kinect

Kinect for Xbox OneDeveloper MicrosoftType Motion controllerGeneration Seventh and eighth generation erasRelease date For Xbox 360:

NA November 4, 2010[1]EU November 10,2010[2]CO November 14,2010[3]AUS November 18,2010[4]JP November 20, 2010[5]

For Windows:NA February 1, 2012[6]AUS February 1, 2012[6]JP February 1, 2012[6]

Units sold 24 million (as of February 12,2013)[7]

Camera 640×480 pixels @ 30 Hz (RGB camera)640×480 pixels @ 30 Hz (IR depth-finding camera)[8]

Kinect

KinectFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaKinect (codenamed Project Natal during development) is aline of motion sensing input devices by Microsoft for Xbox360 and Xbox One video game consoles and Windows PCs.Based around a webcam-style add-on peripheral, it enablesusers to control and interact with their console/computerwithout the need for a game controller, through a naturaluser interface using gestures and spoken commands.[9] Thefirst-generation Kinect was first introduced in November2010 in an attempt to broaden Xbox 360's audience beyondits typical gamer base.[10] A version for Windows wasreleased on February 1, 2012.[6] Kinect competes withseveral motion controllers on other home consoles, such asWii Remote Plus for Wii and Wii U, PlayStationMove/PlayStation Eye for PlayStation 3, and PlayStationCamera for PlayStation 4.Microsoft released the Kinect software development kit forWindows 7 on June 16, 2011.[11][12][13] This SDK wasmeant to allow developers to write Kinecting apps inC++/CLI, C#, or Visual Basic .NET.[14][15]

Contents1 Technology2 History3 Launch4 Kinect for Windows

4.1 Version 1.54.2 Version 1.6, 1.7 and 1.84.3 Version 2

5 Software5.1 Kinect Fun Labs5.2 Open source drivers

5.2.1 Third-party development6 Kinect for Xbox One7 Reception

7.1 Kinect for Xbox 3607.2 Kinect for Xbox One

8 Sales9 Awards10 See also

Kinect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinect

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Connectivity USB 2.0 (type-A for original model;proprietary for Xbox 360 S)

Platform Xbox 360Xbox OneMicrosoft Windows (Windows 7onwards)

Predecessor Xbox Live Vision

Kinect for Xbox 360

11 References12 External links

TechnologyKinect builds on software technology developed internallyby Rare, a subsidiary of Microsoft Game Studios owned byMicrosoft, and on range camera technology by Israelideveloper PrimeSense, which developed a system that can interpretspecific gestures, making completely hands-free control of electronicdevices possible by using an infrared projector and camera and a specialmicrochip to track the movement of objects and individuals in threedimensions.[16][17][18] This 3D scanner system called Light Coding[19]employs a variant of image-based 3D reconstruction.[20][21]

Kinect sensor[9] is a horizontal bar connected to a small base with a motorized pivot and is designed to bepositioned lengthwise above or below the video display. The device features an "RGB camera, depth sensor andmulti-array microphone running proprietary software",[22] which provide full-body 3D motion capture, facialrecognition and voice recognition capabilities. At launch, voice recognition was only made available in Japan,United Kingdom, Canada and United States. Mainland Europe received the feature later in spring 2011.[23]Currently voice recognition is supported in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico,New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States. Kinect sensor's microphone array enables Xbox 360 toconduct acoustic source localization and ambient noise suppression, allowing for things such as headset-freeparty chat over Xbox Live.[9]

The depth sensor consists of an infrared laser projector combined with a monochrome CMOS sensor, whichcaptures video data in 3D under any ambient light conditions.[9][24] The sensing range of the depth sensor isadjustable, and Kinect software is capable of automatically calibrating the sensor based on gameplay and theplayer's physical environment, accommodating for the presence of furniture or other obstacles.[25]

Described by Microsoft personnel as the primary innovation of Kinect,[26][27][28] the software technologyenables advanced gesture recognition, facial recognition and voice recognition.[29] According to informationsupplied to retailers, Kinect is capable of simultaneously tracking up to six people, including two active playersfor motion analysis with a feature extraction of 20 joints per player.[30] However, PrimeSense has stated that thenumber of people the device can "see" (but not process as players) is only limited by how many will fit in thefield-of-view of the camera.[31]

Reverse engineering[32] has determined that the Kinect's various sensors output video at a frame rate of ~9 Hzto 30 Hz depending on resolution. The default RGB video stream uses 8-bit VGA resolution (640 × 480 pixels)with a Bayer color filter, but the hardware is capable of resolutions up to 1280x1024 (at a lower frame rate) andother colour formats such as UYVY. The monochrome depth sensing video stream is in VGA resolution(640 × 480 pixels) with 11-bit depth, which provides 2,048 levels of sensitivity. The Kinect can also stream theview from its IR camera directly (i.e.: before it has been converted into a depth map) as 640x480 video, or1280x1024 at a lower frame rate. The Kinect sensor has a practical ranging limit of 1.2–3.5 m (3.9–11.5 ft)distance when used with the Xbox software. The area required to play Kinect is roughly 6 m2, although thesensor can maintain tracking through an extended range of approximately 0.7–6 m (2.3–19.7 ft). The sensor has


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This infrared image shows the lasergrid Kinect uses to calculate depth

The depth map is visualized hereusing color gradients from white(near) to blue (far)

an angular field of view of 57° horizontally and 43° vertically, while themotorized pivot is capable of tilting the sensor up to 27° either up ordown. The horizontal field of the Kinect sensor at the minimum viewingdistance of ~0.8 m (2.6 ft) is therefore ~87 cm (34 in), and the verticalfield is ~63 cm (25 in), resulting in a resolution of just over 1.3 mm(0.051 in) per pixel. The microphone array features four microphonecapsules[33] and operates with each channel processing 16-bit audio at asampling rate of 16 kHz.[30]

Because the Kinect sensor's motorized tilt mechanism requires morepower than the Xbox 360's USB ports can supply,[34] the device makesuse of a proprietary connector combining USB communication withadditional power. Redesigned Xbox 360 S models include a specialAUX port for accommodating the connector,[35] while older modelsrequire a special power supply cable (included with the sensor[33]) thatsplits the connection into separate USB and power connections; power issupplied from the mains by way of an AC adapter.[34]

HistoryKinect was first announced on June 1, 2009 at E3 2009 under the codename "Project Natal".[36] Following in Microsoft's tradition of usingcities as code names,[9] "Project Natal" was named after the Braziliancity of Natal as a tribute to the country by Brazilian-born Microsoftdirector Alex Kipman, who incubated the project.[9][37] The name Natalwas also chosen because the word natal means "of or relating to birth",reflecting Microsoft's view of the project as "the birth of the next generation of home entertainment".[26]

Three demos were shown to showcase Kinect when it was revealed at Microsoft's E3 2009 Media Briefing:Ricochet, Paint Party and Milo & Kate.[38] A demo based on Burnout Paradise was also shown outside ofMicrosoft's media briefing.[39] The skeletal mapping technology shown at E3 2009 was capable ofsimultaneously tracking four people,[24][26][29][37] with a feature extraction of 48 skeletal points on a humanbody at 30 Hz.[25][37]

It was rumored that the launch of Project Natal would be accompanied with the release of a new Xbox 360console (as either a new retail configuration,[40][41] a significant design revision[42] and/or a modest hardwareupgrade[43]). Microsoft dismissed the reports in public and repeatedly emphasized that Project Natal would befully compatible with all Xbox 360 consoles. Microsoft indicated that the company considers it to be asignificant initiative, as fundamental to Xbox brand as Xbox Live,[44] and with a launch akin to that of a newXbox console platform.[45] Kinect was even referred to as a "new Xbox" by Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer at aspeech for Executives' Club of Chicago.[46][47] When asked if the introduction will extend the time before thenext-generation console platform is launched (historically about 5 years between platforms),[48] Microsoftcorporate vice president Shane Kim reaffirmed that the company believes that the life cycle of Xbox 360 willlast through 2015 (10 years).[26]

During Kinect's development, project team members experimentally adapted numerous games to Kinect-basedcontrol schemes to help evaluate usability. Among these games were Beautiful Katamari and Space Invaders


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The Xbox 360 S and E models havededicated ports for the Kinect,removing the need for an externalpower supply.

Extreme, which were demonstrated at Tokyo Game Show in September 2009.[49] According to creative directorKudo Tsunoda, adding Kinect-based control to pre-existing games would involve significant code alterations,making it unlikely for Kinect features to be added through software updates.[50]

Although the sensor unit was originally planned to contain a microprocessor that would perform operationssuch as the system's skeletal mapping, it was revealed in January 2010 that the sensor would no longer feature adedicated processor. Instead, processing would be handled by one of the processor cores of Xbox 360's XenonCPU.[51] According to Alex Kipman, Kinect system consumes about 10-15% of Xbox 360's computingresources.[52] However, in November, Alex Kipman made a statement that "the new motion control tech nowonly uses a single-digit percentage of Xbox 360's processing power, down from the previously stated 10 to 15percent."[53] A number of observers commented that the computational load required for Kinect makes theaddition of Kinect functionality to pre-existing games through software updates even less likely, with conceptsspecific to Kinect more likely to be the focus for developers using the platform.[51]

On March 25 2010, Microsoft sent out a save the date flier for an eventcalled the "World Premiere 'Project Natal' for Xbox 360 Experience" atE3 2010. The event took place on the evening of Sunday, June 13, 2010at Galen Center[54] and featured a performance by Cirque du Soleil. Itwas announced that the system would officially be called Kinect, aportmanteau of the words "kinetic" and "connect", which describe keyaspects of the initiative.[55] Microsoft also announced that the NorthAmerican launch date for Kinect will be November 4, 2010.[56] Despiteprevious statements dismissing speculation of a new Xbox 360 toaccompany the launch of the new control system, Microsoft announcedat E3 2010 that it was introducing a redesigned Xbox 360, complete witha connector port ready for Kinect. In addition, on July 20, 2010,Microsoft announced a Kinect bundle with a redesigned Xbox 360, to be available with Kinect launch.[57]

On June 16, 2011, Microsoft announced its official release of its SDK for non-commercial use.[58] On July 21,2011, Microsoft announced that the first ever white Kinect sensor would be available as part of "Xbox 360Limited Edition Kinect Star Wars Bundle", which also includes custom a Star Wars-themed console andcontroller, and copies of Kinect Adventures and Star Wars Kinect.[59] Previously, all Kinect sensors had beenglossy black.On October 31, 2011, Microsoft announced launching of the commercial version of Kinect for Windowsprogram with release of SDK to companies. David Dennis, Product Manager at Microsoft, said, "There arehundreds of organizations we are working with to help them determine what's possible with the tech".[60]

On February 1, 2012, Microsoft released the commercial version of Kinect for Windows SDK and told thatmore than 300 companies from over 25 countries are working on Kinect-ready apps.[61]

LaunchMicrosoft had an advertising budget of US$500 million for the launch of Kinect, a larger sum than theinvestment at launch of Xbox console.[62] The marketing campaign You Are the Controller, aiming to reach newaudiences, included advertisements on Kellogg's cereal boxes and Pepsi bottles, commercials during shows suchas Dancing with the Stars and Glee as well as print ads in various magazines such as People and InStyle.[63]


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A January 2010 promotional bannerindicating the expected release ofKinect (then "Project Natal") byholiday 2010

On October 19, Microsoft advertised Kinect on The Oprah WinfreyShow by giving free Xbox 360 consoles and Kinect sensors to thepeople in the audience.[64] Two weeks later, Kinect bundles with Xbox360 consoles were also given away to the audience of Late Night withJimmy Fallon.[65] On October 23, Microsoft held a pre-launch party forKinect in Beverly Hills. The party was hosted by Ashley Tisdale andwas attended by soccer star David Beckham and his three sons, Cruz,Brooklyn, and Romeo. Guests were treated to sessions with DanceCentral and Kinect Adventures, followed by Tisdale having a Kinectvoice chat with Nick Cannon.[66] Between November 1 and 28, BurgerKing gave away a free Kinect bundle "every 15 minutes".[67]

A major event was organized on November 3 in Times Square, where singer Ne-Yo performed with hundreds ofdancers in anticipation of Kinect's midnight launch.[68] During the festivities, Microsoft gave away T-shirts andKinect games.[69]

Kinect was launched in North America on November 4, 2010,[1] in Europe on November 10, 2010,[2] inAustralia, New Zealand and Singapore on November 18, 2010,[4][70][71] and in Japan on November 20,2010.[72] Purchase options for the sensor peripheral include a bundle with the game Kinect Adventures andconsole bundles with either a 4 GB[57][73][74] or 250 GB[75] Xbox 360 console and Kinect Adventures.[57][73][74][75]

Kinect for WindowsOn February 21, 2011 Microsoft announced that it would release a non-commercial Kinect softwaredevelopment kit (SDK) for Windows in spring 2011, which was released for Windows 7 on June 16, 2011 in 12countries.[11][12][13] The SDK includes Windows 7 compatible PC drivers for Kinect device. It provides Kinectcapabilities to developers to build applications with C++, C#, or Visual Basic by using Microsoft Visual Studio2010 and includes following features:

Raw sensor streams: Access to low-level streams from the depth sensor, color camera sensor, andfour-element microphone array.

1. Skeletal tracking: The capability to track the skeleton image of one or two people moving within Kinect'sfield of view for gesture-driven applications.

2. Advanced audio capabilities: Audio processing capabilities include sophisticated acoustic noisesuppression and echo cancellation, beam formation to identify the current sound source, and integrationwith Windows speech recognition API.

3.

Sample code and Documentation.[76]4. In March 2012, Craig Eisler, the general manager of Kinect for Windows, said that almost 350 companies areworking with Microsoft on custom Kinect applications for Windows.[77]

Version 1.5In March 2012, Microsoft announced that next version of Kinect for Windows SDK would be available in May2012. Kinect for Windows 1.5 was released on May 21, 2012. It adds new features, support for many newlanguages and debut in 19 more countries.[78][79]


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Kinect for Windows 1.5 SDK would include 'Kinect Studio' a new app that allows developers to record,playback, and debug clips of users interacting with applications.[80]

1. Support for new "seated" or "10-joint" skeletal system that will let apps track the head, neck, and arms ofa Kinect user - whether they're sitting down or standing; which would work in default and near mode.

2. Support for four new languages for speech recognition – French, Spanish, Italian, and Japanese.Additionally it would add support for regional dialects of these languages along with English.[81]

3. It would be available in Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan in May and Austria, Belgium, Brazil,Denmark, Finland, India, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, SouthAfrica, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates in June.[82]

4.

Version 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8Kinect for Windows SDK for the first-generation sensor was updated a few more times, with version 1.6released October 8, 2012,[83] version 1.7 released March 18, 2013,[84] and version 1.8 released September 17,2013.[85]

Version 2The second-generation Kinect for Windows, based on the same core technology as Kinect for Xbox One,including a new sensor, was first released in 2014.

SoftwareRequiring at least 190 MB of available storage space,[86] Kinect system software allows users to operate Xbox360 Dashboard console user interface through voice commands and hand gestures. Techniques such as voicerecognition and facial recognition are employed to automatically identify users. Among the applications forKinect is Video Kinect, which enables voice chat or video chat with other Xbox 360 users or users of WindowsLive Messenger. The application can use Kinect's tracking functionality and Kinect sensor's motorized pivot tokeep users in frame even as they move around. Other applications with Kinect support include ESPN, ZuneMarketplace,[86] Netflix, Hulu Plus[87] and Last.fm.[88] Microsoft later confirmed that all forthcomingapplications would be required to have Kinect functionality for certification.[89]

Games that require Kinect have a purple sticker on them with a white silhouette of Kinect sensor and "RequiresKinect Sensor" underneath in white text, and also come in purple packaging.[90] Games that have optionalKinect support (meaning that Kinect is not necessary to play the game or that there are optional Kinectminigames included) feature a standard green Xbox 360 case with a purple bar underneath the header, asilhouette of Kinect sensor and "Better with Kinect Sensor" next to it in white text.[90]

Kinect launched on November 4, 2010 with 17 titles.[91] Third-party publishers of available and announcedKinect games include, among others, Ubisoft, Electronic Arts, LucasArts, THQ, Activision, Konami, Sega,Capcom, Namco Bandai and MTV Games. Along with retail games, there are also select Xbox Live Arcade thatexclusively use Kinect peripheral.Kinect Fun LabsAt E3 2011, Microsoft announced Kinect Fun Labs: a collection of various gadgets and minigames that areaccessible from Xbox 360 Dashboard. These gadgets includes Build A Buddy, Air Band, Kinect Googly Eyes,


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Kinect Me, Bobblehead, Kinect Sparkler, Junk Fu[92] and Avatar Kinect.[93][94][95]

Open source driversIn November 2010, Adafruit Industries offered a bounty for an open-source driver for Kinect. Microsoftinitially voiced its disapproval of the bounty, stating that it "does not condone the modification of its products"and that it had "built in numerous hardware and software safeguards designed to reduce the chances of producttampering".[96] This reaction, however, was caused by a misunderstanding within Microsoft,[97] and thecompany later clarified its position, claiming that while it does not condone hacking of either the physicaldevice or the console, the USB connection was left open by design.

“ The first thing to talk about is, Kinect was not actually hacked. Hacking would mean thatsomeone got to our algorithms that sit inside of the Xbox and was able to actually use them,which hasn't happened. Or, it means that you put a device between the sensor and the Xbox formeans of cheating, which also has not happened. That's what we call hacking, and that's whatwe have put a ton of work and effort to make sure doesn't actually occur. What has happened issomeone wrote an open-source driver for PCs that essentially opens the USB connection, whichwe didn't protect, by design, and reads the inputs from the sensor. The sensor, again, as I talkedearlier, has eyes and ears, and that's a whole bunch of noise that someone needs to take and turninto signal. ”

— Microsoft's Alex Kipman speaking formally on NPR's Science Friday[98]

On November 10, Adafruit announced Héctor Martín as the winner,[99][100] who had produced a Linux driverthat allows the use of both the RGB camera and depth sensitivity functions of the device.[101][102] It was laterrevealed that Johnny Lee, a core member of Microsoft's Kinect development team, had secretly approachedAdafruit with the idea of a driver development contest and had personally financed it.[103]

In December 2010, PrimeSense, whose depth sensing reference design Kinect is based on, released their ownopen source drivers along with motion tracking middleware called NITE.[104] PrimeSense later announced thatit had teamed up with Asus to develop a PC-compatible device similar to Kinect for Chinese markets, called theWavi Xtion. The product was released in October 2011.[105][106]

OpenNI is an open-source software framework that is able to read sensor data from Kinect, among other naturaluser interface sensors.Third-party developmentNumerous developers are researching possible applications of Kinect that go beyond the system's intendedpurpose of playing games. For example, Philipp Robbel of MIT combined Kinect with iRobot Create to map aroom in 3D and have the robot respond to human gestures,[107] while an MIT Media Lab team is working on aJavaScript extension for Google Chrome called depthJS that allows users to control the browser with handgestures.[108] Other programmers, including Robot Locomotion Group at MIT, are using the drivers to developa motion-controller user interface similar to the one envisioned in Minority Report.[109] The developers ofMRPT have integrated open source drivers into their libraries and provided examples of live 3D rendering andbasic 3D visual SLAM.[110] Another team has shown an application that allows Kinect users to play a virtualpiano by tapping their fingers on an empty desk.[111] Oliver Kreylos, a researcher at University of California,Davis, adopted the technology to improve live 3-dimensional videoconferencing, which NASA has shown


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A demonstration of a third-party use ofKinect at Maker Faire. The visualizationon the left, provided through Kinect, is of auser with a jacket featuring wearableelectronic controls for VJing.

interest in.[112]

Alexandre Alahi from EPFL presented a video surveillance systemthat combines multiple Kinect devices to track groups of peopleeven in complete darkness.[113] Companies So touch and Evolucehave developed presentation software for Kinect that can becontrolled by hand gestures; among its features is a multi-touchzoom mode.[114] In December 2010, the free public beta of HTPCsoftware KinEmote was launched; it allows navigation of Boxee andXBMC menus using a Kinect sensor.[115] Soroush Falahati wrote anapplication that can be used to create stereoscopic 3D images with aKinect sensor.[116]

For a limited time in May 2011, a Topshop store in Moscow set up aKinect kiosk that could overlay a collection of dresses onto the livevideo feed of customers. Through automatic tracking, position and rotation of the virtual dress were updatedeven as customers turned around to see the back of the outfit.Kinect also shows compelling potential for use in medicine. Researchers at the University of Minnesota haveused Kinect to measure a range of disorder symptoms in children, creating new ways of objective evaluation todetect such conditions as autism, attention-deficit disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.[117] Severalgroups have reported using Kinect for intraoperative, review of medical imaging, allowing the surgeon to accessthe information without contamination.[118][119] This technique is already in use at Sunnybrook Health SciencesCentre in Toronto, where doctors use it to guide imaging during cancer surgery.[120] At least one company,GestSure Technologies, is pursuing the commercialization of such a system.[121]

Another recent application of Kinect is for multi-touch displays. A Seattle-based company that graduated fromMicrosoft's Kinect Accelerator, Ubi Interactive, has developed software for the Kinect intended to work withprojectors to allow touchscreen-like capabilities on various surfaces.[122]

Kinect is used with a number of ROS robots via OpenNI.[123]

Kinect for Xbox OneXbox One consoles ship with an updated version of Kinect; the new Kinect uses a wide-angle time-of-flightcamera, and processes 2 gigabits of data per second to read its environment. The new Kinect has greateraccuracy with three times the fidelity over its predecessor and can track without visible light by using an activeIR sensor. It has a 60% wider field of vision that can detect a user up to 3 feet from the sensor, compared to sixfeet for the original Kinect, and can track up to 6 skeletons at once. It can also detect a player's heart rate, facialexpression, the position and orientation of 25 individual joints (including thumbs), the weight put on each limb,speed of player movements, and track gestures performed with a standard controller. Kinect's microphone isused to provide voice commands for actions such as navigation, starting games, and waking the console fromsleep mode.[124][125]

All Xbox One consoles were initially shipped with the Kinect sensor included—a holdover from a previously-announced, but retracted mandate requiring Kinect to be plugged into the console at all times for it tofunction.[126] In June 2014, bundles without Kinect were made available,[127] along with an updated Xbox OneSDK allowing game developers to explicitly disable Kinect skeletal tracking, freeing up system resources that


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Review scoresPublication Score

CVG 8.8/10[130]Game Informer 8/10[131]

IGN 7.5/10[132]CNET 3.5/5[133]

Engadget 6/10[134]USA Today [135]TechRadar [136]

The Washington Post [137]PC Magazine 4/5[138]Game Guru 9/10 [139]Tech Shout 9.2/10 [140]

Reception

were previously reserved for Kinect even if it was disabled or unplugged.[127][128]

A standalone Kinect for Xbox One, bundled with a digital copy of Dance Central Spotlight, was released onOctober 7, 2014.[129]

ReceptionKinect for Xbox 360Upon its release, the Kinect garnered positive opinions fromreviewers and critics. IGN gave the device 7.5 out of 10,saying that "Kinect can be a tremendous amount of fun forcasual players, and the creative, controller-free concept isundeniably appealing", though adding that for "$149.99, amotion-tracking camera add-on for Xbox 360 is a tough sell,especially considering that the entry level variation of Xbox360 itself is only $199.99".[132] Game Informer rated Kinect 8out of 10, praising the technology but noting that theexperience takes a while to get used to and that the spatialrequirement may pose a barrier.[131] Computer and VideoGames called the device a technological gem and applaudedthe gesture and voice controls, while criticizing the launchlineup and Kinect Hub.[130]

CNET's review pointed out how Kinect keeps players activewith its full-body motion sensing but criticized the learningcurve, the additional power supply needed for older Xbox 360consoles and the space requirements.[133] Engadget, too,listed the large space requirements as a negative, along withKinect's launch lineup and the slowness of the hand gesture UI. The review praised the system's powerfultechnology and the potential of its yoga and dance games.[134] Kotaku considered the device revolutionary uponfirst use but noted that games were sometimes unable to recognize gestures or had slow responses, concludingthat Kinect is "not must-own yet, more like must-eventually own."[141] TechRadar praised the voice control andsaw a great deal of potential in the device whose lag and space requirements were identified as issues.[136]Gizmodo also noted Kinect's potential and expressed curiosity in how more mainstream titles would utilize thetechnology.[142] Ars Technica's review expressed concern that the core feature of Kinect, its lack of a controller,would hamper development of games beyond those that have either stationary players or control the player'smovement automatically.[143]

The mainstream press also reviewed Kinect. USA Today compared it to the futuristic control scheme seen inMinority Report, stating that "playing games feels great" and giving the device 3.5 out of 4 stars.[135] DavidPogue from The New York Times predicted players will feel a "crazy, magical, omigosh rush the first time youtry the Kinect." Despite calling the motion tracking less precise than Wii's implementation, Pogue concludedthat "Kinect’s astonishing technology creates a completely new activity that’s social, age-spanning and evenathletic."[144] The Globe and Mail titled Kinect as setting a "new standard for motion control." The slight inputlag between making a physical movement and Kinect registering it was not considered a major issue with mostgames, and the review called Kinect "a good and innovative product," rating it 3.5 out of 4 stars.[145]


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Kinect for Xbox OneAlthough featuring improved performance over the original Kinect, its successor has been subject to mixedresponses. It has been praised for its wide angle, fast response time and high quality camera. However, theKinect's inability to understand some accents in English was criticized.[146] Furthermore, controversiessurround Microsoft's intentional tying of the sensor with the Xbox One console despite the initial requirementsfor the sensor being plugged in at all times having been revised since its initial announcement. There have alsobeen a number of concerns regarding privacy. In May 2014, Microsoft announced that it would offer an XboxOne console without Kinect beginning June 9 alongside the original package; a separate Kinect sensor will bemade available at a later date for users who wish to add it later.[147]

Sales24 million units of Kinect had been shipped by February 2013.[7] Having sold 8 million units in its first 60 dayson the market, Kinect has claimed the Guinness World Record of being the "fastest selling consumer electronicsdevice".[148][149][150][151] According to Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter, Kinect bundles accounted for abouthalf of all Xbox 360 console sales in December 2010 and for more than two-thirds in February 2011.[152][153]More than 750,000 Kinect units were sold during the week of Black Friday 2011.[154][155]

AwardsThe machine learning work on human motion capture within Kinect won the 2011 MacRobert Award forengineering innovation.[156]Kinect Won T3's "Gadget of the Year" award for 2011.[157] It also won the "Gaming Gadget of the Year"prize.[158]'Microsoft Kinect for Windows Software Development Kit' was ranked second in "The 10 MostInnovative Tech Products of 2011" at Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Awards ceremony in New YorkCity.[159][160]

See alsoDreameyeEyeToyList of Kinect gamesMotion capturePlayStation 4 CameraPlayStation EyePlayStation MoveSega ActivatorStructured-light 3D scannerWii Balance BoardWii RemoteXbox Live Vision

References


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Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to Kinect.

November 29, 2011."Xbox 360 sees biggest sales week in its 7-year history". VentureBeat. November 29, 2011. Retrieved March 12,2012.

155. "Kinect team scoop the $50,000 Macrobert Award". Professional Engineering. June 7, 2011.156. "Gadget of the Year | T3 Gadget Awards 2011". T3. Future plc. Retrieved October 13, 2011.157. "Gaming Gadget of the Year | T3 Gadget Awards 2011". T3. Future plc. Retrieved October 13, 2011.158. "The 10 Most Innovative Tech Products of 2011". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved March 12, 2012.159. "Kinect for Windows SDK Beta Makes It Big in the Big Apple". Microsoft Research Connections Blog.Blogs.MSDN.com. October 13, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2012.

160.

External linksOfficial website (http://www.xbox.com/kinect/) for Xbox + KinectOfficial website (http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/kinectforwindows/) for Kinect for WindowsKinect Playlist (http://www.youtube.com/user/xbox#grid/user/13DAE6AFF31073FB) at the officialYouTube Xbox channelKinectShare (http://kinectshare.com/) KinectShare.comiFixit teardown of Kinect (http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Microsoft-Kinect-Teardown/4066/1)Patent application (http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=WO&NR=2010088032A2&KC=A2&FT=D&date=20100805&DB=EPODOC) relating to KinectKinect for Windows SDK (http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/kinectforwindows/develop/developer-downloads.aspx)Time-of-Flight and Kinect Imaging (http://campar.in.tum.de/twiki/pub/Chair/TeachingSs11Kinect/2011-DSensors_LabCourse_Kinect.pdf)Official KINECT for Windows Blog (http://blogs.msdn.com/b/kinectforwindows/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinect&oldid=712679327"Categories: Microsoft Microsoft hardware Xbox 360 hardware Xbox One Computing input devicesHistory of human–computer interaction Film and video technology Video game controllersUser interfaces Webcams 2010 introductions Pointing devices 3D imagingDevices capable of speech recognition Microphones Infrared imaging Artificial intelligenceApplied machine learning

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