Khakzar 6(2007) Solar Chimneys for IRAN

8/2/2019 Khakzar 6(2007) Solar Chimneys for IRAN

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Solar Updraft Towersfor Iran

Jrg Schlaich & Gerhard Weinrebe

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Solar Updraft Towers for Iran

Introduction

Solar Updraft Tower Principle

Prototype

Technology

Collector

Tower

Turbines Cost and Ecology

Summary

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Source: Oil Depletion -Updated Through 2001 by C.J.Campbell http://www.hubbertpeak.com/campbell/update2002.htm


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Solar Radiation Resource Global Distribution


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Solar Radiation Resource Distribution in Iran

Source: Meteonorm 5.0, Meteotest, Switzerland


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gw April 2004. Data source: EIA/International

Energy Annual 2000. Solar Updraft Tower

electricity generation: 20 GWh/km

Area needed to supply all the electricity

for the world D = 970 kmfor the Middle East D = 80 km

for Australia D = 110 km

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH

There is enough


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Area needed to supply all the electricity

for the world D = 970 km

for the Middle East D = 80 km

for Australia D = 110 km

area needed to supply all electricity for

Middle East

Middle East plus major part of Asia


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Introduction


Prototype

Technology

Collector

Tower


Summary

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Principle

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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S hl i h B


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Principle of Energy Storage System

water tubes

night

translucent roof

in the soil and

the water tubesinto the air

soil

day

into the air

soil

solar radiation

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH

Schlaich Bergermann


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Power generation characteristics

- no additional storage

Autumn Winter

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerin

MW

Spring

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerinM

W

Summer

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerinM

W

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerinMW

days

1 2 3 4

days

1 2 3 4

days

1 2 3 4

days

1 2 3 4

Schlaich Bergermann


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Power generation characteristics

- additional thermal storage

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH

Australia, 200 MW name plate power

annual insolation 2000kWh/ma (or equivalent 228 W/m average)

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerinMW

Autumn Winter

0

50

100

150

200

250

powe

rinMW

Spring

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerinMW

Summer

0

50

100

150

200

250

powerinMW

days

1 2 3 4

days

1 2 3 4

days

1 2 3 4

days

1 2 3 4

Schlaich Bergermann


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Introduction


Prototype

Technology

Collector

Tower


Summary

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH

Schlaich Bergermann


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g

Solar GmbH


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Schlaich Bergermann

S l


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Solar GmbH

C i f d d l l t d thl d


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Comparison of measured and calculated monthly averaged

electricity generation of the prototype in Manzanares

energy [kWh/day]

annual energy totals:

calculated: 44.35 MWh

measured: 44.19 MWh

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

calculated

measured


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Operating times for the Manzanares prototype 1987

Total operation hours: 3'157 h

Daylight time

night operating hours: 244 h

total hours with more than 150W/m solar insolation: 3'067 h

Daily operation hours [h]

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101111121131141151161171181191201211221231241251261271281291301311321331341351361

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

scheduled outage

for special

measurements


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Operating times for the Manzanares prototype 1986 to 1989

Average daily operating times [hours]

0

5

10

15

Jul AugSep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb MarApr MayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr MayJun Jul AugSep Oct NovDecJan Feb

1986 1987 1988 1989


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Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Greenhouses in Andaluca,

Southern Spain,

El Ejido in Province Almera

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Collector Design Options

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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wind direction

pressure

suction

C = + 1.00p

C = - 0.45p

C = - 1.5p

Wind force on a cylinder

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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compression

ring

bundles of

strands

Spoked Wheel

Di t ib ti f M idi F i th W ll f th T T b


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spoked wheels at 500, 600, 850 and 1000m

-60

-45

-30

-15

0

15

3045

85

80

65

43

15

-15

-43

-65

-80

100

200

300

40050060

0700

8

00

900

1.0

00

diameter [m]

height [m]

Meridian stress

[MPa]

-60

-45

-30

-150

15

30

45

85

80

65

43

15

-15

-43

-65

-80

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1.0

00

diameter [m]

height [m]

Meridian stress

[MPa]

spoked wheel at 1000 mwithout spoked wheels

-60

-45

-30

-150

15

30

45

85

80

65

43

15

-15

-43

-65

-80

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1.0

00

diameter [m]

height [m]

Meridian stress

[MPa]

spoked wheels at 500 and 1000 m

-60

-45

-30

-15

0

15

3045

85

80

65

43

15

-15

-43

-65

-80

100

200

300

40050060

0700

8

00

900

1.0

00

diameter [m]

height [m]

Meridian stress

[MPa]

Distribution of Meridian Forces in the Wall of the Tower Tube

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Plan view and elevation of FEM Model

Deformation and Stress Distribution of the Tower support Area


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Deformation and Stress Distribution of the Tower support Area( red = areas with max. stresses )

Tower1000 0.30m

120Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Tower

Dimensions

30 0.80m

55 1.80m

550 0.30m

500 0.31m

300 0.47m

55

225

180

180

180

170

outside

intside

Solar Updraft Tower Turbines

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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for air for water

Solar Updraft Tower turbine with horizontal axis Kaplan turbine

Ref. Kaplan turbine: VATECH Hydro

Solar Updraft Tower Turbines

close relatives

air flow water flow

Ai fl d t bi


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Air flow around turbine

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Introduction

Solar Updraft Tower Principle Prototype

Technology

Collector

Tower

Turbines

Cost and Ecology

Summary

Solar Updraft Tower Electricity CostSchlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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capacity 5 30 100 200 MW

tower height 550 750 1000 1000 m

tower diameter 45 70 110 120 m

collector diameter 1250 2850 4300 7000 m

tower cost 19 49 156 170 Mio. collector cost

A10 47 107 261 Mio.

turbine cost incl. housing etc. 8 32 75 133 Mio.

engineering, tests, misc. 5 15 40 42 Mio.

total investment cost 42 143 378 606 Mio.

grant 0 0 0 0 Mio. total investment cost - grant 42 143 378 606 Mio.

annuity on investmentB

3.3 11.0 29.1 46.6 Mio.

operation & maintenance cost 0.2 0.6 1.7 2.8 Mio.electricity production C 14 88 320 680 GWh/yr

electricity cost (EC) D 0.25 0.13 0.10 0.07 /kWhnon-energy revenues 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Mio./yr

EC incl. non-energy rev. D 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.07 /kWhA

cost for unskilled labor 5 Euro/hB

depreciation time: 20 years, interest rate: 4.5%C

at 2300 kWh/(myr) global solar insolation

Solar Updraft Towers

p y

Dlevelized electricity cost (LEC)

El t i it C t I t t R t

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12%

interest rate

Le

velizedElectricityCostin/k

Wh

5 MW

30 MW

100 MW

200 MW

upper boundary depreciation time in years:

lower boundary depreciation time in years:

20

40

Solar Towers

0

5

grant in Mio. :

labor rate for unskilled work in /h:insolation in kWh/a:2300

Electricity Cost vs. Interest Rate

Environmental characteristics

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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6.7

0.61.0

0.7

3

0.7

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

lignit

e-fire

dpow

erplan

t

black

coal

powerp

lant

comb

inedc

ycle

powerp

lant

PVroof

syste

m,5MW

wind

turbi

ne,5.5

m/s

run

-of-riv

erhy

dropowerp

lant

centr

alrec

eiversys

tem

Sola

rUpdra

ftTo

wer

paraboli

ctrou

ghpowe

rplan

t(SEG

S)

greenhousegasemissionsing/kWh

0

2

4

6

8

10

energ

ypaybacktim

einyears

12

greenhouse gas emissions

energy payback time

Environmental characteristics

Schlaich Bergermann

Solar GmbH


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Summary

Based on simple proven principle: Hot air rises

Ideal for sunny arid regions, no cooling water required

Electricity generation 24h/day

High local scope of supply, added value in the country itself

Reliable simple technology Much longer life time than conventional power plants

Minimum operation & maintenance requirement

Lowest electricity cost of all solar power plants

Environmentally benign: No CO2-emissions during operation

Sustainable, affordable source of electricity

additional information at

b d


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www.sbp.de

Documents

Khakzar 6(2007) Solar Chimneys for IRAN