Kazuya Sakai Graduate Student Dept. of CSSE, Auburn University
Ch 8.6 Using Theoretical Framework
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Theoretical frameworks for qualitative analysis Basing data
analysis around theoretical frameworks provides further insight
Frameworks Grounded Theory Distributed Cognition Activity
Theory
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Grounded Theory Aims to develop theory from systematic analysis
of data Is based on categorization approach, called coding There
are three level of coding Open coding Axial coding Selective
coding
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Open Coding Open coding is to identify categories
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Axial Coding Axial coding is to flash out and link to
subcategories 1. Major categories are hierarchically related to
subcategories
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Axial Coding (Cont.) 2. For each category, a researcher creates
a description, called memo, to integrate as many of the categories
and subcategories as possible
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Selective coding Selective coding is to form theoretical scheme
One category is chosen to be the core category, and relating all
other category to that category
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Distributed Cognition The people, environment, and artifacts
are regarded as one cognitive system Used for analyzing
collaborative work Focuses on information propagation and
transformation
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Example of Distributed Cognition Employee verification at Call
Centers
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Activity Theory Explains human behavior in terms of our
practical activity with the world Provides a framework that focuses
analysis around the concept of an activity and helps to identify
tensions between the different elements of the system Two key
models: one outlines what constitutes an activity; one models the
mediating role of artifacts
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Individual Model Activity can be found in motivations e.g.,
completing software project Action are performed to accomplish
goals e.g., programming a module Action are made up of operations
e.g., using operating command
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Individual Model (Cont.) Activity can be action, and action can
be operation e.g., a child learns alphabet A child learns how to
control a pen A child controls a pen to spell words A student
writes a book report
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Engestroms activity system model
http://csalt.lancs.ac.uk/alt/engestrom/
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In Class Exercise 1. What is Grounded Theory 2. What is
Distribution Cognition 3. What is Activity Theory