Kiln%Apartments:%% A%Mul12family%Passive%House% · PDF file• Heat Recovery Ventilation • Balance shading & solar gain • Minimal heating & ... Rendering of complexity of concrete

Kiln%Apartments:%%A%Mul12family%Passive%House%%

Presented(on(Oct(23,(2014(by(David(Posada,(GBD(Architects(

Disclaimer:+This+presenta1on+was+developed+by+a+third+party+and+is+not+funded+by+WoodWorks+or+the+So=wood+Lumber+Board.(

“The(Wood(Products(Council”(is(a(Registered(Provider(with(The(American(InsHtute(of(Architects(ConHnuing(EducaHon(Systems((AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.((!Credit(s)(earned(on(compleHon(of(this(course(will(be(reported(to(AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.(CerHficates(of(CompleHon(for(both(AIA(members(and(nonUAIA(members(are(available(upon(request.(((

This(course(is(registered(with(AIA(CES(for(conHnuing(professional(educaHon.(As(such,(it(does(not(include(content(that(may(be(deemed(or(construed(to(be(an(approval(or(endorsement(by(the(AIA(of(any(material(of(construcHon(or(any(method(or(manner(of(handling,(using,(distribuHng,(or(dealing(in(any(material(or(product.(___________________________________________

QuesHons(related(to(specific(materials,(methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed(at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentaHon.((

(

Course%Descrip1on%

This(case(study(features(one(of(the(first(marketUrate(apartment(buildings(in(the(US(to(pursue(Passive(House(cerHficaHon—a(recently(completed(fiveUstory,(woodUframe(building(in(Portland(Oregon.(

In(addiHon(to(the(technical(challenges(of(applying(Passive(House(principles(to(mulHUfamily(housing,(topics(include(cost(premiums,(constructability(challenges,(and(lessons(to(improve(more(widespread(adopHon(of(passive(house(methods.((

Discussion(will(also(cover(windowUtoUwall(raHo,(assembly(opHons(and(details,(shade(selecHon,(modeling(challenges,(sequencing(and(schedule,(blower(door(tests,(infrared(imaging(and(more.((

Learning%Objec1ves%1.  Summarize(energy(efficiency,(venHlaHon,(design,(and(

construcHon(criteria(for(the(Passive(house(standard;((

2.  IdenHfy(technical(challenges(of(applying(passive(house(design(principles(to(mulHUfamily(housing;((

3.  IdenHfy(key(cost(premiums(and(constructability(challenges;((

4.  Apply(lessons(learned(to(reduce(future(costs(and(barriers(to(adopHon(for(this(aggressive(energy(efficiency(standard.(

18, 1-BR rental units Ave unit size 600 sf 2-Bedroom Penthouse 1100 sf Retail Portland, Oregon Completed June 2014 Climate Zone 4C marine, 4400 HDD, 1350 CDD

Passive House Standard •  Continuous insulation •  Triple pane windows •  Continuous air barrier •  Heat Recovery

Ventilation •  Balance shading & solar

gain •  Minimal heating &

cooling

Passive House Standard •  Continuous insulation •  Triple pane windows •  Continuous air barrier •  Heat Recovery

Ventilation •  Balance shading & solar

gain •  Minimal heating &

cooling

1974

2005

1990

SMITH HOUSE URBANA, IL 2003

SUPERINSULATED HOUSE SASKATCHEWAN, 1974

FIRST PASSIVHAUS DARMSTADT, GERMANY 1990

•  RU40(Walls(•  RU60(Roof(•  Triple(glazed(windows(•  Heat(Recovery(VenHlator(•  AirHght(construcHon(•  WWR,(Thermal(mass(•  Minimal(heaHng((

•  7”(Masonry(walls(•  Exterior(10”(EPS(R40(•  R57(Roof(

•  RU60(Wall(12”(TJI+4”(foam(•  RU60(Roof((•  Stem(walls(6”(EPS(foam(RU26(•  Slab(14”(XPS((RU56(•  Thermotech(windows(U.19(

COMPACT MASSING SOLAR GAIN & SHADING HIGH QUALITY WINDOWS CONTINUOUS INSULATION THERMAL-BRIDGE FREE AIRTIGHTNESS BARRIER HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION TINY HEATING, COOLING SYSTEM EFFICIENT APPLIANCES, LIGHTS

EVANS-RUE HOUSE SALEM, OR 2010

FAIRVIEW AFFORDABLE HOUSING URBANA, IL 2005

BIOHAUS , BEMIDJI, MIN 2005

Karuna House Holst Architects Hammer & Hand Imagine Energy

Orchards at Orenco AMAA, WALSH CONSTRUCTION, GREEN HAMMER

Stellar Apartments BERGSUND DELANEY, MEILI CONSTRUCTION, SOLARC

Walls

1. DOUBLE STUD 2. STUDS + FOAM

Windows

U-VALUE SOLAR HEAT GAIN THERMAL BRIDGING FRAME AIRTIGHTNESS

Thermal bridge-free

•  Typ(condiHons(•  PH(strategies(•  Measurement(

Heat Recovery Ventilation

Air tightness •  0.6(ACH(@(50(pascals(•  Energy(Star(Home:(3U5(ACH(

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CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO

DISTRICT

450,598,652

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450,598,652

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“A house that doesn’t

need a furnace…”

“You can heat it with

a hair dryer…”

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DISTRICT

Continuous Insulation & air barrier;

Thermal bridge free construction;

Premium windows – thermal comfort;

Balance solar gain & shading;

Balanced [active] ventilation with heat

recovery;

Minimal heating, cooling (thru vent ducts);

Efficient appliances, lighting;

2. Kiln Apartments

Site

COPYRIGHT 2013 © GBD ARCHITECTS

BUG Prototype, INSITU

.

This is the title of the image.

This is the title of the image.

2. Multi-family

Known Un-knowns Model

PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP

Air tightness Blower door test Leakage?

Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations

Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE How much will this cost?




TFA: Exclude stairs, elevator; 60%: Hallways, lobby, mechanical rooms, bike storage, trash room.



TFA: Exclude stairs, elevator; 60%: Hallways, lobby, mechanical rooms, bike storage, trash room.































3. PH Strategies

CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings




Presentation Title 10/15/14 Page 63



ULTRA HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS HH Windows Seattle, WA U-value 0.12 & 0.13 SHGC 0.56 South SHGC 0.25 N, E, W







ULTRA HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS

HH WINDOWS FLUID APPLIED AIR BARRIER

PROSECO R-GUARD SIGA WIGLU TAPE


MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING:


MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: SYSTEM ANALYSIS

HEATING(Electric(Resistance(only;(Gas((Boiler(+(Hydronic(Wood(Pellet(Boiler((HEATING(+(COOLING(Heat(Pumps(–(Mini(Split((

MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: HEATING – GAS BOILER


MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: HYDRONIC RADIATORS


MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: CENTRAL HEAT RECOVERY


Ul1mateAir%%2000DX%


Ul1mateAir%%2000DX%

MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: CENTRAL HEAT RECOVERY


MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: SOLAR HOT WATER ( + Photovoltaic)


450,598,652

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DISTRICT

4. Observations & Lessons Learned

Means & Methods


LESSON #1 SKIN TO VOLUME RATIO 4.9 VS 7.9 This(raHo(describes(the(amount(of(exterior(envelope(vs(amount(of(interior(volume.((Historically,(we(have(always(thought(about(this(raHo(from(a(cost(of(construcHon(point(of(view.((However,(the(raHo(has(a(much(larger(impact(in(a(passive(house(because(the(heat(loss(through(the(skin(is(the(dominant(driver(of(energy(use.(

Typical floor plan at Kiln Apartments.

Typical floor plan at the Janey.

LESSON #2 ORIENTATION AND MASSING

Both(the(Janey(and(Kiln(have(opHmal(solar(orientaHon(–(broad(sides(of(the(building(face(north/south.(Out(of(curiosity,(we(ran(the(energy(model(rotaHng(Janey(90(degrees(to(assess(impact.(That(rotaHon(resulted(in(a(building(consuming(30%(more(energy.(((That(would(be(significant(to(overcome((…cost(more(money).(

LESSON #3 MOST COST EFFECTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES The(analysis(performed((Janey(vs(Janey(Passive)(was(fundamentally(about(idenHfying:((1.  Janey(Passive(

Strategies(2.  Most(cost(effecHve(

strategies(based(on($/%(energy(reducHon(

3.  Most(cost(effecHve(Janey(Scheme(

1.  HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS

2.  INSULATING GROUND FLOOR SPACES

3.  PROVIDING HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION

4.  ADDING EXTERIOR WALL INSULATION

5.  ADDING ROOF INSULATION

$132,500, 103% REDUCTION, $1,290 PER 1% ENERGY $9,137, 42.5% REDUCTION, $215 PER 1% ENERGY $127,500, 29% REDUCTION, $4,397 PER 1% ENERGY $39,902, 15% REDUCTION, $2,670 PER 1% ENERGY $13,930, 8% REDUCTION, $1,788 PER 1% ENERGY

Note: Some strategies are givens; for example, the building couldn’t perform without a heat recovery or energy recovery ventilator.

FIELD OBSERVATIONS

For(a(mixedUuse(commercial(building,(the(level(of(care(and(quality(is(significantly(different(than(a(“typical”(commercial(building.((To(date,(almost(all(of(the(Passive(House(buildings(in(the(NW(have(been(homes(and(many(of(those(have(been(built(by(either(the(designer(or(very(small(construcHon(crews.(It(is(different(to(build(with(a(crew(of(a(dozen(vs(a(crew(of(many(dozens.(

Example showing the level of care required for Passive House construction – in this example, underground insulation with gaps greater than ¼” were required to be spray foamed.

LESSON #4 EXCLUDE GROUND FLOOR SPACE OR SIMPLIFY FOUNDATION The(amount(of(below(grade(insulaHon(at(Kiln(was(very(difficult(to(install(and(expensive.((All(of(that(could(be(avoided(in(a(5(over(1(strategy.(There(are(many(advantages(of(this(approach:((1.  Flexibility(2.  ConstrucHon(Cost(3.  Simplified(

FoundaHons(

Rendering of complexity of concrete structural foundation at Kiln

View of concrete structural foundation showing insulation under footings.


SIMPLIFY CLADDING AND EXTERIOR INSULATION

LESSON #5


SIMPLIFY CLADDING AND EXTERIOR INSULATION

LESSON #5

LESSON #6 REDUCE EAST / WEST GLAZING

The(Janey(has(significantly(more(glazing(overall(than(Kiln((32%(vs(23%).((However,(the(amount(of(glazing(on(the(east/west(is(half(of(Kiln.((East/West(glazing(is(difficult(to(control(in(the(Summer((overheat(the(apartments)(and(doesn’t(give(as(much(benefit(in(the(Winter((passive(heat(source).(

View of SW corner of the Janey. East elevation party wall - 0% glazing. West Elevation looks like a lot of glazing, but there is very little – 24%.

MOISTURE MANAGEMENT

Due(to(the(high(performing(and(very(Hght(envelope(of(a(passive(house(building,(understanding(moisture(management(is(more(involved.((At(Kiln,(the(team(hired(outside(experts(to(run(a(number(of(moisture(management(scenarios(to(prove(adequate(drying(of(the(building(iniHally(as(well(as(over(Hme.(

Some of the analysis necessary to understand moisture management at Kiln Apartments (Moisture Generation Table, On-site moisture testing of wood framing, hygrothermal model of roof system)

LESSON #7

CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

A(passive(house(must(meet(a(stringent(air(Hghtness(standard:(<0.60(ACH(@(50(Pa((To(ensure(that,(a(preliminary(blower(door(test(is(typically(performed(ater(the(envelope(is(complete((air(Hght),(but(before(the(insulaHon(and(drywall(installaHon.((As(such,(passing(this(test(becomes(criHcal(path(construcHon(schedule(milestone.(

The full building blower door test requires a complete envelope. This reduces some construction sequencing alternatives that a contractor typically has.

LESSON #8

DESIGN PROCESS

Though(Kiln(is(certainly(an(R&D(effort(for(all(involved,(we(have(noHced(a(few(areas(that(are(different(than(GBD’s(“typical”(design(process.((From(a(developer’s(point(of(view,(some(of(these(items(result(in(more(design(Hme(than(“typical”(high(performing(standards(such(as(LEED.((

1.  FINDING THE RIGHT MEP SYSTEMS REQUIRES MORE EARLY ANALYSIS TO AVOID COSTLY DESIGN REVISIONS.

2.  PRE-DESIGN / SCHEMATIC DESIGN IS MORE INVOLVED AS IT MUST INCLUDE ENERGY MODELING.

3.  ENERGY MODELING IS MORE INVOLVED AND CRITICAL.

4.  CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION REQUIRES MORE ATTENTION FROM THE DESIGN TEAM.

LESSON #9

LESSONS LEARNED

1.  SKIN TO VOLUME RATIO HAS MAJOR IMPACT 2.  ORIENTATION AND MASSING HAVE

SIGNIFICANT IMPACT 3.  HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS - MOST BANG

FOR THE BUCK 4.  EXCLUDE GROUND FLOOR SPACE/ SIMPLIFY

CONCRETE WORK 5.  SIMPLIFY CLADDING & EXTERIOR INSULATION

ATTACHMENT 6.  REDUCE GLAZING ON EAST/WEST 7.  MOISTURE MANAGEMENT 8.  CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE IMPACTS 9.  DESIGN PROCESS

Ques1ons?%This(concludes(The(American(InsHtute(of(Architects(ConHnuing(EducaHon(Systems(Course(

David%Posada%GBD(Architects([email protected](

GBD Architects Incorporated 1120 NW Couch St., Suite 300 Portland, OR 97209 Tel. (503) 224-9656 www.gbdarchitects.com

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Kiln%Apartments:%% A%Mul12family%Passive%House% · PDF file• Heat Recovery Ventilation • Balance shading & solar gain • Minimal heating & ... Rendering of complexity of concrete