4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

A characteristic common to all living things is that they require Energy

An organism needs E for:•

A cell needs E for:

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

What does the cell need energy for?

•To move

•To reproduce

•To actively transport materials across the cell membrane (Ex. Endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium-potassium pumps)

•To carry out chemical reactions

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Organisms are classified by how they obtain Energy

AUTOTROPHS – MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD

HETEROTROPHS – GET FOOD BY EATING OTHER

ORGANISMS

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Photoautotroph• Organism that converts light energy into

chemical energy stored in organic molecules

CyanoBacteria Protists (Algae) Plants

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

ChemoautotrophsOrganisms that make food by using E from the breakdown of chemicals that escape out of deep ocean vents where there is no light

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Heterotrophs –Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy and carbon compounds

• Animals• Fungus• Some Protists• Most Bacteria•

ANIMALS

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Autotroph or Heterotroph?

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Where does this E come from?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS and

CELL RESPIRATION

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

In photosynthesis, sunlight E is transformed into chemical E stored in food molecules

Starch

Glucose

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

In cell respiration, the chemical E stored in food molecules is released in a form the cells can use.

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

What happens to the E released from food in cellular respiration?

It is used to make high energy molecules called

ATP

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

What is ATP?

ATP stands for the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

• ATP is a high energy containing molecule used by all cells to do the work of life.

• Sodium-Potassium Pump

• Muscle contraction

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

ATP – ADP

triphosphateadenosine

adenosine diphosphate

ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate

ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

phosphate removed

The ATP – ADP cycleATP –High energy molecule ADP –Low energy molecule

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

Removing a Phosphate - Release Energy “use the battery”

ATP Energy + P + ADP

 Adding a Phosphate – Stores Energy “recharge battery”  ADP + Energy + P ATP

ATP = Fully charged battery

ADP = Used up battery

4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP

ATP to ADP

Recharging your body’s batteries