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Kinetic Analyses of Two Fencing Attacks–Lunge and Fleche
Nathan Morris, Mark Farnsworth,
and D.G.E. Robertson
School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Introduction
•Fencing is an Olympic sport
•There are three weapons
•20,000 registered fencers in the U.S.
•Highly dynamic sport
Literature Review
• Roi, G., & Bianchedi, D. (2008)
– Asymmetrical movements
– Asymmetrical force production
– Most injuries to muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the lower limbs
• Kerwin, D.G., & Challis, J.H.
– Measured joint angles and impact forces
• Few studies using motion capture analysis, inverse dynamics, or kinetic analysis
Methodology
• 7 Vicon infrared MX13 cameras
• 3 force platforms
• Vicon Workstation
• Visual3D
• Average of three trials
• Subject:
– Male
– Aged: 21
– Internationally competitive athlete
Results - LungeFlexion/ Extension Adduction/Abduction
Trail leg plantiflexors
Trail knee extensors
Stabilization during stance phase
Trail hip abductors
Results - Lunge
• Large power output from trail ankle and knee joints
• Large moment for hip abductors particularly for trail leg
• Negligible hip extension
• Power for attack comes solely from the trail limb
Results - FlecheAdduction/Abduction
Lead leg plantiflexors
Trail leg plantiflexors
Trail knee extensors
Lead hip extensors
Trail hip flexors stabilize & resist extension
Trail hip extensors
Trail hip abductors
Left hip flexors
Lead knee extensors extend and stabilize
Flexion/ Extension
Results - Fleche
• Extension from both ankles• Abduction of the trail leg• Flexion and extension of the
hip joint• Both left and right lower
limbs contribute to movement
Discussion - Lunge
• Power generating muscles contract nearly simultaneously• Relies primarily on the extensors of the ankle and knee• Pre-stretching of ankle and knee muscles was absent • Hip abductors are generally weak muscles• Less power but more stability• Primary method of attack• Low level of coordination
• Orderly recruitment• Utilizes ankle, knee, and hip extensors, hip flexors, and hip
abductors• Very fast and powerful movement• Little control• Higher level of coordination
1 23 31
Discussion - Fleche
Discussion - Lunge vs Fleche
• Main difference comes from the fleche’s use of hip extensors
• Fleche: more power = more tiring
Lunge
Fleche
Conclusions
• Plantiflexors, knee extensors, hip flexors, extensors, and abductors play important roles in power generation
• Very asymmetrical movements
• More emphasis on leg abduction than most human movements
References
• Kerwin, D.G., & Challis, J.H. (1987). Fencing Lunge. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 3(2), 167. Retrieved from
SPORTDiscus with Full Text database.
• Roi, G., & Bianchedi, D. (2008). The Science of Fencing. Sports Medicine, 38(6), 465-481. Retrieved from
SPORTDiscus with Full Text database.
Thank you!
Questions?