Key Concepts for the DBQ

8/9/2019 Key Concepts for the DBQ

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Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignmentsc. 1900 to the Present

Key Concept 6.1 Science and the n!ironment

". Researchers made rapid ad!ances in science that spread thro#gho#t the$orld% assisted by the de!elopment o& ne$ technology.

A. New modes of communication and transportation virtually eliminated the problemof geographic distance.

B. New scientific paradigms transformed human understanding of the world (suchas the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, the Big Bang theory orpsychology).

C. he !reen "evolution produced food for the earth#s growing population as itspread chemically and genetically enhanced forms of agriculture.

$. %edical innovations (such as the polio vaccine, antibiotics or the artificial heart)increased the ability of humans to survive.

&. New energy technologies (such as the use of oil or nuclear power) raisedproductivity and increased the production of material goods.

"". '#mans &#ndamentally changed their relationship $ith the en!ironment.

A. 'umans eploited and competed over the earth#s finite resources more intenselythan ever before in human history.

B. !lobal warming was a maor consequence of the release of greenhouse gasesand other pollutants into the atmosphere.

C. *ollution threatened the world#s supply of water and clean air. $eforestation anddesertification were continued consequences of the human impact on theenvironment. "ates of etinction of other species accelerated sharply.

""". (isease% scienti&ic inno!ations and con&lict led to demographic shi&ts.

A. $iseases associated with poverty (such as malaria, tuberculosis or cholera)persisted, while other diseases (such as the ++ influen-a pandemic, ebola or'/ 0 A$1) emerged as new epidemics and threats to human survival. naddition, changing lifestyles and increased longevity led to higher incidence ofcertain diseases (such as diabetes, heart disease or Al-heimer# s disease).

B. %ore effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over fertility andtransformed seual practices.

C. mproved military technology (such as tan2s, airplanes or the atomic bomb) andnew tactics such as trench warfare or firebombing) led to increased levels of

wartime casualties (such as Naning, $resden or 'iroshima).

Key Concept 6.) Global Con&licts and *heir Conse+#ences

". #rope dominated the global political order at the beginning o& the )0 th cent#ry% b#t both land,based and transoceanic empires ga!e $ay to ne$&orms o& trans,regional political organi-ation by the cent#rys end.

A. 3lder land4based empires (such as the 3ttoman, "ussian or the 5ing) collapsed



due to a combination of internal and eternal factors (such as economichardship, political and social discontent, technological stagnation or militarydefeat).

B. 1ome colonies negotiated their independence (such as ndia or the !old Coastfrom the British &mpire).

C. 1ome colonies achieved independence through armed struggle (such as Algeriaand /ietnam from the 6rench empire or Angola from the *ortuguese empire).

"". merging ideologies o& anti,imperialism contrib#ted to the dissol#tion o&mpires.

A. Nationalist leaders (such as %ohandas !andhi, 'o Chi %inh or 7wame N2rumah)in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.

B. "egional, religious and ethnic movements (such as that of %uhammad Ali 8innah,the 5uebecois separatist movement or the Biafra secessionist movement)challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.

C. ransnational movements (such as communism, *an4Arabism or *an4Africanism)sought to unite people across national boundaries.

$. 9ithin states in Africa, Asia and :atin America, movements promoted communismand socialism as a way to redistribute land and resources.

""". Political changes $ere accompanied by ma/or demographic and socialconse+#ences.

A. he redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population resettlements (such asthe ndia0*a2istan partition, the ;ionist 8ewish settlement of *alestine or thedivision of the %iddle &ast into mandatory states).

B. he migration of former colonial subects to imperial metropoles (such as 1outh Asians to Britain, Algerians to 6rance or 6ilipinos to the <nited 1tates)maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole

even after the dissolution of empires.C. he proliferation of conflicts led to genocide (such as Armenia, the 'olocaust,

Cambodia or "wanda) and the displacement of peoples resulting in refugeepopulations (such as the *alestinians or $arfurians).

". 1ilitary con&licts occ#rred on an #nprecedented global scale.

A. 9orld 9ar and 9orld 9ar were the first =total wars.= !overnments usedideologies, including fascism, nationalism and communism, to mobili-e all of their state#s resources, including peoples, both in the home countries and the coloniesor former colonies (such as the !ur2ha soldiers in ndia or the AN;AC troops in

Australia), for the purpose of waging war. !overnments also used a variety of

strategies, including political speeches, art, media and intensified forms ofnationalism, to mobili-e these populations.

B. he varied sources of global conflict in the first half of the century included>imperialist epansion by &uropean powers and 8apan, competition for resources,ethnic conflict, great power rivalries between !reat Britain and !ermany,nationalist ideologies, and the economic crisis engendered by the !reat$epression.

C. he global balance of economic and political power shifted after the end of 9orld



9ar and rapidly evolved into the Cold 9ar. he <nited 1tates and the 1oviet<nion emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological struggles betweencapitalism and communism throughout the globe.

$. he Cold 9ar produced new military alliances, including NA3 and the 9arsaw*act, and promoted proy wars in :atin America, Africa and Asia.

&. he dissolution of the 1oviet <nion effectively ended the Cold 9ar.

0.Altho#gh con&lict dominated m#ch o& the )0th cent#ry% many indi!id#alsand gro#ps , incl#ding states , opposed this trend. Some indi!id#als andgro#ps% ho$e!er% intensi&ied the con&licts.

A. !roups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century (such as *icassoin his Guemica, the antinuclear movement during the Cold 9ar or hich 5uang$ue by self4immolation), and some promoted the practice of nonviolence (suchas olstoy, !andhi or %artin :uther 7ing) as a way to bring about politicalchange.

B. !roups and individuals opposed and promoted alternatives to the eisting

economic, political and social orders (such as the Non4Aligned %ovement, whichpresented an alternative political bloc to the Cold 9ar? the iananmen 1quareprotesters that promoted democracy in China? the Anti4Apartheid %ovement? orparticipants in the global uprisings of +@).

C. %ilitaries and militari-ed states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts inways that further intensified conflict (such as the promotion of military dictatorshipin Chile, 1pain and <ganda? the <nited 1tates# promotion of a New 9orld 3rderafter the Cold 9ar? or the buildup of the =military4industrial comple= and armstrading).

$. %ore movements (such as the "A, &A or Al45aeda) used terrorism to achievepolitical aims,

&. !lobal conflicts had a profound influence on popular culture (such as $ada,

8ames Bond, 1ocialist "ealism or video games).

Key Concept 6.2 3e$ Concept#ali-ations o& Global conomy%Society and C#lt#re

". States% comm#nities and indi!id#als became increasingly interdependent% aprocess &acilitated by the gro$th o& instit#tions o& global go!ernance.

A. New international organi-ations (such as the :eague of Nations or the <nitedNations) formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate internationalcooperation.

B. New economic institutions (such as the %6, 9orld Ban2 or 93) sought tospread the principles and practices associated with free mar2et economicsthroughout the world.

C. 'umanitarian organi-ations (such as <NC&6, the "ed Cross, Amnestynternational, $octors 9ithout Borders or 9'3) developed to respond tohumanitarian crises throughout the world.

$. "egional trade agreements (such as the &uropean <nion, NA6fA, A1&AN or%ercosur) created regional trading blocs designed to promote the movement ofcapital and goods across national borders.



&. %ultinational corporations (such as "oyal $utch 1hell, Coca4Cola or 1ony) beganto challenge state authority and autonomy.

6. %ovements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and

economic consequences of global integration.

"". People concept#ali-ed society and c#lt#re in ne$ $ays4 some challengedold ass#mptions abo#t race% class% gender and religion% o&ten #sing ne$technologies to spread recon&ig#red traditions.

A. he notion of human rights gained traction throughout the world (such as the <.N.<niversal $eclaration of 'uman "ights, women#s rights or the end of the 9hite

Australia *olicy).B. ncreased interactions among diverse peoples sometimes led to the formation of

new cultural identities (such as negritude) and eclusionary reactions (such asenophobia, race riots or citi-enship restrictions).

C. Believers developed new forms of spirituality (such as New Age "eligions, 'are7rishna or 6alun !ong) and chose to emphasi-e particular aspects of practicewithin eisting faiths and apply them to political issues (such as fundamentalistmovements or :iberation heology).

""". Pop#lar and cons#mer c#lt#re became global.

A. sports were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations(such as 9orld Cup 1occer, the 3lympics or cric2et).

B. Changes in communication and transportation technology enabled thewidespread diffusion of music and film (such as reggae or Bollywood).

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Key Concepts for the DBQ