7. Hong H. A., Huang J. M , et al. (2008). The safety of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus indicus as food probiotics. J Appl Microbiol, 105(2): 510-20.

8 . Hong H. A., Khaneja R., et al. (2009). Bacillus subtilis isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Res Microbiol, 160(2): 134-43.

9. Marahiel M. A., Nakano M. M., et al. (1993). Regulation of peptide antibiotic production in Bacillus. Moi Microbiol, 7(5): 631-6.

10. Naidu A. S., Bidlack W. R., et al. (1999). Probiotic spectra of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 39(1): 13-126.

11. Nguyen Van Thanh, 06ng T C et al (2009) Cong nghe sinh hoc Di/ac (eds) pp 315 NXB Gido Due Viet Nam.

12. Pushkacev A M , Tuigunova V G . et al (2007). Use of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis bactena for treatment \of nosocomial unnary tract infections Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. (2) 90-3

13. Sorokulova I. B., Pinchuk I V et al (2008) The safety of two Bacillus probiotic strains for human use. Dig Dis Sci, 53(4): 954-63

14 Tam N K., Uyen N Q . et al (2006) The intestinal life cycle of Bacillus subtilis and close relatives J Bacterid, 188(7): 2692-700

KIEN THliHC, THAI DO CUA HOC SINH VE HIV/AIDS TAI HAI TRltiNG PHO THONG TRUNG HOC THANH PHO HAI PHONG NAM 2013

NGUYIN THE VINH - Trung tim kiem dich y te Hai Phdng VU DL/C LONG - Trutfng Cao ddng Y te Hai Phdng

TOM TATNghien ciru kien thirc, thdi do v i HIV/AIDS trdn

384 hQC sinh pho thdng tai Hdi Phdng, k it qud cho th iy: H iu h it hoc sinh biet duxyc du&ng Idy truySn HIV (95,1%); Ty I$ hiSu b iit ve cdc hdnh vi nguy co lay nhiim Id khd cao > 80%; K iin thuc vS phdng Idy nhiim dat > 70%; Nguon thdng tin d ip nhdn duxyc cao nh it Id tir nhd tnr&ng: Thiy.co gido (90,4%); Tuy nhidn vdn cdn cd 21,6% cd thdi do ky thi vdi ngutri nhiim HIV.

Ti> khda: HIV/AIDS, hoc sinh, pho thdng.SUMMARYKNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE OF PUPILS ON HIV/AIDS

IN TWO HIGH SCHOOLS OF HAI PHONG CITY IN 2013Research knowledge, attitudes about HIV/AIDS

on 384 high school pupils in Hai Phong city, the results showed that most pupils know about HIV transmissions (95.1%); understanding ratio behaviors which have risk of infection is quite high >80%; knowledge about infection prevention reached > 70%; source of information which was most highly received is from schools: teachers (90.4%); However, there are still 21.6% of students still have discrimination with HIV patients.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, pupils, high school.OAT VAN OfcHIV/AIDS duac phat hien Ian dau tien vao nSm

1981 tai My va nhanh chong Ian rong tren toan ciu, trd th^nh mOt dai djch nguy hiim nhit trong Ijch su lo^i ngudi. Trong han 30 n§m qua, HIV/AIDS da khien 60 tridu ngudi trdn the gidi bi Idy nhiim va tra th^nh nguydn nhan gay tu* vong cho 30 trieu ngudi kh^c. D in thdi diim nay, dai djch HIV/AIDS tren th i gidi v in dang d iin b iin r it phuc tap. Theo udc tinh cua UNAIDS, trung binh mdi ngay th i gidi cd them khoang 7.000 ngudi nhiim HIV [6 ],[7], Tai Vidt Nam theo s i lidu cua BO Y t i cho tdi nay djch HIV/AIDS da

xuit hien d 100% tinh, thanh phi, 98% quan, huydn, thi xa va 77% x§, phu’dng, thi trin c6 ngirdi nhiim HIV. Ty Id ngudi nhiim HIV/AIDS trong nhung nam g in day c6 xu hudng giam, nhung ngirdi nhiim kh6 ng nhung chi ph i b iin d lira tu ii thanh nidn va trung nidn ma da xu it hidn d nhOng lira tu ii trd han ia nh6 m d i c6 cdc hanh vi nguy ca cao, nhit ia hanh vi quan hd tinh due khdng an toan [1 ] O i tim hiiu v in d i nay trdn d ii tuang hoc sinh, chiing tdi nghidn cau d i tai nhlm mge tidu sau: Md t i k iin thirc, thdi do ve HIV/AIDS cua hoc sinh hai trvtmg p h i thdng trvng hoc tai thdnh p h i Hdi Phdng ndm 2013.

OOl TU’ONG VA PHU’ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU1. Odi tu^ng , dja d iim va thdn gian nghidn ciru1.1. Doi tieomg nghidn c lp u : Hqc sinh cua hai

trudng trung hoc pho thdng: Ld Quy Ddn va Trudng Bach Ding, thanh ph i Hai Phdng nam 2013,

1.2. Dja d ie m n g h ie n c lp u : Nghidn ciru dirac tiin hanh tai trudng Trung hoc ph i thdng Ld Quy Odn, Phudng cat Bi, Quan Hai An, thanh p h i Hai Phdng dai didn cho khu vuc ndi thanh va trudng Trung hoc ph i thdng Bach Ding, Xa Luu Kiim, H u yd n Thuy Nguyen, thanh ph i Hai Phdng dai dien cho khu vg,c ngoai thanh.

1.3. Thdi gian nghidn c lp u : Tir 06/01/2013 din 30/07/2013.

2. Phirang ph£p nghidn ci>u2.1. Thiet ke nghien ciru: Phirang phap djch t i

hoc md ta c it ngang.2.2. Co m iu nghidn clpu

Cd m lu d iiu tra duac tinh theo cdng thirc sau: PO-P)

n - Z 1-0/2--------------d2

Trong dd: - n: Cd mlu.- Z 1 .0^: Hd s i tin cay, chon Z = 1,96 tuong irng

vdi dd tin cay ia 95%.

24 Y HOC THVC HANH (907) - SO 3/2014

- p: Ty 1$ hpc sinh c6 k iin thuc dung v i HIV/AIDS theo nghidn cuu trudc day, p = 0,9 [2],

- d: 0 0 chinh xdc mong muOn.d = 0,03.=> n = 3842.3. Phirang phip chqn m lu : Su dyng Phu’O’ng

phdp chon m iu ngiu nhidn don dua theo danh sdeh hpc sinh 2 trudng.

2.4. Phiramg phip thu th$p thdng tin- Cdng cu thu thdp thdng tin: su dyng bO phieu

diiu tra.- Cdch thu th^p: cdc d iiu tra vidn Id nhOng ngudi

c6 kinh nghi$m d iiu tra trong cOng dOng, dupe tdp huin trudc khi d iiu tra tai thuc d|a, true tilp phong vin hpc sinh vd ghi chdp vdo philu d iiu tra.

2.5. Phuvng phip phSn tich vd xCr ly so liiu- Xu ly vd phdn tich s6 lidu trdn phin mlm SPSS

13.0.K£T QUA NGHIEN Cl/U VA BAN LUANBdng 1. 0$c diim chung v l d li tupng nghidn cuu'—— K&tjjuanghidn ci>u

Q£c diim chung — — ._ S6 luvng Ty l$ (%)

Gid’i tinhNam 220 57,3NO 164 42,7

T6ng 384 100

Ncri hoc Thdnh ph6 205 53,4Ndng thfln 179 46,6

Trinh dO hoc vin

L6p 10 122 31,8Ldp 11 114 29,7Ldp 12 148 38,5

Nhdn xdt: Ting s6 hpc sinh tham gia nghidn cuu Id 384 trong d6 hpc sinh nam chiim nhiiu hon nu’ (57,3% so vdi 42,7%). Hpc sinh thdnh ph6 tham gia nghidn cuu nhiiu ngogi thdnh (53,4% so vdi 46,6 %). Ty l$ hpc sinh Idp 12 tham gia nghien cuu nhiiu nhit vdi 38,5%.

Bang 2. Ty IQ kiln thuc cua hpc sinh v i HIVKiin thuc v i HIV S6 lu ’O’n g Ty I# (%)

Bi/dng Idy truyin HIV

D u d n g m d u 6 1,6QHTD 3 0,8

Me truyin cho con 2 0,4Ca 3 d u d n g 365 95,1Khdng biit 8 2,1

* = Quan h i tinh dyeNhdn xdt: Ty l i h ilu dung cua hpc sinh v i dudng

Idy truyin Id khd cao 95,1%. K it qua nghidn ciru cua chung tdi tuong ding vdi nghidn cuu cua Khuong Vdn Duy - Hai PhOng (2005) cho k it qua 89% [2] d cung nOi dung ndy. Chung tdi cho ring sd dl c6 k it qud ndy Id do trong giai doan hidn nay cdc em hpc sinh tiip cdn dupe cdc nguin thdng tin v i HIV/AIDS tai nhd trudng vd cOng ding tuong d ii d iy du do d6 ty l | hiiu b iit cung nhu k iin thuc v i dudng Idy c6 ty l | cao.

Bdng 3. K iin thuc v i hdnh vi nguy co Idy nhiimHIV

Kidn thuc v i nguy ca Idy nhidm S6 lu’Q’ng Ty Id (%)Nhiiu ban tinh 330 85,9

QHTD' khdng dung bao cao su 331 86,2Tidm chich 323 84.1

Nhdn mdu truydn 363 94,5

Nhdn xdt: Ty Id hoc sinh b iit cdc kiin thuc co bdn v i cdc hdnh vi nguy co cd th i Idy nhiim HIV khd cao tu 84,1% - 94,5%. K it qua nghidn cuu cua chung tdi cho k it qua cao hon nghidn ciru cua Nguyin Bd Tdng (2006 - Phan Thiit) cho th iy chi cd 6 8 ,8 % hpc sinh chip nhdn su dyng bao cao su [5], Sd dT c6 su khde nhau nhu vay, chung tdi cho ring cd th i do y lu t6 vung, m iin vd do nghidn c lp u cua chung tdi duoc thuc hidn trong thdi gian g in ddy, cdng tdc tuydn truyin v i du phdng Idy nhidm duoc thuc hidn t it hon

Bang 4. Kiin thuc tu bao vd Idy nhidm HIVKien thi>c S6 liro’ng Ty Id (%)

Dung BCS’ dung cdch 294 76,6QHTD Idnh manh 283 73,7

Khdng dung chung BKT" 328 85,4* Bao cao su,** = Bom kim tidm Nhan xdt: Ty Id hpc sinh b iit cdc k iin thuc tu bao

vd phdng lay nhidm HIV Id khd cao > 70% vdi t i t cd cdc bidn phdp. Tuy nhidn th lp hon so nghidn cuu cua Khuong Vdn Duy cho k it qua su dyng BCS, su dung BKT sgch r it cao (92%) [2],

Bang 5. Nguin thdng tin t iip nhdnNgu&n thdng tin S6 li/crng Ty Id (%)

Thdy cd gido 347 90,4Cdc bgn hoc sinh 330 85,9

Sdeh gido khoa, bdo chi 278 72,4Loa, ddi, tivi 271 70,6

Nhdn xet: K it qua trdn cho th iy ty Id t iip nhdn thdng tin cao nh it tu cdc th iy cd gido Id 90,4% so vdi nghidn cuu cua Nguyin Thj VO Thdnh trdn nhdm sinh vidn dai hpc cho th iy nguin thdng tin v i HIV/AIDS md sinh vien cd dupe chu y iu Id thdng qua truyin thdng dai chung, ti vi 94%, sdeh bdo 89%. nguin thdng tin qua trudng hpc 52% [4], Su khde nhau ndy chung tdi cho ring Id do d ii tupng nghidn cuu cua hpc sinh khde vdi sinh vidn.

Bang 6 . Thdi dO d ii vdi ngudi nhiim HIV

Thdi dd S6 lirong Ty Id %Cdch ly bdnh nhdn 83 21,6

Ly doKhdng Idy cho ngi/di khde 39 47,0

Moi ngu’dri khdng muin 18 21,7De tidn chdm sdc 12 14,5

D i chdm sdc ddc bidt 14 16,8Sing chung cung benh nhdn 301 78,4

Ly do

Khdng tgo ky thj 63 20,9Khdng mdc cam 41 13,7Tien chdm sdc 44 14,6

Vi HIV khdng Idy qua sinh hogt 153 50,8

Nhan xet: Cd 78,4% hpc sinh tham gia phong v in cho b iit nen sing chung vdi ngudi nhiim HIV de khong cdn ky thj vd tidn chim sdc. Tuy nhidn cd tdi 2 1 ,6 % hpc sinh cdn thdi <J0 cho ring ndn cho ngudi nhiim d ridng. So vdi nghidn cuu cua Nguydn Bd Tdng (2006 - Binh Thudn) kit qua cho th iy da s i cdc em cd thdi do d ii xu tich eye vdi ngudi nhiim 90,7%[5]. Nghien cuu cua Ld Trong Luu (2004 - Ninh Thudn) tren nhdm hpc sinh pho thOng trung hpc k it

Y HOC THVC HANH (907) - S6 3/2014 25

qua cho th iy ti le hoc sinh co thai do dung la 64,5[3] Ket qua nghien cu-u cua chung toi kh^c voi cac tac gia kheic,c6 the ly giai dieu nay do cong t3c truyen thong tai tung thoi diem, ti>ng vung mien co nhung dac diem rieng nen ty le tiep nhan thong tin theo noi dung co sy khac nhau.

k £t lu a nNghien cuu trdn 384 hoc sinh ve kien thuc, thai

dd du phong Idy nhidm HIV/AIDS, ket qua cho thiy:- Kien thuc dung ve duong lay truyen HIV dat:

95,1%;- Kien thuc dung ve nhung hanh vi nguy ca lay

nhidm la khci cao > 80%;- Kien thuc ve ph6ng lay nhiim dat > 70%;- Nguon thong tin tiep nh$n duoc cao nh it la tu

thay co giao: 90,4%;- Con co 21,6% co thai do ky thi vOi ngudi nhiim

HIV.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO1 Cue Phong chong HIV/AIDS Viet Nam (2012), Bdo

cao tinh hinh dich HIV/AIDS tai Viet Nam Ha NO'2 Khuong V£n Duy va cs (2005) Thuc trang vS ki6n

thuc phong chong HIV/ AIDS cua dcx tirxyng hoc smh tmng hoc pho thdng d Hai Phong ndm 2005 Ha Nqi

3 Trong Luu (2004), Danh gia muc do kien thuc. thai do, va thuc hanh ve phdng chong HIV/AIDS cua hoc sinh pho thdng tmng hoc ndm hoc 2003-2004 tinh Nmh Thu$n, Ha Noi

4. Nguyen Thi Vu Thanh va CS (2005). Nghidn ci>u kien thuc, thai do. ky nSng va nguyen vong cua sinh vidn ve Phong lay nhiem HIV, H£ Noi

5 Nguyin Ba Tong (2006), Danh gia kien thuc, thdi do, thuc hanh ve HIV/AIDS cua hoc sinh phd thdng tmng hQC tai thanh pho Phan Thiet, tinh Binh Thudn ndm 2006, Ha Noi.

6 . Unaids (2011), C$p nh$t tinh hinh dich AIDS ndm 2010 unaids@unaids.org.vn.

7 WHO/UNAIDS (2010), Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic.

NGHIEN CliU MOI LIEN QUAN GIUA GLUCOSE MAU VOI THANG DIEM GLASGOW 6 BENH NHAN CHAN THUONG SO NAO NANG

TOM TATD it van de: B$nh nhan chan thuxyng so nao cang

nSng thi thang diem Glasgow cang thap. Ngoai ra tSng glucose m&u c6 the xem la mot dau hieu nguy hiem cua chan thuxyng so nao nSng. Nong do glucose m&u Ccing cao thi tien luxyng cung cang nSng Muc tieu: Khiio Scit nong do glucose m&u dr benh nhan chan thuxyng so nao nSng va tim moi tuxyng quan giu’a glucose m&u voi thang diem Glasgow o benh nhan chan thuxyng so nao nSng. Doi tuvng v i phuwng phip nghien c lpu : 1 2 0 benh nhan chan thuxyng so nao nang dieu tri tai Benh vien Trung uxyng Hue, tudi >18. Ket qua: 120 benh nhan, nam 104, nCr 16, 18-39 tuoi cd 82 benh nhan, 40-60 tuoi cd 31 b$nh nhan, tren 60 tuoi cd 7 benh nhan. Nhdm Glasgow 3-6 diem cd 35 benh nhan, nhdm benh nhan Glasgow 7-8 di4m cd 85 benh nhan. Glucose m6u o nhdm b$nh nhan Glasgow 3-6 diem la 12,65±3,53 mmol/L va nhdm Glasgow 6-7 diem la 10,77±3,04 mmol/L. Ket luan: Nong do glucose m£u cang cao, thang diem Glasgow cang thap, tien luxyng cang xau.

Tu> khda: chan thuxyng sq nao, glucose m&u, thang diem Glasgow.

SUMMARYRESEARCH RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD

GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS WITH GLASGOW COMA SCALE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Background: The patients with traumatic brain injury have low points of Glasgow coma scale. Increased blood glucose can be considered as a

NGUYiN V|£'t QUANG

dangerous sign of severe traumatic brain injury. High level blood glucose relate to the worse prognosis too. Objectives: Study of blood glucose concentrations in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and find the correlation between blood glucose with Glasgow Coma Scale in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Subjects and Methods: 120 patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated at Hue Central Hospital, age >18. Results: 120 patients, 104 males, 16 females, 18-39 years old: 82 patients, 40-60 years old: 31 patients, > 60 years old: 7 patients. Group patients with Glasgow 3-6 points: 35 patients, Glasgow 7-8 points: 85 patients. Blood glucose in patients with Glasgow 3-6 points: 12 65±3 53 mmol/L and Glasgow 7-8 points: 10.77±3 04 mmol/L. Conclusions: In severe traumatic brain patients, high blood glucose level relate to the low Glasgow coma scale. High level blood glucose relate to the worse prognosis.

Keywords: traumatic brain injury, blood glucose, Glasgow.

DAT VAN 0£Chung ta biet rdng ch in thiromg so ndo cdng

ndng, thang diim Glasgow cdng th lp. Ngodi ra, tdng glucose mau c6 th i xem Id mot d iu hidu nguy hiim d benh nhan chin thirang sq ndo, ngiriri ta nhdn th iy ring co moi lien hd giOa ning <36 glucose mdu vdn ti le ti> vong a bdnh nhdn ch in thi/omg so ndo ndng.

0 a co nhiiu bdo cdo cho th iy c6 m6 i lidn quan giOa tdng glucose mdu vd tidn liromg x lu d6 i vdn

26 Y HOC THUC HANH (907) - SO 3/2014