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8/13/2019 Key Quiz SE
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QUIZ 1
In Iterative development approach, which phase takes the least cost?[A]Iterative development
[B]System estin!
"[#]Speci$ication[%]%esi!n
&hat are !eneric so$tware process models? '#hoose one([A]&ater$all, Iterative development, A!ile development
[B]&ater$all, #omponent)*ased so$tware en!ineerin!, A!ile development
[#]&ater$all, Iterative development, +treme pro!rammin! development
"[%]&ater$all, Iterative development, #omponent)*ased so$tware en!ineerin!
&hat is a so$tware process model?[A]A simpli$ied representation in a water$all
[B]A simpli$ied representation in a cycle o$ a so$tware process[#]A simpli$ied representation in a step *y step o$ a so$tware process"[%]A simpli$ied representation o$ a so$tware process, presented $rom a speci$ic
perspective
he c-rrent trends s-!!est that the economies o$ A.. developed and developin! nationsare dependent on so$tware
[A]/alse
"[B]r-e
In &ater$all approach, which phase takes the most cost?
"[A]Inte!ration and testin![B]%esi!n
[#]Speci$ication
[%]%evelopment
&hat is a so$tware process?
[A]A set o$ cycles whose !oal is the development or evol-tion o$ so$tware
[B]A set o$ steps whose !oal is the development or evol-tion o$ so$tware[#]A set o$ models whose !oal is the development or evol-tion o$ so$tware
"[%]A set o$ activities whose !oal is the development or evol-tion o$ so$tware
he distri*-tion o$ the costs o$ so$tware en!ineerin! 0 depends on the process model
that is -sed
[A]r-e
"[B]/alse
In &ater$all approach, which phase takes the least cost?
[A]%evelopment[B]Inte!ration and testin!
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[#]%esi!n
"[%]Speci$ication
&hat are essential attri*-tes o$ !ood so$tware?
[A]2aintaina*ility3 Undependa*ility3 +$$iciency3 Usa*ility
"[B]2aintaina*ility3 %ependa*ility3 +$$iciency3 Accepta*ility[#]2aintaina*ility3 +$$iciency3 Usa*ility3 4ood look and $eel
In #omponent)*ased so$tware en!ineerin! approach, which phase takes the least cost?"[A]Speci$ication
[B]%esi!n
[#]%evelopment
[%]Inte!ration and testin!
&hat are the key challen!es $acin! so$tware en!ineerin! in the 51st cent-ry? '#hooseone(
[A]he hetero!eneity challen!e, the tr-st challen!e, the li$e time challen!e"[B]he hetero!eneity challen!e, the delivery challen!e, the tr-st challen!e[#]he delivery challen!e, the tr-st challen!e, the li$e time challen!e
[%]he hetero!eneity challen!e, the delivery challen!e, the li$e time challen!e
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) QUIZ 5
&hich is the correct se6-ence o$ the $ollowin! activities in the process o$ System
evol-tion?
'1( Assess eistin! systems'5( %e$ine system re6-irements
'7( 2odi$y systems
'8( 9ropose system chan!es[A]5:;1:;7:;8
"[B]5:;1:;8:;7
[#]5:;7:;1:;8[%]5:;7:;8:;1
&hat is the main di$$erence *etween the Spiral model and other so$tware processesmodels?"[A]he eplicit reco!nition o$ risk in the Spiral model
[B]he !oal o$ *
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[#]=e6-irements doc-ment
&hat is the correct se6-ence o$ the $ollowin! iterations in the =U9'=ational Uni$ied9rocess( model?
'1( +la*oration
'5( Inception'7( ransition
'8( #onstr-ction
"[A]5 :; 1 :; 8 :; 7[B]1 :; 5 :; 8 :; 7
[#]5 :; 8 :; 7 :; 1
[%]8 :; 7 :; 1 :; 5
&hat is the o-tp-t o$ /easi*ility st-dy phase in the re6-irements en!ineerin! process?
[A]User re6-irement doc-ment"[B]=eport that recommends whether or not to contin-e development pro
[%]5:;7:;8:;1:;>
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&hich is the correct se6-ence o$ the $ollowin! activities in the #omponent)*ased
so$tware en!ineerin!?'1( #omponent analysis
'5( System desi!n with re-se '7(
=e6-irements modi$ication '8(
%evelopment and inte!ration"[A]1:;7:;5:;8
[B]1:;7:;8:;5
[#]1:;5:;8:;7[%]1:;5:;7:;8
he &ater$all approach is the B+S approach to development so$tware when
[A]Addin! some new $eat-res to a system[B]Un)sta*le re6-irement systems
[#]he so$tware system is small, -nclear re6-irements
"[%]he so$tware system is lar!e and that is need developed at several sites
hree cate!ories o$ risks are
"[A]9ro
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"[B]he critical path is the se6-ence o$ dependent activities that de$ines the time re6-ired
to complete the pro
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[%]A prototype is to *-ild 6-ickly so$tware to the c-stomer nly some $-nctional o$ the
prod-ct are completed and system tested
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QUIZ 8
&hat are non $-nctional re6-irements?"[A]#onstraints on the services or $-nctions o$$ered *y the system s-ch as timin!
constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
[B]=e6-irements that come $rom the application domain o$ the system and that re$lect
characteristics and constraints o$ that domain[#]Statements o$ services the system sho-ld provide how the system sho-ld react to
partic-lar inp-ts and how the system sho-ld *ehave in partic-lar sit-ations
&hat are !ood attri*-tes o$ re6-irements? '#hoose one(
[A]esta*le, complete, clear, inconsistent, -nam*i!-o-s[B]esta*le, complete, clear, consistent, am*i!-o-s
[#]esta*le, incomplete, clear, consistent, -nam*i!-o-s"[%]esta*le, complete, clear, consistent, -nam*i!-o-s
&hat are domain re6-irements?[A]#onstraints on the services or $-nctions o$$ered *y the system s-ch as timin!
constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
[B]Statements o$ services the system sho-ld provide how the system sho-ld react to
partic-lar inp-ts and how the system sho-ld *ehave in partic-lar sit-ations"[#]=e6-irements that come $rom the application domain o$ the system and that re$lectcharacteristics and constraints o$ that domain
&hat are system re6-irements?
"[A]A str-ct-red doc-ment settin! o-t detailed descriptions o$ the system s $-nctions,
services and operational constraints[B]#onstraints on the services or $-nctions o$$ered *y the system s-ch as timin!
constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
[#]Statements in nat-ral lan!-a!e pl-s dia!rams o$ the services the system provides and
its operational constraints
&hich are types o$ non)$-nctional re6-irement? '#hoose one(
"[A]9rod-ct re6-irements3 r!ani@ational re6-irements3 +ternal re6-irements[B]r!ani@ational re6-irements3 +ternal re6-irements3 0on)/-nctional =e6-irements
[#]r!ani@ational re6-irements3 +ternal re6-irements3 System =e6-irements
[%]User re6-irements3 r!ani@ational re6-irements3 +ternal re6-irements
&hat is the B+S way to write re6-irement doc-ment?
[A]Sho-ld incl-de C& the system will *e implemented in a speci$ication o$ the system
re6-irements
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[B]Sho-ld 0 incl-de a de$inition o$ -ser re6-irements in a speci$ication o$ the system
re6-irements[#]=e6-irement doc-ment sho-ld set o$ &CA the system sho-ld do and C& it
sho-ld do"[%]Sho-ld incl-de *oth a de$inition o$ -ser re6-irements and a speci$ication o$ the
system re6-irements
&hat are $-nctional re6-irements?
[A]#onstraints on the services or $-nctions o$$ered *y the system s-ch as timin!constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
[B]=e6-irements that come $rom the application domain o$ the system and that re$lect
characteristics o$ that domain
"[#]Statements o$ services the system sho-ld provide how the system sho-ld react topartic-lar inp-ts and how the system sho-ld *ehave in partic-lar sit-ations
&hat are -ser re6-irements?
"[A]Statements in nat-ral lan!-a!e pl-s dia!rams o$ the services the system provides andits operational constraints
[B]#onstraints on the services or $-nctions o$$ered *y the system s-ch as timin!
constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc[#]A str-ct-red doc-ment settin! o-t detailed descriptions o$ the system s $-nctions,
services and operational constraints
&hich o$ the $ollowin! re6-irement statements *elon!s to domain re6-irements?[A]St-dents can reserve a li*rary item online
"[B]here shall *e a standard -ser inter$ace to all data*ase that shall *e *ase on the
Z7D>E standard[#]he sta$$ mem*er sho-ld *e a*le to iss-e a li*rary item *y scannin! the *ar codes o$
the li*rary item and the st-dent card
[%]he -ser sho-ld *e a*le to search $or a li*rary item *y speci$yin! a key word
In reality, the distinction *etween di$$erent types o$ re6-irements is not clear)c-t
"[A]r-e[B]/alse
&hich o$ the $ollowin! re6-irement statements *elon!s to non)$-nctional re6-irements?
[A]An article in$ormation shall incl-de A-thor, itle, %escription and other relatedin$ormation"[B]he -ser inter$ace shall *e implemented as simple C2. witho-t $rames
[#]he system shall *e a*le to search either all o$ the initial set o$ data*ases or select as-* set $rom it,
[%]he system shall provide appropriate viewers $or the -ser to read doc-ments in the
doc-ment store
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Q-i@ >
&hat s the B+S way to start creatin! a data)$low dia!ram?[A]In the class dia!ram, yo- list all the classes and then wrestle with the interclass
associations, attri*-tions, operations
"[B]In the data)$low dia!ram, yo- sho-ld start *y analy@in! the overall proc-rementprocess and then move on to the analysis o$ s-*)processes
&hen sho-ld yo- -se state machine model? '#hoose one([A]State machine -sed to de$ine the *o-ndaries o$ the system, validate system
re6-irement
"[B]%escri*e how a system responses to eternal and internal events3 It shows system
states and events that ca-se transition $rom one state to another[#]State machine -sed to help the analyst to -nderstand the $-nctionality o$ the system,
comm-nicatin! with c-stomer
[%]State machine -sed in showin! the data echan!e *etween a system and other systems
in its environment
&hen sho-ld yo- -se data $low dia!rams '%/%(? '#hoose one([A]%/% is -sed to descri*in! all o$ the thin!s that can *e done with a data*ase system
[B]%/% is -sed to ill-strate the se6-ence o$ steps that m-st *e per$ormed in order to
complete a task
[#]%/% is -sed to showin! all o$ system s $-nctionalities availa*le"[%]%/% is -sed to showin! the data echan!e *etween a system and other systems in its
environment
#an two o*
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[%]#omposition
&hen sho-ld yo- -se se6-ence dia!ram? '#hoose one([A]Sho-ld -se se6-ence dia!ram to represent eception *ehavior 'when errors happen(
[B]Sho-ld -se se6-ence dia!ram to descri*in! *ranchin! *ehaviors o$ the #9GI9
network protocol[#]Sho-ld -se se6-ence dia!ram to represent all o$ the people who mi!ht -se the
$-nctionalities o$ the system
"[%]Sho-ld -se se6-ence dia!ram to ill-strate the se6-ence o$ steps that m-st *eper$ormed in order to complete a task
&hich models !ive a static view o$ a system?
[A]*
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"[#]he architect-ral sho-ld *e desi!ned to localise critical operations and minimise
comm-nications, -se lar!e)!rain rather than $ine)!rain components
&hich o$ the $ollowin! models *elon! to +vent)driven systems? '#hoose one(
[A]#all)ret-rn model, 2ana!er model
"[B]Broadcast models, Interr-pt)driven models[#]*
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&hat are advanta!es o$ eplicitly desi!nin! and doc-mentin! so$tware architect-re?
[A]Stakeholder comm-nication3 System analysis3 %etail eno-!h $or pro!rammers tocodin!
[B]Stakeholder comm-nication3 .ar!e)scale re-se3 0ot a*stract, stakeholders can
-nderstand and disc-ssion with the development team, detail eno-!h $or developers tocodin!
"[#]Stakeholder comm-nication3 System analysis3 .ar!e)scale re-se
&hat are the models in architect-re desi!n? '#hoose one(
[A]Static, %ynamic, alidation, =elationship, %istri*-tion
[B]Static, %ynamic, Inter$ace, =elationship, +vol-tion
"[#]Static, %ynamic, Inter$ace, =elationship, %istri*-tion
&hat are three !eneral architect-ral styles? '#hoose one([A]System or!anisation3 decomposition styles3 9roced-re styles
"[B]System or!anisation3 decomposition styles3 #ontrol styles[#]System or!anisation3 decomposition styles3 *
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&hich o$ the $ollowin! is 0 an approach that may *e -sed to identi$y o*
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[A]*
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[B]=e6-irement pro*lems, desi!n pro*lems, implementation pro*lems and validation
pro*lems[#]#ontract-al pro*lems, re6-irement pro*lems, implementation pro*lems and
mana!ement pro*lems[%]%esi!n pro*lems, mana!ement pro*lems, validation pro*lems and maintenance
pro*lems
&hich o$ the $ollowin! is 0 an advanta!e o$ -sin! incremental development and
delivery?[A]2ore etensive testin! o$ critical c-stomer $-nctionality
[B]+arly delivery o$ critical $-nctionality to c-stomer
[#].ower risk o$ overall pro
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[%]It is a small ta*le
he practices pair pro!rammin!, collective ownership o$ the system code, ands-staina*le pace in +treme 9ro!rammin! $it into which principle o$ a!ile methods?
"[A]9eople not process
[B]Incremental delivery[#]2aintain simplicity
[%]#-stomer involvement
[+]+m*race chan!e
&ho chooses the stories $or incl-sion in the net release *ased on their priorities and the
sched-le estimates?
"[A]#-stomer[B]%eveloper
[#]ester[%]9ro
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"[A]/alse
[B]r-e
&hich is the correct statement a*o-t 9rod-ct line architect-res?
"[A]Architect-res m-st *e str-ct-red in s-ch a way to separate di$$erent s-*)systems and
to allow them to *e modi$ied[B]Architect-res m-st *e str-ct-red in s-ch a way to incl-de di$$erent s-*)systems and
do not allow them to *e modi$ied
All o$ the $ollowin! are the desi!n choices have to *e made when re-sin! #S prod-cts
+N#+9
[A]&hich #S prod-cts o$$er the most appropriate $-nctionality
"[B]Cow will data *e echan!ed *etween di$$erent mod-les[#]Cow will data *e echan!ed *etween di$$erent prod-cts
[%]&hat $eat-res o$ a prod-ct will act-ally *e -sed
he trend o$ =e-se)*ased so$tware en!ineerin! is an approach to development that triesto
[A]%esi!n system $rom the scratch"[B]2aimi@e the re-se o$ eistin! so$tware
[#]2inimi@e the re-se o$ eistin! so$tware
[%]%esi!n system $rom ori!inal so$tware development
&hat are the *ene$its o$ so$tware re)-sin!?
[A]o have *etter so$tware in shorter d-ration, $ewer so$tware reso-rce involve in
so$tware development, easy deployment"[B]o have $aster delivery o$ system, lower cost, increased so$tware 6-ality[#]o have *etter so$tware at lower cost, shorter d-ration, $ewer so$tware reso-rce
involve in so$tware development[%]o have $ewer so$tware reso-rce involve in so$tware development, easy deployment
&hich is 0 a key $actor that yo- sho-ld consider when plannin! re-se?
[A]he criticality o$ the so$tware and it s non)$-nctional re6-irements[B]he *ack!ro-nd, skill and eperience o$ the development team
"[#]he name o$ the application or component re-se
[%]he development sched-le o$ the so$tware3 he application domain[+]he epected so$tware li$etime3 he plat$orm in which the system will r-n
All o$ the $ollowin! are types o$ pro!ram !enerator +N#+9"[A]#omponent !enerators
[B]9arser and leical analyser !enerators
[#]Application !enerators[%]#ode !enerators
&hat is the normal order o$ activities in which so$tware testin! is or!ani@ed?
[A]System test, inte!ration test, -nit test, validation test
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[B]Unit test, inte!ration test, system test, validation test
"[#]Unit test, inte!ration test, validation test, system test
he main $oc-s o$ acceptance testin! isO
[A]$indin! $a-lts in the system
[B]ens-rin! that the system is accepta*le to all -sers[#]testin! the system with other systems
"[%]testin! $rom a *-siness perspective
Unit testin! is a
"[A]&hite *o testin!
[B]Black *o testin!
[#]Stress testin!
he e$$ort re6-ired $or locatin! and $iin! an error in an operational pro!ram isO[A]Usa*ility
[B]esta*ility[#]+$$eciency"[%]2aintaina*ility
&ork*enches are also called
[A]9hases[B]Steps
[#]asks
"[%]All o$ the other choices
A pro!ram validates a n-meric $ield as $ollowsO
val-es less than 1E are re
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[A]o veri$y that the so$tware meet its re6-irements
[B]o test individ-al pro!ram components
"[#]o discover $a-lts that make so$tware s *ehavior incorrect[%]o ens-re a*o-t the per$ormance o$ the so$tware
he testin! intended to show that previo-sly correct so$tware has not *een adverselya$$ected *y chan!es is callO
"[A]=e!ression testin!
[B]Black *o testin![#]&hite *o testin!
&e split testin! into distinct sta!es primarily *eca-seO
"[A]+ach test sta!e has a di$$erent p-rpose[B]It is easier to mana!e testin! in sta!es[#]&e can r-n di$$erent tests in di$$erent environments
[%]he more sta!es we have, the *etter the testin!
&hich is the ri!ht se6-ence in the so$tware testin! process?
'1( 9repare test data'5( #reate test case
'7( 9er$orm test
'8( #reate test report
[A]5 :; 1 :; 8 :; 7[B]5 :; 8 :; 7 :; 1
"[#]5 :; 1 :; 7 :; 8
[%]1 :; 5 :; 8 :; 7
&hich o$ the $ollowin! is 0 part o$ con$i!-ration mana!ement?
[A]controlled li*rary access
[B]stat-s acco-ntin! o$ con$i!-ration items"[#]he people in the pro
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he c-stomer wants to make a chan!e to the pro
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[B]1 :; > :; 8 :; 7:;5
[#]5 :; 1 :; 7 :; 8:;>
[%]5 :; 1 :; > :; 7:;8
&hich are levels o$ protection in application sec-rity en!ineerin!? '#hoose one(
[A]Uni)level Application)level %ata*ase)level"[B]9lat$orm)level Application)level =ecord)level
[#]&indows)level Application)level %ata*ase)level
[%].in-)level Application)level =ecord)level
#onsider sec-rity desi!n $or -sername and password protection, what is the !ood desi!n?
'#hoose one(
[A]Username and 9assword cannot *e *lank Username can *e any characters"[B]System -sers are a-thenticated -sin! a lo!in nameGpassword com*ination =e6-ires
-ser chan!e password a$ter 5 months
[#]=e6-ires -ser chan!e password a$ter 5 months Username can *e any characters
[%]Username can *e any characters 9assword can *e *lank
&hat is the $irst sta!e in s-rviva*ility analysis[A]Identity so$tspots and s-rviva*ility strate!ies
"[B]=eview system re6-irements and architect-re
[#]Identi$y attacks and compromisa*le components
[%]Identi$y critical services and components
9assword sho-ld *e chan!ed
[A]n re!-lar *asis[B]&hen yo- s-spect that password is compromised
[#]&hen yo- leave the place
"[%]All o$ the other choices
&hy do we need consider sec-rity $or pro
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"[#]Identi$y so$tspots and s-rviva*ility strate!ies
[%]Identi$y critical services and components
All o$ the $ollowin! are the complementary strate!ies to achieve s-rviva*ility +N#+9
"[A]#onversion
[B]=esistance[#]=eco!nition
[%]=ecovery
%e$ine the sec-rity terms attack
[A]he possi*le loss or harm that co-ld res-lt $rom a s-ccess$-l attack his can *e loss
or dama!e to data or can *e a loss o$ time and e$$ort i$ recovery is necessary a$ter a
sec-rity *reach"[B]An eploitation o$ a systems v-lnera*ility 4enerally, this is $rom o-tside the system
and is a deli*erate attempt to ca-se some dama!e
[#]A weakness in a comp-ter *ased system that may *e eploited to ca-se loss or harm
&hich is the correct statement a*o-t inte!rity?
[A]+tent to which a pro!ram satis$ies its speci$ications and $-l$ils the -sers mission and!oals
[B]+$$ort re6-ired $or learnin!, operatin!, preparin! inp-t interpretin! o-tp-t o$ a
pro!ram
[#]+$$ort re6-ired to co-ple one system with another"[%]+tent to which access to so$tware or data *y an -na-thori@ed persons can *e
controlled
9ro*a*ility o$ a so$tware $ail-re is the
"[A]=elia*ility
[B]%e$ect rate[#]#orrectness
[%]esta*ility
9assword sho-ld *e chan!ed"[A]n re!-lar *asis
[B]&hen yo- $or!et the password
[#]&hen yo- leave the workplace[%]All o$ the other choices
1&hat was the so$tware crisis?As more power$-l hardware was introd-ced in the 1DHEs, lar!er so$tware systems were
developed hese were -s-ally late, -nrelia*le, did not meet -ser needs and cost more
than epected he pro*lems o$ prod-cin! so$tware was the so$tware crisis
5&hat are the two $-ndamental types o$ so$tware prod-ct?
4eneric prod-cts that are desi!ned to meet the needs o$ many di$$erent c-stomers
#-stomised prod-cts desi!ned to meet the speci$ic needs o$ a sin!le c-stomer
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7&hat is so$tware en!ineerin!?
An en!ineerin! discipline concerned with all aspects o$ so$tware prod-ction $romspeci$ication to system maintenance
8&hat are the $-ndamental activities in so$tware processes?So$tware speci$iation, so$tware development, so$tware validation and so$tware evol-tion
>&hat are the three !eneral paradi!ms o$ so$tware development?he water$all approach, iterative development, component)*ased so$tware en!ineerin!
H&hat are the principal components o$ a so$tware en!ineerin! method?
System model descriptions, r-les, recommendations, process !-idance
K&hat does the acronym #AS+ stand $or?#omp-ter Aided So$tware +n!ineerin!
R&hy is maintaina*ility an important attri*-te o$ so$tware?Beca-se all so$tware is s-*
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o*&hat are the development sta!es in #BS+?
#omponent analysis
=e6-irements modi$icationSystem desi!n with re-se
%evelopment and inte!ration
H&hat are the advanta!es o$ -sin! incremental development and delivery?
+arly delivery o$ critical $-nctionality to the c-stomer
+arly increments serve as prototypes to eplore re6-irements
.ower risk o$ overall pro
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17&hat are the si $-ndamental *est practices in the =U9?
%evelop so$tware iteratively2ana!e re6-irements
Use component)*ased architect-res
is-ally model so$twareeri$y so$tware 6-ality
#ontrol chan!es to so$tware
184ive $ive eamples o$ activities that can *e a-tomated -sin! #AS+
4raphical system modellin!
2aintainin! a data dictionary
4eneratin! -ser inter$aces9ro!ram de*-!!in!ranslatin! pro!rams $rom one lan!-a!e to another
1>&hat is the distinction *etween a #AS+ tool and a #AS+ work*ench?A #AS+ tool s-pports an individ-al process task s-ch as checkin! the consistency o$ a
desi!n A #AS+ work*ench s-pports sets o$ related activities s-ch as speci$ication ordesi!n
1&hat are important di$$erences *etween so$tware pro
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Activity networks show the time re6-ired to complete an activity and the dependence on
activities Bar charts show the activity timeline ill-stratin! the relative len!th o$ activities
and the dates when they take place
K&hat are three related cate!ories o$ risk?
9ro
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re6-irement $or the train *rakin! system depends on characteristics o$ the train and the
track
H&hat pro*lems can arise when re6-irements are written in nat-ral lan!-a!e?
.ack o$ clarity
=e6-irements con$-sion=e6-irements amal!amation
K&hat is the distinction *etween the termsshall and sho-ld in a -ser re6-irementsdoc-ment?
Shallnormally indicates a mandatory re6-irement
Sho-ldindicates a desira*le *-t not essential re6-irement
R&hy is it impossi*le to completely separate system re6-irements and desi!n?
he system architect-re may have to *e desi!ned to str-ct-re the re6-irements
speci$ication
+istin! systems constrain the desi!n and these constraints are re6-irementshe -se o$ a speci$ic architect-re may *e a re6-irement $or *-siness or re!-latory
reasons
D&hat are the main advanta!es o$ -sin! a standard $ormat to speci$y re6-irements?
All re6-irements have the same $ormat so are easier to read
he de$inition o$ $orm $ields mean that writers are less likely to $or!et to incl-dein$ormation
Some a-tomated processin! is possi*le
1E&hat are three types o$ inter$ace that may have to *e de$ined in a re6-irements
doc-ment?
9roced-ral inter$aces%ata str-ct-res
=epresentations o$ data
11&hat is the so$tware re6-irements doc-ment?he o$$ical doc-ment that de$ines the re6-irements that sho-ld *e implemented *y the
system developers
15.ist the re6-irements doc-ment sections s-!!ested *y the I+++ standard
Introd-ction4eneral description
Speci$ic re6-irementsAppendicesInde
1&hat perspectives may *e -sed $or system modellin!?
An eternal perspective
A *ehavio-ral perspective
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A str-ct-ral perspective
5&hat types o$ system model may *e developed?%ata $low models
#omposition models
Architect-ral models#lassi$ication models
Stim-l-sGresponse models
7&hat is descri*ed in a contet model?
he immediate eternal environment o$ the system de$inin! the system s contet and the
dependencies that a system has on its environment
8&hat is descri*ed in a state machine model?
Cow the system responds to eternal events
>&hat is a semantic data model?A model that descri*es the lo!ical str-ct-re o$ the data processed *y a system or mana!ed*y a data*ase
H&hat are the components o$ an o*
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*
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o de$ine the si!nat-res and semantics o$ the inter$aces that are provided *y an o*
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An approach to development where a pro!rammer manip-lates !raphical icons
representin! $-nctions, data or -ser inter$ace components and associates processin!
scripts with these icons
DS-!!est three ways that a so$tware prototype may *e -sed
o help with the elicitation and validation o$ re6-irementso eplore so$tware desi!n sol-tions and s-pport -ser inter$ace desi!n
o r-n *ack)to)*ack tests with the implemented system
1E&hat were the key *ene$its o$ prototypin! $o-nd in 4ordon and Biemans
st-dy? Improved system -sa*ility, a closer match to -sersneeds
Improved system 6-ality, improved maintaina*ility
=ed-ced development e$$ort
1.ist the main *ene$its o$ so$tware re-seIncreased dependa*ility
=ed-ced process risk+$$ective -se o$ specialistsStandards compliance
Accelerated development
5.ist the main pro*lems with so$tware re-seIncreased maintenance costs
.ack o$ tool s-pport
0ot)invented)here syndrome#reatin! and maintainin! a component li*rary
/indin!, -nderstandin! and adaptin! components
7&hat key $actors sho-ld *e considered when plannin! re-se?
he development sched-le $or the so$tware
he epected so$tware li$etime
he *ack!ro-nd, skills and eperience o$ the development teamhe criticality o$ the so$tware and its non)$-nctional re6-irements
he application domain
he system delivery plat$orm
8&hat is a desi!n pattern and why are patterns important $or re-se?
A desi!n pattern is a description o$ a pro*lem and the essence o$ its sol-tion hissol-tion is epressed in a !eneric way and can *e instantiated and re-sed in di$$erent
settin!s
>&hat do 4amma et al s-!!est are the $o-r essential elements o$ a desi!n pattern?A meanin!$-l name
A description o$ the pro*lem and when the pattern can *e applied
A sol-tion descriptionA statement o$ the conse6-ences o$ applyin! the pattern
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H&hat is !enerator)*ased re-se?
An approach to re-se where re-sa*le knowled!e is em*edded in a !enerator systemwhich is pro!rammed *y domain eperts to create the system An eec-ta*le system is
then !enerated
K&hat ma
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>&hat is the $-nction o$ stress testin!?
o test the $ail-re *ehavio-r o$ the systemo stress the system and *rin! de$ects to li!ht that mi!ht not normally *e discovered
H&hat tests sho-ld *e incl-ded in o*
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8&hy is it necessary to de$ine a con$i!-ration item identi$ication scheme?
Beca-se there may *e tho-sands o$ so-rce code mod-les, test scripts, desi!n doc-ments,
etc in a lar!e pro&hat in$ormation may *e incl-ded in a con$i!-ration data*ase?In$ormation a*o-t con$i!-ration items s-ch as data o$ creation, creator, etc In$ormation
a*o-t -sers o$ components, system c-stomers, eec-tion plat$orms, and proposed
chan!es to the system
H&hat are the o*
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17&hat $acilities mi!ht *e provided in system *-ildin! #AS+ tools?
A dependency speci$ication lan!-a!e and interpreterool selection and instantiation s-pport
%istri*-ted compilation
%erived o*
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D%e$ine Sso$tware development with services
he creation o$ pro!rams *y composin! and con$i!-rin! services to create newcomposite services
1E&hat is a work$low?A se6-ence o$ activities, ordered in time, that make -p a coherent *-siness processes with
each activity carryin! o-t some part o$ the work o$ that process
11&hat are the sta!es in service constr-ction *y composition?
/orm-late o-tline work$low
%iscover services
Select possi*le services=e$ine work$low#reate work$low pro!ram
est completed service or application
15&hat is the di$$erence *etween B920 and &S)B9+.?
B920 is a !raphical lan!-a!e $or de$inin! work$lows whereas &S)B9+. is a lower)level N2.)*ased lan!-a!e
17.ist $ive pro*lems in testin! service)oriented systems
Services $rom an eternal provider may chan!e so are not the services ori!inally tested%ynamic service *indin! may mean that the *o-nd service is -npredicata*le
he non)$-nctional *ehavio-r o$ the service may vary $rom time to time *eca-se o$ load
which is o-tside the tester s controlestin! is epensive i$ services are char!ed on a per -se *asis
#ompensatin! actions may *e di$$ic-lt to test
1&hat are the advanta!e o$ eplicitly desi!nin! and doc-mentin! a so$tware
architect-re?
It improves stakeholder comm-nications
It enco-ra!es a detailed analysis o$ the systemIt helps with lar!e)scale re-se
5&hat non)$-nctional re6-irements may *e in$l-enced *y the choice o$ systemarchitect-re?
9er$ormance, sec-rity, sa$ety, availa*ility, maintaina*ility
7.ist $o-r $-ndamental 6-estions that sho-ld *e addressed in architect-ral desi!nIs there
a !eneric application architect-re that can *e -sed?
Cow will the system *e distri*-ted?&hat architect-ral style or styles are appropriate?
Cow sho-ld the system *e str-ct-red?
&hat control strate!y sho-ld *e -sed?
+tc
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8&hat architect-ral models may *e developed?
A static str-ct-ral modelA dynamic process model
An inter$ace model
=elationship modelsA distri*-tion model
>&hat is the $-ndamental characteristic o$ a repository model?All shared data is held in a central data*ase that can *e accessed *y all s-*)systems
HCow is the system or!anised in a client)server model?
A set o$ services is provided *y servers and clients access and -se these services
K&hat are the two principle styles -sed $or mod-lar decomposition?*
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8&hat are the advanta!es o$ inspections over testin!?
Inspections can discover many errors In testin!, one error may mask anotherIncomplete versions o$ a system can *e inspected
Inspections can consider *roader 6-ality attri*-tes as well as pro!ram de$ects
>&hat are the sta!es in the so$tware inspection process?
9lannin!
verviewIndivid-al preparation
Inspection meetin!
=ework
/ollow)-p
H.ist the classes o$ $a-lts that sho-ld *e considered in an inspection checklist%ata$a-lts
#ontrol $a-ltsInp-tGo-tp-t $a-ltsInter$ace $a-lts
Stora!e mana!ement $a-lts
+ception mana!ement $a-lts
K&hat is a-tomated static analysis?
A process where an analysis pro!ram eamines the so-rce code lookin! $or possi*le
anomalies hese are drawn to the inspectors attention as they may represent $a-lts in thepro!ram
R&hat are the main ar!-ment $or the -se o$ $ormal speci$ication and veri$ication?/ormal speci$ication $orces a detailed analysis o$ the re6-irements so reveals errors and
anomalies /ormal veri$ication demonstrates that the pro!ram meets its speci$ication so
implementation errors do not compromise dependa*ility
D&hy do $ormal speci$ication and veri$ication not !-arantee relia*ility?
he speci$ication may not re$lect the real re6-irements o$ -sers
he proo$ may contain errorshe proo$ may ass-me a -sa!e pattern which is incorrect
1E&hat are the $ive key strate!ies -sed in cleanroom development?/ormal speci$ication
Incremental development
Str-ct-red pro!rammin!
Static veri$icationStatistical testin!
1&hat is the distinction *etween application and in$rastr-ct-re sec-rity?
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Application sec-rity the application is desi!ned to resist attacks
In$rastr-ct-re sec-rity the so$tware is con$i!-red to resist attacks
5%e$ine the sec-rity terms v-lnera*ilityand assetAI-lnera*ilityO A weakness in
a comp-ter system that 2AF *e eploited to ca-se loss or harm
AssetO A system reso-rce that has a val-e and so sho-ld *e protected
7&hat is sec-rity risk mana!ement?
Sec-rity risk mana!ement is concerned with assessin! the possi*le losses that mi!htens-e $rom attacks on assets in the system and *alancin! these losses a!ainst the costs o$
sec-rity proced-res that may red-ce the losses
8&hat are the sta!es o$ preliminary risk assessment?Asset identi$icationAsset val-e assessment
+pos-re assessment
hreat identi$icationhreat pro*a*ility assessment
#ontrol identi$ication
/easi*ility assessmentSec-rity re6-irements de$inition
>S-!!est two possi*le v-lnera*ilities when lo!inGpassword a-thentication is -sedUsers
set !-essa*le passwordsA-thorised -sers reveal their passwords to -na-thorised -sers, perhaps thro-!h some
social en!ineerin! process
H&hat $-ndamental iss-es have to *e considered when desi!nin! system architect-re $or
sec-rity?
9rotectionO Cow sho-ld the system *e or!anised so that critical assets can *e protecteda!ainst an eternal attack
%istri*-tionO Cow sho-ld system assets *e distri*-ted so that the e$$ects o$ a s-ccess$-l
attack are minimised
K&hat are the three levels o$ protection that mi!ht *e -sed in an in$ormation system?
9lat$orm)level protection
Application)level protection=ecord)level protection
R.ist $o-r desi!n !-idelines $or sec-re systems en!ineerin!Base sec-rity decisions on
an eplicit sec-rity policyAvoid a sin!le point o$ $ail-re
Use red-ndancy and diversity to red-ce risk
alidate all inp-ts'thers in /i! 7E1E(
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D&hy is it important to desi!n $or deployment?
Beca-se many sec-rity v-lnera*ilities are introd-ced when the system is con$i!-red
$or -se in its deployment environment
1E&hat deployment s-pport may *e incl-ded in a system?
S-pport $or viewin! and analysin! con$i!-rations%e$a-lt privile!e minimisation
#on$i!-ration settin! localisation
+asy ways to $i sec-rity v-lnera*ilities
11&hat are the three complementary strate!ies to achieve s-rviva*ility?
=esistance
=eco!nition=ecovery
15.ist the sta!es in s-rviva*ility analysis=eview system re6-irements and architect-re
Identi$y critical services and componentsIdenti$y attacks and compromisa*le components
Identi$y so$tspots and s-rviva*ility strate!ies
&hich system model is descri*ed in the $ollowin! !raphic?
"[A]%ata)$low models
[B]State machine models[#]#ontet models
[%]*
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S-!!est a most appropriate so$tware process model that mi!ht *e -sed as a *asic $or
mana!in! the developin! o$ the so$tware system that s-pport cate!ori@in! !oods *ased on
cons-mption pattern, trackin! payments $rom the c-stomers"[A]he water$all model
[B]All o$ the others
[#]#omponent)*ased so$tware en!ineerin! model[%]Incremental delivery model
Cow is the system or!ani@ed in a client)server model?[A]A set o$ services is provided *y clients and servers access and -se these services
[B]All o$ the others
"[#]0one o$ the others
[%]A set o$ services is provided *y servers and clients access and -se these services
&hich o$ the $ollowin! statements a*o-t the di$$erences *etween inte!ratin! testin! andcomponent testin! are tr-e?
"[A]he inte!ratin! testin! test the res-lt o$ the component while the component testin!test its internal str-ct-re[B]All o$ the others
[#]he inte!ratin! testin! tests the res-lt o$ the component interaction
[%]he component testin! tests the systems !oals that will *e applied to inte!ratin!
system
&hich o$ the $ollowin! statements a*o-t pro
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"[A]r-e
[B]/alse
I$ per$ormance is a critical re6-irement the architect-re sho-ld *e desi!ned to
"[A]locali@e critical operations and minimi@e comm-nications3 -se lar!e rather than $ine)
!rain components[B]All o$ the others
[#]incl-de red-ndant components and mechanisms $or$a-lt tolerance
[%]-se a layered architect-re with critical assets in the inner layers
&hich o$ the $ollowin! does 0 *elon! to important principles o$ a!ile methods?
[A]+m*race chan!e
"[B]9rocess not people[#]Incremental delivery
[%]#-stomer involvement
[+]2aintain simplicity
&hat are the advanta!es o$ eplicitly desi!nin! and doc-mentin! so$tware
architect-re? [A]It improves stakeholder comm-nications"[B]All o$ the others
[#]It enco-ra!es a detailed analysis o$ the system
&hich o$ the $ollowin! statements a*o-t test $irst development are tr-e?"[A]All o$ the others
[B]&hen a system $eat-re is identi$ied, the tests o$ the code implementin! that $eat-re are
written *e$ore the code[#]ests are a-tomated and all tests are r-n when a new increment is added to the system
&hat is the pro*lem that cannot arise when re6-irements are written in nat-ral lan!-a!e?[A].ack o$ clarity
[B]=e6-irement con$-sion
[#]=e6-irement amal!amation
"[%].ack o$ -sers -nderstanda*ility
All o$ the $allowin!s are main *ene$its o$ so$tware re-se +N#+9
[A]Accelerated development"[B]=ed-ce maintenance costs
[#]Increased dependa*ility
[%]=ed-ced process risk[+]+$$ective -se o$ specialists
&hich o$ the $ollowin! statements a*o-t testin! is 0 tr-e?
[A]estin! can only show the presence o$ errors in a pro!ram
"[B]Its !oal is to $i errors o$ the so$tware system
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[#]0one o$ the others
[%]It cannot demonstrate that there are no remainin! $a-lts
&hich o$ the $ollowin! statement a*o-t the two distinct phases o$ system testin! is 0
tr-e?
[A]he release testin! team treat the system as a *lack)*owhile testin![B]0one o$ the others
[#]=elease testin! where the version o$ the system to *e released to -sers is tested
[%]Inte!ration testin! where the components and s-*systems makin! -p the system areinte!rated and tested
"[+]he inte!ration team does 0 have access to the so-rce code o$ the system
&hich o$ the $ollowin! statements a*o-t +nterprise =eso-rce 9lannin! '+=9( systems is0 tr-e?
[A]Speci$ic +=9 systems are created *y con$i!-rin! a !eneric system at development
time with in$ormation a*o-t the c-stomers *-siness
"[B]+nterprise =eso-rce 9lannin! systems are very widely -sed[#]All o$ the others
&hat is the second sta!e o$ risk mana!ement process?
[A]=isk plannin!
[B]=isk monitorin!
"[#]=isk analysis[%]=isk identi$ication
Both the water$all model o$ the so$tware process and the prototypin! model can *eaccommodated in the spiral process model
[A]/alse
"[B]r-e
&hich o$ the $ollowin! is a type o$ so$tware process model that represents the roles o$ the
people involved in the so$tware process and the activities $or which they are responsi*le?
[A]An actor model"[B]An roleGaction model
[#]0one o$ the others
[%]An activity model
&hat does comp-ter science concern with?"[A]#omp-ter science is concerned with theories and methods that -nderlie comp-ters
and so$tware systems
[B]#omp-ter science is concerned with the practicalities o$ developin! and deliverin!
-se$-l so$tware[#]All o$ the others
&hat are incl-ded in a 6-ality plan?[A]he reso-rces and sched-le -sed $or system validation
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[B]All o$ the others
"[#]he 6-ality proced-res and standards that sho-ld *e -sed in a pro
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&hat key $actors sho-ld *e considered when plannin! re-se?
"[A]All o$ the others[B]he development sched-le $or the so$tware
[#]he *ack!ro-nd, skills and eperience o$ the development team
[%]he epected so$tware li$etime
Applications $rameworks are collections o$ concrete and a*stract o*
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[B]Sec-rity en!ineerin! $oc-ses on how to develop and maintain so$tware systems that
can resist malicio-s attacks that are intended to dama!e a comp-ter)*ased system or its
data"[#]Sec-rity threats can *e threats to the only con$identiality and inte!rity o$ a system
or its data
[%]Sec-rity risk mana!ement involves assessin! the losses that mi!ht ens-e $rom attackson a system and derivin! sec-rity re6-irements that are aimed at eliminatin! or red-cin!
these losses
All o$ the $ollowin! are sta!es in an o*
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[%]S-pports trans$ormation re-se
All o$ the $allowin!s are the ways that a so$tware prototype may *e -sed +N#+9"[A]o test all $-nctions o$ the completed system
[B]o r-n *ack)to)*ack tests with the implemented system
[#]o eplore so$tware desi!n sol-tions and s-pport -ser inter$ace desi!n[%]o help with the elicitation and validation o$ re6-irements
&hich o$ the $ollowin! is 0 o*
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[%]So$tware system is small, -nclear re6-irements
%omain re6-irements may *e $-nctional or non)$-nctional re6-irements[A]/alse
"[B]r-e
&hat is the *asis o$ sched-le and cost estimates in the etreme pro!rammin!?
[A]he way that the team wo-ld develop the test)$irst
[B]he overall re6-irements that c-stomer provide to the team"[#]he tasks that are *roken down *y the team $rom the scenarios or -ser stories written
cards
[%]he way that the team wo-ld per$orm code re$actorin!
he term #AS+ is the acronym o$
[A]#omp-ter Aided System +n!ineer"[B]#omp-ter)Aided So$tware +n!ineerin!
[#]#omp-tin! A-tomation System +tension
&hich is the $irst sta!e in an o*
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[%]5:;1:;7:;8
*
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[#]Stress testin!
Acceptance testin! will *e done *y[A]%eveloper
[B]9ro