Key Research Questions:Key Research Questions:

The University of Wisconsin – MadisonThe University of Wisconsin – Madison Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center

Social, Legal and Environmental Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials (Thrust 4)Social, Legal and Environmental Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials (Thrust 4)Maria Powell, Mathilde Colin, Martye Griffin, Jeff Rudd, Frank Pfefferkorn, Kunle MofolasayoMaria Powell, Mathilde Colin, Martye Griffin, Jeff Rudd, Frank Pfefferkorn, Kunle Mofolasayo

For more information see our web site: http://www.nsec.wiscFor more information see our web site: http://www.nsec.wisc..eduedu

Are there harmful human exposures in Are there harmful human exposures in workplaces & the environment?workplaces & the environment?

Outlining Key Risk Data Gaps That Challenge Outlining Key Risk Data Gaps That Challenge Risk Assessors & Government AgenciesRisk Assessors & Government Agencies

• • What are the priority environmental health & occupational safety risk assessment What are the priority environmental health & occupational safety risk assessment data gaps related to emerging nanotechnologies?data gaps related to emerging nanotechnologies?

• • What technical, social, legal, and economic factors shape these data gaps and What technical, social, legal, and economic factors shape these data gaps and regulatory capacities to address them—and how so?regulatory capacities to address them—and how so?

• • How do data gaps affect federal and state regulatory capacities to address How do data gaps affect federal and state regulatory capacities to address environmental issues related to nanotechnology development?environmental issues related to nanotechnology development?

• • Can we build capacity among scientists, regulatory agencies, policymakers, and Can we build capacity among scientists, regulatory agencies, policymakers, and citizens to proactively address risk data gaps and other regulatory challenges? citizens to proactively address risk data gaps and other regulatory challenges?

• • Can we develop effective mechanisms for upstream citizen engagement in Can we develop effective mechanisms for upstream citizen engagement in nanotechnology development? nanotechnology development?

How can we measure/monitor How can we measure/monitor engineered nanomaterial emissionsengineered nanomaterial emissionsin air, water, soil, and workplaces?in air, water, soil, and workplaces?

Will engineered nanomaterials have adverse Will engineered nanomaterials have adverse health effects in humans and wildlife over the long term? health effects in humans and wildlife over the long term?

How can we maximize nanotechnologies’ benefits while preventing How can we maximize nanotechnologies’ benefits while preventing environmental and human health risks?environmental and human health risks?

What are the environmental fates of What are the environmental fates of engineered nanomaterials? How are they engineered nanomaterials? How are they

transformed in water, air, soil? transformed in water, air, soil?

• • Multi-agency local, state Multi-agency local, state and federal governmentand federal governmentenvironmental health & environmental health & safety working groupsafety working group

• • Developing & testing strategies forDeveloping & testing strategies formonitoring workplace exposures to nanoparticlesmonitoring workplace exposures to nanoparticles

• • Nano Cafes:Nano Cafes: engagingengaging citizens & citizens & scientistsscientists

• • Nano Cafes & Nano Risk Resource WebsitesNano Cafes & Nano Risk Resource Websites

Developing Innovative Developing Innovative Mechanisms to Engage Mechanisms to Engage Citizens, Scientists &Citizens, Scientists &Government Agencies Government Agencies in order to Proactively in order to Proactively

Address Potential Address Potential RisksRisksCitizen Education Citizen Education

& Engagement & Engagement with Scientistswith Scientists

Research PublicationsResearch PublicationsPowell, M. and Kleinman, D. 2007. Building citizen capacities for participation in technoscientific Powell, M. and Kleinman, D. 2007. Building citizen capacities for participation in technoscientific decision making: The democratic virtues of the consensus conference model. decision making: The democratic virtues of the consensus conference model. Public Public Understanding of ScienceUnderstanding of Science, 17, In Press. , 17, In Press.

Kleinman, D., Powell, M., Grice, J., Adrian, J. and Lobes, C. 2007. A toolkit for democratizing Kleinman, D., Powell, M., Grice, J., Adrian, J. and Lobes, C. 2007. A toolkit for democratizing science and technology policy: the practical mechanics of organizing a consensus conference. science and technology policy: the practical mechanics of organizing a consensus conference. Bulletin of Science, Technology & SocietyBulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 27, 154-169., 27, 154-169.

Kleinman, D. and Powell, M. 2007. Science literacy and civic engagement: Learning from a Kleinman, D. and Powell, M. 2007. Science literacy and civic engagement: Learning from a consensus conference. consensus conference. Rainer Glaser, et al (eds.), Science Communication for All, Sense Rainer Glaser, et al (eds.), Science Communication for All, Sense PublisherPublisher, In Press. , In Press.

Powell, M., Griffin, M., and Tai, S. 2007. Bottom-up risk regulations? How nanotechnology risk Powell, M., Griffin, M., and Tai, S. 2007. Bottom-up risk regulations? How nanotechnology risk data gaps challenge U.S. federal, state, and local regulatory capacities. Accepted in data gaps challenge U.S. federal, state, and local regulatory capacities. Accepted in Environmental ManagementEnvironmental Management..

Griffin, M., Edelstein, G. Meyers, J., Schrank, C., Sukup, L. and Wheat, G. 2007. Nanotechnology Griffin, M., Edelstein, G. Meyers, J., Schrank, C., Sukup, L. and Wheat, G. 2007. Nanotechnology and natural resources: Preparing the department for the present and the future. and natural resources: Preparing the department for the present and the future. White paper White paper prepared for Wisconsin DNRprepared for Wisconsin DNR..

Powell, M. 2007. New risks, old risks, or no risks? How scientists' standpoints shape their Powell, M. 2007. New risks, old risks, or no risks? How scientists' standpoints shape their nanotechnology risk frames," nanotechnology risk frames," Health, Risk, and SocietyHealth, Risk, and Society, 9(2), 1-18., 9(2), 1-18.

King Heiden, T. Dengler, E., Kao, W. J., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. 2007. Developmental King Heiden, T. Dengler, E., Kao, W. J., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. 2007. Developmental toxicity of low generation PAMAM dendrimers in zebrafish: Influence of RGD-conjugation. toxicity of low generation PAMAM dendrimers in zebrafish: Influence of RGD-conjugation. Toxicology and Applied PharmacologyToxicology and Applied Pharmacology..

Powell, M. and Kanarek, M. 2006. Nanomaterial health effects, Part 1: Background and current Powell, M. and Kanarek, M. 2006. Nanomaterial health effects, Part 1: Background and current knowledge. knowledge. Wisconsin Medical JournalWisconsin Medical Journal, 105(2)., 105(2).

Powell, M. and Kanarek, M. 2006. Nanomaterial health effects, Part 2: Uncertainties and Powell, M. and Kanarek, M. 2006. Nanomaterial health effects, Part 2: Uncertainties and recommendations for the future. recommendations for the future. Wisconsin Medical JournalWisconsin Medical Journal, 105(3), 18-23., 105(3), 18-23.

Kanarek, M. 2007. Nanomaterials health effects Part 3: Conclusion--hazardous tissue and the Kanarek, M. 2007. Nanomaterials health effects Part 3: Conclusion--hazardous tissue and the precautionary principle. precautionary principle. Wisconsin Medical JournalWisconsin Medical Journal, 106(1), 16-19., 106(1), 16-19.

Rudd, J. 2007. The Commercialization of Nanoparticles: Shifting Authority over Regulation from Rudd, J. 2007. The Commercialization of Nanoparticles: Shifting Authority over Regulation from Industry to the EPA. Accepted in Industry to the EPA. Accepted in Columbia Law ReviewColumbia Law Review. .

What types & volumes ofWhat types & volumes ofengineered nanomaterials are engineered nanomaterials are

currently being produced?currently being produced?

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

24hpf 48hpf 72hpf 96hpf 120hpf

% s

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val 0 mg/mL

0.00002mg/mL

0.0002 mg/mL

0.002 mg/mL

0.02 mg/mL

0.2 mg/mL

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0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

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4.0

24hpf 48hpf 72hpf 96hpf 120hpf

Toxi

city

0 mg/mL

0.00002mg/mL

0.0002 mg/mL

0.002 mg/mL

0.02 mg/mL

0.2 mg/mL

ToxicityToxicity

LC50 ~ 141 µM

Sublethal Effects:Sublethal Effects:

Engaging scientists, government Engaging scientists, government agencies & policymakersagencies & policymakers

Thrust 4 Projects Addressing Legal, Regulatory, and Technical Risk Thrust 4 Projects Addressing Legal, Regulatory, and Technical Risk Data Gaps and Developing Citizen Engagement MechanismsData Gaps and Developing Citizen Engagement Mechanisms

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Toxicology & Toxicology & Environmental Environmental Fate ResearchFate Research

NSEC ScientistsNSEC ScientistsCreating NovelCreating NovelNanomaterialsNanomaterials

Cd/SeCd/SeCore QDCore QD