KEEP Kentucky Electronics Education Project Dr. Janet Lumpp - Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. Kelly Bradley - Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

KEEP KEEP Kentucky Electronics Kentucky Electronics

Education ProjectEducation Project

Dr. Janet LumppDr. Janet Lumpp - Electrical and Computer Engineering- Electrical and Computer Engineering

Dr. Kelly Bradley Dr. Kelly Bradley - Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation- Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

University of KentuckyUniversity of KentuckyJuly 2005July 2005

July 2005July 2005 KEEP WorkshopKEEP Workshop

KEEP ObjectivesKEEP Objectives

Educate teachers regardingEducate teachers regarding Electronic assembly technologiesElectronic assembly technologies Properties of electronic materialsProperties of electronic materials

Develop curriculum materialsDevelop curriculum materials Solicit industry partnerships Solicit industry partnerships Organize hands-on projects and Organize hands-on projects and

fieldtripsfieldtrips Encourage young students to Encourage young students to

consider technical and engineering consider technical and engineering careerscareers


KEEP BackgroundKEEP Background

Classroom activitiesClassroom activities Teacher workshopsTeacher workshops Independent implementationsIndependent implementations

West Jessamine High SchoolWest Jessamine High School The Lexington SchoolThe Lexington School Lafayette High SchoolLafayette High School

Girls in Science - students and teachersGirls in Science - students and teachers KSTA PD Session - November 2005KSTA PD Session - November 2005


KET PartnershipKET Partnership

Studio sessionStudio session Filmed “cooking show” circuit steps - Dec’04Filmed “cooking show” circuit steps - Dec’04 Editing nowEditing now

SMC, Inc. - Electronic assembly processSMC, Inc. - Electronic assembly process Filmed manufacturing equipment - June’05Filmed manufacturing equipment - June’05 Editing nowEditing now

NAVSEA Crane - PCB fabricationNAVSEA Crane - PCB fabrication Filming to be scheduled after renovationFilming to be scheduled after renovation

CD-ROM

Coming Soon


Electricity to ElectronicsElectricity to Electronics

Electricity and MagnetismElectricity and Magnetism Principles and definitionsPrinciples and definitions Circuit elements, symbols Circuit elements, symbols

and diagramsand diagrams

Electronic CircuitsElectronic Circuits Add semiconductor devicesAdd semiconductor devices Physical size of componentsPhysical size of components 2D and 3D locations and 2D and 3D locations and

connectionsconnections


Types of ComponentsTypes of Components

Through hole or Surface MountThrough hole or Surface Mount Passive or ActivePassive or Active


Printed Circuit BoardsPrinted Circuit Boards

PCB = Printed Circuit BoardPCB = Printed Circuit Board Copper conductorCopper conductor Epoxy/Glass insulatorEpoxy/Glass insulator Green coating = solder maskGreen coating = solder mask

Single or double sided copperSingle or double sided copper Single or multiple layersSingle or multiple layers Through holes = viasThrough holes = vias

Component leads Component leads Connect layersConnect layers Plated with copperPlated with copper


How to SolderHow to Solder

Soldering iron = heat sourceSoldering iron = heat source Heat copper ring and component leadHeat copper ring and component lead Bring in solder wireBring in solder wire

Activate flux to clean oxides off of metal surfacesActivate flux to clean oxides off of metal surfaces Solder alloy melts and wets clean metal surfacesSolder alloy melts and wets clean metal surfaces

Pull solder wire away from jointPull solder wire away from joint Remove soldering ironRemove soldering iron

Coat soldering iron tip with solder to Coat soldering iron tip with solder to prevent oxidation between uses prevent oxidation between uses


Project StepsProject Steps Layout pattern drawn from schematicLayout pattern drawn from schematic Print layout on Press-N-Peel paperPrint layout on Press-N-Peel paper Iron pattern on to clean copper PCBIron pattern on to clean copper PCB Soak off paper backing, repair linesSoak off paper backing, repair lines Etch excess copper in sodium persulfateEtch excess copper in sodium persulfate Remove remaining toner (etch resist)Remove remaining toner (etch resist) Drill through holesDrill through holes Insert componentsInsert components Hand solderHand solder


Implementation OptionsImplementation Options

Purchase or borrow toolsPurchase or borrow tools Purchase circuit project kitsPurchase circuit project kits

Solder onlySolder only Drill and SolderDrill and Solder Full processFull process

On-going PD WorkshopsOn-going PD Workshops Science, math, technology teachersScience, math, technology teachers Core team in one school or districtCore team in one school or district

Develop instructional unitsDevelop instructional units


Science Standards and KEEPScience Standards and KEEP

SC-M-1.3.2 SC-M-1.3.2 Heat energy moves in predictable Heat energy moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both objects reach the same temperature.until both objects reach the same temperature.

Soldering iron converts electrical energy to heat energy.Soldering iron converts electrical energy to heat energy. Must make contact with cooler objects to transfer heat by Must make contact with cooler objects to transfer heat by

conduction. conduction. The temperature of the iron is greater than the melting The temperature of the iron is greater than the melting

point of the solder. point of the solder. Solid-liquid-solid transformation at each solder joint.Solid-liquid-solid transformation at each solder joint.



SC-M-1.3.1 SC-M-1.3.1 Energy is a property of many substances and Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, and sound. is associated with heat, light, electricity, and sound. Energy is transferred in many ways.Energy is transferred in many ways.

SC-M-1.3.5 SC-M-1.3.5 Electrical circuits provide a means of Electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced.chemical changes are produced.

Flashing LED Circuit - heat, light, electricity, chemical to Flashing LED Circuit - heat, light, electricity, chemical to electrical (battery) energy conversionelectrical (battery) energy conversion

Buzzer Circuit - heat, light, electricity, sound, chemical to Buzzer Circuit - heat, light, electricity, sound, chemical to electrical (battery) energy conversionelectrical (battery) energy conversion



SC-H-1.1.1 SC-H-1.1.1 Matter is made of minute particles called Matter is made of minute particles called atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller components. … The electric force between the nucleus components. … The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.and the electrons holds the atom together.

SC-H-1.2.1 SC-H-1.2.1 Atoms interact with each other by transferring Atoms interact with each other by transferring or sharing outermost electrons. These outer electrons or sharing outermost electrons. These outer electrons govern the chemical properties of the element.govern the chemical properties of the element.

Electrons and chemical bonding determine which materials Electrons and chemical bonding determine which materials are conductors, insulators and semiconductors. are conductors, insulators and semiconductors.

All types of materials are needed in microelectronics.All types of materials are needed in microelectronics. Different materials must bond without contamination.Different materials must bond without contamination.



SC-H-1.3.1 SC-H-1.3.1 Chemical reactions occur all around us and in Chemical reactions occur all around us and in every cell in our bodies. These reactions may release or every cell in our bodies. These reactions may release or consume energy. Rates of chemical reactions vary. consume energy. Rates of chemical reactions vary. Reaction rates depend on concentration, temperature, and Reaction rates depend on concentration, temperature, and properties of reactants. Catalysts speed up chemical properties of reactants. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions.reactions.

Etching Copper - solution of sodium persulfate in waterEtching Copper - solution of sodium persulfate in water Solution is heated to increase the reaction rate.Solution is heated to increase the reaction rate. As copper is etched, the reaction rate slows (concentration).As copper is etched, the reaction rate slows (concentration). Catalyst can be added to increase the reaction rate again.Catalyst can be added to increase the reaction rate again.


Math Standards and KEEPMath Standards and KEEP

MA-E-1.1.5 MA-E-1.1.5 Multiple representations of numbers (e.g., Multiple representations of numbers (e.g., drawings, manipulative, symbols)drawings, manipulative, symbols)

MA-M-1.1.6 MA-M-1.1.6 Representation of numbers and operations in Representation of numbers and operations in a variety of equivalent forms using models, diagrams, and a variety of equivalent forms using models, diagrams, and symbols (e.g., number lines, 10 by 10 grids, rectangular symbols (e.g., number lines, 10 by 10 grids, rectangular arrays, number sentences)arrays, number sentences)

Resistor color code - colors represent numbers 0 to 9Resistor color code - colors represent numbers 0 to 9 Two digits and order of magnitude, 123 = 12 X 10Two digits and order of magnitude, 123 = 12 X 1033

Tolerance of Tolerance of 5% (gold) or 10% (silver) 5% (gold) or 10% (silver)


Resistor Color CodeResistor Color Codehttp://www.mechatronics.me.vt.edu/VT84Construction/resistorcodes.html


Science Standards and KEEPScience Standards and KEEP SC-H-3.5.5 SC-H-3.5.5 Human beings live within the world’s ecosystems. Human activities Human beings live within the world’s ecosystems. Human activities

can deliberately or inadvertently alter the dynamics in ecosystems. These can deliberately or inadvertently alter the dynamics in ecosystems. These activities can threaten current and future global stability and, if not addressed, activities can threaten current and future global stability and, if not addressed, ecosystems can be irreversibly affected.ecosystems can be irreversibly affected.

Science in Personal and Social Perspectives -Science in Personal and Social Perspectives -describe the individual’s roles describe the individual’s roles and responsibilities in the following areas: changes in populations, resources and responsibilities in the following areas: changes in populations, resources and environments including ecological crises and environmental issues, natural and environments including ecological crises and environmental issues, natural hazards, science and technology in society, and personal and societal issues hazards, science and technology in society, and personal and societal issues about risks and benefits.about risks and benefits.

Electronics manufacturing uses tremendous amounts of metals, acids, Electronics manufacturing uses tremendous amounts of metals, acids, water, energy, etc.water, energy, etc. What are the safety issues for workers?What are the safety issues for workers? What are the environmental issues?What are the environmental issues? What are the economics of improving the manufacturing methods?What are the economics of improving the manufacturing methods?


Math, Science and KEEPMath, Science and KEEP

Science as InquiryScience as Inquiry Science and TechnologyScience and Technology Science in Personal and Science in Personal and

Social PerspectiveSocial Perspective

MA-E-1.1.4 MA-E-1.1.4 Place value, Place value, expanded form, number expanded form, number magnitude (order, compare) magnitude (order, compare) to 100,000,000, and decimals to 100,000,000, and decimals through thousandths. through thousandths.

Orders of magnitude in dimensions, memory, pixels, processor speed. Orders of magnitude in dimensions, memory, pixels, processor speed. Why is it that a new PC with 24 GB of RAM is not any bigger than an Why is it that a new PC with 24 GB of RAM is not any bigger than an old PC with 24 MB of RAM, a 1000 times increase in memory?old PC with 24 MB of RAM, a 1000 times increase in memory? Why is it that a 10 MB hard drive used to be the size of a shoe box and Why is it that a 10 MB hard drive used to be the size of a shoe box and now 40 GB fit in an iPod in your hand running on batteries?now 40 GB fit in an iPod in your hand running on batteries? Why does the microprocessor in a new laptop PC run 5 times faster Why does the microprocessor in a new laptop PC run 5 times faster than an old laptop, but the batteries last longer in the new laptop?than an old laptop, but the batteries last longer in the new laptop?


Math Standards and KEEPMath Standards and KEEP MA-H-2.1.1 MA-H-2.1.1 Students will describe properties of and give examples of geometric Students will describe properties of and give examples of geometric

transformations and apply geometric transformations (translations, rotations, transformations and apply geometric transformations (translations, rotations, reflections, dilations), with and without a coordinate plane, to both real-world reflections, dilations), with and without a coordinate plane, to both real-world and mathematical situations.and mathematical situations.

MA-H-2.2.1 MA-H-2.2.1 Students will perform transformations (reflections, translations, Students will perform transformations (reflections, translations, rotations, dilations) on figures.rotations, dilations) on figures.

MA-H-2.2.2 MA-H-2.2.2 Students will classify two-dimensional and three-dimensional Students will classify two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometric figures according to their characteristics such as lengths of sides; geometric figures according to their characteristics such as lengths of sides; angle measures; and number of sides, faces, edges, and vertices. Students will angle measures; and number of sides, faces, edges, and vertices. Students will describe the intersection of a plane with a three-dimensional geometric figure.describe the intersection of a plane with a three-dimensional geometric figure.

Identify components by describing the three dimensional shapes of the Identify components by describing the three dimensional shapes of the packages and leads. packages and leads.

Recognize components by their two dimensional projections as seen by Recognize components by their two dimensional projections as seen by visual alignment systems. Sophisticated vision systems see color and visual alignment systems. Sophisticated vision systems see color and read labeling.read labeling.

XY Locations on a circuit board - placing components, dispensing dots XY Locations on a circuit board - placing components, dispensing dots of adhesive, wirebond pads around a chipof adhesive, wirebond pads around a chip


Math Standards and KEEPMath Standards and KEEP

MA-H-2.3.4 MA-H-2.3.4 Students will understand how a change in one Students will understand how a change in one or more dimensions of a geometric shape affects or more dimensions of a geometric shape affects perimeter, area, volume, or surface area.perimeter, area, volume, or surface area.

Area density = percentage of board area occupied by Area density = percentage of board area occupied by components. components.

Circuits are miniaturized by choosing smaller components Circuits are miniaturized by choosing smaller components and reducing the spacing between objects.and reducing the spacing between objects.

Use layout software to compare alternative designs and Use layout software to compare alternative designs and calculate area density.calculate area density.


Math Standards and KEEPMath Standards and KEEP MA-H-4.1.1 MA-H-4.1.1 Students will understand the concept of a function and Students will understand the concept of a function and

roles of independent and dependent variables.roles of independent and dependent variables. MA-H-4.1.4 MA-H-4.1.4 Students will identify linear, quadratic, absolute value, and Students will identify linear, quadratic, absolute value, and

exponential functions from graphs and equations.exponential functions from graphs and equations. MA-H-4.1.5 MA-H-4.1.5 Students will apply direct and inverse variation to both Students will apply direct and inverse variation to both

real-world and mathematical problems.real-world and mathematical problems. MA-H-4.3.2 MA-H-4.3.2 Students will understand how formulas, tables, graphs, Students will understand how formulas, tables, graphs,

and equations of functions relate to each other.and equations of functions relate to each other.

I-V (Current-Voltage) relationships for resistors, capacitors, I-V (Current-Voltage) relationships for resistors, capacitors, inductorsinductors

Series and parallel combinations of resistors, capacitors, Series and parallel combinations of resistors, capacitors, inductorsinductors

Current and voltage divider expressions for resistorsCurrent and voltage divider expressions for resistors 555 timer formulas555 timer formulas


I-V RelationshipsI-V Relationships

Resistors Resistors Ohm’s LawOhm’s Law V=IRV=IR

CapacitorsCapacitors iicc(t) = dv(t) = dvcc(t)/dt(t)/dt

InductorsInductors vvLL(t) = di(t) = diLL(t)/dt(t)/dt


Kirchoff’s LawsKirchoff’s Laws

Kirchoff’s Voltage Law - KVLKirchoff’s Voltage Law - KVL The sum of all voltages around a The sum of all voltages around a

closed loop is zero.closed loop is zero. VVnn = 0 = 0

Kirchoff’s Current Law - KCLKirchoff’s Current Law - KCL The sum of all currents entering The sum of all currents entering

a node is zero.a node is zero. IInn = 0 = 0


Series and ParallelSeries and Parallel

Elements in series have the same current flowing Elements in series have the same current flowing through them.through them.

Elements in parallel have the same voltage across Elements in parallel have the same voltage across them.them.

Series R, Series L, Parallel CSeries R, Series L, Parallel C RRss = = R Rnn

Parallel R, Parallel L, Series CParallel R, Parallel L, Series C 1/R1/RPP = = 1/R1/Rnn

Two R in parallel Two R in parallel RRPP = (R = (R11RR22)/(R)/(R11 + R + R22))


Current and Voltage Current and Voltage DividersDividers Combine Ohm’s Law and Combine Ohm’s Law and

Kirchoff’s Laws to develop Kirchoff’s Laws to develop short cut formulasshort cut formulas

Voltage dividerVoltage divider vv11 = v(R = v(R11/(R/(R11+R+R22))))

Current dividerCurrent divider ii11 = i(R = i(R22/(R/(R11+R+R22))))


Capacitor Discharging Capacitor Discharging and Chargingand Charging

DC (battery) sourcesDC (battery) sources Capacitor is initially charged to a Capacitor is initially charged to a

voltage voltage VV00

DischargingDischarging v(t) = Vv(t) = V00ee-t/-t/

= RC = time constant= RC = time constant

Charging from Charging from VV00 to Vto Vss, ,

VVss = steady state = steady state

v(t) = Vv(t) = Vss +(V +(V00-V-Vss) e) e-t/-t/

If If VV00 = 0, v(t) = V = 0, v(t) = Vss(1 - e(1 - e-t-t//))

Documents

KEEP Kentucky Electronics Education Project Dr. Janet Lumpp - Electrical and Computer Engineering Dr. Kelly Bradley - Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation