Keys to Successful 21 st Century Educational Leadership Chapter 14 ISLLC Standards 1-6 Lasting Reform Jazzar & Algozzine This multimedia product and its

Keys to Successful 21Keys to Successful 21stst Century Century

Educational LeadershipEducational LeadershipChapter 14Chapter 14

ISLLC Standards 1-6ISLLC Standards 1-6

Lasting ReformLasting Reform

Jazzar & AlgozzineJazzar & Algozzine

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Attracting and Retaining Highly Attracting and Retaining Highly Qualified TeachersQualified Teachers

Teacher demand between 2000-2010:Teacher demand between 2000-2010:

2,000,0002,000,000

Teacher supply between 2000-2010:Teacher supply between 2000-2010:

100,000100,000

Teacher shortage will make it harder to hire and Teacher shortage will make it harder to hire and retain qualified teachersretain qualified teachers

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Why do teachers leave?Why do teachers leave?

Complexities of teaching:Complexities of teaching: Manage classroom behaviorsManage classroom behaviors Implement school district’s curriculumImplement school district’s curriculum Follow and model school and district policiesFollow and model school and district policies Adhere to assessment proceduresAdhere to assessment procedures Communicate effectively with parentsCommunicate effectively with parents Collaborate with school team membersCollaborate with school team members


Keys to Retaining Qualified TeachersKeys to Retaining Qualified Teachers Educational Leaders must ensure that all new Educational Leaders must ensure that all new

teachers:teachers: receive feedback and encouragementreceive feedback and encouragement know expectations of lesson planning, instruction, know expectations of lesson planning, instruction,

classroom management, and school rules and classroom management, and school rules and regulationsregulations

are formally evaluated annually with periodic checks are formally evaluated annually with periodic checks throughout the school yearthroughout the school year


Portrait of Teacher RetentionPortrait of Teacher Retention

Characteristics of teachers more likely to stay:Characteristics of teachers more likely to stay:

•Mature women, elementary level, paid more for Mature women, elementary level, paid more for college, teach in smaller, suburban districts, college, teach in smaller, suburban districts, (US Dept. of Ed. (US Dept. of Ed.

Initiative On Teaching, 2000; Darling-Hammond, 200; Ingersoll, 2001; Gewertz, 2002; Normore, 2004)Initiative On Teaching, 2000; Darling-Hammond, 200; Ingersoll, 2001; Gewertz, 2002; Normore, 2004)

•Women with children, come from lower Women with children, come from lower socioeconomic class, experience a positive initial socioeconomic class, experience a positive initial experience experience (National Association of State Boards of Education, 1998)(National Association of State Boards of Education, 1998)

•Are involved in decision making, perceive that they Are involved in decision making, perceive that they have strong administrative support have strong administrative support (Kate, 2001)(Kate, 2001)


Keys to Finding and Keeping Qualified Keys to Finding and Keeping Qualified TeachersTeachers

Establish meaningful relationshipsEstablish meaningful relationships Collaborate on faculty meeting agendasCollaborate on faculty meeting agendas Participate in meaningful roles in matters of Participate in meaningful roles in matters of

curriculum and instructioncurriculum and instruction Observe colleagues and collaborate on best practicesObserve colleagues and collaborate on best practices Participate in professional development with Participate in professional development with

colleaguescolleagues

Provide administrative supportProvide administrative support Praise in public; Discipline in privatePraise in public; Discipline in private Maintain professional dignity and mutual respectMaintain professional dignity and mutual respect(Deal & Peterson, 2000)(Deal & Peterson, 2000)


Keys to Finding and Keeping Qualified Keys to Finding and Keeping Qualified Teachers (Cont’d)Teachers (Cont’d)

Foster parent-teacher relationshipsFoster parent-teacher relationships Encourage parent-teacher communicationEncourage parent-teacher communication Intervene in destructive parent-teacher contactIntervene in destructive parent-teacher contact

Support quality instructionSupport quality instruction Assign teachers to classes for which they are Assign teachers to classes for which they are

qualified to teachqualified to teach Allocate human and material resources to support Allocate human and material resources to support

delivery of instruction delivery of instruction



ProvideProvide advancementadvancement opportunitiesopportunities Promotion leads to increase in morale and motivationPromotion leads to increase in morale and motivation Provide well-articulated steps of advancement Provide well-articulated steps of advancement

through levels of responsibility, pay, and positionthrough levels of responsibility, pay, and position

Keep Workplace PositiveKeep Workplace Positive Use respectful humor to diffuse volatile situations, fact Use respectful humor to diffuse volatile situations, fact

find and problem solvefind and problem solve Create an atmosphere of caring, support, and fun in Create an atmosphere of caring, support, and fun in

the workplace the workplace o (Lezotte & Pepperl, 1999; Mattocks & Drake, 2001)(Lezotte & Pepperl, 1999; Mattocks & Drake, 2001)



Create Centers of EncouragementCreate Centers of Encouragement Recognize staff accomplishmentsRecognize staff accomplishments Encourage staff to recognize accomplishments of all Encourage staff to recognize accomplishments of all

school team members (administrators, teachers, staff, school team members (administrators, teachers, staff, students, parents)students, parents)

Network with parents and teachers to develop means Network with parents and teachers to develop means to communicate accomplishments to community to communicate accomplishments to community (newsletters, announcements, websites)(newsletters, announcements, websites)


Keys to Resolving Teacher ShortagesKeys to Resolving Teacher Shortages

Educational leaders must make data-based Educational leaders must make data-based decisions to direct school reformdecisions to direct school reform

Direction must be clearly articulated to State Direction must be clearly articulated to State Boards of EducationBoards of Education

State Board policies must support recruitment State Board policies must support recruitment and retention of qualified teachersand retention of qualified teachers

Educational leadership roles must be redefined Educational leadership roles must be redefined and clearly explained to newly hired teachersand clearly explained to newly hired teachers

Salary for new teachers and educational leaders Salary for new teachers and educational leaders must be competitive with private enterprisemust be competitive with private enterprise


Keys to Resolving Teacher Shortages Keys to Resolving Teacher Shortages cont’dcont’d

Boards of Education and Superintendents must Boards of Education and Superintendents must demonstrate high degree of integrity and effective demonstrate high degree of integrity and effective interpersonal relationships to attract and retain interpersonal relationships to attract and retain qualified teachersqualified teachers

School systems must actively recruit qualified School systems must actively recruit qualified teachers and educational leaders, providing ongoing teachers and educational leaders, providing ongoing training, support, and advancement opportunities to training, support, and advancement opportunities to retain qualified professionalsretain qualified professionals

Policy makers must support research and Policy makers must support research and dissemination of evidence-based practices and its dissemination of evidence-based practices and its use in classrooms through classroom visitations, use in classrooms through classroom visitations, conferencing, and open communication with conferencing, and open communication with educatorseducators


Addressing 21Addressing 21stst Century Dilemmas Century Dilemmas

Educational leaders must assume role of lifelong Educational leaders must assume role of lifelong learners to stay abreast of these educational learners to stay abreast of these educational advancements and discoveries:advancements and discoveries:

Mastery LearningMastery Learning Brain ResearchBrain Research Appropriate Parent InvolvementAppropriate Parent Involvement EthicsEthics Lifelong LearningLifelong Learning


Instruction and TechnologyInstruction and Technology

Sputnik (1957) launched “Golden Age” of Sputnik (1957) launched “Golden Age” of Education: develop students as problem solversEducation: develop students as problem solvers

Microcomputers became accessible for personal Microcomputers became accessible for personal and school use: students use computers as tools and school use: students use computers as tools to acquire information and produce workto acquire information and produce work

Teachers must learn how to use computers to Teachers must learn how to use computers to reach this newly “tooled” millennium studentreach this newly “tooled” millennium student

Effective leaders must encourage teachers to Effective leaders must encourage teachers to integrate technology across curriculum areasintegrate technology across curriculum areas


Keys to Effective Technology PreparationKeys to Effective Technology Preparation

Research suggests “best practice” to train Research suggests “best practice” to train teachers in effective technology use: teachers in effective technology use:

(Bowman, Newman, & Masterson, 2001)(Bowman, Newman, & Masterson, 2001)

Teachers learn in teams to lend each other Teachers learn in teams to lend each other supportsupport

Training is ongoing as opposed to “one-shot” Training is ongoing as opposed to “one-shot” workshop approachworkshop approach

Training and application opportunities presented Training and application opportunities presented during school and after school hoursduring school and after school hours


Keys to Effective Technology PreparationKeys to Effective Technology Preparation(Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Focus on integration across curriculum Focus on integration across curriculum areasareas

Training offered on flexible scheduleTraining offered on flexible schedule

Instruction has specific target objectivesInstruction has specific target objectives


Keys to Effective Technology PreparationKeys to Effective Technology Preparation(Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Best practices are shared Best practices are shared

Networking encouraged among teamsNetworking encouraged among teams

Use of technologies is modeled in schools Use of technologies is modeled in schools where training takes placewhere training takes place


Impediments to Technology ImplementationImpediments to Technology Implementation

Educational leaders must be aware of factors Educational leaders must be aware of factors identified in research as inhibitors to technology identified in research as inhibitors to technology use by teachers:use by teachers:

(Office of Technology Assessment, 1995)(Office of Technology Assessment, 1995)

Technology is inaccessibleTechnology is inaccessible

High cost of training, equipment, and maintenanceHigh cost of training, equipment, and maintenance

Complexity of applications for instructionComplexity of applications for instruction

Teachers’ and educational leaders’ apprehension Teachers’ and educational leaders’ apprehension about logistical and technical problemsabout logistical and technical problems


Impediments to Technology ImplementationImpediments to Technology Implementation(Cont’d)(Cont’d)

Few verifications of the benefits of technologyFew verifications of the benefits of technology Teachers’ accountability for implementing Teachers’ accountability for implementing

technology assisted instructiontechnology assisted instruction Past experience with outdated hardware and Past experience with outdated hardware and

softwaresoftware Perceptions of negative aspects of technology Perceptions of negative aspects of technology

(copyright, privacy issues, student access)(copyright, privacy issues, student access)


Key Questions about Technology UseKey Questions about Technology Use

Does the presence of technology influence Does the presence of technology influence learning?learning?

What is the learner’s role in technology – based What is the learner’s role in technology – based learning?learning?

How important are teachers to the success of How important are teachers to the success of technology?technology?


What the Research SaysWhat the Research Says

Some improvement noted when technology is integrated Some improvement noted when technology is integrated into core curricula into core curricula

(Mann, Shakeshaft, Becker, & Kottkamp, 1999)(Mann, Shakeshaft, Becker, & Kottkamp, 1999)

Overall, no significant academic improvement among Overall, no significant academic improvement among most students who use computersmost students who use computers

(Bulkeley, 1997)(Bulkeley, 1997)

For students with disabilities:For students with disabilities: Use of assistive technology has been shown to support Use of assistive technology has been shown to support

increased participation in general education curriculumincreased participation in general education curriculum(Erikson & Koppenhaven, 1997; Weikle & Hadadian, 2003)(Erikson & Koppenhaven, 1997; Weikle & Hadadian, 2003)

Collaborative effort among teachers is key to successful Collaborative effort among teachers is key to successful integration of technology into curriculumintegration of technology into curriculum

Zorfass & Rivero, 2005Zorfass & Rivero, 2005


Issues for 21Issues for 21stst Century Educational Century Educational LeadersLeaders

Teacher shortage: Attract, support, and retain Teacher shortage: Attract, support, and retain qualified teachersqualified teachers

Professional development: Encourage and Professional development: Encourage and model lifelong learningmodel lifelong learning

Advancements: Stay abreast of brain research, Advancements: Stay abreast of brain research, mastery learning modelsmastery learning models

Technology use: Inform use and selection with Technology use: Inform use and selection with research on effective applicationsresearch on effective applications


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Keys to Successful 21 st Century Educational Leadership Chapter 14 ISLLC Standards 1-6 Lasting Reform Jazzar & Algozzine This multimedia product and its