Key Indicator 2008

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Cenlre lor Data and lalomationon Energy and Minerai BlI8IIIUc.

KEY INDICATOR 01INDONESIA ENERGY Ind MINERAl RESOURCES

Ministry Energ, and Milleral Bnourc.


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32

DIRECTORY OFTHE MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCESThe Ministry of Energy and Mineral ResourcesJI. Medan Merdeka Selatan No.18 Jakarta Pusat 10110Phone: (021) 3804242www.esdm.go.idmenteri.esdm.go.id

SecretaryGeneralJI. Medan Merdeka Selatan No.18 Jakarta Pusat 10110Phone: (021) 3804242setjen.esdm.go.idInspectorate GeneralJI. Patra Kuningan Raya No.1 BJakarta Selatan 12950Phone: (021) 5202441itjen.esdm.go.id

Directorate General of Oil and GasJI. H.R. Rasuna Said Kav. B-5 Jakarta Selatan 12910Phone: (021) 5269027www.migas.esdm.go.id

Directorate General of Electricity and Energy UtilizationJI. H.R. Rasuna Said BlockX-2 Kav. 7&.8 Jakarta Selatan 12950Phone: (021) 5256064www.djlpe.esdm.go.idDirectorateGeneral of Mineral, Coal and GeothermalJI. Prof. Dr. Supomo. SH No.10 Jakarta Selatan 12870Phone: (021) 8292115www.djmbp.esdm.go.id

Agency for Research and Development of Energy andMineral ResourcesJI. Ciledug Raya. Kebayoran Lama Jakarta Selatan 12950Phone: (021) 5228374www.litbang.esdm.go.id

Agency for Education and Training in Energy andMineral ResourcesJI. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 49 Jakarta Selatan 12950Phone: (021) 5255863www.diklat.esdm.go.idAgency of GeologyJalan Diponegoro No. 57 Bandung, Jawa BaratPhone: (022) 7215297www.bgl.esdm.go.id

KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY andMINERAL RESOURCES

KEY INDICATOR OFINDONESIA ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

DATA AND INFORMATION CENTREFOR ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCESMINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES2008


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Table L.9.WorldMajor Coal ConsumingCountries, 2006

27.8

59.7

94.597.7

57.1

86.0

208.0573.7

125.3

614.33

280.36

585.71514.53

857.60

1,311.4

6,017.695902.751,704.361,293.171,246.76

Million Ton

Million TOEBOE

Source: BP Statistical Review2008

Country

Country

Table L.10.World MajorC02 Emission, 2006 (Energy Sector)

South Africa

China

ChinaUSA

USA

South Korea

Canada

South Korea

Poland

Germany

Indonesia

Russia

Russia

India

United Kingdom

India

Indonesia

JapanGermany

Source: www.eta.doe.goy, 2008

KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGYandMINERAL RESOURCES 31


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Table L.8.WorldMajor Coal Producing Countries, 2006

ii114778

101112121415161617182020222223242627

CONTENT .FOREWORD .A. Resources Status .

A.1. Energy Resources Status .A.2. Coal and Mineral Resources Status .

B. Production .B.1. Primary Energy Production .B.2. Final Energy Production .B.3. Mineral Production .

C. Primary Energy Supply .D. Export .0.1. Primary Energy .0.2. Final Energy .0.3. Mineral Export .

E. Primary Energy Import .E.1. Primary Energy Import .E2. Final Energy Import .

F. Energy Consumption .G. Energy Intensity .H. Energy Price .I. Investment and State Income .1.1. Investment Development .

1.2. State Income .1.3. Energy Subsidy .

J. Carbon Dioxide Emission .K. Indonesia in Figures .

CONTENT

258.6

738.0

399.4

553.1479.0

860.8

2847.26,949.9

1,079.21,310.1

DOOlan/Day

-

Source: BP Statistical Review2008

Source: BP StatIstIcalReview 2008-ountryAustralia

USA

Kazakhstan

China

Indonesia

South AfricaRussia

Poland

India

Germany

Country

Table L.7.WorldMajor Coal Reserves

Australia

Other European Countries &EurasiaKazakhstanUkraine

India

Russia

South Africa

USA

China

Indonesia

4

8

4

10

16

30 KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGYand MINERAL RESOURCES


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Table L.6.World Major Natural Gas Consuming Countries, 2006

Table L.S.World MajorNatural Gas Producing Countries, 2006

7.07.3

6.86.5

8.78.0

52.858.8

10.817.8

Bill. Cu Ft/ Day

Bill. Cu Ft I Day

Source: BP StatisticalReview 2008

2,447.7

2,680.4

2 56.5

6,488.1

3,167.1

21,451.8

Bill. CubicFeet

BiII.CubicFeet

Country

Country

Algeria

USA 23,058.0 63.2Russia 15,496.3 42.5Iran 3,949.6 10.8Canada 3,318.0 9.1England 3,228.9 8.8Japan 3,186.6 8.7Germany 2,922.2 8.0Italy 2,748.6 7.5Saudi Arabia 2,680.4 7.3Indonesia 1,193.8 3,3

Source: BP StatisticalReview 2008

USA

England

Norwegia

China

Iran

Saudi Arabia

Canada

Russia

Indonesia

24

4

4

11

FOREWORD

Jakarta, January 2008Center for Data and Information on Energy and Mineral Resources(Pusdatin ESDM)

We hope that this publication will be beneficial to all readersand we would highly appreciate any comments and suggestionsto fur ther improve the next edi tion of Energy and MineralResources Indicator.

The objective of publishing the Energy and Mineral ResourcesIndicator is to provide information on some major data andinformation including production, consumption, export andimport of energy and mineral resources. It also providesinformation on investment development in the energy and mineralresource sectors, energy subsidy, energy pricing and thedevelopment of national income. This second edition of theEnergy and Mineral Resources Indicator also elaborates theposition of Indonesian energy and mineral resources in relationto several other countries. The Energy and Mineral ResourcesIndicator is presented in the form of tables and graphs with shortdescription of annual data and information.

The Data and Information Centre for Energy andMineral Resources(Pusdatin ESDM) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources(DESDM) was previously established in 2001 under the name ofthe Centre fo r Energy Information (PIE). With the Ministerregulation Number 003012005 on Organization and Proceduresof DESDM, PIE was renamed to Pusdatin. Since 2002, the centrehas published the Indonesian Energy EconomyStatistic Handbook.Since 2007, Pusdatin published the Energy and Mineral ResourcesIndicator as one of the key reference to meet the public demandfo r a summary of data and information on energy and naturalresources.

ii KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES 29


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Proven Potential

Crude Oil Resources(BillionSTB)

10

3

A. Resources StatusA.1. Energy Resources StatusIndonesian crude oil reserves (proven and potential) declinedabout 14.47% from 9.61 billion barrel in 2000 to 8.22 billionbarrel in 2008. The proven reserves itself was 3.75 bill ionbarrel in 2008, declining 26.81% from 2000.Natural gas reserves (proven and potential) was 170.1 TSCFin 2008, decreased of about 0.12% from 2000, whereasproven reserves increased about 18.73% from 94.75 TSCFin 2000 to 112.5 TSCF in 2008There are still some possibilities to increase the reservevalue because only 16 out of 60 hydrocarbon basins havebeen producing oi l while 7 basins have been explored butnot yet in production state. Out of the remaining 36 basins,15 have been explored but economic reserves are yet to befound, while the remaining 22 basins have not been explored.These basins are highly attractive to be further developeddue to current global crude oi l prices.

o2 00 0 2 00 1 2 00 2 2 00 3 2 00 4 2 00 5 2 00 6 2007 2008

58

2,6992,393

2,192

2,371

2,748

2,303

5,0517,855

1,157

215,07253.03

211.08

20,698

981.75904,06

186,99181.87159.45105.94

1,576.75

000 BarrellDay

Source: BP Statistical Review 2008

Source: BP StatisticalReview2008

Trillion CubicFeet (TeFlountry

USA

Table L.3.WorldMajor Crude Oil ConsumingCountries, 2007

Russia

VenezuellaNigeria

Saudi Arabia

Table L.4.World Major Natural Gas Reserve, 2006

Algeria

United Arab Emirates

QatarIran

Indonesia

Country

Canada

Germany

China

Brazil

USA

Russia Federation

South Korea

IndiaJapan

Indonesia

4

768

20

28 KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES


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K. Indonesia in Figures

4.4

79.4

97.8

39.841.5

87.0

264.2

115.0138.4

101.5

969.0

2,915.02,626.0

3,743.0

3,309.0

9,978.06,879.0

3,477.0

4,401.0

10,413.0

Billion Barrel

Source: BP StatIstIcal Review 2008

353.n958.42Source: BP Statistical Review2008

2,510.94

3,800.643,641.98

1,269.18

1,606.39

1,063.931,207.66

1,366.33

. .-ountry

Countries

Table L.2.World Largest Crude Oil Producing Countries, 2007

Table L.1.World Largest Oil Reserves Countries, 2007

5audi Arabia

Kazakhstan

United Arab EmiratesVenezuela

Kuwait

Russia

Indonesia

IranIraq

Russia

Kuwait

Canada

U5A

U n ~ e d Arab Emirates

China

5audi Arabia

Mexico

Iran

Indonesia

4

98

21

Potential Proven

20015010050o2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Natural Gas Resources(TSCF)

Most of the unexplored oil basins are located in deep sea,mainly in the eastern partof Indonesia. In order to increaseexploration activit ies in these potential areas, thegovernment enhanced seismic survey activities andencouraged private sectors to conduct not only 2D but also3D seismic survey. The data from the surveys are thenanalyzed to be an important factor in offering new oil andgas exploration areas to the contractors.Indonesia also has a huge potential of coal bed methane(CBM) resources, of which 453,3 TCF (92% of which classifiedas highly prospective) are mostly located in South Sumatra(183 TCF), Barito (101.6 TCF), Kutai (8004 TCF), CentralSumatra (52.5 TCF) and other areas such as Tarakan, Berau,Ombilin, PasirlAsem, Bengkulu, Sulawesi and North WestJava

2 KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY andMINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY andMINERAL RESOURCES 27


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J. Carbon Dioxide EmissionCarbon Dioxide (C02) emission from the energy sectorincreased by 5% in average over the last couple of years inline with an increase of energy use. C02 emission in 2000reached 244.31 millions tons and increased to 323.04 millionstons in 2007.Carbon dioxide emission from the industry and electricitygeneration sectors in 2000 reached 81.44 millions tons and59.8 millions tons respectively and increased to 117.06mil l ions tons and 93.63 mil lions tons. The same trend isalso shown in the household and commercial sectors as wellas transportation sectors.

C02 Emission from Energy Sector(Million Toni

350

30 0

250

200

15 0

10 0

50

Geothermal Resources andReserves/ 2007 (MWe)

Possible40%

Probable4%

Prove n8%

Around 40% of the world's geothermal resources are locatedin Indonesia. The active volcanic belt in Indonesia, measuring7,000 km in length and 50-200 km in width distr ibutesgeothermal energy resources along the volcanic lines ofSumatra, Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), NorthernSulawesi and Maluku.Most of the geothermal energy resources are located at thebase or old caldera area of volcanoes.

2000 2001 2002 2003

Power Plant& Commercial and I-busehok:liii Other

2004 2005

Industry Transportation

2006 2007 Indonesia's total geothermal energy potential is equivalentto 27,601 MW of electricity. Of this total, 11,135 MW isconfirmed as probable reserve, 1,050MW as possible reserveand 2,288 MW as proven reserve. The remaining 13,128MWare still speculative and hypothetical resources.

26 KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY andMINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATORof INDONESIA ENERGY andMINERAL RESOURCES 3


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2008

Realization2006 2007

Target2004 2005

Target and Realization of Electricity Subsidy(Trillion Rp)

r-

f-

r- - - r-- r-- r-- r-

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Target _ Realization

Target and Realization of Fuel Subsidy(Trillions Rp)

40

80

25+----------.,

50 f----------

120

Potential metallic mineral resources are mostly found involcanic rock and intrusive rock, and several found insedimentary rock. Potential metallic mineral resources andreserves are found in 437 locations in western and easternparts of Indonesia. However, detailed exploration andproduction have not been carried out in al l locat ions.Non metallic mineral resources potential can b e found involcanic rock , int rusive rock, sedimentary rock andmetamorphic rock of all ages. Non metal minerals arecommodities having important roles as raw materials inmanufacturing, construction and agricultural industries.

Beside geothermal energy, Indonesia has also hydro powerpotential of about 75 GW, mini/micro hydro potential of459 MW, wind energy potential of 9 GW, solar energypotential of 4.8 kWh/m2lday and biomass potential of 49GW electricity equivalent.

Indonesia's 2008 total coal resources areestimated at 104.76bill ion tons, located in 12 coal seams over 6 provinces.Major coal deposits in Indonesia are located in Sumatra(50,1 %) and Kalimantan (49,6 %). The remaining aredistributed i n Java, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua.

A.2. Coal andMineral Resources Status

Several metallic minerals that are already in production inIndonesia are bauxite, primary gold, alluvial gold, nickel,iron sand, s ilver, copper, manganese (Mn) and tin.

Note:2009 : according to 2009 state budgetFuel subsidy consists of premium, kerosene, diesel,LP dan carry over.



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State Income f r om m ini ngSector(Trillion Rp)

Millions Tons

2008

. .104,756.83

Resources

2006 2007 Reserves. Resources

Indonesian Coal Resources(Status 2008)

Island

Coal Resources & Reserves(Billion Ton)

2005a

50

150

100

Java 14.21 naSumatra 52,436.56Kalimantan 51,917.41 7,230.56Sulawesi 233.10Maluku 2.13 NaPapua 153.42TOTALna = not available or still underdetailed exploration stage

2008007006005004

10

45403530

2015

25

1.3. Energy SubsidyFuel and electricity subsidy, is still needed due to the relativelylow purchasing power of the people and to accelerate economicdevelopment. Subsidy will be continuously decreased anddiverted from price subsidy to directsubsidy in order to providesubsidy to the right target.Subsidy allocation is determined by the volume of subsidizedfuel and world crude oil prices; the higher the crude oil price,the bigger the subsidy. The governmentwill continue to decreasesubsidized fuel which is then substituted with other sourcesof energy, such as LPG and coal briquettes.In 2005, petroleum fuel subsidy was recorded at 95.6 billionRupiah, decreasing to 60.5 billion Rupiah in 2006 and 43.4billion Rupiah in 2007, following decreasing use of subsidizedfuel. Electricity subsidy in 2005 amounted to 10.5 billionRupiah, increasing to 27.5 billion Rupiah in 2006, which thendecreased to 25.8 billion Rupiah in 2007.



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Mineral Resources of Indonesia(Status 2007)

Type ofMineralNickelB a u x ~ eCooperIron SandManganeseTInPrimary GoldPlacer GoldSilverMercuryleadlink

Millions Tons

Value1,415,058,000.00597,536,760.0068,960,881.20

165,108,793.979,091,105,05653,890.80

4,208.79123

508,189.0275.91

1,426,352,825,960,022,66

In the electridty sub-sector, investment increased by 23.33%from US$2,637 mill ion in 2005 to US$3,253 million in 2006and by 2.06% to US$3,320 million in 2007.1.2. State IncomeState income from the energy sector mainly comes from oiland gas sub-sector. Since 2004, the energy sector has beencontributing about 30-42% of the total state income.The foreign exchange earning is determined, among others,by the crude oil and condensate production volumes, exportvolume, oi l price and the exchange rate.

State I n come f r om O il and Gas(Tr i l l ion Rp)

35 0

30 0

25 0

20 0

15 0

10 0

50

a

PrimaryIron 368,493,173.95 2004 2005 20 06 2007 2008

lateritic IronCobaltPrimaryChromitePlacer ChromitePlatinumMolibdenum

1,565,195,899.301,354,829,001,642,925,005,767,099,00

13,031.00211,500,00

In 2005, the state income from the upstream and downstreamoil and gas sub-sectoramounted to 138 trillion Rupiah, increasing38.9% in 2006 to 192 trillions Rupiah. In 2007, the state incomedecreased by around 2.7% to 187 trillion Rupiah from previousyear. The contribution of mining sub-sector (mineral and coal)also increased by 68.6% from 17.69 trillions Rupiah in 2005 to29.82 trillions Rupiah in 2006 and increased by 12.8% to 37.34trillions Rupiah in 2007.



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I. Investment and State Income1.1. Investment DevelopmentInvestment in energy and mineral sector shows a significantincrease during the last 3 years as a resul t of a moreconducive investment climate in Indonesia. In 2005,investment in both upstream and downstream oil and gassub-sector amounted to US$8,516 million, increasing by13.46% in 2006 to US$ 9,663 million and increased by 4.37%in 2007 to US$ 10,085 million.

Inves tment(Mi l l ion USD)

20,000

15,000

10,000 1----,=- _

5,000

a2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

... Coal, Minera l and Geo the rmalII Electricityiii Oil an d Gas

The mineral, coal and geothermal sub-sector investmenthave been very volatile between 2006 - 2008, 1,456 millionsUS$ in 2006 (increase of 35%); 1,252 millions US$ (decreaseof 16%) an 1,654 millions US$ (increase of 32%).

B. ProductionB.1. Primary Energy ProductionThe 2007 oil and condensate production was 954.4 millionsbarrel!day, 5% lower than the 2006 production level. Thisdecrease is a result of decreasing oil production from theold main oil wells. However, the average depletion rate hasbeen minimized from more than 10% to about 5% in the lastseveral years. This achievement is due to additionalproduction capadties from new oil fields and the applicationof technologies, such as Enhanced Oil Recovery, pressuremaintenance and efficiency on the operhating oil wells.Gas production decreased to 2.81 MMSCF from 2.95MMSCFlast year due to the same reason as oil.Coal production increased by 16% peryear in average duringthe last 5 years in linewith increasing domestic and exportdemands. At 2007coal production increase to 217 millionton.Geothermal steam util ization remains stable in the lastcouple or years and is used to generate electricity.

Primary Energy Production(Million BOE)

2,1001,8001,5001,200900600300o

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007iii Coal iii CrudeOil iii Natural gasiii Hydro Power iii Geothermal iii Biomass



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Final Energy Produc t ion(Mi l l ion BOE)

Electricity Price(Rp/KWh)

500+- ,.

800 -r-------------

Price of Subsidized and Non-SubsidizedPetroleum Product (Rupiah)'ea, 1Oao ZOll1 zaoz 1003 ZOIM -21106 1007 Z.SLbslil( 1,038 1,300 1,673 1,810 1,810 1,1!l4 4,soo 4,500 4,920Non-SLbslllt 1,480" 2,006 2,100 2,210 S,513 5 ,982 7 ,735SLbslil( 298 386 1,346 1,813 1,800 1,857 2,000 2,000 2,150

Non-SLbslllt 1,858 1,989 2,200 2,284 5,569 5,842 8,805SLbslil( 563 814 1,319 1,668 1,650 1,714 4,llO 4,300 4,646

Non-SLbslllt 1,71J7 1,944 2,100 2,186 5,765 5,482 8,792SLbslil( 513 875 1,283 1,666 1,650 1,743

Non-SLbslllt 1,758 1,904 2,050 2,137 5,139 5,665 8,434SLbslil( 363 650 1,047 1,568 1,560 1,656

Non-SLbslllt 1,452 1,575 1,589 1 ,696 3 ,441 3,8n 5,810

Notes:.. Year 2002 : Subsidized pricewas 50-75% market price. Non-subsidizedpricewas 100% market price.. Year 2003 - 2007 : Subsidized price was the domestic retail price. Non-Subsidized price was th e p ri ce f or industries.. Non-subsidized premium price was o nl y f or January 2002.From February - December, the price of subsidized and non-subsidized wassimilar.

iii Br ique tiii Elect ric i ty

I i I lNGiii 88 M

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007iii LPGIIII No n Fuel

B.2. Final Energy ProductionFinal energy is produced largely from domestic refineriesand electricity generation.Pangkalan Brandan have stopped operating since 2007.Tuban refinery is operated to maintain supply at a capacityof 100 MBPD. The 2008 Indonesian refinery capacity is 1,152million barrels per day, located in Sumatra (Dumai, S.Pakning, Musi), Java (Balongan, Cepu, Cilacap, Tuban),Kalimantan (Balikpapan), and Irian Jaya (Kasim). Theserefineries produce several oi l products, such as avtur,gasoline, industrial diesel oil, automotive dieseloil, keroseneas well as non petroleum products such as LPG, naphtha,HOMC, lube base oil and LSWR.

GOO

80 0

20 0

40 0

In addition t o o il refineries, there are currently two gasrefineries, namelyArun in NAD and Badak in East Kalimantan,which produce LNG and LPG. The installed capacity of LNGArun refinery is 12.85 million tons/year, while the installedcapacity of LNG Badak refinery is 21.64 million tons/year.

20 00 2001

tI Household

.... .... ....... ...2002 2003 2004 2 005 20 06 2007

_Industry 1 Commercial



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Electric i ty Product ion(GWh)

5 2. 5% 5 3. 0% 5 3. 0

Electrification Ratio(PT.PLN)

2000 2001 2 00 2 2 00 3 2004 2005 2 00 6 2 00 7 Steam PP Diesel PP Combined Cycle PP Hydro PP Geothermal PP Oil Fired Gas Turbine PP

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

15

30

45

Energy pricing policy is gradually reaching economic prices.At present, some of the o il o r petroleum product priceshave reached its economic price and is following marketprice developments, except fo r three types of oi l fuel:kerosene, premium gasol ine, and diesel oi l fo r publictransportation and household, which are still being subsidized.

This quota decreases every year as part of the diversification,energy conservation policy and fuel-switching program toother non oil fuel energy sources, such as natural gas andcoal fo r electricity generation, gas and bio fuel fo rtransportation, coal briquette for industry and LPG fo rhouesehold needs.

Final Energy intensity in 2007 was 0.294 BOE/Millions Rupiahor slightly lower from 0.292 BOE/Millions Rupiah in 2006.The final energy use intensityin 2007 was 2.56 BOE/capitaor slightly decrease from the 2006 figure of 2.43 BOE/capita.

Energy intensity shows the amount of primary energy supplyor final energy use to produce economic variable such asGDP. The smaller the energy intensity, the more efficientenergy is used to produce certain GDP. The energy intensitytends to fluctuate with minor changes.

H. Energy Pri ce

G. Energy Intensity



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Electricity production in 2007 was 142.4 thousand GWh, anincrease of 57% from the 2000 production level. Electricityis generated from fossil fuel and non fossil fuel fired powerplants with a total installed capacity of 31.4 thousand MW,consisting of PLN as well as non-PLN power plants.The electrification ratio supplied from PLN power plants in2007 was 64.3 %and which increased to 66% in 2008.

B.3. Mineral ProductionProduction of 10 main mineral commodities generally showfluctuating numbers and is determined by demand and priceof mineral commodi ty in international market.Production of several minerals; such as nickel ore, Ni+Coin matte, gold and silver increased in 2007; while productionof copper, bauxite, ferro nickel, tin metal are still stable.Gold and silver production increased from 85.4 thousandtons and 261.4 thousand tons, respectively in 2006 to 117.9thousand tons and 269 thousand tons in 2007.The 2007 production of tin concentrate and bauxite decreasedby 18% from 81 thousands tons and 1.5 millions tons in 2006to 66 thousands tons and 1.3 millions tons respectively.Copper production also decreased by 2% from 818 thousandtons in 2006 to 797 thousands tons in 2007.

Consumption of Final Energy by Sector(Million BOE)

600

400

200

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Industry Household i i iT ra nsportation Other Non Energy II Commercial

The high oil fuel consumption was mostly due to limitednon oil fuel energy supplies and the fact that some petroleumfuel types is still being subsidized, especially the gasoline(premium type), kerosene and diesel o il fo r public(transportation and household sectors) and small scaleenterprises. For those subsidized petroleum fuels, thegovernment determines aquotabased on thorough estimationof petroleum fuel demands.

Energy Intensity

Q 34 Q 34 0 . . 32 -0 . 30 -0 . . 31 . -0 . . 309 -0 . 2 . 92 -0 , -294 - 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

-+-BOE! Million Rp ~ B O E / C a p i t a



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400 , - ------------------350 1---------.----=------

_ Silver_Gold

Mineral Production(Thousand Ton)

o

_Coppe r _Baux ite _Nikelore- F e r r o Nikel -N i+Co in Matte -Tin

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

8,000 ,------------------------,

6,000 t ~ ~ i ~ i ~ . ~ i ~ ~ = . = f f : : i,000 I

100

2,000 1-.-.-.-.-.-...._

so

lVIineral Production(Thousand Kg)

Note:Bar Chart: Left AxisLine Chart: Right Axis

0.59 1.17. ..95 0 .28

Im po r t o f F in a l E n e r g y(M i l l i on BOE)

Consumption of Final Energy(Mill ion BOE)

15 3 ---..r Sv-- - - - < O ~ o L7 _~ : : ; = = : . ; ?

F. Energy ConsumptionFinal energy consumption is considered equal to domesticenergy sales. Energy consumption was dominated bypetroleum fuel and coal. The petroleum fuel share in thefinal energy mix amounts to 52.2%, followed by coal (includingbriquette) 20.3%, gas (13.3%), electricity (12.4%) and LPG(1.8%).

C. Primary Energy SupplyDuring the 1980s, oil share in the national energy mix wasabout 70% and continuously decreased to about 49.7% in2007. In contrast, the share of coal increased continuouslyto 27% in 2007. Natural gas share remains at a steady levelof 20%. The share of geothermal and hydro power in theprimary energy mix were still limited at less than 5% each.LPG

2006 2007003 2004 2005

_Gas _Electricily

2000 2001 2002

F ue _Coal

200 c. - - ._ - - - I t- - - -e- -+-+- ._- - - I I - -250 f l -- i l -- I - - -150 c. - - ._ - - - I t- - - -e- -+-+- ._- - - I I - -100 f I - : : , - - - - - t - -1I- - t - - t - - - I - - I : : - -1._-



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Primary Energy Supply(Million BOE)

The high domestic use of oil is due our high oil dependencein the existing energy infrastructure which affects ourl i festyle, especially in the industrial and transportationsectors.

~ C o a lCrude Oil

-,II--lI!!-!!I- ...--lI!!-lI!!-lI!!-lI!!-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

o . ~ ~ 0.13 0.08 0.16 0.41 0 .41 0.46 0.2:8

Crude oil import in 2007 was about 115.8 million barrels,or a decrease of 0.4% compared to 2006. This decrease wascaused by, among others, the increase use of non oil fuelconsumption in electricity generation.Coal import was carried out i n very limited amounts,especially the high calorie coal (cokes) which are used insteel factories.

1m po rt o f Prim ar y Energy(Mi l i ionBOE)

'6 4------- ' -37-- ,Ir414B, - ~ ~ - - - - -117 12;"---'!'---'!'16 116--- . . . . . . . 't .-79/ . ..+---------------

E2. Final Energy Import2007 final energy import, especially petroleum fuel, wasrecorded at about 149.9 million barrels, or an increase of19% compared to 2006. Meanwhile the 2007 LPG import was137.8 thousands tons, an increase of 99.7% from 2006. Thisincrease is due to the kerosene to LPG conversion program.Petroleum fuel import consists of HSD (High Speed Diesel),ADO (Automotive Diesel Oil), kerosene (for household andaviation turbo oil / Avtur), High Octane Mogas Component(HOMC), premium and others in small amounts. These areimported from the Middle East, Singapore, Malaysia andother countries.

2007005 21lO6II Hydro PowergCoal

2003 2004gGeothermalgCrude O

2001 2002iii BiomassI Natural Gas

201lO

200

8001,0001,200

400600

1,400

Limited natural gas infrastructure to transport gas fromproduction fields which are mainly found in Sumatra andKalimantan to the demand centers mainly located in Javahas hindered the optimum use of gas. Meanwhile, biomassenergy is used in the form of fire wood in rural areas.

D. Export0.1. Primary EnergyExport of energy, especially fossil energy (oil, gas and coal),is intended to earn foreign exchange to finance the nationaldevelopment.



18/19

o-J--.....- . . . .-__.--.....- .. .- ....- ....2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7

25

35

15

800 ,---------------------,- 45

400 + - - - - - - - - - - : ; " , . . . . = - - ,-----_.-_.--a-I

_ CrudeOil _ Coal '-A-'Natural Gas (Pipeline)

Export of Primary Energy(Mill ion BOE)

200

600 +----------.,...,;:---.,


19/19

0.2. Final EnergyExport of final energy, especially petroleum fuel, continuesto decrease due to the domestic increase use of oil fuel.Export of LNG during the last five years from 2002 to 2007experienced fluctuating levels. Export of LNG in 2002 was196 million BOE (equivalent to 27.3 million tons). In 2003the export of LNG decreased by 11% to 210,871 thousandsBOE.The export of LNG then increased by 8% to 203,246 thousandBOE in 2004. The export of LNG fell by an average of 5%for the following three years to 190 million BOE in 2005, to180 million BOE in 2006 and 167 million BOE in 2007. Exportof LNG duringthe last five years decreased from 26.01 tonsin 2002 to 20.85 tons in 2007. The decrease of LNG exportwas due to the decreasing production of LNG from existinggas f ields, whi le new gas fields were still in preparation.Export of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is carried out largelythrough long term contracts with Japan, China, Taiwan,and South Korea as the main market.Export of LPG during the last three years generally indicatea decrease. LPG export in 2005 was 1,015,366 tons, fallingdrastically to 289,698 tons in 2006 and 268,511 tons in 2007.LPG export is only a small percentage of the total finalenergy export, resulting from increasing domestic use ofLPG.Export of non petroleum fuel products such as HOMC, wax,lube base oil and other products are also limited. Exportof non petroleum fuel products showed fluctuating numbers,however during 2003 to 2007 period tended to decrease.

Export of Final Energy(Mill ion BOE)

250 -,-------------------, 15

13200

11

150

100

50

o2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

_LNG _Non Fuel -a-LPG _Fuel

Note:Bar Chart: Left AxisLine Chart: Right Axis

0.3. Mineral ExportExport of some major mineral commodities such as nickelore, tin, gold and silver showed an increase in 2007,meanwhile export of copper and bauxite declined.Export of nicke l ore in 2007 was 4.3 million tons, or anincrease of 60% from the 2006 level. Export of gold increasedby 40% in 2007 to 119.6 thousand tons from 2006. Likewise,the export of silver in 2007 was recorded at 244 thousandtons, inc reased by 10% from t he expor t in 2006.


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Key Indicator 2008