Key Terms of Global Key Terms of Global HistoryHistory

NOMADNOMADDefinitionDefinition: person who moves from place : person who moves from place to place in search of foodto place in search of food

ThemeTheme: Movement of people and goods: Movement of people and goods

Historical ConnectionHistorical Connection: Paleolithic period. : Paleolithic period. People traveled in small groups, and People traveled in small groups, and began to develop language, tools, and began to develop language, tools, and social structures.social structures.

CULTURAL DIFFUSIONCULTURAL DIFFUSIONDefinitionDefinition:: the exchange of ideas, customs, the exchange of ideas, customs, goods, and technologies among cultures.goods, and technologies among cultures.

Theme: Theme: Movement of people and goods. Culture Movement of people and goods. Culture and Intellectual Life. Economic systems. Science and Intellectual Life. Economic systems. Science and technology.and technology.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: People started to create People started to create alliances through trade. Communities began to alliances through trade. Communities began to develop. People began to settle in one area.develop. People began to settle in one area.

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYDefinition:Definition: tools and skills people use to meet tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs.their basic needs.

Theme:Theme: Science and technology. Turning points. Science and technology. Turning points. Change. Culture and intellectual life.Change. Culture and intellectual life.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: People started to People started to develop communities. Civilizations began to develop communities. Civilizations began to develop social systems. Government, religion, develop social systems. Government, religion, and writing.and writing.

CIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATIONDefinition:Definition: Community characterized by Community characterized by elements such as a system of writing, elements such as a system of writing, development of social classes, and cities.development of social classes, and cities.Theme:Theme: Change. Turning point. Political Change. Turning point. Political systems. Diversity and interdependence. systems. Diversity and interdependence. Science and technology.Science and technology.Historical Connection: Historical Connection: Systems of Systems of government, roads, cities, and art began to government, roads, cities, and art began to develop. Alliances and enemies began to develop. Alliances and enemies began to surface.surface.

EMPIREEMPIREDefinition:Definition: group of states or territories group of states or territories governed by one ruler.governed by one ruler.Theme:Theme: Turning point. Political system. Turning point. Political system. Nationalism. Imperialism. Culture and intellectual Nationalism. Imperialism. Culture and intellectual life.life.Historical Connection: Historical Connection: Leaders started to Leaders started to display influence over large areas of land and display influence over large areas of land and people. Political systems began to lay the people. Political systems began to lay the foundation for societies.foundation for societies.

DYNASTYDYNASTYDefinition:Definition: ruling family ruling family

Theme:Theme: Political systems. Political systems.

Historical Connections:Historical Connections: Families began Families began to display authority over long periods of to display authority over long periods of time. Egyptians were famous for dynastic time. Egyptians were famous for dynastic ruling classes.ruling classes.

PolytheisticPolytheisticDefinition:Definition: believing in many gods. believing in many gods.

ThemeTheme: Belief systems. Cultural and intellectual : Belief systems. Cultural and intellectual life.life.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: Many early civilizations Many early civilizations practiced this form of religion. The Hindu religion practiced this form of religion. The Hindu religion is polytheistic. The early Greeks and Romans is polytheistic. The early Greeks and Romans were also polytheistic.were also polytheistic.

DIRECT DEMOCRACYDIRECT DEMOCRACYDefinition:Definition: system of government in which system of government in which citizens participate directly rather than through citizens participate directly rather than through elected representatives.elected representatives.Theme:Theme: Political systems. Nationalism. Political systems. Nationalism. Historical Connection: Historical Connection: The ancient Greeks The ancient Greeks used this method of democracy. Men were used this method of democracy. Men were encouraged to participate in the day-to-day encouraged to participate in the day-to-day running of the government.running of the government.

HELLINISTICHELLINISTICDefinition:Definition: type of culture, resulting from type of culture, resulting from Alexander the Great’s conquests, that blended Alexander the Great’s conquests, that blended eastern and western influences.eastern and western influences.Theme: Theme: Change. Turning point. Geography. Change. Turning point. Geography. Political system. Imperialism. Movement of Political system. Imperialism. Movement of people and goods.people and goods.Historical Connection:Historical Connection: This assimilation This assimilation allowed Alexander to peacefully incorporate allowed Alexander to peacefully incorporate many people into the Greek world. many people into the Greek world.

REPUPLICREPUPLICDefinitionDefinition: system of government in which : system of government in which officials are chosen by the people.officials are chosen by the people.

Theme:Theme: Political system. Political system.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: The United States The United States is based on the democratic values that the is based on the democratic values that the Early Roman Republic initiated.Early Roman Republic initiated.

REINCARNATIONREINCARNATIONDefinition:Definition: in Hinduism, the rebirth of the soul in in Hinduism, the rebirth of the soul in a new body.a new body.

Theme: Theme: Belief system.Belief system.

Historical Connection: Historical Connection: This belief structure This belief structure teaches people that their actions determine teaches people that their actions determine whether or not they will return to Earth to try and whether or not they will return to Earth to try and achieve Nirvana. Gandhi was a Hindu. achieve Nirvana. Gandhi was a Hindu.

KARMAKARMADefinition: Definition: in Hinduism, all the deeds of one’s in Hinduism, all the deeds of one’s life that affect existence in the next life.life that affect existence in the next life.

Theme:Theme: Belief system. Culture and intellectual Belief system. Culture and intellectual lifelife

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: This belief is This belief is instrumental in helping the ruling class to keep instrumental in helping the ruling class to keep order by utilizing religion. The largest Hindu order by utilizing religion. The largest Hindu population is located in India.population is located in India.

DHARMADHARMADefinitionDefinition: in Hinduism, the moral and religious : in Hinduism, the moral and religious duties that are expected of an individual.duties that are expected of an individual.

Theme:Theme: Belief system. Culture and intellectual Belief system. Culture and intellectual lifelife

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: The concept of Dharma The concept of Dharma helps people to share religious values and helps people to share religious values and beliefs. It ties people together under one beliefs. It ties people together under one religious set of codes of conduct.religious set of codes of conduct.

NirvanaNirvanaDefinition: Definition: in Buddhism, union with the universe in Buddhism, union with the universe and release from the cycle of death and rebirth.and release from the cycle of death and rebirth.

Theme:Theme: Belief systems. Belief systems.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: The spread of The spread of Buddhism helped to create a way of living one’s Buddhism helped to create a way of living one’s life that was based on compassion and life that was based on compassion and kindness. Buddhism originated in India then kindness. Buddhism originated in India then spread to China.spread to China.

MONOTHEISTICMONOTHEISTICDefinition:Definition: believing in one god. believing in one god.

Theme:Theme: Belief system. Belief system.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: When the When the Hebrews were enslaved in Egypt they Hebrews were enslaved in Egypt they began to worship one god, the protector. began to worship one god, the protector. The religion they began was the The religion they began was the foundation for Judaism (Jewish).foundation for Judaism (Jewish).

MessiahMessiahDefinition:Definition: Jewish word for savior sent by Jewish word for savior sent by god.god.

Theme:Theme: Belief system. Belief system.

Historical Connection:Historical Connection: Jesus was Jesus was believed to be the new messiah sent by believed to be the new messiah sent by his father, God. The Romans and Jews his father, God. The Romans and Jews were worried about Jesus’ popularity, so were worried about Jesus’ popularity, so they crucified himthey crucified him

CaliphCaliphDefinition:Definition: successor to Muhammad as political successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslimsand religious leader of the Muslims

Theme:Theme: Belief system. Political systems. Culture Belief system. Political systems. Culture and intellectual life. and intellectual life.

Historical Connection: After the death of Historical Connection: After the death of Muhammad in 632, the Islamic faith began to Muhammad in 632, the Islamic faith began to grow in popularity throughout the Arab lands. grow in popularity throughout the Arab lands. Abu Bakr was the first caliph.Abu Bakr was the first caliph.

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

Definition: system of government in which local Definition: system of government in which local lords control their own lands but owe military lords control their own lands but owe military service and other support to a greater lordservice and other support to a greater lord

Theme: Economic systems. Political systems.Theme: Economic systems. Political systems.

Historical Connection: This practice was Historical Connection: This practice was commonly practiced during the Middle ages, or commonly practiced during the Middle ages, or medieval period (500-1400s). medieval period (500-1400s).

MANORIALISMMANORIALISM

Definition: an economic system structured Definition: an economic system structured around a lord’s manor or estate.around a lord’s manor or estate.

Theme: Geography. Economic Systems.Theme: Geography. Economic Systems.

Historical Connection: During the medieval Historical Connection: During the medieval period this was a common way for lords to keep period this was a common way for lords to keep the peasants economically tied to the farmland.the peasants economically tied to the farmland.

CHIVALRYCHIVALRY

Definition: the code of conduct followed by Definition: the code of conduct followed by knights during the Middle Ages.knights during the Middle Ages.

Theme: Belief system. Culture and intellectual Theme: Belief system. Culture and intellectual life. Justice and Human rightslife. Justice and Human rights

Historical Connections: In medieval times there Historical Connections: In medieval times there were many wars. The chivalrous code laid the were many wars. The chivalrous code laid the foundation for training knights for battle, as well foundation for training knights for battle, as well as being brave, loyal, and true to their word.as being brave, loyal, and true to their word.

SERFSERF

Definition: in medieval Europe, peasant bound to Definition: in medieval Europe, peasant bound to the lord’s land.the lord’s land.

Theme: Political systems. Justice and human Theme: Political systems. Justice and human rights. Conflictrights. Conflict

Historical Connections: In the Middle Ages the Historical Connections: In the Middle Ages the serfs were instrumental to the success of the serfs were instrumental to the success of the manor, or estate. Serfs were not slaves.manor, or estate. Serfs were not slaves.

EXCOMMUNICATEEXCOMMUNICATE

Definition: to exclude from the Roman Catholic Definition: to exclude from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church laws.laws.

Theme: Belief systems. Conflict.Theme: Belief systems. Conflict.

Historical Connection: Throughout history Popes Historical Connection: Throughout history Popes often times “kicked-out” people for not doing often times “kicked-out” people for not doing what the Church wanted them to do. what the Church wanted them to do.

SECULARSECULAR

Definition: having to do with worldly rather than Definition: having to do with worldly rather than religious matters.religious matters.

Theme: Political system. Economic system. Theme: Political system. Economic system. Justice and human rights.Justice and human rights.

Historical Connection: During the Middle Ages Historical Connection: During the Middle Ages two distinct Church's grew to power. The Roman two distinct Church's grew to power. The Roman Catholic church had authority and control over Catholic church had authority and control over medieval society outside of the church.medieval society outside of the church.

MONASTARIESMONASTARIES

Definition: community where men or women Definition: community where men or women focus on spiritual goals.focus on spiritual goals.

Theme: Belief systems. Culture and intellectual Theme: Belief systems. Culture and intellectual life. Diversity and interdependence.life. Diversity and interdependence.

Historical Connection: Monasteries were Historical Connection: Monasteries were instrumental at preserving important written instrumental at preserving important written documents, and helping the poor.documents, and helping the poor.

SHOGUNSHOGUN

Definition: in Japanese feudal system, top Definition: in Japanese feudal system, top military commander.military commander.

Theme: Belief system. Geography. Political Theme: Belief system. Geography. Political systemsystem

Historical Connection: The shoguns set up Historical Connection: The shoguns set up dynasties, and exerted control over the people.dynasties, and exerted control over the people.

DAIMYODAIMYO

Definition: in feudal Japan, warrior lords who Definition: in feudal Japan, warrior lords who held a place below the shogun.held a place below the shogun.

Theme: Belief system. Political system. Theme: Belief system. Political system.

Historical Connections: These individuals were Historical Connections: These individuals were given land to watch over by the shoguns. They given land to watch over by the shoguns. They had to lend military support in exchange.had to lend military support in exchange.

SAMURAISAMURAI

Definition: member of the warrior class in Definition: member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society.Japanese feudal society.

Theme: Belief system. Political system. Culture Theme: Belief system. Political system. Culture and intellectual life.and intellectual life.

Historical Connections: Samurai means “those Historical Connections: Samurai means “those who serve”. Samurais held strict codes of who serve”. Samurais held strict codes of conduct, loyalty and honor were stressed.conduct, loyalty and honor were stressed.

BUSHIDOBUSHIDO“The Way of the Warrior”“The Way of the Warrior”

Definition: code of conduct for samurai during Definition: code of conduct for samurai during feudal period in Japan.feudal period in Japan.

Theme: Belief system. Change. Justice and Theme: Belief system. Change. Justice and human rights.human rights.

Historical Connection: The Daimyo used a Historical Connection: The Daimyo used a samurai’s pledge to be loyal as a way to keep samurai’s pledge to be loyal as a way to keep order on their lands. order on their lands.

GUILDGUILD

Definition: A type of trade association of Definition: A type of trade association of merchants or artisans that was active in the merchants or artisans that was active in the Middle ages.Middle ages.

Theme: Economic system. Culture & intellectual Theme: Economic system. Culture & intellectual life.life.

Historical Connection: Guilds were the Historical Connection: Guilds were the equivalent of modern day unions. Guilds would equivalent of modern day unions. Guilds would protect their members and make sure their protect their members and make sure their interests were secured.interests were secured.

ApprenticeApprentice Definition: young person learning a trade from a Definition: young person learning a trade from a

master.master. Theme: Economic system. Movement of people Theme: Economic system. Movement of people

and goods.and goods. Historical Connection: families would often times Historical Connection: families would often times

give their children to a master to ensure their give their children to a master to ensure their future as a professionalfuture as a professional. .

CapitalismCapitalism Definition: Economic system in which the means Definition: Economic system in which the means

of production are privately owned and operated of production are privately owned and operated for profit.for profit.

Theme: Economic system. Movement of people Theme: Economic system. Movement of people and goods.and goods.

Historical Connection: Capitalism began to Historical Connection: Capitalism began to flourish towards the end of the Middle Ages. flourish towards the end of the Middle Ages. Merchants began to have control over society Merchants began to have control over society due to their ability to generate income.due to their ability to generate income.

HumanismHumanism

Definition: Intellectual movement at the heart of Definition: Intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on worldly the Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than religious ones.subjects rather than religious ones.

Theme: Change. Turning point. Culture and Theme: Change. Turning point. Culture and intellectual life.intellectual life.

Historical Connection: People during this period Historical Connection: People during this period began to develop theories on how to better one’s began to develop theories on how to better one’s life. Also, the arts began to flourish.life. Also, the arts began to flourish.

Common LawCommon Law Definition: Uniform system of justice, developed Definition: Uniform system of justice, developed

in England, based on court decisions that in England, based on court decisions that became accepted legal principlesbecame accepted legal principles

Theme: Political system. Justice and human Theme: Political system. Justice and human rights.rights.

Historical Connection: This belief that all men Historical Connection: This belief that all men were equal under the law was instrumental in were equal under the law was instrumental in the development of modern law making policies.the development of modern law making policies.

SultanSultan

Definition: Muslim ruler.Definition: Muslim ruler. Theme: Belief system. Political System.Theme: Belief system. Political System. Historical Connection: The Turks were the first to Historical Connection: The Turks were the first to

refer to their leaders as Sultans. Suleiman was refer to their leaders as Sultans. Suleiman was one of the most famous Turkish sultans.one of the most famous Turkish sultans.

MosqueMosque

Definition: Muslim house of worship.Definition: Muslim house of worship. Theme: Belief system. Culture and intellectual Theme: Belief system. Culture and intellectual

life.life. Historical Connection: The most famous Mosque Historical Connection: The most famous Mosque

is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic law is located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic law states that all able Muslims must make a states that all able Muslims must make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lives.pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lives.

ImperialismImperialism Definition: Domination by one country of the Definition: Domination by one country of the

political, economic, or cultural life of another political, economic, or cultural life of another country of region.country of region.

Theme: Economic system. Political system. Theme: Economic system. Political system. Conflict.Conflict.

Historical Connection: Powerful European Historical Connection: Powerful European nations began to spread their power throughout nations began to spread their power throughout the world in attempts to strengthen their controlthe world in attempts to strengthen their control. .

SepoySepoy Definition: Indian soldier serving in the army set Definition: Indian soldier serving in the army set

up by the British or French East India up by the British or French East India companies.companies.

Theme: Turning point. Political system. Theme: Turning point. Political system. Imperialism.Imperialism.

Historical Connection: When the British made Historical Connection: When the British made alliances with local Indian leaders they alliances with local Indian leaders they incorporated the locals into the Imperialistic incorporated the locals into the Imperialistic military force. Making the locals dependent on military force. Making the locals dependent on Imperial protection. Imperial protection.

ConquistadorConquistador

Definition: name, meaning “conqueror”, for Definition: name, meaning “conqueror”, for certain explorers of the 1500s and 1600s.certain explorers of the 1500s and 1600s.

Theme: Change. Turning point.Theme: Change. Turning point. Historical Connection: Hernan Cortes was one of Historical Connection: Hernan Cortes was one of

histories most famous conquistadors. He was histories most famous conquistadors. He was responsible for the destruction of the Aztec responsible for the destruction of the Aztec empire.empire.

PlantationPlantation

Definition: Large estate ran by an owner or Definition: Large estate ran by an owner or overseer.overseer.

Theme: Economic system. Geography.Theme: Economic system. Geography. Historical Connection: Slaves were the primary Historical Connection: Slaves were the primary

work force on most southern American work force on most southern American plantations.plantations.

EncomiendaEncomienda Definition: System created by Spanish Definition: System created by Spanish

government in the Americas allowing colonists to government in the Americas allowing colonists to demand labor or tribute from Native Americansdemand labor or tribute from Native Americans

Theme: Imperialism. Economic system. Conflict.Theme: Imperialism. Economic system. Conflict. Historical Connection: Conquistadors would Historical Connection: Conquistadors would

force Indians to plant crops under threat of force Indians to plant crops under threat of death. Spanish began to import African slaves death. Spanish began to import African slaves when many Indians died.when many Indians died.

MercantilismMercantilism

Definition: Economic policy by which a nation Definition: Economic policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order sought to export more than it imported in order to build its national wealth.to build its national wealth.

Theme: Economic system. Political system. Theme: Economic system. Political system. Nationalism. Nationalism.

Historical Connection: many of the early Historical Connection: many of the early European civilizations used this method to exert European civilizations used this method to exert control over colonies in the Americas.control over colonies in the Americas.