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WHAT IS LIFE? Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

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Page 1: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

WHAT IS LIFE?Key concepts:

What characteristics do all living things share?Where do living things come from?

What do living things need to survive?

Page 2: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

List in your journal what you know about living things.

What is this?

It is a slime mold. It grows and is found usually on damp, decaying material in a forest floor.

Page 3: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

What are the characteristics of all living things?

1. Have a cellular organization 2. Contain similar chemicals 3. Use energy 4. Respond to their surroundings 5. Grow and develop 6. Reproduce

Page 4: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Cellular organization

All living organisms are made of small building blocks called “cells”.

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

Page 5: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

How do we see cells?

Most must be seen with the aide of a microscope. That is why you are learning how to use one.

Page 6: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

How many cells are in organisms?

Some are composed of only one (1) cell! These are called “unicellular”, or single-

celled organisms. These are the most numerous in the

world and include bacteria.

Page 7: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

How are these unicellular cells made up?

As you can see, there are many parts. Each part has an important job to do to keep the bacteria cell alive. Many of the parts in a unicelluar bacteria, are also found in the multi-celled organisms.

Page 8: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Draw this:

Flagella & pili-movement. Capsule is to protect-jelly-like and sticky. Cell Wall -to keep the cell in shape and also protect. Cytoplasm-jelly-like fluid that fills the inner bacteria.

Page 9: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Multicellular organisms

These are composed of many cells and the cells are specialized to do a certain task.

Your body has literally trillions of cells. You have muscle and nerves cells, brain

cells, bone and skin cells—get the picture?

Muscle cells take messages from the nerve cells that take messages from the brain and you move!

Page 10: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

The chemicals of life

Most abundant is water! Carbohydrates are your energy source Proteins are your building materials as

well as lipids—a fancy word for FAT. Nucleic acids are the genetic materials

that give instructions to your cells. This is your DNA!

Page 11: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Energy Use

It takes energy to complete all the jobs a cell must do—like grow and repair any injured parts. Your body is busy right now and cells are regenerated all the time. Your stomach may be digesting food or your mind wandering into last night’s adventure instead of thinking about science!!

Page 12: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Your blood cells are taking oxygen to your organs:

White blood cells are fighting infection and bacteria in your body.

White blood cells are like soldiers in an army to protect your body.

Page 13: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Response to Surroundings

Anytime a change in an organism’s surroundings causes the organism to react, this is called a stimulus. The plural of this word is stimuli.

Examples of a stimulus would include any change in temperature, light, sound, and can include other factors also.

An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response—an action or change in behavior.

Page 14: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Stimulus and response

You either jump away to avoid getting milk on you or cry over “spilled milk”—ha, ha!

The sudden spilling of the milk caused your reaction or response.

Page 16: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Reproduction

To produce offspring that are similar to the parents.

Apples produce seeds that produce apple trees.

Robins produce baby robins. Mildew on your bathroom tile will produce

more mildew if you do not clean it off! YUK!

Page 17: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Turn to your textbook page 10A and read 10A-11A.

What you should have found out: Living things arise from living things

through reproduction Spontaneous generation is a mistaken

idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources.

Flies from decaying meat came from eggs laid on the meat in the jar w/o a lid.

The manipulated variable in this controlled experiment was a lid or not a fly.

Page 18: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Francesco Redi’s experiment

Page 19: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Pasteur’s experiment

Page 20: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

The needs of living things

Flies, bacteria, and all organisms have the same basic needs as you.

Food, water, living space, and stable internal conditions (homeostasis=internal balance).

Page 21: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Food

This is the source of energy Plants capture the sun’s energy and use it to make food.

Organisms that can make their own food are called “Autotrophs”. They can make their own food from the sun.

Organisms that cannot make their own food are called “heterotrophs”. They must obtain their energy by feeding on others.

They use sun’s energy also but it comes from consuming other organisms that have eaten the sun’s energy. What does this remind you of? A food chain

Page 22: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Remember the Food Chain

Page 23: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Water

This goes without saying! You cannot live without water for very long at all.

Water carries important chemicals that the organisms need. H2O is Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Water can dissolve more chemicals than any other substance on earth. Blood carries many chemicals to the body that have been dissolved in the water in blood. (food, oxygen, to cells and carries waste CO2 out of the cells).

Page 24: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Living Space

A place for shelter whether in a tree or Anarctic or a desert.

Page 25: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

More about living space

Space is limited on Earth. Trees in a forest compete with other trees for sunlight and their roots compete for water and minerals from the soil.

Animals compete for caves and space in a tree for a home.

Every living thing must compete for their needs in order to live.

Page 26: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Stable Internal Conditions

Conditions inside the body must be stable. If the temperature goes up outside, your body still must remain at 96.8 degrees or your cells may suffer damage. In order to keep you cool, what does your body do for you?

Perspire or “sweat” to cool you off.

Page 27: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

What does your body do if you are exposed to hours of sun and wind?

Your brain tells you that you are thirsty and to get a drink of water.

Page 28: Key concepts: What characteristics do all living things share? Where do living things come from? What do living things need to survive?

Study your notes!

Remember: The six characteristics of living things. Cellular organization, similar chemicals, energy

use, response to surroundings, growth and development and reproduction

The concept of spontaneous generation. The mistake that living things can arise from

nonliving things. What four things do all living things need to

survive? A source of energy (food), water, living space,

and a stable internal condition.