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Kelp Surveying in the Kelp Surveying in the Southern California Bight Southern California Bight
Presentation Presentation 29 September 200929 September 2009
Michael Curtis MBC Applied Environmental SciencesMichael Curtis MBC Applied Environmental [email protected]@mbcnet.net
OutlineOutlineIntroductionIntroduction
A Regional ViewA Regional ViewThe Region Nine and The Region Nine and Region Eight Monitoring ProgramsRegion Eight Monitoring Programs
Yearly Status of the Kelp BedsYearly Status of the Kelp BedsKelp Bed AreasKelp Bed AreasComparison to BaselineComparison to Baseline
Phytoplankton Blooms (red tides)Phytoplankton Blooms (red tides)
Synopsis of Coastal Conditions Synopsis of Coastal Conditions
TemperatureTemperatureSwellsSwells
PrecipitationPrecipitation
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Regional ViewRegional View
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Ventura and Los Angeles Counties
Regional ViewRegional View
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Encina Wastewater AuthorityEncina Wastewater Authority
San Diego and Orange
Counties
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp Beds
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
TDY KELP RESTORATION SITE
DECEMBER 2008
12.45 ACRES
Implementing the Kelp Monitoring ProgramImplementing the Kelp Monitoring Program
4 Quarterly Aerial Infrared Surveys2 March12 June2 October
14 December
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
2 March2 March 12 June12 June 2 October2 October 14 December14 December
Implementing the Kelp Monitoring ProgramImplementing the Kelp Monitoring Program
4 Quarterly Aerial Infrared Surveys2 March12 June2 October14 December
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Implementing the Kelp Monitoring ProgramImplementing the Kelp Monitoring Program
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
PhotomosaicsPhotomosaics
Kelp extractedKelp extracted
Layered to BasemapsLayered to Basemaps
Implementing the Kelp Monitoring ProgramImplementing the Kelp Monitoring Program
kelp bed with digitized kelp to determine area
CDF&G Coastal Shape Files CDF&G Coastal Shape Files GIS GeoGIS Geo--Referenced Referenced
Surface Canopy CalculatedSurface Canopy Calculated. .. ...
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Implementing the Region Nine ProgramImplementing the Region Nine Program
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Standardized Basemaps of the Coastline Standardized Basemaps of the Coastline
Status of the Kelp Beds Status of the Kelp Beds –– Region Nine northRegion Nine north
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Newport BeachNewport BeachNewport HarborNewport Harbor
Corona del MarCorona del Mar
Palos Verdes Time SeriesPalos Verdes Time Series
1945 5.59 km2
1928 9.91 km2
1947 3.64 km2
2006 2.03 km2
1911 8.68 km2
CRANDALLCRANDALL’’S 1911 KELP SURVEY S 1911 KELP SURVEY PALOS VERDES 8.68 kmPALOS VERDES 8.68 km22
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsCorona Del Mar Kelp BedCorona Del Mar Kelp Bed
0.0517 km2
(2007)
0.0891 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 10
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsNorth Laguna Beach and North Laguna Beach and South Laguna Beach Kelp BedsSouth Laguna Beach Kelp Beds
Absent 0.0 km2 North0.0013 km2 South
(2007)
In CDF&G Bed 10
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Absent 0.0 km2 NorthAbsent 0.0 km2 South
(2006)
Newport Beach to LagunaNewport Beach to LagunaKelp Beds 1911 CrandallKelp Beds 1911 Crandall
0.580 km2
1911
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsDana Point/Salt Creek Kelp BedDana Point/Salt Creek Kelp Bed
0.2996 km2
(2007)
1.0679 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 9
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Salt Creek/Dana Pt./ Doheny Salt Creek/Dana Pt./ Doheny Kelp Beds 1911 CrandallKelp Beds 1911 Crandall
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsSan Mateo Point Kelp BedSan Mateo Point Kelp Bed
0.2009 km2
(2007)
0.4874 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 8
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
San Mateo to San Onofre KelpSan Mateo to San Onofre Kelp1911 Crandall1911 Crandall
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsSanta Margarita Kelp BedSanta Margarita Kelp Bed
Absent 0.0 km2
(2007)
Absent 0.0 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 7
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Santa Margarita KelpSanta Margarita Kelp1911 Crandall1911 Crandall
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsEncinitas Kelp BedEncinitas Kelp Bed
0.2054 km2
(2007)
0.3464 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 6
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Encinitas
Leucadia to Encinitas KelpLeucadia to Encinitas Kelp1911 Crandall1911 Crandall
2.7495 km2
(2007)
4.1453 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 4
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
La Jolla
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsLa Jolla Kelp BedLa Jolla Kelp Bed
LA JOLLA KELP BEDLA JOLLA KELP BED1911 CRANDALL1911 CRANDALL
1911 1949
6.06km2 1.99 km2
La Jolla kelp canopies showing onset and recovery from 1997La Jolla kelp canopies showing onset and recovery from 1997--1998 El Ni1998 El Niññoo
1989 1990 1991
1992 1993 1994
1995 1996 1997
1998 19992000
3.6162 km2
(2007)
6.6231 km2
(2008)
In CDF&G Bed 3 and 2
Status of the Kelp BedsStatus of the Kelp BedsPoint Loma Kelp BedPoint Loma Kelp Bed
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Point Loma
Imperial Beach to Mexican Imperial Beach to Mexican Border Kelp 1911 CrandallBorder Kelp 1911 Crandall
TOTAL REGION KELP CANOPY COVERAGE TOTAL REGION KELP CANOPY COVERAGE 1967 TO 20081967 TO 2008
0
5
10
15
20
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Squa
re K
m
San Diego + Orange County
Relationship of Temperature to Relationship of Temperature to NutrientsNutrients
Monthly NQ based on average sea surface temperature per montb Monthly NQ based on average sea surface temperature per montb
NQ = AMTNQ = AMT
11
22
44
88
1414
1717
ENSO Index Warm and Cold ENSO Index Warm and Cold Periods Since 1950Periods Since 1950
Strong Relationship Between Kelp Canopy Strong Relationship Between Kelp Canopy Size and Warm and Cold PeriodsSize and Warm and Cold Periods
TOTAL REGION KELP CANOPY COVERAGE TOTAL REGION KELP CANOPY COVERAGE WITH MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATIONWITH MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
ENSO
0
5
10
15
20
Can
opy
Cov
erag
e (k
m2)ENSO Total Coverage
2008 Synopsis of2008 Synopsis ofCoastal ConditionsCoastal Conditions
Sea Surface Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Temperature (SST)
2009
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Tem
pera
ture
(o C
)
50.0
53.6
57.2
60.8
64.4
68.0
71.6
75.2
78.8
Tem
pera
ture
(o F)
200954-Year Average SM Pier
Santa Monica Pierautomated sampler
NQ Index = 33 (2007-2008)25 (2008-2009)
from North and Jones (1991),Gerard (1982),
and Haines and Wheeler (1978)
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
2008
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
26.0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Tem
pera
ture
(oC)
50.0
53.6
57.2
60.8
64.4
68.0
71.6
75.2
78.8
Tem
pera
ture
(oF)
2008
54-Year Average SM Pier
Newport Pierautomated sampler
NQ Index =20 (2008-2009)Newport Pier =29 (2007-2008)
from North and Jones (1991),Haines and Wheeler (1978),
and Gerard (1982)
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
2006 Newport Pier Synopsis of Coastal Conditions2006 Newport Pier Synopsis of Coastal ConditionsSea Surface Temperature (SST)Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
San Clemente Pier automated sampler
NQ Index = 24 (2008-2009)San Clemente 24 (2007-2008)
from North and Jones (1991),Haines and Wheeler (1978),
and Gerard (1982)
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
2008 San Clemente Pier Synopsis of Coastal 2008 San Clemente Pier Synopsis of Coastal ConditionsConditions
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
2008 Scripps Pier Synopsis of Coastal Conditions2008 Scripps Pier Synopsis of Coastal ConditionsSea Surface Temperature (SST)Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Scripps Pier,Scripps Institution of Oceanography
NQ Index = 11 (2008-2009)21 (2007-2008)
from North and Jones (1991),Gerard (1982),
and Haines and Wheeler (1978)
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
YEARLY SCRIPPS NUTRIENT QUOTIENT YEARLY SCRIPPS NUTRIENT QUOTIENT AND TOTAL REGION KELP CANOPY AND TOTAL REGION KELP CANOPY
COVERAGECOVERAGE
NUTRIENT QUOTIENTNUTRIENT QUOTIENT
SCRIPPS VS. NEWPORT BEACHSCRIPPS VS. NEWPORT BEACH
0
20
40
60
80
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Nut
ritio
nal I
ndex Scripps New port
PortuguesePortugueseBend Land Bend Land
Slide Slide Showing Showing Sediment Sediment
PlumePlume
Turbidity Effects on Kelp Beds
Phytoplankton Phytoplankton BloomsBlooms
Lingulodinium polyedrum Lingulodinium polyedrum bloom, Augustbloom, August--September 2005September 2005
Phytoplankton Blooms Phytoplankton Blooms ““red tidesred tides””were not an adverse factor in were not an adverse factor in 20082008
20 April 0620 April 06aerial surveyaerial survey
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
2008 Synopsis of Coastal Conditions2008 Synopsis of Coastal ConditionsSwellsSwells
Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) 092 San Pedro Buoy
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
Waves at the Piers So CalWaves at the Piers So Cal
2008Synopsis of Coastal Conditions2008Synopsis of Coastal ConditionsSwellsSwells
“Agua Hedionda” Oceanside Harbor
MBCMBC Applied Environmental SciencesApplied Environmental Sciences
January 7, 2006January 7, 2006surveysurvey
Sea Urchins Sea Urchins Feeding onFeeding on
KelpKelp
Photo source: The Amber Forest
Dedicated to Dr. Wheeler North Dedicated to Dr. Wheeler North
WhoWho Observed PatternsObserved Patterns in Kelp in Kelp
PersistencePersistence and Began and Began
LongLong-- Term Monitoring Term Monitoring