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KEYS OF MACROINVERTEBRATES AT A FAMILY LEVEL
Statiri X. & Lazaridou M.Lab. Of Zoology/School of Biology/A.U.Th.
TRANSLATION FROM:• Title: Rios de Bizkaia ( Bizkaia rivers)• Edited by: Instituto de Estudios Territoriales de Bizkaia• Authors: Enma Orive, Ana Rallo• Coordinators : Miren Ibargutxi Erostarbe, Pedro Luis
Emparanza Bereciartua• Collaborators in the definition of the keys: Ana Basaguren,
Emilio Martinez• Hortal, Eugenio Rico• Illustrations: Angel Dominguez
Class CRUSTACEA
3 first pairs of legs ending to a claw
2 first pairs of legs ending to a claw
Body laterally flattened
Body dorsoventrally
flattened
Order DECAPODA
Order Order
Eyes are attached to the body through a stalk
Eyes without a stalk
Φύλο MOLLUSCA
Shell consisting of one piece Shell consisting of two pieces
Shell without coiling
Shell coiled
Apex inclined to the central
axis
Apex hooked to the right
Small size, lower than 1cm
Big size, more than 1cm
Shell flat and disc-like, coiled in one
plate
Shell globe-like, not coiled in one
plate
Aperture of the shell great, occupying at least half of its
size
Aperture of the shell occupying 1/3 of its size
With operculum
Without operculum
Shell sinistral or left handed. The aperture
to the left
Shell dextral or right
handed. The aperture to
the right
Size more than 6mm that can
be 15mm.
Size lower or equal to 6mm.
Apex rounded
Apex sharp
adults Larval stages
Elongated stomatic
appendages. 1st pair of wings
partially sclerotized.
Stomatic appendages
not elongated. 1st pair of wings
completely sclerotized.
Simple eyes Compound eyes
Animal with jointed legs.
Animal without jointed legs.
Abdomen with lateral segmented gills. A
filamentous prolongation at the
extreme of the abdomen
Neither lateral gills attached to the abdomen nor a
filamentous prolongation at the
extreme of the abdomen
Last abdominal segment with 2
hooks.
Last abdominal segment without hooks or with 4
hooks.
Tails or cerci extending from the
last abdominal segment
Last abdominal segment without
cerci or tails
Labium modified, forming a
mask
Stomatic appendages elongated
Gills present on abdominal segments.
Legs ending in one claw
Abdomen without
gills. Legs with 2 claws
Class INSECTA
Gills feathery consisting of 2 branches.
Gills held on the dorsal surface of
the abdominal segments.
Gills held on the lateral surfaces
No feathery gills. Gills like a plate.
Body dorsoventrally flattened
Body not flattened dorsoventrally
Gills of small size.
Head triangular.
Gills well developed. Head more wide than
long
Gills attached to the sides of the
abdomen.
Gills on the surface of the
abdomen
Gills with one or more
filaments
Gills without
filaments
2nd pair of gills modified
to form covers
All gills are visible
Order ΕPHEMEROPTERA
Tarsus segments with increasing size (1<2<3)
The 2nd segment of tarsus has smaller size than the rest
The 1st and 2nd segment of tarsus have the same size and are
smaller than the 3rd
Order PLECOPTERA
Larval wings extending at the side of the body. 3rd pair of legs long, exceeding the abdomen’ s
length.
Larval wings parallel to the
body. 3rd pair of legs short not exceeding the
abdomen’s length
The tergites and sternites of the 8th and
the 9th somites are united
The tergites and sternites of the 8th and
the 9th somites are separated by a
membranous band
Thorax without
tufted gills
Thorax with tufted gills
Last segment of labial palps reduced and more narrow
than the previous
Last segment of labial palps
slightly narrower than the previous
Head partially sclerotized
Jaws in the same elongated axis of the body
Jaws are in vertical position regarding the axis of the body
6 or more lobes surrounding the
respiratory apertures
5 or less lobes surrounding the
respiratory apertures
Last abdominal segment
extended
Abdomen with various
prolongations or not
Kinetic appendages like pseudopods
Kinetic appendages forming washers
Anal prolongations
smaller in size than the pseudopods
Anal prolongations longer than
the pseudopods
4 curved anal
prolongations
Respiratory case surrounded by lobes more or
less fragmented
Order DIPTERA
Head completely sclerotized
6 corporal segments behind the head 9 or more corporal segments behind the head
Presence of one and only
pseudopode
Presence of 2 pseudopods
Absence of pseudopods
Pseudopod present on 1st thoracic
segment
One anal pseudopod
One thoracic and one anal pseudopod
2 abdominal pseudopod
s
Head as long as wide
Head twice longer than
broad
12 corporal segments
More than 15 corporal segments
Order DIPTERA
Thorax more wide than the
abdomen
Thorax as wide as the abdomen
Only the 1st thoracic segment completely sclerotized. 2nd and 3rd segments are soft 1st and 2nd thoracic segments sclerotized, 3rd
soft
9th abdominal segment with one dorsal sclerotized
patch
9th abdominal segment without a sclerotized patch
Strong anal hooks
Small anal hooks. Some
of them have
sclerotized patches on the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments
Anal legs consisting of
one segment
Anal legs consisting of 2 segments
3rd pair of legs long. Femur divided in two
parts
Femur of the 3rd pair of legs not divided, consisting of one
segment
Lateral protuberances of
1st abdominal segment
compressed
Protuberances of 1st
abdominal segment rounded.
Claws of thoracic legs are longer or have the same
size as tarsus
Claws of thoracic legs are short
Order TRICHOPTER
A
1st and 2nd thoracic segment completely sclerotized. 3rd thoracic segment with sclerotized patches
All 3 thoracic segments completely sclerotized
Absence of protuberances on 1st abdominal segment
Presence of protuberances on 1st abdominal segment
2 lateral protuberances. Absence of
dorsal protuberance
1st abdominal segment with 3 lateral protuberances (1
dorsal & 2 laterals
2nd thoracic segment
consisting of various
sclerotized patches
2nd thoracic segment consisting of 2
sclerotized patches
Presence of gills on thorax and abdomen
Absence of ventral gills
Abdomen wider than head and
thorax. Anal legs short
consisting of one segment
Abdomen cylindrical. Anal legs
long
3rd thoracic segment consisting of two big transverse patches
3rd thoracic segment with 2 or more small patches in
different position.
Order TRICHOPTER
A
Body wide. Abdomen ending in 5 short fully sclerotized appendages.
Body narrow. Abdomen ending in 3 long branchial laminas
Mask flat without filaments
Mask hollow with
filaments
Antennas with 4 articles
Antennas with 7 articles
Back legs shorter than the length of
the abdomen
Back legs longer
than the length of
the abdomen
1st article of the antennas has the
same size or is longer than the rest.
prementon with an elongated aperture
1st article of the antennas smaller
than the rest. prementon without
an elongated aperture
prementon with an
incision in the center
prementon without an
incision in the center
prementon with 4 filaments. Branchial laminas ending in a
threadlike apex
prementon with 6 filaments at least. Branchial laminas without a threadlike apex
Cerci longer than the branchial laminas
Cerci shorter than
the branchial laminas
Order ODONATA
Legs with 1 claw
9 abdominal segments
8 abdominal segments
Head visible
Head not visible
Last abdominal segment with gills that are retiring to
an operculum
Last segment without gills
Long antennas.
Body compresse
d
Short antennas. Body not
compressedLegs with 2
claws. Last abdominal
segment with 2 cerci
Order COLEOPTERA
(larvas)Legs with 5 articles
Legs with 4 articles
Last abdominal segment with 4
hooks
Last abdominal segment without
hooks
Metacoxas united together. Their hind part exceeds the 1st visible sternite
Metacoxas not united. Their hind part does not exceed the 1st visible sternite
Short and strong antennas. Middle
and back legs forming sculls. Eyes divided in two parts
Long antennas. Normal legs, 3rd pair of legs with long filaments.
Eyes not divided.
Antennas with 10 parts.
Broad metacoxal
plates covering part of the femurs of the 3rd pair
of legs
Antennas with 11 parts.
Metacoxal plates
narrow, do not cover part of the
femurs of the 3rd pair of
legs
Labial palps of the same size or bigger than the antennas
Labial palps shorter than the antennas
Short antennas like a club
Short and thin antennas
Hind part of the pronotum broader than the front one
Hind part of the pronotum not broader
than the front
Elytrons truncated at the hind part of the
body
Elytrons not
truncated
Pronotum with 5 elongated lines
Pronotum without elongated lines
Τάξη COLEOPTERA Ενήλικα υδρόβια
άτομα
Antennas longer than the head Antennas not longer than the head
Head narrow and long
Head normal
Antennas with 4 articles
Antennas with 5 articles
Femurs of 2nd and 3rd pair of
legs long, longer than
the abdomen
Femurs of 2nd and 3rd pair of legs not longer
than the abdomen
Tibia without hooks. Color brown-black
Tibia with hooks. Color green-
yellow
Triangular structure behind of the pronotum
visible
Triangular structure behind of the pronotum
not visible
Abdomen with a long respiratory
siphon
Abdomen without a respiratory siphon
Body compressed Body not compressed
Size < 3mm. Hind legs short
Size > 5mm. Hind legs long.
Τάξη HETEROPTERA