KINGDOM ANIMALIAFun stuff!!

ANIMALIA : 9 MAIN PHYLA

1. Porifera2. Cnidaria3. Platyhelminths4. Nematoda5. Annelida6. Mollusca7. Arthropoda8. Echinodermata9. Chordata

3 GERM OR CELL LAYERS

Ectoderm – outer layer cover Mesoderm – Muscle & organ layer Endoderm – Digestive tract

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ANIMALIA

PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges Simple creatures Marine & fresh water No true tissues, so no organs No specialized cellular function Most are Hermaphroditic - perform female &

male functions Can reproduce sexually or asexually Sessile – do not move Suspension feeders

If you cut a sponge, it will spontaneously reaggregate back into a sponges

ARE YOU SPONGEWORTHY?

PORIFERA PHYSIOLOGY

Water flows into the sponge through Porocytes, entering a cavity called Spongocoel

The spongocoel is lined with feeding cells called choanocytes Choanocytes beat their flagella to create a

current that draws water into the porocytes Ameobocytes – transfer nutrients to other

cells of the sponge’s body

CNIDARIA

Eumetazoans Jellyfish & Corals Radial Symmetry Lack Mesoderm 2 Body arrangements:

Polyp – Asexual, cylinder-shaped, & Attached Medusa – Sexual, flat, and Roams for food

Use tentacles to capture & eat prey

CNIDARIA

QUESTIONS

1. Are Cnidarians protosomes or deuterosomes?

2. How do sponges feed?

3. What are Choanocytes & what is their function?

PLATYHELMINTHS Flatworms Acoelomates Protosomes Bilaterally symmetrical Some Cephalization – Formation of head

structure

3 Important forms Flukes – Parasitic & alternate between asex &

sex reprod. Planarians – Free-living carnivores in fresh water Tapeworms – Parasitic flatworms that tend to live

in vertebrates, like humans!!

ROTIFERA

Pseudocoelomates Bilateral Symmetry Separate mouth & anus Microscopic True digestive canal

NEMATODA

Roundworms Protosomes Pseudocoelomates Bilaterally Symmetric Some cause Trichinosis

GI illness due to tainted pork

MOLLUSCA

Snails, slugs, octopus, & squid Protosomes Coelomates – full digestive systems Soft body with calcium-containing shell Bilateral symmetry Bivalves – Clams and Oysters

Have hinged shells that are divided into 2 parts

ANNELIDA

Segmented Worm Earthworms & Leaches Protosome, Bilaterally Symmetrical,

Coelomates Digestive tract is tube-within-a-tube Hermaphroditic Blood with hemoglobin Closed circulatory system Gas diffusion across skin Nephridia used for excretion – precursor to

kidneys

EARTHWORM ANATOMY

ARTHROPODA

Protosome Coelomate Jointed Appendages Segmented: head, thorax, & abdomen Chitinous exoskeleton May have a larval stage Open circulatory system Malphigian tubules – removes nitrogenous

waste Trachea – air ducts, bring air in from the

environment Some have book lungs or gills

ECHINODERMATA

Sea stars Deuterosome coelomates Sessile or slow moving Bilateral symmetry as embryo, but reverts to

primitive form of symmetry (radial) as an adult

Water Vascular system Sexual Reproduction – External fertilization Asexual Reproduction – fragmentation &

regeneration Calcium based endoskeleton

ECHINODERMATA PHYSIOLOGY

Examples of Echinoderms

CHORDATA

Deuterosome coelomates Invertebrates & Vertebrates

Vertebrates – possessing backbone

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord – forms the nervous system & becomes the Brain & spinal cord

Notochord – Long support rod that is replaced by bone in vertebrates

Pharyngeal Gill slits – functions in breathing or feeding

Tail – Lost in many animals by birth

CHORDATES

Can be homeothermic (homo – same) or poikilothermic Homeothermic – maintains consistent body

temperature Birds & Mammals

Poikilothermic – Cold blooded, attain heat from external environment Iguanas and cold environment

COMPLETE THE TABLEPhylum Example Symmetr

yCoelom -Some Germ

Layers

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminths

Nematoda

Annelida

Mollusca

Arthropoda

Echinodermata

Chordata

COMPLETED TABLEPhylum Example Symmetr

yCoelom -Some Germ

Layers

Porifera Sponge ----- ------ ------ 1

Cnidaria Hydra Radial ------ ------ 1

Platyhelminths Planaria Bi Acoelomate P 1

Nematoda Pinworm Bi Pseudo- P 2

Annelida Earthworm Bi Coelomate P 3

Mollusca Clam Bi Coelomate P 3

Arthropoda Insect Bi Coelomate P 3

Echinodermata Starfish Bi ------ Deutero

3

Chordata Dog/Human Bi ------ Deutero

3