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7/27/2019 Ken Jennings Junior Genius Guides: Maps and Geography (Excerpt)
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7/27/2019 Ken Jennings Junior Genius Guides: Maps and Geography (Excerpt)
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MAPS AND GEOGRAPHY
BY KEN JENNINGS
ILLUSTRATED BY MIKE LOWERY
LITTLE SIMON
Nw Yk Ld Tt Sydy Nw Dlh
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TheOfficial
JuniorGeniusCipher
LILESIMON
AnimprintofSimon&SchusterChildrensPublishing
Division
1230AvenueoftheAmericas
,NewYork,NewYork10020
extCopyright2014byKe
nJennings
Illustrationscopyright201
4bySimon&Schuster,Inc.
Allrightsreserved,including
therightofreproductioninw
holeorinpartinanyform.
LILESIMONisaregistere
dtrademarkofSimon&Schu
ster,Inc.,andassociatedcolop
honisa
trademarkofSimon&Schust
er,Inc.
Forinformationaboutspecia
ldiscountsforbulkpurchases
,pleasecontactSimon&Schu
ster
SpecialSalesat1-866-506-1
949orbusiness@simonandsch
uster.com.
TeSimon&SchusterSpeakersB
ureaucanbringauthorstoyo
urliveevent.Formoreinform
ation
ortobookaneventcontacttheSimon&SchusterSpeake
rsBureauat1-866-248-3049
orvisitour
websiteatwww.simonspeake
rs.com.
ManufacturedinChina
FirstEdition24 6 8 10 9
7 5 3 1
ISBN978-1-4424-7328-2
ISBN978-1-4424-7329-4(eB
ook)
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1
All ht, l, tht th ll. Evy l d yu
t d qut dw.I P J, d Ill th
tdy l d hy. Yu uld -
ly tll I th th u I lt tll th
yu, d I hv dk wth lt tht y
professor jennings. Al I w dut
ht d w d hld l d I hv hu hd
d ull kwld. Ju Gu: I h t
h tht kwld wth yu.
But lt d yu tht Ju Gu
h th t d wth th z yu th
thk yu l v th d yu
t d. It tt d. Ju Gu
ttd th wld ud th d xtd t l
ll thy ut tlly th l, wd tu. Ath Ju Gu tt d u: Semper quaerens.
Tht Lt Alwy uu.
Introduction
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Pl , ut yu ht dx t yu
tl, d th hth Alt Et. Wwll w y th Ju Gu Pld.
With all my fellow Junior Geniuses,
I solemnly pledge to quest after questions,
to angle for answers, to seek out, and
to soak up. I will hunger and thirst for
knowledge my whole life through, and I
dedicate my discoveries to all humankind,
with trivia not for just us but for all.
Vy d. Yu y td!
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3
The Earth from Space
Ghy th Gk wd d-
t th Eth. G- Eth, lk
ly. Th -hy t t wt, lk h hy. S h tudy d
d th Eth.
Th th Eth. It
u h, ul y yu
l wh hv tly
vdd u lt yu
w u. I , l
t l.
Yu ht hv hd
d tht Cluu vd th Eth w ud
1492, wh h ld S t th C. Th
First Period
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t v l t tu! By Cluu t, tt
hd kw th Eth w ud lt tw thu-
d y.
The Shape the World Is InTh lt Gk thk dd ut th h
th Eth. Thl thuht t w ud, lt dk
lt wt, lk k tht ll vd
t .
Axd thuht th Eth w yld,
whl Ax ( lt) lvd t w lt
tl lt d .
But y ud 500 bc, t l d wth th
hlh Pyth d Attl: Th Eth w
ud, lk ll. Th w d vd th.
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Junior Genius Guides
I yu lly wt t lt th dvy ud
Eth, dt lt Cluu Dy Ot 12
lt Etth (-uh-TOSS-thuh-z) Dy
Ju 21! Etth w th Gk wh vtd
th wd hy d vy t uy t, h
w th hd l t th t wld lt
ly, Alxd. Aud 240 bc, Etthdvd vy lv xt t u th Eth.
I lt Ju, th lt dy th y, h hd tw
tk ld tht th ud tw dt t,
v hudd l t, d ud th hdw.
Th hdw w dt lth, whh t th
tk wt lllth Eth w ud t ll!
Wht , Etth
uld u th lth th
hdw t lult th z th
t Eth, wthut v lv
Eyt. H ut w
ut 24,600 l, d tdy
w kw tht th Eth tully
u 24,902 l ud tth qut. Etth w
y ut w hudd l!
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The Accidental TouristCluu, hwv, ddt t th
. F h 1492 vy, h ld
d y Eyt tt
Ptly (th P lt, lukly, h wuld
tl tu twt). Ptly th ld h
t lv tht Eu d A w qut t wdth thy tully , Cluu thuht h uld
l th Eth ut 16,000 l!
Th wld t vt t th
t w th Ptuu, d thy
kw th w zy tlk. Th w
u w l t Etth:
ut 26,000 l. Cluu t
ywy, u tht h uld t ll th wy t Ch
d Id tt wk. Lukly, th w
ukw tt th wy
(Sl! It wNorth America!)
h wuld hv lt t
v. Id w u t -
th wy th h thuht, dh wuld hv u ut ul
th v.
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Doing Their Level BestDt ll th hl vd, th l
wh tll lv tht th Eth lt. Th lt -
zt th ut ul th Flt Eth
Sty, udd y Bth t 1956, th
y th .
Th Eth d yth u , lt dk
lk Thl utd, wth
th Nth Pl th t.
Att wll
ud th d, whh lukly
k th lk !
Th ty h kd t ut tw
thud th 1970, ut tdy t dw t w
hudd tu lv. O u, t lt hd tlv lt Eth w tht h d tllt
t th Eth d d k tu ll th
t. Du th 1950, th ty ud w v
th t ht ud Eth tk
. It y t hw uh tu uld l th
utd y, h lly ld.
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Lets Not Wait, Its a Really Long LineTh d thuth d twt l tht yu
ud t k lttud d ltud.
(IMPORTANT NOTE: Th l y! Yu
wll t th y lk ut th wdw -
l!) Lttud ut hw th
uth yu , whl ltud u t d wt.
Official Junior Genius Way to
Remember Which Is Which
Latitude lines go from side to side, l ike the rungs of a ladder.
Longitude lines travel from
the North to South Polesa
really long way.
I yu w t td t th l, t wuld tk
th Eth tt ull dy t tu yu l
th wd, yud v veeeeery lwly. But t
th qut, th u th Eth tt lot t.
Std tll t th qut, yu tully v t
1,070 l hu, t th th d ud!
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Math Homework
If you have an atlas (or GPS device) and a calculator with acosine key, you can find out how fast youre spinning right
now! Find your latitude in degrees, enter it into your calcula-
tor, and hit the COS button. Then multiply this answer by 1,070
miles per hour. Presto! That speed is your current velocity!
Wow, youre getting a pretty good workout.
Pop Quiz!
What countrys name actually means equator in its native
language?
Do You Come From a Land Down Under?Suth th qut th Suth Hh. O
u, th Suth Hh v ll
th Ethvty k Autl d Suth
A d At ly th ud, ut t
d A d Eu. But th w
d Dw Ud.
Bu th Suth Hh td twdth u whl th Nth Hh td wy
t, th vd: I th Suth
ECUADOR
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Hh u tt D,
d Auut th dth wt.
S Autl Cht dt
hv lh d d htut t
t lkly t vlv
u d t t th h!
Th ud dw th SuthHh t: Th M th M y t th
tt, d wx (w) t lk lk th
O th tht t dt th Suth
Hh: t th th! It t
d tht tlt luh utlkw th Nth
Hh d lkw th Suth, ut tht
t tu. Th is lld th Cl t tht
k th, lk wth yt, tt d-tly th tw hh, ut tlt ut t
ll t td.
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t th t tt wh uld lv th ltud
l. Th w lt th. Gll hd td
t ut ltud y ully tudy th
Jut. Oth tt td t d t y u th
dt tw th u d th lk
ult th Eth t ld.
Th l w lly lvd wth, ll th,
lly d lk. Why lk? Wll, yu kw wht
t th u ud t t tdy k h
Ld, d yu tll wht t th u ut t
t yu ut lt, th yu kw hw
wt t Ld yu . Ututly,d htth-tuy lk ll ud w
dulu, whh thy ddt k ll t
wh h w u ud ty .
A lk k d Jh H lvd th
l y vt lk tht uld k ut
t th wv, d h lltd th z d dd
vy wlthy .
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Junior Genius Guides
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Extra Credit
Did I say that lines of latitude and longitude are invisible?Thats not entirely true. In 1994, the city of Paris marked their
meridianwhich still shows up on some French maps, even
though everyone uses Greenwich todaywith a string of 135
bronze medallions set into the ground. Not to be outdone, the
Greenwich observatory installed a green laser that projects
the prime meridian into the London sky every night.
Zoning OutAt Pdt Cht Athu' 1884 tht ddd
th d, Cd d SddFl d dvd th wld t twty-u t-
dd t z, l th yt w hv tdy.
At th t, th w uh th tdd t
t ut. Utl th 1880, th Utd Stt l
w dvdd t th ht thud t z, wth
h tw tt t w ll t d th t
th u t . Th wkd utl ld ttd
t th uty, d t tht t thud t
z d t hdul very u.
Th dlt t Pdt Athu
ddd t t ttut Fl t z yt,
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lv t u t dvdul ut. Ov th xt ty
y, tty uh th whl wld dtd kd
tdd t d Fl yt, v u
th t z w hv tdy.
Yu ly ldy kw tht wh t Mdy L Al, t th th t Nw
Yk Cty. Th tu th l: It ldy
ht lk t ht Ld ( y th
d l ut tud t Gwh). It dht
Mw d 4 am Ch d wt Autl
th wd, t ldy tw! At t u
twd uy, w d t u k tw
t tdy. Tht u h t th ttl dt
l, th zzy l u th thuh th P. O
th wt d tht l, t 6 am Tudy. A h t
th ht, th t d, t 7 am . . . ut Mdy.
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Th y lly, ut wht th lttv? T
hv t th t (y, 8 am Mdy) ll v th
wld, v th u tt C d t th-
lk Tky? I u yu , Ju Gu,
tht th wuld v ll.
Blast from the PastBecause of time zones, its quite possible to take off in an
airplane and land at your destination at an earlier time than
you left! Sportscaster Bob Costas likes to tell the story of
traveling with a 1970s basketball team called the Spirits of St.
Louis. The Spirits colorful star, Marvin Bad News Barnes,
took a look at his itinerary at the airport one day and saw that
his flight was leaving Louisville at 8 pm and arriving in St. Louis
at 7:56 pm due to the change from eastern to central time. I
aint getting on no time machine! Barnes told Costas, and
walked off to rent a car instead.
Summertime BluesTh d dylht v t w t
dd u y B Fkl 1784,
ut A ddt tt tt th
lk wd vy u utl Wld
W I d Wld W II, wh v
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dylht t v u ul.
Ad ll tht lk h u u.
Evy utu wh lk ll kwd hu,
Atk t d thlv hu hd hdul
duy, thy ut t th tk d hll
hu! A v wd hd Cy, Nth
Cl, htl 2007, Lu Cl v th ttw Nv ht. H Pt w t,
t 1:32 am. But th th lk vd k hu t
d dylht v, d h d tw, All, w
thty-u ut lt, t 1:06 am. S h th-
lly twty-x ut ld th h th, wh
w t!
Pop Quiz!
Whats the only state in the Lower 48 states that doesnt
observe daylight saving time?
ARIZONA
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The Worlds Five Most ConfusingTime-Zone TanglesNEPAL. Mt th Eth y t z d
Gwh t y twhl u hu: Bzl th
hu l, Eth v hu
lt. A w l t y hl-hu d.
But Nl, th Hly, th ly uty wth
t-ut d! Tht ht: Wh t t
Id, t t t xt d Nl! Tht u
Nl tll u t t d ut, Gu Sk,
t w vt d td dt Id
tdd t. Ll ll th t-ut Nl
tthd t d u t xu t lttl lt
tt.
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KIRIBATI AND SAMOA. F t t t
y dd, th P ld
t Kt tddld th d
th ttl dt l, t w
lwy tw dt dy t th t Kt!
I 1995, t vd t t t ld t th
t z t wt hl. Cdtlly
tth h k t Kt th t t
Eth t lt th Nw Y vy y. Th w
tut dw wh th w Mllu dwd
D 31, 1999!
TRERIKSRYSA. Th ut
twty l wldwd wh
th t z t t l
t. O th wdt th t th d
Nwy, Fld, d Ru. All th ut v
dt t z, d Ru dt hv dylht
v t. Th tht, th wt, yu wlk
wt th d ut w h d k
t u hu! Wh Nwy d ud
duty t 8 am, th Ru utt th wy
ldy k luh.
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INDIANA. O ll th ty tt, Id
h lwy th wh t hdt
t w th l qut Wht
t t? F hl th twtth -
tuy, Id wt k d th th
qut dylht v t. Ot
tw wuld t th lk wd vy ,whl th xt tw dw th d wuldt. Al,
Id ut wuld u k d th tw
tl d t t vy t. Tvl ht
hv t h th wth x v t dv
th tt. It w ! Tdy th hty
Id ut t t, ut twlv th hv
tuk wth Ctl T.
CHINA. Ch lly th
thd-lt t Eth
d v th thud l wd.
Yud xt t t five th
wld vtl t z. But th Ch v-
t, hw uty, h dd 1949
tht th whl uty, v thuh t thth Utd Stt, huld ll v th t
z: B t. I th wd, wh t 6:30 am.
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Aht, yu uld t th d t
wt Ch d d tht, v thuh th u ut
, t thlly t lk ldy! Yu lt
wk! A yu ht u, y d ut
ut y th u d th t B tll th
tht t .
Snow Time for That Now!
What time is it at the South Pole? The South Pole is where
all time zones meet, so it really doesnt matter how you set
your watch. The sun wont help: It stays up for six months out
of the year, and then goes down for the other six months!Antarctic bases tend to keep their time based on the place
their supplies and staff arrive from. The research base at the
bottom of the world is called the Amundsen-Scott South Pole
Station, and its an American base where at least fifty people
live year-round. Flights into Amundsen-Scott come from
Christchurch, New Zealand, via Americas McMurdo Station,so the South Pole observes New Zealand time.