Kaw;rp gapw;rp ntw;wp ntw;wp ba+rd; nrd;lh; VETRI TUITION & TUTORIAL CENTER THIMMANAICKENPATTY (PO) RASIPURAM (TK) NAMAKKAL(DT) 636202 1

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VETRI TUITION & TUTORIAL CENTER THIMMANAICKENPATTY (PO) RASIPURAM (TK) NAMAKKAL(DT) 636202

1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; ehd;fDf;F

kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (1 to 6) 4x2=8

1. flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}Yk; fsKk; ahit? flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y;: fk;guhkhzk; MFk;. fsk;:Aj;jfhz;lk;MFk; 2. fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fisf;$Wf. ftpr;rf;futh;j;jp ‘fy;tpapy; nghpatd;‛ ’fk;gd; fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;‛ tpUj;j nkd;Dk; xz;ghtpy; cah; fk;gd; vd;gd fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fs; MFk;. 3. fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit? rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiynaOgJ> jpUf;if tof;fk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp vd;gd fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fshFk;. 4. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapy; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; jiytpAk; ahth;? jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Rthkp kiyapy; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s KUfg;ngUkhd; Mthh ;. ghl;Lilj; jiytp jkpod;idahfpa jkpourpMthh;. 5. jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahh; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ? jkpourp FwtQ;rp jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhhpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ. 6. ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d? ,e;jpauhfpa ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; ek;Kila tho;T kyu te;jtUk; NghdtUk;cjtkhl;lhh;fs; vd;W ek;gpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jNj MFk;. 7. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf;$Wf. GytNuW m. tuj eQ;irag; gps;is mth;fs; jhk; ,aw;wpa ‘jkpourp FwtQ;rp‛ vd;Dk; E}iyf; fue;ijj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpd; nts;sp tpohtpd; NghJ> Qhdpahh;mbfs; jiyikapy;muq;Nfw;wpdhh;. 8. ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muRk;’, ‘eLtzuRk;’ vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd? ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muR’ ‘muritf; ftpQh;’ Mf;fpAk; gpd;dh; jkpofr; rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhfTk ;epakpj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ eLtzuR> mtUf;Fg; gj;kG+\z; tpUjspj;Jg; ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ. 9. ehkf;fy; ftpQh; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d? tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuuhd ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufj;jpy; gq;F ngw;wf; fhuzj;jhy; rpiwj; jz;lid mile;jhh;. 10. ehNlWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;? ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ‘,/J ,e;jpa ehL’ ‘,/J vdf;Nf chpikahd ehlhFk’; vd;W Nghw;wpg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

11. ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;e;jJ vd;d? ,e;jpauhfpa ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ,e;jpa ehl;Lf;F chpik ,y;yhj me;epah; te;J ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Ms Neh;e;jJ. 12. ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ‘,e;jpaehL vdf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. 13. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit? mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; Gwk; 1. ew;wpiz 2. FWe;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg;gj;J 8. ghpghly; 3. Iq;FE}W 7. GwehD}W 4.fypj;njhif 5. mfehD}W 14. GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit? KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;> Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaO ts;sy;fs; filr;rq;fg; Gyth;fs; vd gyUila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;GfisAk; mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw Kjypatw;iwAk; GwehD}w;why; ed;F mwpayhk;. 15. nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff. ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj; jpizfSs; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisAk;> mj;jpizfSf;Fg ; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ nghJtpay; jpizahFk;. 16. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiwia tpsf;Ff. KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha; mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ‘nghUz; nkhopf;fhQ;rp’vd;Dk;JiwahFk;. 17. ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf. <uk; nghUe;jpa Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ Nghy fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ>ntsthy;. 18.mfehD}W vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ?vOJf.mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf cs;sJ.thpir vz; gphpTfs; ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if1. fspw;wpahid epiu 120 ghly;fs; 2. kzpkpil gtsk; 180 ghly;fs;3. epj;jpyf; Nfhit 100 ghly;fs;nkhj;jk; 400 ghly;fs; 19. mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspd; jpiz mikg;G Kiwia tpsf;Ff.thpir vz; vz; mikg;G jpiz mikg;G Kiw1. 1> 3> 5 vd tUgit ghiyj;jpizg; ghly;fs;2. 2> 8 vd tUgit FwpQ;rpj;jpizg; ghly;fs; 3. 4>14 vd tUgit Ky;iyj;jpiz ghly;fs; 4. 6> 16 vd tUgit kUjj; jpizg; ghly;fs; 5. 10>20 vd tUgit nea;jy; jpizg; ghly;fs; 20. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit? rpyg;gjpfhuKk;kzpNkfiyAk;,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;s; 21. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -ngah;fhuzk; jUf.



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‘rpyg;gjpfhuk’; - rpyk;G + mjpfhuk; fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;G fhuzkhf tsh;e;j fijahjyhy; ‘rpyg;gjpfhuk;’ vd;W ngah; #l;lg;gl;lJ. 22. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - E}y; mikg;ig vOJf. rpyg;gjpfhuk; %d;W fhz;lq;fisAk; Kg;gJ fhijfisAk; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ. t. vz; fhz;lk; fhijfs;1. Gfhh; fhz;lk; 10 fhijfs;2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; 13 fhijfs; 3. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; 07 fhijfs; rpyg;gjpfhuk; 40 fhijfs; 23. kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ vJ? kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ ‘Ky;iy kyh;fNs’ MFk;. Ky;iy kyh;fs; nfhbapd;Nky; nkhl;L tphpe;J > xsp nghUe;jp> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kzk; tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jd. 24. rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs;ahit? 1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;. 2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth; 3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gd rpyk;G czh;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs;MFk;. 25.rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F ciunaOjpa ngUkf;fs; ahth;? 1. mUk;gj ciufhuh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk; mUk;gjq;fSf;F kl;Lk; ciu vOjpath; 2. mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; - tpsf;fkhf ciu vOjpath; 3. e.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk; ciu vOjpath; 26. Re;jufhz;lk; vd;W ngah; tuf; fhuzk; ahJ?mDkDf;Fr; Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. mDkdpd; jiyik gz;Gfs; tPW ngw;W tpsq;Ftjhy; ,f;fhz;lk;Re;jufhz;lk;vdngah;ngw;wJ. 27.mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; nra;j nray; ahH? mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; mtDila tPuf;foy; mzpe;j jpUtbfis tzq;ftpy;iy .G+kpapy; gpwe;jjpUkfshfpa rPjhNjtp ,Ue;j jpiria Nehf;fpj; jiy jho;j;jp> if$g;gp> jiuapy; tpOe;J> gzpthfg; Nghw;wp tzq;fpdhd;. 28. ,uhkd; Fwpg;ghy; czh;e;jit ahit? rPij eyKld; ,Uf;fpwhs;. mDkd; rPijiaf; fz;lJ cz;ik rPij> fw;G epiy jtwhJ ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gd mDkdpd; Kff; Fwpg;ghy; ,uhkd; czh;e;jit MFk;. 29. ‘fz;lndd;’ vd;W mDkd; $wpait ahit? Njtu;fSf;Fj; jiytNu! ahd; ,yq;if vd;Dk; efhpy;> fw;gpDf;F mzpfykha; tpsq;Ffpd;w rPjhg; gpuhl;bia vd; fz;fshy; fz;L te;Njd;.Mjyhy;> ‘mtuJ fw;gpidg; gw;wpa Iaj;ijAk;Jauj;ijAk; ePf;FtPuhf’ vd;W mDkd; ,uhkgpuhdplk; $wpdhd;. 30. ‘caph; je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W mDkd; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; nghUs; ahJ?

,uhkidg; gphpe;j JahpdhYk; ,uhtzdJ nfhLikahYk; ‘,dp xUNghJk; ,uhkidf; fhzNt KbahJ’ vd;W vz;zpa rPij jd; capiutplj; Jzpe;jhs;. me;j epiyapy; mDkd; je;j ,uhkdpd; fizahop> rPijf;F ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; caph;fhf;Fk; rQ;rPtp kUe;J Nghd;W tpsq;fpaJ. vdNt> ‘caph;je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhd;. 31. Mj;jhf; fpotp ahh;? Mj;jhf; fpotp vd;gts; 1. murpfz;Zf;fpdpahspd; Njhop> 2. jpUl;Lj; njhopy; nra;Ak; tPug;gdpd; kidtp3. Ntyidg; ngw;wjha;> 4. murd; kfs; md;dj;jpd; nrtpypj; jha; Mths;. 32. fjph;ehl;L murd; murpahh; ngah;fis vOJf. fjph; ehl;L murd; ngah; - fjpiu Ntyd; . fjph; ehl;Lmuprp ngah; - fz;Zf;fpdpahs; 33. jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;wpAs;sik ahq;qdk;?jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy;> 1. jpUr;rpapy; ghujpjhrd; ngauhy; gy;fiyf; fofk; xd;iw epWtpAs;sJ. 2. mth; jk; ftpij> ciu eil E}y;fis ehl;L cilikahf;fpr; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. 34. md;dk; Ntyidg; gw;wp tpdhtpaJ ahJ? md;dk; Mj;jhf;fpotpaplk;> Ntyidr; Rl;bf; fhl;b ‘,th; ahh;?’ vd;W Nfl;lhs;. Mj;jhf; fpotp ‘vd; kfd;’ vd;W nrhd;dhs;. gpwF mts;> ‘Nto ehl;lhh; vd;idr; rpiwg;gpbf;f tUk; NghJ mtu;fisj; jLj;J vd; capiuAk; khdj;ijAk; fhj;jth; ,th; jhNkh?‛ vd;W Nfl;lhs;. 35. Njk;ghtzp - nghUs; $Wf. Njk;ghtzp - Njk;gh + mzp ‘thlhj khiy’ vd;Wk; Njd; + gh +mzp - Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs; gLk;. 36. fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jhhpd; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWk; E}y; vJ? fpwj;Jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg;ngWk; E}y; Njk;ghtzp MFk;. 37. Njk;ghtzp vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ? Njk;ghtzp %d;W fhz;lq;fis cilaJ 38. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; ahh;? Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth;> ,NaR ngUkhdpd; tsh;g;Gj; je;ijahfpa#irkhKdpth;> 39. tPukhKdpth; ,aw;ngah; ahJ? tPukhKdpthpd; ,aw;ngah; ‘nfhd;];lhd; N[hrg; ng];fp’ MFk;. 40. tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis tpsf;Ff. tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ‘tsq;fis tsur; nra;gtd;’ ; vd;gjhFk;.



41. ANjah ehl;by; gifnfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh; ahth;?A+Njah ehl;by; gif nfhz;L epd;w,dj;jhh;> kiy ehLfspy; tho;e;j ‘gpypj;ijah;’ Mth.; 42. ‘cyh’ vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff. cyh vd;gjw;Fg; ‘gtdp tuy;’ ; vd;gJ nghUs; 43. Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit? Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; 1. jz;nghUieahW 2. rpw;whW 3. Nfhjz;l uhk MW MfpadthFk;. 44. fyk;gfk; -ngah;f;fhuzk; jUf. fyk;gfk;- fyk;+ gfk; fyk; - gd;dpuz;L (12) gfk; -mjpy; ghjp MW (6) gjpndl;L cWg;Gfs; mikag; ghlg;gLtjhy; ‘fyk;gfk;’ vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ. 45. Njthu %th; ahth;? 1. mg;gh; 2. Re;juh; 3. rk;ge;jh;. 46. Re;juh; Njthuk; ve;j jpUKiwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ? Re;juh; Njthuk;> gd;dpU jpUKiwapy; ‘Vohk;’ jpUKiwahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 47. Re;juu; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; vJ? Re;juh; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; ‘jpUj;njhz;lj; njhif’ vd;gjhFk;. 48. ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; ahJ? ‘ePyNfrpj;jpul;L’ vd;gjhFk;. 49. fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? vr;. V. fpU\;zg;gps;is Mthh;. 50. Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh;’ vd;W miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?rptngUkhd; Re;juiu jk; Njhouha;f; nfhz;lhh;. mjdhy ; Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh’; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;. 1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (7 to 16) 3x4=12 1. fk;gh; ‘ ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff. ‘vy;yh kjj;jtUk; ,iwtd; xUtNd’ vd;gjhy; fk;gh;> ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd; xd;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhh; vdpDk; vy;yhg;nghUs;fspYk; ,Ug;gjhy; ‘gyNt’ vd;fpwhh;. cyfpYs;s vg;nghUisg; NghyTk; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;why; ,y;iy jhd;.fjputidg; Nghyg; Ngnuhsp nfhz;ltdh> epyitg; Nghd;W jz;> vd;W ,Ug;ghdh> fhw;wpidg; Nghd;W vq;Fk; gutp epiwe;jpUg;gtdh vd;why; ‘ Mk;’ vd;gjhy; cz;L jhd;. cyfpy; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy; ,y;iy jhd;. ,iwtd; ‘cz;L’ vd;W nrhd;dhy; cz;L jhd;. ,t;thW> gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfis xUq;Nf nfhz;ltdha; ,iwtd; ,Uj;jyhy;> mtid ‘ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd;W tpae;J $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;. NkYk; ,g;gbg;gl;l ,iwtdpd; jd;ikfshff; fz;Lzh;e;J> ehk;filj;NjWtjw;F

,iwtidr; ruziltNj rpwe;j topahFk; vd;W $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;. .2 ,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy;mwpayhFk; nra;jpfisf;$Wf. ,iwtd; ‘xUtNd‘ Mthd; . mtd; cUtkw;wtd;. vdpDk; cyfpYs;s vy;yhg; nghUs;fspYk; ePf;fkw epiwe;J ,Uf;fpd;whd;. cUtk;> mUtk;. mUTUtk; vdg; gy;NtW epiyfshf ,iwtd; jpfo;fpd;whd;. ,iwtd; cynfq;Fk; xspUk; Ngnuhsp kakhdtd;; ‘jz;’ vd;wpUf;Fk; jd;ik gilj;jtd;. jd;id ‘,y;iy’ vd;W $Wgthplj;jpYk; ,Ug;gtd; jd;id ‘cz;L’ vd;W ciug;gtdplk; kiwe;jpUg;gtd;. ,j;jifa ,iwtid ek; khDlf; fz;fshy; fhz ,ayhJ. mUshNy mtid mwpa ,aYk; . mtid ehk; mwpe;J ca;tjw;F top> ,iwtidr; ruz; miltJ xd;W kl;LNk MFk;. 4. tujeQ;irag; gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;W $Wfpd;whh;? jkpo; kf;fspd; ,sikg; gUtj;jpNy> Kjd; Kjyhf mth;fspd; ehitg; NgRtjw;F mirtpj;j nkhop> jkpo; nkhop. jkpoh;fspd; mwpTf; fz;izj; jpwe;J cyf elg;Gfisj; njsptha; vLj;Jiuj;J> mtw;wpd; cz;ikfis mth;fs; fUj;njhL nghUe;jr; nra;j nkhop> jkpo;nkhop. jkpoh;fspd; cs;sf; fUj;Jfis> rpe;jidfis kw;wth;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;Ff; fUtpaha; ‘ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;’ vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L te;j jpUj;jkhd nkhop> jkpo; nkhop. gy;NtW tifg;gl;l may; nkhopfisf; fw;gjw;Fj; jkpoh;f;F cjtp Ghpe;j tsk; nghUe;jpa nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.,j;jifa fhuzq;fshy;> ‘jkpod;idia tho;f! tho;f! vd;W nrhy;yp> ‘jkpo;jhapd; jpUtbfisg; gzpe;J tho;j;JNthk;‛vd;WtujeQ;irag;gps;is$Wfpd;whh;.5. ,e;jpah; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;? ‘ ,/J ,e;jpa ehL; ,e;j ehL vq;fSf;Nf chpikahd ehL‛ vd;W ehs;NjhWk; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ,e;jpa ehl;bidg; Nghw;wpg; ghl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ehl;bw;F chpikapy;yhj me;epah; gyh; ,q;F te;J> ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Mz;ldh;. mg;NghJ ,e;jpah; nghWg;gpy;yhky; J}q;fpf; fple;j fhyq;fs; fope;jd. ,e;jpah;fshfpa ek;Kila tho;T kyu> te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gp tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fs; kiwe;J Nghapd. vdNt> ,d;W Kjy; ,e;jpah; midtUk; ‘,e;jpah- vq;fSf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijkdj;jpy;nfhs;s tz;Lk;.njhifE}y;fs; .6.Gwk;+ ehd;F+ E}W - GwehD}W> ‘Gwk;’ vdTk;> ‘Gwg;ghl;L’ vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. vl;Lnjhif



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E}y;fSs; xd;W. ntl;rp Kjy; ngUe;jpiz Kba cs;s Gwj;jpizfSf;Fhpa Jiwg; nghUs;fs; mike;j (400) ehD}W ghly;fisf;nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ‘GwehD}W’ vd;W ngah; ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghbAs;shh;. gy;NtW fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j gy;NtW Gyth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lit.KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs; Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaOts;sy;fs;>filr;rq;fg; Gyth;fs; MfpNahhpd; tPuk;> nfhilj;jpwk;> ngUik Kjyhdtw;iw GwehD}w;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk;. rq;f fhyj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw> ehfhpfk;> Nghh;j;jpwk;> gz;ghL kw;Wk; gof;f tof;fq;fs; gw;wpar; nra;jpfisg; GwehD}W ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.GwehD}W> ‘jkpohpd; cahpa tho;tpay; rpe;jidfis tpsf;Fk; fUT+yk;‛ ,J njhFf;fg;gl;l fhyk; fp.gp.,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L. ,jpy; 11Gwj;jpizfSk ; 65JiwfSk; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;l [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;J ntspapl;Ls;shh;. 7. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit? mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; + Gwk; 1. ew;wpiz> 4. fypj;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg; gj;J2.FWe;njhif 5.mfehD}W 7. GwehD}W 8.ghpghly;3. Iq;FWE}W 2. ehpnt& cj;jiyahh; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.fad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;wPNu‛KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;Gcila rhd;NwhNu!fzpr;rpf; $h;k;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd; gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjh‛$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu tUk;NghJ tUe;JtPh;! mg;NghJ tUe;jpg; gadpy;iy.‘ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;‛capUld; thOk; NghNj ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. ey;y tpidfisr; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ jtph;j;J tpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJ kl;Lkd;W>cq;fis kWikapy; ey;y topahfpa tPl;Lyfpy;nrYj;jf;$ba mwtopAk; mJNtahFk;‛vd;W ehpnt&cj;jiyahh; $Wfpwhh;. 8. ,lQ;Rl;b tpsf;Ff. ‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;G kpd;‛,lk; ngw;w E}y;: GwehD}W ‘gy;rhd;wPNu’

vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;. $wpath; - Mrphpah;> Nfl;lth;- gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;Nwhh; 2 tpsf;fk;: KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu!$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu tUk;NghJtUe;Jtjhy; ve;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy ( capUld; ........... vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpwhh; ehpnt&cj; jiyath; 9. ,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld ahit? tpy;ypd; rpwg;G ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ; Xh; mk;gpid tpLj;Jg; ngUq;fly; fha;e;J> tw;WkhW nra;jJ. thspd; rpwg;G Nrho kf;fs; ey;tho;T ngwf; fhtphp MW gha;tjw;Fr; iry kiyia ntl;b toptpl;lJ; thdj;jpy; mire;j mRuh;fspd; efuj;jpidj; njhiyj;jJ. Kurpd;rpwg;G tQ;rp khehpy; jpiwahff; nfhLj;j flg;g kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Nghhpy; Njhw;w Ntw;W ehl;L kd;diuj; jiyapy; kz; Rke;J fhtphp miz fl;LkhW nra;jJ.nfhbapd;rpwg;G Mapuk; fz;fisf; nfhz;L. NkUkiyiaj; jhtpr; Rw;wp te;j ,e;jpuidf; nfhbapy; Gypahff; nfhz;lJ.Filapd; rpwg;G Nrho ehl;L kf;fisf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L> thdsT nebJ cah;e;J> mz;l $lj;ij xj;J epw;gJ ,uhruhr Nrho kd;ddpd; Fil 10. njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;JKf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf. #hpadpd; ntg;gj;jpdhy; ntapy; fhAk; kf;fspd; tapW grpahy; fhahJntz;ikahd japh;fz;lq;fs;jhd; kf;fs; Neha; fz;lq;fshy; kdk; fyq;fhh; epiy FiyAk;.kha;e;J xoptd ehopifAk; thuKNk MFk; kf;fSs; ,sikapy; ,wg;gth; vtUk; ,yh;fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ePH;r;Ropfis cila kf;fs; gpwehl;Lg; gilahy; fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ,y;iynts;sk; kl;LNk ed;F Kw;wpa nre;ney; gapNu jiy rhAk; kf;fs; fhag;gl;Lk;> Fiy NehAw;Wk; jiy rha;tJ ,y;iy. Jwtpfs; kl;LNk jdpahf tho;thh; fztd; kidtpah; jdpj;J ,uhh;.re;jdf;fl;il kl;LNk miug;gjhy; NjAk; nra;Aspy;nghUs; Nja;T ,uhJ ,itNa njd;fiu ehl;bd;tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdthk;. 11.jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j J}Jnkhopfs;ahit? nre;jhkiu kyh; Nghd;w moFk; Fsph;r;rpAk; cila fz;fis cilatuhd jpUkhy; Japy;nfhs;tJ Nghy> re;jdkuq;fs; epiwe;Js;s nghjpa kiyr; rhuypy; Fbnfhz;L thOk; Nkff; $l;lq;fNs!



mofpa ntz;kjpAk; ,iuNjb miyfpd;w Fapypd; ,sq;FQ;Rk; vd; capiu tpOq;Ftjhy; ehd; kpfTk; tUe;JfpNwd;.vd; epiyia NkU kiyapYk; fapyha kiyapYk;> nghjpakiyapYk; jq;fp tho;gtUk;> mur Fkhupahfpa jlhjifg;gpuhl;bapd; fztUkhfpa kJiuapy; vOe;jUsp cs;s NrhkRe;jug; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W Gfy;tPh;fshf! vd;W jiytpNkfj;jplk; J}J nkhopfis nkhope;jhs;. 12. ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;is ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd ahit? jpUg;ghw;fliy kiyNghd;w jk; iffshy; file;J> mKjj;ij vLj;Jj; Njth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;j ngUikkpf;f jpUkhy; vOe;jUsp tho;fpd;w kiy jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;. gpiwr;re;jpuidj; jiyapy; #ba rptngUkhDk; kdk; Fspuf; fhZk; kiy. gpuk;kDk;> ,e;jpuDk; Ntjq;fis Muha;fpd;w Kdpth;fSk; Kg;gJ Kf;Nfhbj; Njth;fSk; jk; fz;fshy; fz;L jhprpf;Fk; kiy. ,th;fs; midtUk; fhiy> khiy Mfpa ,U NtisfspYk; jk; mwpTf;Fs; Njf;fp itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;w rpwe;j kiy ‘ jpUNtq;flkiy’ MFk;. 13 gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G vOJf. ngah; : gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; gpwe;j Ch; : Nrho ehl;bYs;s ‘jpUkq;if’ rkak; : itztk; fhyk; : fp.gp 17 Mk; E}w;whz;L rpwg;G ngah;fs; : ‘jpt;tpaftp’mofpakzthsjhrh;’ nja;tf; ftpQh; ,aw;wpait : vl;L E}y;fspd; njhFjpiaf;nfhz;l m\;lg;gpuge;jk; Mw;wpa gzpfs; : kJiu jpUkiy ehaf;fkd;dhpd; mitapy; mYtyh;; gpd;dh; ,iwj; njhz;by; jk;ik<LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. cah;itg;Gyg;gLj;Jk; gonkhop.m\;lgpuge;jk; fw;wtd; miug; gz;bjd; nrhy; - nghUs; - njhil- eil Nehf;Ff; nfhz;L> ,th;jk; ghly;fs; xsph;fpd;wd. 14.ehapNdd; kwe;J vz;zpidf;NfNd’ vd;W Re;juh; cUFkhw;wpid tpsf;Ff. fw;gf kuk; Nghd;wts; Ntz;Lgth;f;F Ntz;batw;iw toq;Fk; fw;gfj; jUtpidg; Nghd;wtd; rptngUkhd; fdfkhy;tiu nghd;kakhd fapyha kiyiag; Nghd;wtd; fhkNfhgd; jd; jtj;jpw;F ,ilA+W tpistpj;j fhkd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhz;L new;wpf; fz;zhy; vhpj;jtd;fz; Ejyhd; new;wpapy; jPg;nghwp gwf;Fk; new;wpf; fz;iz cilatd;> rptngUkhd;.Nrhjp tbthdtd; nrhy;Yk; nrhw;fspd; nghUs;top Vw;gLk; mf ,Ushfpa Mzt kyj;jpidg; Nghf;fp>njsptpid mUSk;

J}a;ikahd Nrhjp tbthdtd;.mbadha; jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}hpy; Xh;mbik xiyiaf; fhl;bMl;nfhz;ltd; vd;id (Re;juiu) mbik nfhz;ltd;> rptngUkhd; ew;gjj;jhd; mbath;fSf;F mUs;GhpAk; jpUg;ghjq;fis cilatd; rptngUkhd; es;shw;whd; jpUes;shW vd;Dk; gjpapy; vOe;jUsp ,Ug;gtd;mKjhdtd; mKjk; Nghy; vd; caphpy; fye;J ,dpg;gtd; rptngUkhd;.,j;jifa rpwg;Gfis cila rptngUkhid kwe;J> eha; Nghd;w mbatdhfpa ehd; NtW vd;d epidg;Ngd;?xd;iwAk; epidf;f khl;Nld; vd;W Re;juh; kdk; cUFfpwhh;. 15. FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk; ahit? FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ ‘Njdhh;G+Q; Nrhiyj; jpUNtq; flr; RisapykPdhw;g; gpwf;Fk; tpjpAilNa dhNtNdNjd; rpe;Jk ; kyh; Nrhiyfis cilajpUNtq;flk; vd;Dk; jpUkiyapy; cs;sePh; epiwe;jRidfspy; kPdha;g; gpwf;Fk; ew;Ngw;wpidNa ehdtpUk;GfpNwd; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;lhjJ Mdhj nry;tj; juk;igah;fs; jw;#othdhSQ; nry;tKk; kz;zuRk; ahd; Ntz;Nld;‛ Fiwtw;w moF kpf;f thDyf eldkhjh;fshfpa muk;igah;fs; vd;idr; Rw;wp FOkpaUf;f,e;jpuNyhfj;ijMSk; tha;g;Gk; xUNru vdf;Fffpilg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw ehd; tpUk;g khl;Nld; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; $Wfpwhh 16. rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;? ‘ ,NaR gpuhd;> fd;dpj;jd;ik mopahj khpahspd; kfdhf ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpdhh;. epiyngw;w mopahj,t;Tyfj;jpy; thOk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd caph;fs; midj;Jk; tPLNgw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lj; mj;jifa,uf;fKs;s topgL flTshfpa ,NaR ngUkhid> ek; ,UiffisAk; jiyNky; J}f;fp $g;gpj; njhOJ tzq;FNthk;‛ vd;W rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ,NaR ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;. 17. mwpth;f;Fk; mwptdhfpa mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topg;gl;lik vt;thW? mwpQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; rpwe;j mwpQdha; ,Uf;Fk; mUfNjtNd !eP mhpaizapy;mUs;newpNahL mkh;e;jpUg;gha;. xsptPRk; ntz;ikahd fthpiaf; ifapy; Ve;jp> fe;jUth; cd; ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; epd;W> fthpfis mirg;gh;. MNyhfk;> gpugh%h;j;jp> fdg;gpuia Mfpa %d;W jpUnthsp epoy; jUk; kz;byq;fs; xsptPrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpq;fisg; Nghd;w tl;ltbtkhd Kf;Filfs; jiyf;F Nky; ftpo;e;J epoy;jUk;



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Njth;$l;lkhfpa ey;y mitapdh; Nfl;L njsptilAk; gb> %d;W Mfkq;fisj; jpUtha; kyh;e;J mUspdha; ! MfNt ! ePyNfrptopgl;lhh;. 1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; xd;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (17 to 19) 1x8=8 1 . ‘nra;e;ed;wpawpjy;’ gw;wp ts;Sth; $wpAs;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf. itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh: 1.. itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh vjw;F? 1. ehk; Xh; cjtpAk; nra;ahJ ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; xUth; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F ,k;kz;ZyfKk; tpz;ZyfKk; xg;ghfh. 2. epy cyfj;ij tpl kpfg;nghpaJ vJ? epy cyfj;ij tplg; nghpaJ 2. Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUth; nra;j cjtp kpfr; rpwpajha; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,e;epycyfj;ij tpl kpfTk; nghpajhFk;. flypd; nghpaJ: 3. flypd; nghpaJ vJ? 3. gaid vjph;ghuhky; xUth; nra;j cjtpapd; rpwg;ig Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mJ flypDk; nghpajhFk;. nra;ed;wpmwpthhpd; ,ay;G : 4. xUth; jpiz msT kpfr; rpwpa cjtpiar; nra;jhYk;> mjidg; gidasT nghpjha; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;> gad; njhpthh;. 5. xUth; kw;wth;f;Fr; nra;j cjtp mt;Tjtpapd; msitg; nghWj;jJ md;W;mt;Tjtpiag; ngw;wtUila jFjp t;tstpdNjh mt;tsitg; nghWj;jjhFk;. kwtw;f Jwtw;f: 4.. kwtw;f vdTk; Jwtw;f vdTk; jpUts;Sth; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;? 6. jpUts;Sth;> Fw;wkw;w ey;yth; el;gpid kwj;jy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. Jd;gk; Neh;e;j fhyj;jpy; jkf;F cjtpaha; ,Ue;jth;fspd; el;igf; iftpLjy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth;: 7. jkf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;jpid ePf;fpatUila cah;e;j el;gpid VO tifg;gl;l gpwtpaYk; kwthJ epidj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;>rhd;Nwhh; . kwg;gJk; kwthjJk;: 8. gpwh; nra;j ed;ikia kwg;gJ mwkhfhJ. mth;nra;j jPikia clNd kwe;J tpLtJ mwkhFk;. ed;wy;yij kwf;f: 9. nfhiy nra;tJ Nghd;w nfhLikfisr; nra;jhYk;> mth; nra;j xU ed;ikia epidf;f> jPikfs; vy;yhk;kiwe;J tpLk;. nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLik: 5.. nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLikiaf; $Wf. 1. vj;jifa mwq;fis mopj;jth;f;Fk; mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;f topAz;L. Mdhy;>

xUtd; nra;j cjtpiakwe;jtDf;F mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;Fk; top ,y;iyahk;. 2 . ‘nghiwAilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf. nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;G: 1. jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; fPNo tpohky; jhq;Fk; G+kpiag; Nghyj; jk;ik mtkjpg;gtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; jiyrpwe;j mwkhFk;. 2. gpwh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; rpwe;jJ. me;jf; Fw;wj;jpid kwe;J tpLjy; mijtplr; rpwe;jJ. 3. tWikf;Fs; tWikahtJ tPl;bw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f KbahikNa MFk;. (mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;jFw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ typikf;Fs; rpwe;j typikahFk;) 4. ew;Fzq;fs; ek;ik tpl;L ePq;fhjpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> nghWik vd;Dk; Fzj;ijg; Nghw;wpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpwh; nra;jd nghWj;jy; 5. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jtiur; rhd;Nwhh; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;fkhl;lhh;. Mdhy;> nghWj;Jf; 6. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jth; me;j xU ehs; kl;LNk kd epiwthfpa ,d;gk; va;Jth;. jPq;F nra;jtiug; nghWj;J nfhz;lth;f;Nfh cyfk; mopAk; tiu Gfo; cz;lhFk;. 7. nra;aj;jfhj Jd;gr; nray;fisg; gpwh; jdf;Fr; nra;jhYk; mjw;fhf tUe;jp mwj;jpw;F khwhd nray;fisr; nra;ahjpUj;jy; ey;yJ. 8. nrUf;fpdhy; jkf;Fj; jPik nra;jhiuAk; jkJ nghWikapdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; nfhLQ;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;: 9. tuk;Gfle;J NgRNthhpd; nfhba nrhw;fisAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; gw;ww;w JwtpapDk; Nkyhdth; Mth;. 10. cz;zhNehd;G ,Uf;Fk; nghpath;fis tplj; jk;ik ,fo;Nthhpd; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; Nkyhdth;Mthh 3 . ‘mwpTilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njhptpf;f ngw;Ws;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf. mwptpd; rpwg;G: 1. mwpT vd;gJ> xUtUf;F mopT Neuhky; Kd;dNu mwpe;J fhf;ff; $ba fUtpahFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp giftuhy;mopf;f Kbahj muZk; MFk;.mwptpd; ,yf;fzk;: 2. kdj;ijj; jPa topfspypUe;J tpyf;fp> ey;y topapy; nrYj;JtNj mwpthFk;.



3. ve;jr; nra;jpia vth; $wf; Nfl;lhYk;> mr;nra;jpapy; cs;s cz;ikahd nghUis Muha;e;J fhz ty;yNjrpwe;j mwpthFk;. 4. gpwh; kdk; nfhs;SkhW mhpa fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiug;gJk;> gpwh; $Wtdtw;Ws; Ez;nghUs; fhz;gJk; rpwe;j mwpthFk;. 5. cyfpy; mwpT> xOf;fk; epiwe;j cah;e;jhNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j el;gpy; tsh;jy;> Nja;jy; ,y;yhky;vg;nghOJk; xNu epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; rpwe;j mwpthFk;. 6. cyfj;jhh; vt;topapy; elf;fpd;wdNuh mt;topapy; jhDk; elg;gNj rpwe;j mwpthFk;. mwpTilahuJ ,yf;fzk;: 7. mwpTilahh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; cilath; Mth;. mwptpyhh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpa ,ayhjth; Mth;. 8. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rhky; tho;tJ mwpahik MFk;. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rptho;jy;mwpTilNahh; nrayhFk;. mwpTilahh;f;Fj; Jd;gkpy;iy 9. gpd;dhy; tuf;$ba Jd;gq;fis Kd;dNu mwpe;Jfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba mwpTilahh;f;F> mth; mQ;rp eLq;FkhWNeuf;$ba Jd;gk; vJTkpy;iy. vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wkpy;yhjth;: 10. mwpTilahh; NtW vJTk; ,y;yhjtuhdhYk; vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; cilath; Mth;. mwpT ,y;yhjth; vy;yhr;nry;tq;fisAk; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; Mth 4 . tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jpUts;Sth; $wpAs;sd ahit? tpidj;jpl;gk;: 1. tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ> xUtd; vj;jid ,lh;ghLfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyq;fhky;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;J Kbf;Fk; kdtypikahFk;. gpw> jpz;ikfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;glh. ‘Ma;e;jth; Nfhs;’: 2. xUth;> xU nraiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ Neuf;$ba ,ilA+Wfis Kd;Ng njhpe;J Kad;W tpyf;FjYk;> Kad;W jLj;Jk; ,ilA+W NeUkhapd; kdk; fyq;fhikAk; tpidj;jpl;gKilahh; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba newpfshkvw;wh tpOkk; jUk; 3. xUtd;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy KbtpNy Gyg;gLkhW kiwj;Jr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. me;jr; nray; ,ilapNy ntspg;gLkhapd; mJ tpid nra;thDf;F ePq;fhj Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;. vspaTk; mhpaTk; Mtd: 4. nra;J Kbj;jw;F mhpa nray;fisAk; nra;J Kbf;f KbAk; vd;W $Wjy; vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; vspikahdJ MFk;. Mdhy;> nrhy;ypagb nra;J Kbj;jy; kpfTk; mUikahdJ MFk;. tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;G: 5. vz;zj;jhy; rpwg;nga;jpa> khl;rpikg;gl;l mikr;rdJ tpidj;jpl;gk;> murDf;Fr; rpwg;ig

cz;lhf;Fkhjyhy;mtd; midtuhYk; kjpf;fg;gLthd; vz;zpahq;F va;Jthh;: 6. xU nraiyr; nra;J Kbj;jw;F chpa kdj;jpl;gk; cilath;> jhk; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathNw nra;J Kbf;f ty;yth; Mthh;. cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk; : 7. tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;nghpa Njiur; nrYj;Jk;. mJNghy> tbtpy; rpwpatUk; kpfg;nghpa nraiyr; nra;a ty;yth; Mth;. mjdhy;> cUtpidf; fz;L xUtiu ,fof; $lhJ. tpid nra;Ak; Kiw: 8. tpidj;jpl;g Kilahh;> jhk; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy kdk; njspe;J> Jzpe;J> Nrhh;tpy;yhky;> fhyk; jho;j;jhJ tpiue;J nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 9. xU nraypidr; nra;Ak; NghJ Jd;gq;fs; Nkd;NkYk; mLf;fp te;jhYk; kdk; fyq;fhky; Kbtpy; ,d;gk; jUk; mr;nraiyj; JzpTld; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; cyfj;jhy; kjpf;fg;glhjth;: 10. tpid nra;tjpy; kdj;jpl;gk; cilatiuNa cyfk; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;Wk;. tpidj;jpl;gk; ,y;yhjth; NtW vj;jifa jpl;gKilatuhapDk; mtiu cyfk; tpUk;ghJ. 1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; xd;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (20 to 21) 4x1=4‘ 1.neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt ‚ Koe;jd;W mk;k ehk Kd;dpa tpidNa 1.,t;tb gapd;Ws;s E}y; mfehD}W 2. ,jidg; ghbath; kJiu...... ks;sdhh; 3. tyt -nghUs; Njh;g;ghfd; Gutp - Fjpiu 4. ,jpYs;s jpiz Ky;yiyj; jpiz 5. jiykfd; Njh;g;ghfw;Fr;nrhy;ypaJ 2.‘gr;#d; nga;j ige;epz ty;rp nghyk;Gid fyj;jpw; wUFntd; khNjh‛ 1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; Iq;FWE}W2. ghlypd; Mrphpah; Xjyhe;ijahh;3. ,J ew;wha; $w;whf cs;sJ 4. gr;#d; - grpa Cd; / gRikahd khkprk; 5. ew;wha; fhf;ifaplk; Ntz;baJ 6. ty;rp - czT‘ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw; fhisnah lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk‛ 7. mQ;rpNyhjp - jiytp / jiykfs; 8. fhis - jiy kfd; 3‘ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td; jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh‛ 1.,lk; ngw;w E}y; FWe;njhif 2. ghbath; fgpyh; 3.fs;td; -jiytd; 4. tiuT ePl;bj;j tplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopaplk; $wpaJ 5. ngha;g;gpd; - #Siu‘xOFeP uhuy; ghh;f;Fk;FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw‛ 6. xOF ePH; - XLfpd;w ePH; 7. Muy; - Muy; kPd;



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8. FUF - ehiu 4‘ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk; -cd; tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; !‛ 1. ftpij Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfNs ! 2. ,ijg; ghbath; jhuhghujp 3. %iyapy; Klq;fpf; fplf;Fk; thypgid Nehf;fpg; ghLfpwhh;4. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; 5. ntWq;if vd;gJ %ljdk;‘ Njhy;tpfs; VJk; cdf;fpy;iy - ,dpj;njhLth dk; jhd; cd; vy;iy‛6. ftpijj; njhFg;G E}y;‘ ,J vq;fs; fpof;F’7. vy;iyahf ,Ug;gJ njhLthdk; 8. cdf;F - ,d;iwa ,isQh;fs; 9. njhopy; nra;a ek;kplk; vJTkpy;iy vd;W nrhy;tJ %lj;jdkhFk;. 5.gj;J tpuy;fshy; tUfpd;w ciog;Ng ‘ciog;Ng’ ekf;F %yjdkhFk;. ,JNt ghly;thpfs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;J ‘flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd‛ 1. E}ypd; ngah; -ghz;bad; ghpR 2. ghlyhrphpah; - ghujpjhrd; 3. ,ijf; $wpath; Mj;jhf;fpotp4. md;dj;jplk; $wpdhh;5. nts;sj;jpypUe;Jk; Ntoehl;L kwthplkpUe;Jk; md;dk; fhg;ghw;w gl;l NghJ $wpdhh;.‘ tha;j;jPNu khdj;ij capiuf; .........‛ 6. ,jidf; $wpath; md;dk; 7. Mj;jhtpd; kfd; Ntydplk; $wpdhs; 8. flik Ghpe;jtd; Ntyd;. 6.‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;j NyhkGkpdJ jhd; 1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; GwehD}W 2. ghlyhrphpah; ehpnt&cj; jiyahh; 3. Xk;Gkpd; jtph;j;J tpLtPh; (jPaJ nra;jiy) 4. Mw;wPuhapDk; vJ? ey;yJ nra;jy; 5. fzpr;rp- kOthAjk; 6. taJ Kjph;e;j rhd;Nwhh;fisg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 7. fad;Ks; - eiuKbf;F ctik 8. jpiufTs; - RUq;fpa fd;dk; 7.‘tUit ahfpa rpd;dhs; thoh shjy;ew; fwpe;jid nrd;Nk‛ 1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ew;wpiz 2. Mrphpah; - ef;fz;izahh; 3. Njhop> jiytid Nehf;fpf; $wpaJ 4. rpd;dhs; - rpyehs; 5. ‘ew;fwpe;jid nrd;Nk’ - ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;L nry;thahf 8.‘vjph;e;j mt; tuf;fid ntd;why; Mq;F ehd;mtw;F vd; kfs; ..........‛ 1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - Njk;ghtzp 2. muf;fd;- Nfhypahj;J 3. ghlyhrphpah; - tPukhKdpth; 4. ehd; - rTy; kd;dd; 5. ,];uNay; kf;fis vjph;j;jhd;/ mrdp - ,b 9.rPh;Kfj;J ,sty; - ,isNahd; jhtPjd;

kjahid - Nfhypahj;J gykspg;gth; - flTs; ty;ifNahL - ,iwtDila typikahd fuq;fNshL ‘tz;Liw XjpAk; typas;‛ 1. E}y; - fk;guhkhazk; 2. Mrphpah; - fk;gh; 3. typas; - rPij 4. kw;wptd; -mDkd; 10.‘ mz;lh; ehaf ,dpj;Jwj;jp‛> $wpath; - mDkd; mz;lh; ehafd; - ,uhkh; ‘jpq;fnshd; wpUg;gd; .............‛ $wpath; - rPij mDkdplk; $wpdhh; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; - rPij kz; Fspur; nra;Ak; kwNty;..........‛ 1. E}y; -rpyg;gjpfhuk; 2. Mrphpau; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs; 3. $wpath;-kJiu khefu kf;fs; 4. ‘jz;Fil’ -ghz;ba kd;dd; cilaJ. 1.vitNaDk; ,ud;lDf;F kl;Lk; cWg;gpyf;fzk; (24 to 28) 2+2=4 1. thopa - tho; + ,a tho; - gFjp> ,a- tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp 2. nra;f - nra; + f nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp 3. G+l;b - G+l;L + , G+l;L - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp 4. va;jp - va;J + , 5. Nghw;wp - Nghw;W + , 6. Ve;jp - Ve;J +, 7. Nehf;fp - Nehf;F +, 8. Njhd;wp - Njhd;W +, 9. Jwj;jp - Jwj;J + , 10. ,iwQ;rp - ,iwQ;R + , ,iwQ;R - gFjp , - tpidnar;r gFjp 11. fhzPh; - fhz; + <h; fhz; - gFjp> <h; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp 12. GfyPh; - Gfy; + <h; Gfy; - gFjp <h;- Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp 13. Xk;Gkpd; - Xk;G + kpd; Xk;G - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp> j;> l;> w;> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs; fpW>fpd;W> M epd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiyfs; g;> t;> f; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs; 14. mirj;j -mir +j; + j; + m mir - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;rtpFjp Kof;fp - Kof;f +, Kof;F - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp 15. cjtpa - cjT + ,(d;) + a + m cjT - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;j fhy,ilepiy> ‘d;’ nfl;lJ tpfhuk;> a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp> m - nganur;r tpFjp 16. Nehf;fpa - Nehf;F +,d; + a + m



17. Koq;fpa - Koq;F + ,(d + a; + m 18. RUq;fpa - RUq;F + ,(d;) + a; + m 19. jpwe;J - jpw + j;(e;) + j; + c jpw - gFjp> j;- re;jp ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy c- tpidnar;r tpFjp 20. xopj;J - xop + j;(e;) + j;+ c 21. jpwe;j - jpw + j;(e; + j; + m jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp. e; MdJ tpfhuk; j;-,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp 22. kze;j - kz + j;(e;) + j; + m 23. ,oe;j - ,o + j;(e;) + j; + m 24. miwjy; - miw + jy; miw- gFjp> jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp 25. thoj;Jtk; - thoj;J + t + mk; tho;j;J - gFjp > t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> mk; -jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp 26. Mw;wPh; - Mw;W + M + <h; 1.vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F ,yf;fzFwpg;G 3x2=6 1.jpUe;Jnkhop -<h;tis 2.jpiufTs; - Kjph;kuk; 3.cah;rpid- cah; kuk; 4. xOFePh;nghq;Fjhkiu 5.Gidfyk;- epiwkjp 6.miyfly; -mfy;Kfpy; 7.glh; Kfpy;- tphpefh; 8. Rlh; xsp -cah; vz;zk; 9.fspelk; nra;Fd;W 10. jho;gpwg;G-ciwNtq;flk; 1.vitNaDk; ,ud;lDf;F kl;Lk Gzh;r;rp tpjp1x4=4

nrhy; gphpg;G ehd; + vd;W epiynkhop tUnkhop Gzh;r;rp tpjp: ‘cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng‛ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; <w;W nka;Ak; (d;) tUnkhopapd; KjYk; (v)( d;; +v-nd)vdg; Gzh;e;J> ‘ehndd;W’vd;whdJ. 1. khDio - khd; +cio (d;;+ c - D) 2. ahUkpy;iy - ahUk;+ ,y;iy (k;+ , -kp) 3. ahndtd; - ahd; + vtd; (d; + v - nd) 4. mwdy;y - mwd; +my;y ( d; +m -d) 5. gfYiw - gfy; + ciw ( y;+ c-Y) 6. capUz;L - caph;+ cz;L ( h;+ c - U) 7. jkpopypyh - jkpopy; + ,yh ( y;+ , - yp) 8. jkpod;id - jkpo; + md;id (o;+ m- o) 9. thdhSk; - thd;+MSk; ( d;+ M - d) 10. gk;gukhfp - gk;guk; +Mfp ( k;+ M - kh) 11. FUFKz;L - FUFk;+ cz;L ( k;+c - K) 12. ,thf; splk; - ,thf; s+; ,lk ; (sp) 13. vz;znky;yhk; -vz;zk;+ vy;yhk; (k; +v- nk) 14. ,UsWj;jpLk; -,Us;+mWj;jpLk; ( s; + m-s) KJkuk; - KJik +kuk; ‘<WNghjy;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb > epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s (ik) tpFjp nfl;L >KJ +kuk; KJkuk; vd;whdJ.Ks;spiy – Ks;;+ ,iy Ks;s; + ,iy -Ks;spiy jd;Daph; - jd; + caph; jd;d; + caph; -jd;Daph;

fz;Zilahh; - fz; + cilahh;> fz;z; + cilahh; - fz;Zilahh;

1.nghUj;Jf (29-32) 4x1=4 1 . ftpQh; Ch; 1. fk;gh; - jpUtOe;J}h; 2. tuj eQ;irag;gps;is - Njhukq;fyk; 3. nt.,uhkypq;fdhh; - NkhfD}h; 2 . Mrphpah; E}y; 1. fk;gh; - ,uhkhazk; 2. tujeQ;ira gps;is - jkpourp FwtQ;rp 3. ,uhkypq;fdhh; - ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs; 3.nrhy; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G 1. mbtho;j;Jtk; - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif2. jpUe;J nkhop - tpidj; njhif 3. thopa thopa - mLf;Fj; njhlh; 4. tho;j;Jtk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W 4 . jpiz epyk; 1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyr; rhh;e;j ,lKk; 2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk; 3. kUjk; - taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk; 4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk; 5. ghiy - RuKk; RuQ; rhh;e;j ,lKk; 5 . jpiz ghbNahh; 1. FwpQ;rp - fgpyh; 2. Ky;iy - Ngadhh; 3. kUjk; - Xuk; Nghfpahh; 4. nea;jy; - mk;%tdhh; 5. ghiy - Xjyhe;ijahh; 6 . nrhy; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G 1. Ks;spiy - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk;gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif 2. xOFePh; - tpidj;njhif 3. ed;khd; - gz;Gj; njhif 4. mQ;rpNyhjpia tu - md;nkhopj; njhif 7 . nrhy; nghUs; 1. jpiz - kpfr;rpwpa msT 2. gid - xU NgusT 3. rhy;G - epiw gz;G 4. Jg;G - gw;Wf;NfhLfs; 5. klthh; - mwptpypfs; 6. Xuhy; - ePf;Fjy; 7. nghd;Wk; - mopAk; 8. tpUe;J - Gjpajha; te;jth; 9. nrWthh; - gifth; 10. xl;gk; - mwpTilik 11. ca;g;gJ - nrYj;JtJ 12. Ngijik - mwpT ,d;ik 13 xy;fhik - jsuhik14. tpOkk; - Jd;gk; ;15. jpz;zpah; - typah; 16 tPW - rpwg;G 8 . Gyth; ,aw;wpaE}y; 1. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; 2. jpUj;jf;f Njth; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp



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3. ehjFj;jdhh; - Fz;lyNfrp 4. rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhu; - kzpNkfiy 9 . E}y; Mrphpah; 1. ,uhruhrNrhoDyh - xl;lf;$j;jh; 2. jpUNtq;lj;je;jhjp - gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh ; 3. kJiuf;fyk;gfk; - FkuFUgh; 4. Kf;$lw;gs;S - Mrphpah; ngah; njhpatpy;iy 5. Fapy;ghl;L - ghujpahh; 6. mofpd; rphpg;G – ghujpjhrd; 7.JiwKfk;-Rujh 8. ghy;tPjp - mg;Jy; uFkhd; 10 . ghly; ftpQh; 1. Gj;jfrhiy - ghujpjhrd; 2. jPf;Fr;rpfs; - mg;Jy; uFkhd; 3. rpf;fdk; - Rujh 4. fhL - thzpjhrd; 11 . nrhy; nghUs; 1. Rtb - E}y; 2. nta;Nahd; - fjputd; 3. nrl;L - rpf;fdk; 4. rpe;ij - cs;sk; 5. Njthuk; - Re;juu; 6. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ckWg;Gyth; 7. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpU\;zg;gps;is 12 . E}y; rkak; 1. kzpNkfiy - ngsj;jk; 2. ePyNfrp - rkzk; 3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpwpj;jtk; 4. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ,Ryhk; xU kjpg;ngz; njhFg;G(33to48) 1. fk;gh; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gyth;fSs; xUth; xl;lf; $j;jh;. 2. ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd’; vd;Dk; flTs;tho;j;Jg; ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk; Aj;j fhz;lk;. 3. jkpourpf; FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; KUfd;. 4. Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ GwehD}W MFk;. 5. GwehD}w;wpd; jpizfs; gjpndhd;W. 6. GwehD}w;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; 65 (mWgj;ije;J) 7. jkpohpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; fUt+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; E}y; GwehD}W. 8. rq;f E}y;fs; goe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk; Mfpa njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ,yf;fpaq;fsha;j; jpfo;fpd;wd. 9. GwehD}w;Wg; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghbAs;shh;. 10. GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw ntsp ehl;lwpQh; [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;j;Js;shh;. 11. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs;xd;W ghpghly;. 12. mfehD}W kzpkpil gtsj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 180. 13. mfehD}w;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw13 mbKjy; 31 mbtiu

14. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khw tOjp. 15. ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw 9 mbKjy;12mbtiu. 16. fgpyh; ghz;ba ehl;bYs;s jpUthjT+upy; gpwe;jhh;. 17. fgpyh; ghhp kd;ddpd; mitfsg; Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. 18. fgpyhpd; ghl;Lj; jpwDf;F fgpyuJ ghl;L vd;Dk; njhlNu rhd;whFk;. 19. fgpyh; FwpQ;rpj; jpizg; ghly;fs; ghLtjpy; ty;yth;. 20. fgpyiu ‘tha;nkhopf; fgpyh;’ vd;W Nghw;wpath; ef;fPuh; Mthh;. 21. FWe;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbath; ngUe;Njtdhh;. 22. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFj;jth; Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;. 23. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jth; Nrukd;dd; ahidf; fl;Nra; khe;juQ; NruypUk; nghiwMthh;. 24. Fwl;gh vd;gJ <ub ntz;gh. 25. mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fs; 38. 26. jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs; 9 . 27.nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs;murpay;>mq;ftpay;>xopgpay ;. 28. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czh;j;JtJ jpUts;Stkhiy. 29. nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd; gb mth; tho;e;j fhyk; fp.K. 31 30. ‘ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk’ vdg; ghbath; ghujpjhrd; 31. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; %d;W . 32. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gphpT fhij . 33. thp vd;gJ ,irg;ghly;. 34.rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrphpaUs; xUth;mUk;gjTiufhuh ;. 35. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngah;fspy; xd;W ciuapilapl;l. 36. jhk; ,aw;wpa ,uhk fhijf;Ff; fk;gh; ,l;l ngah; ,uhkhtjhuk; 37. fk;gehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff; $wg;gLk; fzf;fPL njhz;Z}w;whW. 38. fk;guhkhzaj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; 6 . 39. cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbath; xl;lf; $j;jh; . 40. Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy; toq;fg;gLgth; mDkd; . 41. rpwpa jpUtb vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; mDkd;. 42. jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kfs;. 43. ,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhf rPijaplk; mDkd; fhl;baJ fizahop. 44. rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr; nry;y tpjpj;j fhyk; xU jpq;fs;. 45.Re;jufhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy;Ie;jhq; fhz;lk; MFk; .46. tPukhKdpthpd; jha;ehL ,j;jhyp .



47. nfhd;];lhd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; mQ;rhjtd; . 48. njhFj;j mfuhjp rJufuhjp. 49. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhop ngah;j;Jj; je;jJ ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; 50.Njk;ghtzpE}ypd;ghl;Lilj;jiyth;#ir khKdpth ; 51. ftpr;rf;uth;j;jp> ftp uhl;rfd; vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;gLgth; xl;lf;$j;jh; 52. ‘jpt;tpaftp’ vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgth; gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;. 53.jkpopy;Kjypy;Njhd;wpafyk;gfk;ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;. 54. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpak; fyk;gfk;. 55. ‘Gyd;’ vd;Dk; ,yf;fpatif gs;S. 56. ‘gpuge;jk;’> vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ. 57. Kf;$lw;gs;S gh tif rpe;Jg;gh. 58. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; . 59.rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; ghpR ngw;w E}y; gprpuhe;ijahh;. 60. ghujpjhrd; ntspapl;l ,jo; Fapy;. 61. ‘tho;tpdpw; nrk;ikiar; nra;git ePNa’ vd;w tho;j;ijj; jk; tho;j;jhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s muR GJit muR. 62. tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbath; tpahrh;. 63. ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5 (Ie;J). 64. ‘ekf;F njhopy; ftpij> ehl;bw;F cioj;jy;’ vd;W ghbath; ghujpahh;. 65. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyh;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lth; ghujpahh;. 66. nre;jkpioj; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz tpUk;gpath; ghujpjhrd;. 67. gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj; jiythplk; nrthypa tpUJ ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;. 68. ftpQNuW> ghtyh; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;. 69. Rujh E}y;fSs; jkpo; tsh;r;rpj; Jiwapd; ghprpidg; ngw;w E}y; Njd; kio. 70. jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; jkpo; md;id tpUJ ngw;wth; mg;Jy; uFkhd;. 71.ctikf; ftpQh;’ vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth;Rujh. 72. ‘fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh;’ vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; vr;.V. fpU\;zg;gps;is. 73. ‘rpd;dr; rPwh’ vd;w E}iy vOjpath; gD mfkJ kiuf;fhah;. 74. Re;juh; Njthuk; Vohk; jpUKiw. 75. jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu toq;fpath; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is.

76. mwj;Jg;ghypd; ,ay;fs; ghaputpay;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;. 77. fhkj;Jg;ghy; fstpay;> fw;gpay;> 25. 78. mfehD}w;Wf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah; neLe;njhif (ngUe;njhif). 79. NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; - Rit NjWk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;bath; ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is. 80. ef;fz;izahh; kze;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpa murh; Nghuitf; Nfhg;ngUq;fps;sp ,uz;lhk;jhs; ciueil 1. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (1 to 10) 3x4=12 1. cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop 1. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; ahit? ,irj;jkpo; - tpsf;fk; : ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk; jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;. nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; nfhLe;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,yf;fzq;fSkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk; ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd : 1. fPh;j;jidfs; 2. Mde;jf; fspg;G 3. thpg; ghly;fs; 4 Fk;kp5 rpe;J 6 njk;khq;F Kjypad ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd MFk; ;.

,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs; - Kw;fhyk; : 1. ngUehiu2. ngUq;FUF 3. ,ir EZf;fk; 4. jhstifNahj;J vd;gd Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fshFk; ,ilf;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; :Njthuk; Kjypad ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; toq;fpa ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;. jw;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; : 1.fe;j Guhzf; fPh;j;jid2. nghpa Guhzf; fPh;j;jid3. rq;fPj re;jphpif Kjypad jw;fhyj;jpy; toq;fp tUk; ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;. ,irj;jkpopd; rpwg;G : ,irj; jkpo; ,y;yhky; ehlfj; jkpo; rpwg;gilahJ. Milaw;w eq;if ntspg;glhJ cs;slq;fpNa ,Uf;Fk;. ,irj; jkpopd; ,yf;fzk; : ,irAk; jhsKk; Nrh;e;j nra;Al;fNs ,irj; jkpo; vdg;gLk;. ,tw;Ws; xd;W ,y;iy vd;whYk; mJ ,aw;wkpopy; jhd; mlq;Fk;.) 2. ehlfj; jkpo; Fwpj;J Mrphpah; $Wtd ahit? ehlfj;jkpo; ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg; gbf;f Neukpy;yhj gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; gbf;fj; njhpajth;fSf;Fk; ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj; jkpohFk;. mJ Nfl;Nghh;f;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mijf; fhz tpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;wdh;. ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G :



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,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj; jkpo;. ,aYk; ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd. ehlfj;jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp ,d;gKk; jUfpwJ. NkYk;> mJ cs;sij cs;sthNw fhl;LfpwJ. ,jdhy;jhd; gpwehl;ltUk; gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij Nkd;ik ciladthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.) KbTiu : ,t;thW ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;J Kj;J Kj;jhd fUj;Jfisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; njhptpj;Js;shh;.

3. jkpo; - jdpnkhop> cah;nkhop tpsf;Ff. jkpo; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop Kd;Diu : tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fphPf; Kjypa nkhopfisg; Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopNa vd;gij,e;jf; fl;Liuapy;fhz;Nghk;. . cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk; : jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd>Nkd;ik cila nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;. jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : jkpo; nkhopahdJ njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Kjypa nkhopfis tpl cah;thdJ. Goikahd ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fshy; Nkd;ik cilaJ. vdNt> jkpo; nkhop cah;nkhopNaMFk;. jdpnkhop - tpsf;fk; : jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa jdpnkhop MFk;.jhd; gpw nkhopfSf;Fr; nra;Ak; cjtp kpFe;Jk; gpw nkhopfsplk; ,Ue;J jhd; ngWk; cjtp Fiwe;Jk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tof;fkhFk;. jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy; jkpo; nkhopapd; cjtp ,y;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Nghd;w nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ gpw nkhopfspd; cjtp ,y;yhky; jdpj;J ,dpNj ,aq;ff; $baJ. ,e;jpa nkhop E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cz;ik ,J. MfNt> jkpo; nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.)

4.nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? mt;tpyf;fzk; jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jtij epWTf. nrk;nkhop - tpsf;fk; : „jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j (rpwe;j) ehfhpfKk; nghUe;jpa J}a;nkhop Gfy; nrk;nkhop…ahk; vd;gJ ,yf;fzk;. jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rpwe;j ehfhpfKk; cila nkhopNa nrk;nkhop vd;gJ E}yhh; tFj;j ,yf;fzk; MFk;.

jpUe;jpa gz;G :- ,lh;g;gl;l nrhy; KbTfSk; nghUs; KbTfSk; ,y;yhky; 1. nrhy;gth; nrhy;yf; fUjpaijf; Nfl;gth; njspthf czuf; $bajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. .2. gioad fope;J> Gjpad GFe;J> jpUj;jk; cilajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,itjhk; jpUe;jpa gz;G vd;gjd; ,yf;fzk;. jkpo; nkhopf;F ,g;gz;G nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; nkhop jpUe;jpa gz;Gila nkhopahFk;. rPh;j;j ehfhpfk; : 1. ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;g nrhw;fs; Gjpjhfj; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. 2. mt;thW Njhd;Wk; nrhw;fs; gpwnkhop fythky; jd; nrhw;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.jkpo; nkhopf;F ,J Kw;wpYk; nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; nkhopahd rpwe;j ehfhpfk; cila nkhopahFk;.jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rpwe;j ehfhpfKk; cilajhy; jkpo; nkhop nrk;nkhopNa MFk;.) 7 KbTiu : ,t;thW ve;j tifapy; Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhYk; jkpo; nkhopahdJ „cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopNa … vd;gJ epr;rakhFk;. 5. cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit? rkurj;ijg; gw;wp vOe;j Ngr;RfSk; vOj;JfSk; kiynadTk; flnydTk; cs;sd. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa mwpQh; gyUk; rkurj;ijNa mwpTWj;jp nrd;wdh;. Mdhy;> cyfk; mjw;Fr; nrtp rha;f;ftpy;iy. kdpjdplj;jpy; Fbnfhz;Ls;s mOf;fhW (nghwhik)> mth (Mir)> ntFsp (Nfhgk;) Kjypad kdpjidr; rkur Qhdp Mf;Ftjpy;iy. rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk; vspJ. Mdhy;> mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtNjh mhpJ. kdpjd; mOf;fhW Kjypa Nga;fshy; njhlug;gl;L ,lh;g;gLk; tiu mtd; rkur Qhdpahjy; mhpjpYk; mhpJ. vdNt> kdpjd; rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtijf; fhl;bYk; mij eilKiwapy; nfhz;Ltu Kay;tNj mwpTilikahFk

6. ehL vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wpj; jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit? gpwehl;il tUj;Jjy; : xUtd; jhd; gpwe;j ehl;ilj; jha;Nghy; Nerpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j Nerj;ij itj;J> vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; kw;w ehLfisj; Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ. fly;fSk; kiyfSk; fhLfSk; gpwTk; ehLfisg; gphpf;fpd;wd. ,g;gphpitf; nfhz;L> xU ehl;lhh; ,d;ndhU ehl;lhiu tUj;Jjy; $lhJ. Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg; gpwehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik tha;e;jth; gpwehl;ltiu tUj;Jtjw;Nf Mfha



tpkhdq;fisAk;ePh;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fisAk; er;Rf; fhw;iwAk; gpwtw;iwAk; fz;lwpe;jdh;‛. kw;wtiuAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; :jq;fs; ehl;ilNa flTsha;f; fUJk; ,th;fSf;F gpw ehl;lthplKk; flTs; ,Uj;jy; Gydhtjpy;iy.kw;wth;f;Fk; grp Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy.vy;yh ehl;ltUk; ek; rNfhjuh;fNs vd;gij czuhj gyh; „ehL… vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,of;fpd;wdh;.

7 rhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjypad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; - ,f;fUj;ijj; jpU.tp.f. top epd;W Ma;f. rhjpf; nfhLik :gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJjy; jtW gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk;ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf rpwg;ghf cz;L.‛gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; cs;sj;jpy; xUNghJk; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ. vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ rhjpf; nfhLik. rhjpf; nfhLikfisf; fisa> rhd;Nwhh; ngUKaw;rp nra;jdh;. Mdhy;> mk;Kaw;rpfs; ahTk; tpoYf;F ,iwj;j ePh;Nghd;W tPzhapd. rkantwp : xUtdpd; rkantwp> flTs; md;igf; nfLf;Fk; mtd; rkantwpahy; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;LVida rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. (gopf;fpwhd;) ,e;j epiy kpFe;j mwpahikNa MFk;. ‘rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw mJNt rkurk; vd;gjhFk;.‛ gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag;gw;Wk; rkurj;ij mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;> rkantwp $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU.tp.f. 8. ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy : ekJ ehl;by; ePz;lfhykhf xU ngUq;nfhiy epfo;e;J tUfpwJ. mf;nfhiy cyfpw;Fj; njhptjpy;iy. mjhtJ nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;iffisf; Fop Njhz;bg; Gijj;J tpl;L> mth;fs; cUtj;ij kl;Lk; topghL nra;tJ> ,e;jg; ngha;nahOf;fk; ePz;l fhyk; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.rhj;jpuk; gy NgRk; rof;fh;fhs; Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh;?‛ vd;Wk; ‘rhjp> Fyk;> gpwg;G vd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk;‛ vd;Wk; $wpr; nrd;w nghpNahh;fis topgLNthh; rhjp NtWghL ghh;g;gJ Ntjid. rhjpiaf; flTshfTk; rkakhfTk; fUJk; ,th;fs; rkurj;ij typAWj;jpr; nrd;w nghpNahu;fis topgLtjw;Fg; nghUSz;lh? ntWk; cUtj;ij kl;Lk; topgLtJ topghlhFkh? nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa newp epd;W tho;tJjhNd cz;ikahd topghL? ek;ehl;lth; Kd;Ndhh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;ifiaf; fy;yiwapl;Lg; Gijj;J tpl;L> mth;fspd; cUtq;fis kl;Lk; topgLtjpy; Ngh; ngw;wth; Mth;. ,j;jifa ngha;nahOf;fKk; tQ;ridAk; tsh;e;J tUk;

ehl;bw;F MfhJ. ,JNt> ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f. tUe;jp ciug;gjhFk; 9. ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? Nfhyhpl;[; : ‘nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ trdk;. rpwe;j nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ ftpij.‛ ,t;thW Nfhyhpl;[; vd;gth; ftpij vd;gjw;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jhh;. Nthh;l;];nthh;j; : ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? vd;w tpdhtpw;F Nthh;l;];nthh;j; mspj;j tpsf;fk; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wJ. ‘Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; jhkhfg; nghq;fp tUtJjhd; ftpij‛ vd;gNj mth; fUj;J. Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; vg;NghJ ntspg;gLfpd;wd? Nfhgj;jpy; jhd; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gbahdhy; Nfhgj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; ftpij MFkh? ,jid tpsf;f> „Kd;G vOe;j Xh; czh;r;rpg; ngUf;if kPz;Lk; rhe;j epiyapypUe;J epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk; NghJjhd; ftpij Njhd;WfpwJ‛ vd;whh; mth;.

10. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?fPl;]; : 1. ‘fhy;tha; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; nga;Ak; xsp kioNa ftpij 2. ‘Mw;wypd; rpfuk;‛ 3. ‘Mw;wy; jdJ tyg;Gaj;jpy; jiy rha;j;J ghjp cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyNa ftpij‛ ,it ftpQh; fPl;]; vd;gth; ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfshff; $wpadthFk;. [hd;u];fpd; : [hd;u];fpd; vd;gth; ‘rPupa czh;r;rpf;Fhpa fhuzq;fisg; ghtdh rf;jpahy; Fwpg;gLtNj ftpij‛ vd;W ftpijapd; ,ay;igf; $wpdhh;. Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp : nra;As; tbtpy; ,aw;wg;gLtNj ftpij vd;W ftpijapd; ,ay;G Fwpj;J Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp $WfpwJ. gtze;jp Kdpth; : ‘gy;tif cWg;Gfisf; nfhz; cly; capUf;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy gy;tifr; nrhw;fshy; nghUSf;F ,ldhf nra;As; ,aw;w ty;Nyhh; moFwr; nra;tNj (ftpij) nra;As;‛ vd;W gtze;jp Kdpth; ftpijf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;Js;shh; 11.ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh; $Wtd. ‘GtpapDf; fzpaha; Md;w nghUs;je;J Gyj;jpw; whfpmtpafj; Jiwfs; jhq;fp Ie;jpiz newpa shtpr;rtpAwj; njspe;J jz;nzd; nwhOf;fKk; jOtpr; rhd;Nwhh;ftpnadf; fple;j Nfhjh thpapid tPuh; fz;lhh;‛1. epyj;jpw;F mofhf mika Ntz;Lk;.2. mwpT ,Jjhd; vdr; Rl;l Ntz;Lk;.3. mfj;Jiwfisg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 4. rpwe;j nghUisj; ju Ntz;Lk;. 5. Ie;J jpizfspd; top elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 6. ftpij moFld; mika Ntz;Lk;.



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7. ftpij vd;gJ njspthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 8. ftpij Xh; xOq;Fld; mika Ntz;Lk;.,t;thW> fk;gh; ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfisf;Nfhjhthp Mw;iwr; rpwg;gpf;Fk; tifapy;ciuf;fpwhh;. 12 nra;As; eiliaf; ifahSjy; gw;wp itahGhpg; gps;is njhptpg;gd ahit? nra;As; eil : nra;ASk; ahg;Gk; clYk; capUk; Nghy mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. fUj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;w ahg;Gfis,aw;WtJ kl;Lk; ,d;gk; juhJ. ,d;d fUj;Jf;F ,d;d nra;As;jhd; nghUe;Jk; vd;gijr; rpwe;jftpQh;fsplkpUe;Nj njhpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. rhd;W : jpUkzj;ij tUzpf;Fk; mbfspy;kpLf;Fk; moFk; ,d;g czh;r;rpAk; juf;$ba nra;As; tifiaf;ifahs Ntz;Lk;. tPur; Ritiaf; $Wk; ,lq;fspy; mjw;Nfw;w nra;As; eiliaf; ifahs Ntz;Lk;.fk;gd; ftp : fk;gidg; Nghd;w ngUq;ftpQh;fis mbf;fb fw;W> ey;y gapw;rp ngWtJ ftpijapd; rPhpa ,ay;Gfis ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fg; ngUe;Jiz GhpAk; 13. goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fs; ,y;tho;f;ifapy; tho;thh;f;Fg; nghUs; NjLtJ xU flik. mjw;fhfg; goe;jkpoh; gw;gy njhopy;fis nkw;nfhz;ldh;. coT> thzpfk;> nerTKjypait mtw;Ws; rpythFk;. FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs; kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j gFjpAk; FwpQ;rp epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; Njd; vLg;gJ> jpid tpijg;gJ> fpoq;F mfo;tJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. Ky;iy epy kf;fs; fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j gFjpAk; Ky;iy epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; epiu Nka;g;gJ> ghy; filtJ> tuF tpistpg;gJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. kUj epy kf;fs; taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk; kUj epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; coT nra;tJ> efh; mikg;gJ>Ml;rp GhptJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh nea;jy; epy kf;fs; flYk; fly; rhh;e;j gFjpAk; nea;jy; epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; Kj;Jf; Fspj;jy;> cg;G tpistpj;jy;> kuf;fyj;jpy; Vwp miyflypy; nrd;W thzpfk; nra;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. ,t;thW> mq;fq;F

tho;e;j goe;jkpoh; me;je;j ,lq;fSf;Fj; jFe;j njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh; 14. goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjpj;J tho;e;jdh; - tpsf;Ff. Nt&d;wpa nfhs;if xt;nthUtUk; VNjDk; xU njhopy; nra;Nj nghUs; NjLtJ vd;Dk; nfhs;if goe;jkpohpilNa Nt&d;wpapUe;jJ. ,uj;jiy ,opthff; fUjpdh;. ,uthjpUf;Fk; epiyiag; ‘gpwd;fil nryhmr; nry;tk;‛ vd;W $wp kfpo;e;jdh;. Mf;fSf;F ePh; Ntz;b ,ug;gJk; ,opthff; fUjg;gl;lJ. jd; Kaw;rpahy; tUk; nghUisNa xUtd; nryT nra;tjw;F chpatd; vd;Dk; Nkd;ikahd nfhs;ifia mth;fs; filg;gpbj;J tho;e;jdh;. vspa Kaw;rp taypy; jd; tisapd; mUfpNyNa tpise;J tpOe;J fplf;Fk; new;gapiu vyp fwpj;Jj; jd; tisf;Fs; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. mJ Nghd;w vspa Kaw;rp cila kf;fis Kd;Ndhh; nghpJk; mUtUj;jdh;. ngUKaw;rp Gyp jhd; nry;Yk; Ntfj;jpdhy; jdJ ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; gd;wpiar; rpwpJk; fz;nzLj;Jg; ghuhJ. kWehs; nghpa ahidNahL Nghhpl;L> mjid tyg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;j;jp> mjidNa czthff; nfhs;Sk;. ,j;jifa Gypiag; Nghd;w ngUKaw;rp cila kf;fisNa goe;jkpoh; nghpJk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdh;. goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if jkJ nrayhy; tUtNj MapDk; vspa Kaw;rpahy; tUtij Kd;Ndhh; Nkd;ikahf kjpj;jpyh;. jhk; nghpJk; Kad;W Njba nghUisNa jkf;F chpajhff; fUJk; nfhs;ifAld; tho;e;jdh;. 15. gz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik Fwpj;Jk; vOJf. 1. ehfhpfg; ghd;ik ‘Ke;ij ,Ue;J el;Nlhh; nfhLg;gpd; eQ;Rk; cz;gh; edpeh fhpfh;‛ - ew;wpiz jk;NkhL gofpath;fs; jkf;F eQ;R nfhLg;gpDk; jk;kth;fs; vd;Dk; vz;zj;jhy; mjid cz;ldh;. mth;fNshLnjhlh;e;J gofpdh; vd;fpwJ ew;wpiz.cah;e;j cs;sk; ,e;j Nkd;ikia mwpe;J ek; cs;sk; cUFfpwJ. ,j;jifa kdg;ghd;ikiaj;jhd; ek; Kd;Ndhh; ey;y ehfhpfk;vd;W fUjpdh; vd;why; mth;fs; cs;sk;jhd; vt;tsT cah;e;jJ jk;ikg; Nghd;w kf;fsplj;jpy; caph;Neak; ,y;yhjtiu „ehfhpfh;… vd;W nrhy;tjw;F topapy;iyad;Nwh Mdhy;



goe;jkpoNuh edpehfhpfuha;j;jpfo;e;Js;sdh; 16. nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;? nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vdr; Nrhoh; fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. vz;zpf;ifapYk; mjpf mstpy; Nrhoh;fhyj;jpy;jhd;nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpfs;> nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;nra;jspg;gijj; jhk; ,k;kz;Zyfpy; gpwe;jjd; flik vd;W vz;zpr; nra;jspj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs; NghYk;. Nrhoh; fhyj;jpa nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; fiy moFk; flTs; jd;ikAk; nghUe;jpait. caph;ngw;nwOe;J tpl;ldNth vdvz;Zk; mstpw;F cah;e;j gilg;Gfs;> rptd; %h;j;jq;fSk;> jpUkhy; %h;j;jq;fSk; mit vt;thW nra;ag;glNtz;Lnkd;W Mfk E}y;fspy;Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdNth mjd;gb nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. xt;nthU jpUNkdpapYk;mf;fhyr; rpw;gpapd; ifj;jpwd; gspr;rpLtijf; fhz KbfpwJ. 17. jkpo; kd;dh; tsh;j;j Xtpaf; fiyfis vq;nfq;Ff; fhzyhk;? fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; jkpo; kd;dh; tsh;j;j Xtpaq;fis mth;fs; fl;ba Nfhapy;fspd; Eiothapypd; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; fUg;gf;fpufr; Rth;fspYk; gpufhuq;fspYk; tpjhdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;. ,t;thW jPl;lg;gl;l Xtpaq;fs; khz;^h;f; Fiffspd; ntspkz;lyj;jpYk; fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhrehjh; Nfhapy;> gdkiyf; Nfhapy;> jQ;irg; ngUTilahh; Nfhapy; Kjypa gy ,lq;fspYk; fhzg;ngWfpd;wd. gdkiy Xtpak; gdkiyapy; cs;s kz;lgj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; vopyhd Mly; kfspd; Xtpak; kpfr; rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy;mike;j tz;zr; nrwpTk; czh;r;rpg; nghypTk; fhz;Nghh; cs;sj;ijf; fth;td. ,t;thW jkpof kd;dh;fs; Xtpaf; fiyiaf; ftpd;kpF Kiwapy; tsh;e;jjhy; Xtpaf; fiy ,d;Wk; cah;e;j epiyapy; cs;sJ. 18 . mWKiw tho;j;J - tpsf;Ff. tho;j;J tho;j;Jtjd; gad; tsKld; tho ;tjw;Nf ‚ kf;fs; tho;NthL njhlh;Gila nghUs;fis tho;j;JtJ njhd;W jhl;L tUk; kughFk;. mt;thW tho;j;jg;gLk; MW nghUs;fspy; MTk; xd;W. mWKiw tho;j;J „mWKiw tho;j;J… vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpag; gFjpAiuapy; „KdptUk; ghh;g;ghUk; MdpiuAk; kioAk; KbAil Nte;jUk; cyFk;… vd;Dk; mWtiu tho;j;jy; vd;W er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; $wpAs;shh;. kf;fs; ey;tho;tpw;F MTk; xU

fhuzk; vd;gij czh;e;jjhy; jkpoh; mjidAk; tho;j;jpAs;sdh;. 19 .M.nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ :epiu fth;jy; M. m/wpiz caph;jhd;. MapDk; cah;jpiz capuhfpa kdpjid tplTk; J}a;ik cilajhf nja;tj;jd;ik cilajhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. xU ehl;bYs;s Mepiu fs;tuhNyh giftuhNyh ftug;gl;lhy; mJ J}a;ikf; NflhfTk; Nghpog;ghfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ. mJNt fLk;NghUf;Ff; fhuzkhdJ. ey;yhl;rp elj;Jk; kd;dd; $l Ntw;W ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w tpUk;gpdhy; me;ehl;L Mepiuiaj; jd; tPuh;fs; %yk; fth;e;J tur; nra;J ghJfhj;jhd;. ngUq;Fw;wk; Md;kb mWj;jy; khngUq; Fw;wkhkff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mf;nfhiyNah mij tplg; ngUq;Fw;wk; vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ. topghL Mtpw;Ff; Nfhay; fl;b topgl;l tuyhW gFj;jwpT ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ. Mtpw;Ff; Nfh vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. Nfhkhjhitj; jq;fs; Fykhjhthf vz;zp topgl;ldh;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; M nja;tj;jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij czuyhk;. 20 . Nfhtd; ,ilad; Ky;iy epyj;J ,ilaUf;F M vd;Dk; ngahpypUe;J Mah; vd;Dk; ngah; Vw;gl;lJ. mJNghyNt Mtpw;Ff; „Nfh… vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. Nfh + md; = Nfhtd; Mtpw;Fhpa „Nfh… vd;Dk; ngaNuhL „md;… vd;Dk; Mz;ghy; tpFjp Nrh;e;J „Nfhtd;… vd;Dk; ngauhdJ. Nfhtd; vd;gJ> ,ilaidf; Fwpf;Fk;. FWfp Nfhd; vd;whdJ. mjDld; Mz;ghy; tpFjpahfpa „Md;…Nrh;e;J Nfhd+ Md; Nfhdhd; (,ilad;) vd;w nrhy; te;jJ. Nfh - murd; Nfhtd; vd;gjd; filrp vOj;Jfs; nfl;L Nrh vd epd;W muridf; Fwpj;jJ. Fbkf;fs; Mf;fisg; Nghd;wth; murd; Maidg; Nghd;wtd;. vdNt> murd; Nfhtd; vdg;gl;lhd;. „NfhtDk; kf;fSk;… vd;W rPtfrpe;jhkzpapy; tUk; njhlhpy; Nfhtd; vd;gJ muridf; Fwpf;fpwJ. Nka;g;gh; murd; ifapy; cs;s nrq;Nfhy; murd; Mad; Nghd;wtd; vd;Dk; fUj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ. ,jdhy; jhd; fpwpj;jthpd; rka Mrphpah; (,NaR fpwj;J) „Nka;g;gh;… vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;. Nfhtd; - rptd; flTs; midj;J cyfpw;Fk; murh;> Mad; Mepiuiaf; fhg;gJ Nfhy ,iwtd; kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;wp tUtjhy;,iwtDk; Nfhtd; vdg;gl;lhd;. mfehD}W - epj;jpyf; NfhitAs; Nfhtd; vd;w nrhy; rptidf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,t;thW M vd;Dk; nrhy;Ny muridAk; nja;tj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk; „Nfh… MdJ vd;W ghthzh; njhptpf;fpwhh;?



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21.kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;F cs;s njhlh;G :vy;yh ehl;bYk; ve;epiy ehfhpfj;jpYk; MthdJ mUikahfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; jkpo;ehl;by; mJjiyrpwe;jjhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.kf;fs; ehfhpfk; kf;fs; ehfhpfk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk; vd ehd;F epiyfis cilaJ. mtw;Ws; FwpQ;rp epyj;Jld;jhd;jkpoh;f;F Kjypy; MTld; (gRTld;) njhlh;G ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; Kjd; Kjypy ; MthdJ FwpQ;rp epyj;jpw;Nf chpa tpyq;fhFk;.Mah;FwpQ;rpia mLj;j Ky;iy epyj;jpypUe;j Mah; Ml;ilAk; khl;ilAk; ngUksT tsh;j;J mtw;wpd; CidAk; ghiyAk;cz;L tho;e;jdh;. mth;fs; Ml;il tpl MitNa (khl;ilNa) rpwg;ghf tsh;j;jdh;. Mit Nka;g;gth; Mah;vdg;gl;ldh;. M vd;Dk; ngah; jw;fhyj;jpy; ngz;ghiyNa Fwpf;fpwJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ughy;fSf;Fk; nghJthf ,Ue;jJ.,t;thW> kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;Fj; njhlh;G cz;L vd;W ghthzh; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;. 22. khL nry;tdk; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? khL nry;tk; kh vd;Dk; ngaNu M vd;W khwpapUf;fyhk;. M vd;gJ Kjypy; khL vd;W nghUs;gl;Lg; gpd; gRitf; Fwpj;jJ. goq;fhyj;jpy; khNl kf;fspd; nry;tkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; nry;tk; khnldg; gl;lJ. ‘Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F khly;y kw;iw ahit‛. vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; khL vd;gJ nry;tj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. cotDf;F cjTk; khL Ky;iy epyj;jpy; coT Njhd;wpaJ. mJ kUj epyj;jpy; rpwg;gile;jJ. Ky;iyapy; Gd;nra;g; gapUk; kUj epyj;jpy; ed;nra;g; gapUk; tpistpf;fg;gl;ld. khL Ky;iy> kUjk; Mfpa ,Uepyj;jtUf;Fk; CDk; ghYk; je;J cjtpaJ cOjJ ePh; ,iwj;jJ. ,t;thW ,Utif Ntshz;ikf;Fk; cjtpaJ. khl;bd; gad;fs; khl;bd; CDk; ghYk; kl;Lky;y mjd; Njhy;> nfhk;G> curid (Nuhrid)> thy;kaph;> rhzk; KjypadTk; gad;gl;ld. czit tpistpf;f cjtpa khL jhDk; czthfg; gad;gl;lJ. ghy;> japh;> Nkhh;> ntz;nza;> nea; Kjypa Ie;Jk; IaKjk; (gQ;rhkpUjk;) vdg;gLk;. khL ,jid gad; jUtjhy; jkpoh; khl;ilr; nry;tkhff; fUjpdhh;

23. tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw; nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw tpsf;Ff. jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W coth; MitAk; M Vw;iwAk; (fhis khl;ilAk;) kpfTk; gad;gLj;jp te;jdh;. mit tUtijf; fz;L> „vd; mk;ik

te;jhs; mtSf;Fg; Gy;ypL… vd;Wk;> „vd; mg;gd; te;jhd; mtDf;Fj; jz;zPh; fhl;L… vd;Wk; md;Giufisf; $wpdh;. ,it jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;whf ,yf;fzj;jpy; $wg;gl;ld. tpuTg; ngah;fs; rhj;jd; rhj;jp> nfhw;wd; nfhw;wp> Kltd; Klj;jp> nfhLk;Gw kUjd;> nfhLk;Gw kUjp Kjypa kf;fs; ngah;fisNa MTf;Fk; MNtw;Wf;Fk; ,l;L toq;fpdh;. mit ,aw;ngah;> rpidg;ngah;> rpid Kjw;ngah; vd %tif tpuTg; ngauhfj; (nghJg; ngauhfj; ) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy;$wg;gl;ld. rhd;Wfs; „rhj;jd; te;jJ…> „Kltd; te;jJ… rhj;jd; Gy; jpd;Dk;> „rhj;jp fd;wPDk;… Kjypad nrhy;yjpfhuj;jpd; ciuapy; cs;s rhd;WfshFk;. MfNt> tpuTg; ngauhf ,yf;fzj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk; gaidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;Nl vd;gJ tpsq;FfpwJ 24. tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff. ctikahF ngah; fhis kf;fSf;fhf kpfTk; cioj;jjhy; „khL Nghy; cioj;jy;… vd;W $Wk; tof;fk; Njhd;wpaJ. fhis> tpliy vd;Dk; ngah;fs; ctikahF ngauhf kwth;f;Fk; FWk;gurh;f;Fk; toq;fp te;jd. gfL ,ila+w;iwg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; vLj;j nraiy Kbf;fk; Mw;wy; cilatd; „gfL… vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhd;. ‘kLj;jth nay;yhk; gfld;dhd; cw;w ,Lf;fz; ,lh;g;gh Lilj;J‛ (Fws; 624) vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; „gfL… vd;gJ fhis Nghd;w Mw;wy; cila Mz;kfidNa Fwpf;fpwJ. VW jOty; ,isQhpd; typikia mwptjw;F „VW jOty;… Xh; msitahff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ky;iy epyj;J Mah; VW jOtpa,isQh;f;Nf jq;fs; kfis kzk; nra;J nfhLj;jdh;.nghUj;jkhdNj Mtpd; thiyAk; vUjpd; thiyAk; gw;wpf; nfhz;L Mokhd Mw;iwf; fle;jdh;. vUJ Ch;jpahf cjtpaJ nghjp Rke;jJ ,d;Wk; tz;b ,Of;fpwJ.

25 ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J vOJf. ePjp E}y;fspd; ,ay;G ePjpfisf; $w vOe;jit ePjp E}y;fs;> ,t;thW elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpjpj;Jk;> ,t;thW elj;jy; $lhJ vd;W tpyf;fpAk; nry;tJjhd; ePjp E}y;fspd; ,ay;G. nghJthd ,ay;G ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,d;gk; jUtd. Mdhy; ePjp ,yf;faq;fs;- ePjp E}y;fs; ,d;gk; jUtJld; kdpj tho;it rPh;gLj;jTk; Nkk;gLj;jTk; Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa> ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak; - ftp eak; fhz;gJ mhpJ. ,itNa ePjpE}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;GfshFk;



26. ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Fwpj;J> Mrphpah; rpjk;guehjh; $Wtd ahit? ftpij ,d;gj;jpw;Nf ey;y ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; kf;fSf;F ePjp $Wtjd;W vd;W Nky;ehl;L Muha;r;rpahsh; rpyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ek; ehl;bYk; rpyh; „fhtpaj;jpy; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; tUk; fUj;ij Nehf;f Ntz;lh ,d;gj;ij khj;jpuk; nfhs;Sq;fs;… vd;fpwhh;fs;. ftpij ,d;gj;jpw;Nf vd;Dk; fUj;J xg;Gf; nfhs;sf; $bajd;W. Ez;fiyfspd; Nehf;fk; rpw;gk;> Xtpak;> ehl;bak; Nghd;wit Ez;fiyfs;> ,tw;iwg; Nghy; ,yf;fpaKk; xU Ez;fiyjhd;. Ez;fiyfs; ,d;gk; jUtd> ,yf;fpakhfpa fiyAk; ,d;gk; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLtJ cz;ikjhd;. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fk; Mdhy;> ,e;j mUq;fiyfSf;Fk; ,yf;fpakhfpa fiyf;Fk; xU NtWghL cz;L. Ez;fiyapd; Nehf;fk; ,d;gk; jUtJ kl;LNk. ftpij ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fNkh ,d;gk; jUtJld; kl;Lky;yhky; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifiar; rPh;gLj;JtjhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW> ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Fwpj;J Mrphpah; rpjk;guehjd; njspTgLj;Jfpwhh; 27. ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; Fwsikj; jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff. rpy ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; kpFe;j eaKz;lhff; Fws; mikj;Js;shh;. mjw;Fr;rhd;whf xd;iwf; fhz;Nghk;.rhd;Wmiwgiw ad;dh; fath;jhq; Nfl;l kiwgpwh;f;F ca;j;Jiuf;f yhd;‛.fUj;Jgiw xU nra;jpiag; gyh; fhjpy; nfhz;L Ngha;r; Nrh;g;gJ Nghy ,ufrpaj;ijf; fath; (fPo;kf;fs;) gyhplk; nrd;Wnjhptpj;J tpLfpwhh;fs; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.eak;ahNuh xUth; xU nra;jpia ,ufrpak; vd;W xUtdplj;jpy; njhptpj;jhh;. mtd; vd;d nra;jhd; njhpAkh? mjid%l;il fl;bf; nfhz;L gyhplk; Nghdhd;. me;j kiwnghUshfpa Rikia mtdhy; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy;> mijf; nfhz;L Ngha;g; gyUf;Fk; gq;F Nghl;Lg; gphpj;J> vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd;. mtid „miwgiwad;dh;… vdj;jpUts;Sth; $wpa moF ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ.me;j ,ufrpak; mtDf;Fg; ghukhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJk; mjidf; nfhz;L Ngha;g; gpwUf;Fr; Nrh;j;jhd; vd;gJk;„ca;j;J… vd;w nrhy;yhy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. „ca;j;J… vd;w nrhy; ,f;Fwl;ghtpw;F caph;epiy> mij vLj;Jtpl;LNtW ve;jr; nrhy;iy me;j ,lj;jpy; Nrh;j;jhYk;> ,t;tsT rpwe;j eaq;fs;

Njhd;wkhl;lh. ,r;nrhy;iyj;Njh;e;njLj;Jj; jFe;j ,lk; ghh;j;J itj;j ngUikjpUts;StUilaJ. ePjp fathplk; ,ufrpaj;ijf; $wf; $lhJ vd;w ePjpia vt;tsT eak;glj; jpUts;Sth; $wpAs;shh; 28. Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp K. t. ciug;gd ahit Kd;Ndw;wk; cyfk; gbg;gbNa Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. mjd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij czuhj fhuzj;jhy; rpyh; Kw;Nghf;if vjph;f;fpwhh;fs;. rpyh; cyfk; Kd;Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W vz;zpr; Nrhh;T milfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; cyfk; Kd;Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W vz;zpr; Nrhh;T milfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; jhk; tpUk;GtJ Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W cyfj;ijg; gopf;fpwhh;fs;. ey;y khWjy;fs; cyfk; Kd;NdWfpwJ vd;why;> kiyAk; fhLk; VNjh khWjy; milfpd;wd vd;gJ fUj;J md;W. cyfj;jpy; cs;s kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ey;y khWjy;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gNj fUj;J MFk;. ,e;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F ,ilapilNa gy epiyfspy; kdpjh; jLkhwpaJ cz;L> jLkhwpj; jLkhwpg; Gjpa Gjpa mwpTk; Cf;fKk; ngw;W kdpjh; Kd;Ndwp te;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. 29. Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;gJ K. t. Fwpg;gJ ahJ? rpWtd; gs;spf; $lj;Jf;F rpWtd; xUtd; vOjf; fw;Wf; nfhz;l gpwF> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; jdf;Fr; nra;j cjtpiag; Nghw;WtJ ,aw;if. Mdhy; vOj;Jf; fy;tp ngUik cilaJ vd;W czuhky;> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; cah;e;jit> rpwe;jit vd;W kaq;fpdhy; > mij mtDila tho;tpy; Neh;e;j xUjLkhw;wk; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;l jLkhw;wq;fs; kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gy Neh;e;jJ cz;L kd;dd; kf;fs; $bthoj; njhlq;fpaNghJ mth;fSs; xUtd; jiytdhf ,Ue;J topfhl;bdhd;. mtd; jiytd; vd;gjw;fhf mtd; jiyapy; xU Kb#l;o mtd; ifapy; xU NfhYk; nfhLj;jdh; mt;thW rpy jiyKiwfs; ele;j gpwF> me;j KbAk; NfhYk; cah;e;jtdhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;ld. mtw;iw cilatd; kd;dd; vdg;gl;lhd;. Kjy; jLkhw;wk; kf;fSf;fhf kd;dd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gij kwe;J> kd;dDf;fhf kf;fs; Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; %lek;gpf;if gpwF Vw;gl;lJ. KbAk; NfhYk; cilatd; vtdhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mtidj; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wp mbgzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w %l ek;gpf;if tsh;e;jJ. ,t;thW gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; fope;jd. gpwF ,e;jj; jLkhw;wk; jPh;tjw;F xU top Vw;gl;lJ. gyifAk; gyg;gKk; rpwe;jit my;y vd;W gs;spf;$lr; rpWtd; czh;tJ Nghy;> KbAk; NfhYk; rpwe;jit my;y



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vd;W kdpjh; czuj; njhlq;fpdh;.jFjp MfNt> xU ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj; jFjp cilatiuj; Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpdh;. mt;thW Njh;e;njLg;gjw;F top tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kad;wdh;. Njh;jy; Kiw me;j Kaw;rpahy; Vw;gl;J jhd; Njh;jy Kiw. Njh;jy; KiwAk; neLq;fhykhfr; rpw;W}u;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wJ. gyh; $bf; ifia cah;j;Jtjd; %ykhfTk; Fl XiyapypUe;J Njh;e;njLg;gjd; %ykhfTk; ek; ehl;bYk; gyE}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dpUe;Nj Njh;jy; Kiw ,Ue;J te;jJ. nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk;me;jj; Njh;jy;fspYk;> KbAk; NfhYk; ngw;wpUe;j rpwg;ig NtW ,uz;L fUtpfs; ngw;Wtpl;ld. mit nry;tKk; nry;thf;F cilath;fSk; epyGyk; gilj;Jr; nry;gtuhf tho;gth;fSk; Njh;jypy; epd;W ntw;wp ngw;Wj; jiytuhftu Kbe;jJ. KbAk; nrq;NfhYk; rpwg;ghfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ Nghy> nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk; kf;fSF;Fg; gad;gLtJ khwp> ehl;L kf;fs; vy;yhUk; xU rpyUila nry;tj;ijAk; nry;thf;ifAk; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gl;ldh;. ,J,uz;lhtJ jLkhw;wepiy. MfNt> Njh;jYk; xU jLkhw;wNk vd K.t ciuf;fpwhh;. 30. xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ? xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; KbAk; NfhYk; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;j fhyj;jply; mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gilfSk; gilf; fUtpfSk; gad; gl;ld. ,d;iwa Ml;rp KiwapYk; gilfSk; gilf; fUtpfSk; mt;thW gad;gLfpd;wd. MapDk;> mtw;wpd; kjpg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. ,ij xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;Nw $wyhk;. kaf;fk; jPUk; ,d;W fl;rpfisf; fhg;ghw;wg; gad;gLtd NkilfSk; gj;jphpiffSk; jhd;. md;iwa kf;fs; gilfisAk; gilf; fUtpfisAk; fz;L kaq;fpaJ Nghy;> ,d;iwa kf;fs; gj;jphpiffisAk; fw;Wk; Nfl;Lk; kaq;Ffpwhh;fs; . ,e;j kaf;fKk; tpiutpy; jPh;e;J tpLk;. njspT gj;jphpiffspy; vOjg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik my;y. Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik my;y> mtw;iwf; fw;whYk; Nfl;lhYk; cz;ikfsis Muhaj; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ‘vg;nghUs; ahh; ahh; tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mg;nghUs; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT‛ vd;w njspT kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; fhyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. me;jj; njspT Vw;gl;l gpwF jhd;> Nghh;g; gilfisf; fz;L kf;fs; kaq;fhjJ Nghy;> fl;rpj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;Lk; kaq;f khl;lhh;fs;.

31. Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit? kdpj tho;Nth nghpaJ Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp Njh;jy; vd;Dk; ve;jg; ngaiur; nrhy;ypAk; kf;fis ,dpNky; Vkhw;w KbahJ. ,it vy;yhk; kdpj tho;Tf;Fcjt te;j fUtpfs;. fUtpfs; NghFkhdhYk; ,ilA+whfj; Njhd;WkhdhYk; mtw;iwg;Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;f;F chpik cz;L. mit vy;yhk; rpwpait. Mdhy; kdpj tho;Nth nghpJ.mbg;gilfs; kdpj tho;tpy;cz;ikahd mbg;gilahf cs;sit ,uz;L xd;W $l;LwT kw;nwhd;W ciog;G> ,e;j ,uz;Lk; cs;stiuapy kdpj tho;Tf;F ve;jf; FiwAk; ,y;iy. $l;lwTf;F ,ilA+W te;jhy; mij nty;y mbg;gil Ntz;Lk;. ciog;Gf;F gQ;rk; te;jhy;> mij bty;y cOepyk; Ntz;Lk;. Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; Ruz;LNthUk; Ruz;glg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj rhjp> rkak; fl;rp Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj; jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak; miktjw;F ,JNt topahFk;;. 32. . jkpoh;fs; goq;fhye;njhl;Nl fiyfisAk; Ngzp te;Js;sdh; vd;gij tpsf;F. jkpofj;jpy; gy fiyr; nry;tq;fisf; fhz;fpNwhk;. mtw;iwf; fhZk; NghJ jkpoh;fs; kpfg; goq;fhyk; njhl;Nl fiyfisg; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J te;jpUg;gij mwpa KbfpwJ ‘Maf;fiyfs;mWgj;J ehd;F‛ vd;w KJnkhopf;F Vw;g gytifahd fiyfisj; jkpoh; rpwg;Gw tsh;j;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.fl;llf;fiy> rpw;gf;fiy> Xtpaf;fiy> ,irf;fiy> ehl;baf;fiy rpw;gf;fiy> Xtpaf;fiy Mfpad kpfkpfg; goq;fhYk; KjNy jkpofj;jpy; rpwg;Gg; ngw;W tpsq;fpapUf;fpd;wd. 33. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fl;llf; fiyr; nra;jpfisf; $Wf. fl;llf; fiy vd;whNy Nfhapy;fspd; fl;llf;fiyiaj; jhd; $w KbfpwJ. fhuzk; jkpoh;fspd; fl;llf;fiy ,d;W tiu cau;e;J epw;git Nfhapy;fNs! kw;wg;go murh;fs; tho;e; muz;kidfs; gw;wpNah> nry;te;jh;fs; tho;e;j khspiffisg; gw;wpNah nghJkf;fspd; tPLfisg; gw;wpNah $wKbatpy;iy. Vnddpy;> mtw;iwg; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; fpilj;jpy;> ,yf;fpaq;fspy; kd;dh;fs; thoe;j muz;kisfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; cs;sdh; efu mikg;Gg; gw;wpg; Ngrg;gLfpwJ ahid kPJ Nghh;tPud; xUtd; mku;e;J jd; ifapy; kpf cau;e;j nfhbia Ve;jpr; nry;Yk; msTf;F cah;e;j thapy;fs; muz;kidfspy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd; Itif epyq;fSf;F Vw;gr; rpW tPLfs; fl;bf; nfhz;L kf;fs; tho;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.



Mdhy; mtw;wpd; Nehpilr; rhd;Wfs; ,d;Dk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl tpy;iy 34.jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fis gw;wpvOJf. 1. gps;isahh; gl;b Nfhapw; fl;llf;fiy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; fp.gp. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J jhd; ehk; $w KbAk; jkpofj;jpd; njd;gFjpahd ,uhjkehjGuk; khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;j gps;isahh;gl;b vd;Dk; Chpd; Filtiuf; NfhapNy jkpofj;jpy; ,d;W fhzg;ngWk; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSs; goikahdjhFk;. Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; ,J ghz;bah;fsJ gilg;ghFk;. ,jid mLj;J> jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit gy;yth;fs; > ghz;bah;fs;> mjpah;> Kj;jiuah; MfpNahh; mike;jit MFk;. fp. gp. 9 Mk; E}w;whz;NlhL Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; mikf;Fk; gzp epd;W tpl;lJ. fdpf; Fd;Wfs; jdpj;jdp Fd;Wfisr; nrJf;fpf; Nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiw gy;yth;> ghz;bah; fhyq;fspy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. khky;yGuj;jpy; cs;s Ie;J ujq;fSk; fOFkiyapy; cs;s ntl;Lthd; NfhapYk; KiwNa mtu;fsJ gilg;GfshFk;. Filtiuf; Nfhapy; mikf;Fk; Kiw fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;Lld; epd;W tpl;lJ neLtpdh 1x6=6 1. ePjp $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff. Kd;Diu :- ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glr; nrhy;tjw;Fr; rhjhuz kdpjDf;Fj; njhpahJ. Mdhy;> ts;Sth; ePjpiaf; $leak;glf; $Wtjpy; ty;yth;. rhd;W : 1 ‘fug;gth;f;F ahq;nfhspf;Fq; nfhy;Nyh ,ug;gth; nrhy;yhlg; Nghxk; caph;‛.Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;JnghUis itj;Jf; nfhz;L xUth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpwhh;. mr;nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld; ,ug;gthpd; caph;Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ,y;iy vd;W kiwg;gth; caph; vq;Nf Ngha; xspe;J nfhz;lNjh njhpatpy;iyNa ,JNt,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.eak;xUtd; jd;dplk; xU nghUs; Ntz;b te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij mwpAk; nry;td; $rhky; „,y;iy… vdr; nrhy;fpwhd;.,y;iy vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld;> ,ue;J epd;wtdpd; caph; Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ,y;iy vd;wtdplNkh nrhy;Yfpwtd;tha;topNa te;jJ. Mdhy; mtid xd;Wk; nra;atpy;iyNa vd;Nd tpe;ij ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dtdpd; caph; me;j Neuj;jpy; vq;Nf Ngha; xspe;J nfhz;lNjh njhpatpy;iyNa ,y;iy vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;ltd; kha;e;jhd; $wpatd; khatpy;iyNa

ePjp,uf;fpd;w xUtDf;F ,y;iy vd;W $whJ nghUs; cs;sth; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ePjpia ts;Sth; ,j;Jizr;rpwg;ghf typAWj;jpAs;shh;. rhd;W : 2 Fws;‘,ue;Jk; caph; tho;jy; Ntz;bw; gue;JnfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd;‛ fUj;J: ,t;Tyifg; gilj;jtd; ,uj;jiyAk; xU njhopnydg; gilj;J mj;njhopy;fs; rpyh; caph; tho;thuhf vd;W tpjpj;jpUe;jhy; mtDk; njUnty;yhk; miye;J jphpe;J Jd;Gwl;Lk; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.,yf;fpa eak; vt;tsT ,opthdJ? cyfpy; ,d;dpd;dhh;f;F ,d;dpd;dJ njhopy; vdg; gpukd; tFj;jpUg;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;. mj;njhopy;fspy; xd;whf ahrpj;jiyAk; Nrh;j;J vz;zpdhdh gpukd;?mtd; xU ghtp ,opthd xd;iw vdf;Fk; vd; Nghd;wth;fSf;fk; xU njhopyhfg; gpukd; tFj;jhhd; vd;why; mtd; xU gpwtp vLf;fl;Lk;. mg;gpwtp khdplg; gpwtpaha; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. khdpldha;> khdk; tpl;L. ,utydha; te;J NRul;Lk;. Nghfpw ,lj;jpy; clNd czit - fhir- gpr;iriag; -ngwhky;> gy tPLfspy; gy njUf;fspy; miyal;Lk; ! miye;J nfl; nlhopal;Lk; ! ,yf;fpa ,d;gk; ,t;thW xU gpr;irf;fhud; fUjpajhf; fdhf; fz;lhh; NghYk; jpUts;Sth;. vt;tsT nghpa fdit vj;Jizf; FWfpambfspy; njhptpj;Jtpl;lhh; ! KbTiu ,it ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gjw;fhd rhd;WfshFk;. 2. tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; nra;Ak; nray;fsha; mwnewpr;rhu; $Wtd ahit? Nghw;wp ! Nghw;wp> cyfpy; ,r;rfk; Ngrp thOk; khe;jUs; xUtid Kidg; ghbahh; vd;Dk; Gyth; xUth; ghh;f;fpwhh;. xU ehs;xUtUk; mwpahky; mtd; tPl;bDs; Eioe;J> mtd; nra;tdtw;iwg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. mtd; Nghw;wp ghhpNa Nghw;wp> Nghw;wp fhhp> Nghw;wp Xhp> Nghw;wp fd;dh> Nghw;wp Ngfh vd;W vd;ndd;dNth cUg;Nghl;lgb,Uf;fpwhd;. ,jid kiwj;jpUe;J ftdpf;fpwhh; Gyth;. mtd; ntspNa Gwg;gl;Lg; Nghfpwhd;. GytUk; mtidg;gpd; njhlh;fpwhh;. ,iwtNd! mUs; Ghpf!GJg; gzf;fhud; xUtd; tPl;by; mtd; Eiofpwhd;. Nghw;wp ! Nghw;wp vd;W njhlq;fp> mbNaidf; fhj;jUsNtz;baJ Mz;ltid xj;j jq;fshy; jhd; ,aYk;. ,iwtNd mUs; Gupf! jq;fs; mUs; Nehf;fp tho;fpNwd; ;gapUk; kio vg;gbNah> vd; Nghd;w VioaUf;Fj; jhq;fs; mg;gb‛ vd;W nrhy;ypg; gpd;Dk; gy mLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;.mwnewpr; rhug; ghly;ghh;j;jhh; Gyth; ; ghbdhh; xU ghl;L. ‘Nghw;wpNa Nghw;wpNa nad;W GJr; nry;tk;



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Njhw;wpahh; fz;nzy;yhk; njhz;Nl Nghy; Mw;wg; gapw;wpg; gapw;wpg; gyTiug;g njy;yhk; tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L‛vd;gNj mg;ghl;L. ,yf;fpa eak; ,r;rfk; NgRNthd; ,ope;jtd; vd;W NeNu nrhy;yhky;> mtd; tapw;wpid kNfRtudhf;fpg; ngUikg;gLj;JtJ Nghy; rpWikg;gLj;jpa jpwk; tpag;gpw;FhpaJ. tapwhfpa jk;gpuhd; ,Uf;fpwhNU me;jf; flTisf;fhg;ghw;w vj;jid ngha; NgRfpwhhh;fs; kdpjh;fs;! ,g;gbg; ngha;iar; nrhy;yp tapW tsh;f;f Ntz;Lkh?vd;WKidg;ghbahh; Nfl;gJ Nghy; cs;sJ. ,g;gb tsh;f;fg;gLk; tapW tapwh? ,y;iy Fjpuh? vdg; Gyth; Nfl;gJ Nghyj;Njhd;WfpwJ. tapw;Wr; rhkpia ek;gp cz;ikf; flTis kf;fs; tpLfpwhh;fNs! vdg; Gyth; fyq;FtJ Nghyj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ePjp ‘ tapw;iw tsh;g;gjw;fhf ,r;rfk; Ngrpj; jphpa Ntz;lhk;‛ vd;w ePjpia ‘ tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; ngUl;L‛ vd;w xNunjhluhy; mwnewpr;rhur; nra;As; vj;Jiz mofhf tpsq;fp fhl;LfpwJ. 3. „ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk;… vd;W jpU.tp.f. thjpLtij tpsf;Ff. gpwehl;il tUj;Jjy; : xUtd; jhd; gpwe;j ehl;ilj; jha;Nghy; Nerpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j Nerj;ij itj;J> vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; kw;w ehLfisj; Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ. fly;fSk; kiyfSk; fhLfSk; gpwTk; ehLfisg; gphpf;fpd;wd. ,g;gphpitf; nfhz;L> xU ehl;lhh; ,d;ndhU ehl;lhiu tUj;Jjy; $lhJ. Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg; gpwehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik tha;e;jth; gpwehl;ltiu tUj;Jtjw;Nf Mfha tpkhdq;fisAk;ePh;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fisAk; er;Rf; fhw;iwAk; gpwtw;iwAk; fz;lwpe;jdh;‛. kw;wtiuAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; :jq;fs; ehl;ilNa flTsha;f; fUJk; ,th;fSf;F gpw ehl;lthplKk; flTs; ,Uj;jy; Gydhtjpy;iy.kw;wth;f;Fk; grp Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy.vy;yh ehl;ltUk; ek; rNfhjuh;fNs vd;gij czuhj gyh; „ehL… vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,of;fpd;wdh;. top epd;W Ma;f. rhjpf; nfhLik :gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJjy; jtW gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk;ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf rpwg;ghf cz;L.‛gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; cs;sj;jpy; xUNghJk; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ. vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ

rhjpf; nfhLik. rhjpf; nfhLikfisf; fisa> rhd;Nwhh; ngUKaw;rp nra;jdh;. Mdhy;> mk;Kaw;rpfs; ahTk; tpoYf;F ,iwj;j ePh;Nghd;W tPzhapd. rkantwp : xUtdpd; rkantwp> flTs; md;igf; nfLf;Fk; mtd; rkantwpahy; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;LVida rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. (gopf;fpwhd;) ,e;j epiy kpFe;j mwpahikNa MFk;. ‘rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw mJNt rkurk; vd;gjhFk;.‛ gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag;gw;Wk; rkurj;ij mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;> rkantwp $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU.tp.f.

4. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tif :Kd;Diu : njhd;W njhl;Lj; jkpo;nkhop ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; %d;W gphpTfis cilaJ. me;j %tifg; ghFghLfs; Fwpj;J ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;. ,aw;wkpo; : ,aw;wkpo; vd;gJ jkpopYs;s trdKk; nra;ASkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk; nre;jkpo; - trd E}y;fs;> nra;As; E}y;fs; nfhLe;jkpo; - trd E}y;fs;>: nra;As; E}y;fs Mfpatw;iwNa jkpoh; ,aw;wkpo; vd;wdh;. ,aw;wkpopy; ,yf;fpaq;fs;> ,yf;fzq;fs; Mfpa ahTk; mlq;Fk; 2. ,irj;jkpo; - tpsf;fk; : ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk; jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;. nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; nfhLe;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,yf;fzq;fSkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk; ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd : 1. fPh;j;jidfs; 2. Mde;jf; fspg;G 3. thpg; ghly;fs; 4 Fk;kp5 rpe;J 6 njk;khq;F Kjypad ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd MFk; ;.

,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs; - Kw;fhyk; : 1. ngUehiu2. ngUq;FUF 3. ,ir EZf;fk; 4. jhstifNahj;J vd;gd Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fshFk; ,ilf;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; :Njthuk; Kjypad ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; toq;fpa ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;. jw;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; : 1.fe;j Guhzf; fPh;j;jid2. nghpa Guhzf; fPh;j;jid 3. rq;fPj re;jphpif Kjypad jw;fhyj;jpy; toq;fp tUk; ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;. ,irj;jkpopd; rpwg;G : ,irj; jkpo; ,y;yhky; ehlfj; jkpo; rpwg;gilahJ. Milaw;w eq;if ntspg;glhJ cs;slq;fpNa ,Uf;Fk;. ,irj; jkpopd; ,yf;fzk; : ,irAk; jhsKk; Nrh;e;j nra;Al;fNs ,irj; jkpo; vdg;gLk;.



,tw;Ws; xd;W ,y;iy vd;whYk; mJ ,aw;wkpopy; jhd; mlq;Fk;.) 5 . ehlfj;jkpo ; ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg; gbf;f Neukpy;yhj gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; gbf;fj; njhpajth;fSf;Fk; ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj; jkpohFk;. mJ Nfl;Nghh;f;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mijf; fhz tpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;wdh;. ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G : ,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj; jkpo;. ,aYk; ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd. ehlfj;jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp ,d;gKk; jUfpwJ. NkYk;> mJ cs;sij cs;sthNw fhl;LfpwJ. ,jdhy;jhd; gpwehl;ltUk; gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij Nkd;ik ciladthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.) KbTiu : ,t;thW ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;J Kj;J Kj;jhd fUj;Jfisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; njhptpj;Js;shh;. neLtpdh 2 : jkpo; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop Kd;Diu : tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fphPf; Kjypa nkhopfisg; Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopNa vd;gij,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

6 . cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk; : jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd>Nkd;ik cila nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;. jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : jkpo; nkhopahdJ njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Kjypa nkhopfis tpl cah;thdJ. Goikahd ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fshy; Nkd;ik cilaJ. vdNt> jkpo; nkhop cah;nkhopNaMFk;. jdpnkhop - tpsf;fk; : jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa jdpnkhop MFk;.jhd; gpw nkhopfSf;Fr; nra;Ak; cjtp kpFe;Jk; gpw nkhopfsplk; ,Ue;J jhd; ngWk; cjtp Fiwe;Jk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tof;fkhFk;. jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; : ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy; jkpo; nkhopapd; cjtp ,y;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Nghd;w nkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ gpw nkhopfspd; cjtp ,y;yhky; jdpj;J ,dpNj ,aq;ff; $baJ. ,e;jpa nkhop E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cz;ik ,J. MfNt> jkpo; nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.) 7 . nrk;nkhop - tpsf;fk; :

„jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j (rpwe;j) ehfhpfKk; nghUe;jpa J}a;nkhop Gfy; nrk;nkhop…ahk; vd;gJ

(13-14) 2x10=20 VI. fij fijg; nghUs; rpijahky; vOJjy; ‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is’ vd;Dk; rpW fijiaf; fUg;nghUSk; RitAk; Fd;whky; RUf;fp tiuf. Kd;Diu: rpWfij cyfpd; Kb#lh kd;duhf tpsq;fpath;> GJikg;gpj;jd; ,tuJ ciueil njspe;j ePNuhil Nghd;wJ ‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is’ vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfijapy;> gps;isapd; twl;Lg; gpbthj Fzj;ijAk;Mzhjpf;f ,ay;igak; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;> Mrphpah;. fijapd; fU: ‘jhd;’vd;Dk; Mzhjpf;f rf;jp mwpitAk; mopj;jpLk; moprf;jp fij khe;jh;fs; KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;:ghy;tz;zk; gps;is> khtl;lMl;rpah; mYtyfj;jpy; khjk; 35 &gha; Cjpaj;jpy; vOj;juhfg; gzpGhpgth;. ‘jk; gpbj;j KaYf;F %d;Nw fhy; ’ vd;W rhjpg;gth;. mYtyfj;jpy; mikjpahd gR ; tPl;by; Mj;jpukilAk; Gyp. FLk;gr; #o;epiy: FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj gps;isapd; FLk;gk; ngUfpapUe;jJ. mthpd; nghWg;gw;w jd;ikahy;> tPl;by;tWikAk; Jd;gKk; Ml;rp nra;jd. rj;Jtztpd;wpj; jtpj;j Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghy;fhudpd; fld;ghYk; nghJ kUj;Jtkidapd; kUe;Jj; jz;zPUk; czthapd. ,r;#o;epiyapy; mtupd; kidtpf;Fg; gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zk; Njhd;wpaJ. nkf;]pNfh gpur;rpid:xUehs; mYtyfj;jpy; ghy;tz;zk; gps;isf;Fk; mYtyf ez;gUf;Fk; fUj;J NtWghL Vw;gl;lJ. nkf;]pNfh> ‘njd;mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ’ vd;whh;. gps;is ez;gNuh>’ G+Nfhs rh];jpuk; NtW khjphp my;yth $WfpwJ’ vd;W ieahz;b ,ioNahlf; $wpdhh;. jhk; $wpaij ep&gpf;Fk; Ntfj;jpy;> Nfhgj;Jld; tPl;bw;F te;jhh;> ghy; tz;zk;gps;is. gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;: gps;isath;fs;> jhk; gpbj;j GNfhsg; ghlE}iyj; Njb vLj;jhh;. mjpy; nkf;]pNfh tl mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;jJ. jd; mwpTf;F Vw;gl;l Njhy;tp> mthpd; rpdj;ij mjpfkhf;fpaJ. mr;rkak; mthpd; kidtp gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhh; gps;is> ‘khLfPL vJTk; thq;f Ntz;lhk;; vd; gps;is ePj;j jz;zpia Fbj;J tsUk’; vd;W Nfhgj;ij NtW tpjkhf ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;. gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;Foe;ijfspd; kPj nfhz;l ghrj;jpdhy;> gps;isapd; kidtp jd; fhg;ig tpw;W> gRTk; fd;Wk; thq;fpdhs;. md;W



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Kjy; gps;isath;fs; tPl;by; fhg;gpAk; NkhUk; gUFtjpy;iy. kidtpNah ,Ujiyf; nfhs;sp vWk;G Nghyj; jtpj;jhs;. khl;il tpw;wy;: gjpide;J ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; gps;isAld; Rg;Gf; NfhdhUk; te;jhh;. gps;is> khL 25 &gha; vd;whh;. Nfhdhh; > ‘rhkp khL 60 &gha; ngWNk> vd;whh;. ,Wjpapy; vOgJ &gha;f;F thq;fpa gRTk; fd;Wk; Kg;gJ (30) &gha;f;F tpw;fg;gl;lJ.gps;isapd; %j;j kfd;> ‘mk;kh vd; fd;Df;Fl;b’ vd;W mOjhd; .‘Rk;kh nfl rtNk’ vd;W $wp Kw;Wg ;Gs;spitj;jhh;> ghy;tz;zk; gps;is. KbTiu: gps;isath;fs;> jk; kidtpapd; nray;fs; Mjhak; jUtjha; ,Ue;Jk;> jk; twl;Lg; gpbthjj;jpdhYk; Mzhjpf;fg;Nghf;fhYk; mij Vw;f kWj;jhh;. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhf tpsq;f FLk;gj; jiyth; nghWg;Gzh;e;J nray;gLjy; mtrpak;vd;fpwhh;. Mrphpah; GJikg;gpj;jd;. fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp: ‘Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg; Gj;jp kl;L‛‘Mztf; fhuDf;Fk; Gj;jp kl;L‛ fij khe;jh;fs; fijkhe;jh; jpwdha;T:ghy;tz;zk; gps;isghy;tz;zk; gps;is (FLk;gj;jiyth; & vOj;jh;) nghWg;gw;w FLk;gj;jiyth; gps;isapd; kidtp gpbthjKk; rpdKk; nfhz;lth;4 Foe;ijfs; kidtpia kjpf;fhjth;Rg;Gf;Nfhdhh; (khl;il thq;fpath;) Mztj;jpy; mwpitj; njhiyj;jth; ePjp: Mztj;NjhL miye;J tho;e;jhy;mwpTk; md;Gk; njhiye;J tpLk;.‛

2.%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;J ; Kd;Diu: rKjhaj;jpd; gof;ftof;fq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fij vOJtjpy; ty;yth; ty;ypf;fz;zd;. %f;fg; gps;isapd; kdf;Fog;gj;jpw;Fj; njspthd Kbitf; fhl;bAs;shh; mth;. fijapd; fU: ‘ twpath;f;F xd;W <tNj <if’ . ngah;fs; fjhghj;jpuk; %f;fg;gps;is - CuhUld; xl;b thoj; jaq;Fgth; thahbg; ngz;fs; - gyfhuk; nfhzh;gth;fs; rptGuk; Rfthrpfs; - %f;fg;gps;is thOk; Ch; kf;fs; MWKfk; (miog;gth; - tpUe;jpw;F kf;fis miiog;gth; jtrpg;gps;is - rikay;fhuh; %f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G: rptGuj;jpy; tho;gth; %f;fg;gps;is. mth; gpwh; fhRf;F Mirg;glhjth; ; Neh;ikahdth; nghJr; nrhj;ijr; Ruz;lhjth; ; gpwiu Vkhw;whjth;. mth; tho;e;j r%fj;NjhL xl;b cwthlhjth;. Chpy; eilngWk; ey;yJ nfl;lJfSf;Fr; nry;thh;. Mdhy; ahh; tPl;bYk; if eidf;f khl;lhh;. ahUlDk; neUq;fpg;

gofTk; khl;lh;. Ch; tof;fq;fs;: xU tPl;by; jpUkzk; ele;jhy; me;j tPl;bypUe;J thiog;goKk; rpwpJ rPdpAk; itj;J Cuhh;midtUf;Fk; toq;FtJ kuG. ,t;tof;fj;ij ‘ey;ykhrj;Jg;gok;’ vd;gh;. nghpath; vtNuDk; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtuJ ngaud; ngah;j;jp Ch; kf;fSf;F fliy mtpj;Jf; nfhLg;gh;. ,e;j tof;fj;ijf; ‘fliy NghLtJ’ vd;gh;.%f;fg;gps;isNah kidtpia ,oe;jth; ; thhpRfs; ,y;yhjth; jdp kukhf tho;e;jth; . ,J Nghd;w tof;fq;fisr;nra;a tha;g;gpy;yhjth;. mjdhy; Ch;g; ngz;fNsh mth; kWj;jhYk; tw;GWj;jpf; nfhLj;Jr; nry;th;.eapdhh; Nehd;G: xUtopg; ghijahf vy;NyhhplKk; thq;fpr; rhg;gpLfpNwhk;. ,e;j Ch; kf;fSf;F ek;khy; vijAk;jpUg;gpr; nra;a Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W mth; tUe;jpdhh;. ,e;jf; flid jPh;f;f vz;zpdhh;. rkPgj;jpy; ‘ rpj;uh ngsh;zkp’tu cs;sij mwpe;jhh;. me;j ehspy; eapdhh; Nehd;G topghL cz;L. md;W rptGu kf;fs; ek; tPl;by; tpUe;J cz;Lkfpol;LNk vd;W KbntLj;jhh;. %f;fg;gps;is jtrpg;gps;isia mioj;jhh; ; tpUe;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;jhh;.tpUe;jpw;F miog;G: nghq;fy;> GspNahjiu> vYkpr;rk;gor; rhjk;> til> G+k;gUg;Gr; Rz;ly; vd;W rpj;uhd;dr; rpwg;G rhg;ghL %f;fg;gps;is tPl;by; jahuhfp tpl;lJ. clNd miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mioj;jhh;. jd; tPl;by;tpUe;Jz;z Ch; kf;fis mioj;J tUkhW mDg;gpdhh;.Ch; tof;fk;: tpUe;J mspg;gth; %d;W ehd;F ehl;fSf;F Kd; Nehpy; nrd;W> ‘ vq;fs; tPl;by; ,e;j ehspy; ,d;dtpNr\k; eilngw cs;sJ. mjw;F ePq;fs; fl;lhak; tu Ntz;Lk; . md;W vq;fs; tPl;by; tpUe;Jz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;‚vd md;Gld; miof;f Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;J ehSf;F Kd; jpdk; iog;Gf;fhu MWKfk;> ’ ehis ,d;dhh; tPl;by;tpUe;J’ vd epidT gLj;j Ntz;Lk; tpUe;J ehsd;W ‘ ,iyNghl;lhr;rp rhg;gpl thq;f’ vd;W miof;f Ntz;Lk;.,it me;j Ch; tof;fk; Ch; tof;fk; vijAk; gpd;gw;whky; %f;fg;gps;is tpUe;Jz;z miog;G tpLj;jjhy; Ch;kf;fs; tpUe;Jz;z tukWj;jdh;.Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak; : %f;fg;gps;is Rfthrpfshd Cuhh; tpUe;Jz;z tutpy;iyNa vd;gjw;F tUe;jtpy;iy. Mdhy; rikj;j czT tPzhfp tpLNk vd;W tUe;jpdhh;. miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mDg;gp rptGuj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;sCh;fspy; thOk; Vio vspa kf;fis mioj;Jtur; nrhd;dhh;. MWKfk; nrd;whh; Vio vspNahiu tpUe;Jz;zmioj;jhh; mth;fSk; te;jdh; tapwhu cz;ldh; ; kdjhu %f;fg;gps;isia tho;j;jpr; nrd;wdh;.



KbTiu: RfthrpfSf;F tpUe;jspg;gij tpl Vio vspNahUf;F tpUe;jspg;gNj cah;thdJ vd;w nghd;nkhopia%f;fg;gps;isapd; kdk; Xtpakhfj; jPl;bf; nfhz;lJ.ePjp: Viof;F ,uq;FtNj ,iwtDf;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;L.

4. Ntyp fjhghj;jpuq;fs;: Nfhkjp - mtsJ kfd;> kUkfs; khyjp> Nfhkjpapd; ngz;fs; gq;f[k;> nrz;gfk;. Nfhkjpapd;Njhop kq;fsj;jk;khs; khyjpapd; mf;fh Uf;kzp> mtsJ fztd; nry;yg;gd;> mth;fsJ Foe;ij. Kd;Diu: ,uh[k; fpU\;zd; ngz;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; rpf;fy;fis mtyq;fis ed;F czh;e;jth; mtw;wpw;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjpYk; ty;yth;. ‘Ntyp’ vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfijapy; rhjp> kj NtWghLfspy; Cwpg;Nghd KJik cs;sj;jpd; ,r;rpWfijapy; rhjp> kj NtWghLfspy; Cwpg;Nghd KJik cs;sj;jpd; czh;r;rpfisAk;> fhjypdhy; rhjp> kjk; vd;Dk; Ntypfisj; jhz;ba ,sik cs;sj;jpd; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; mofhfg; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;. khyjp: khyjp gbj;jts; Ntiyf;F nry;gts; mtis fhjypj;Jf; ifg;gpbj;jhd; Nfhkjpapd; kfd;. fhjy; kzk; nra;J kzkhiyAld; tPl;bw;F mioj;J te;jhd; . Nfhkjpf;Nfh khyjpapd; NtiyAk; rk;gsKk; kl;LNk gpbj;jpUe;jd. khyjpapd; FyKk; rPh;thpirAk; Nfhkjpf;F nfhQ;rKk; gpbf;ftpy;iy vdpDk; kfDf;fhf khyjpia kUkfshf Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhs;. Ntyp: khyjpapd; fztd; njhopy; tsh;r;rpj; jpl;l gapw;rpf;fhf Mwhapuk; iky;fSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;Ws;shd;. Khyjp fh;g;gKw;wpUf;fpwhs;. mts; jho;e;j Fyj;jts; vd;gJ khkpahhpd; vz;zk;. vdNt mtis rikayiwf;Fs; mDkjpg;gNj ,y;iy. khyjpf;F ,g;gb xU Ntyp. Nfhkjpapd; kfs; gq;f[k; rikayiwapy; Rlr; Rl g[;[p rhg;gpLtijg; ghh;j;j khyjpf;Fs; Xh; Vf;fk;! .GJikg; ngz;: khyjp ijhpakhd ngz; ghujp fz;l GJikg; ngz;. vdpDk; fztUf;fhf khkp ehj;jdhh;fspd;Vr;Rfisj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhs;. khkpahh; mf;fiwAld; mtisf; ftdpg;gJ $l> mtsJ cly; epiy ghjpj;jhy;rk;gsk; jilg;gl;L tpLNk’ vd;Dk; Mjq;fk; jhd; ! khyjp tpLg;G vLg;gjh? Ntz;lhkh? vd;gijf; $l mtsJ khkpahh; jhd; KbT nra;fpwhs;.kq;fsj;jk;khs;: Nfhkjpapd; Njhop kq;fsj;jk;khs; . rhjp > kjk;> rlq;F> rk;gpujhak; Mfpatw;iw vy;yhk; Rl;bf;fhg;gJ jhd; kl;LNkvd vz;Zgts;

kq;fsj;jk;khs;. gpwh; kdijr; nrhy;yk;Gfshy; Fj;jp kfpo;gts;. Nfhkjpf;F kl;Lk; khjr; rk;gsk; ngWk; kUkfs; fpilj;J tpl;lhNs! jdf;F tha;j;j kUkfs; rk;ghjpf;ftpy;iyNa vd;w nghwhikapy; khkpahh; kdjpy; kUkfspd; rhjpiag; gw;wpa jPiaf; nfhSj;jpg; Nghl;lhs;. me;j Neuj;jpy; mYtyfg; gzp Kbj;J te;j khyjpapd; fhjpy; me;jg; Ngr;Rfs; tpOe;jd. gb Vwhky; Rtiug; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L epd;whs; khyjp.Nfhkjpapd; Gyk;gy;: ‘ khyjp ,e;j tPl;bw;Fs; mbnaLj;J itj;j gpwF nrhe;j ge;jnky;yhk; vq;f tPl;bw;F tUtjpy;iy‛ vd;W kq;fsj;jk;khtplk; Gyk;gpdhs; Nfhkjp. vd;d nra;tJ nghpatq;f nrhd;d rhjp rk;gpujhak; vd;w Ntypiaj; jhz;l KbaiyNa ! Ks;spy; rpf;fpf; nfhz;lJ Nghy; cs;sJ vd; tho;f;if‛ vd;W njhlh;e;jhs;Nfhkjp.vhpfpw nfhs;spapy; vz;nza;: ‘vd;djhd; gbr;rpUe;jhYk; Ntiyf;Fg; NghdhYk; G+Tk; kz;Zk; xd;whfptpLkh? nrhy;Yq;f Nfhkjpak;kh? rhp mJ Nghfl;Lk; cq;fs; kUkfspd; gpurtj;jpd; NghJ vd;d nra;ag; NghwPq;f?mtNshl cwtpdh; vy;yhk; cq;fs; tPl;bw;F tUthh;fNs> mf;fk; gf;fnky;yhk; mrpq;fkhfg; Ngr khl;lhh;fsh?‛vd;W vhpfpw jPapy; vz;nza; Cw;WtJ Nghy kq;fsj;jk;khs; Ngrpdhs;. vd;d nra;tJ? mtq;f $l ehd; vd;d cwT nfhz;lhlth KbAk; ? gpurtj;ij M];gj;jphpapy; itr;Rf;f Ntz;baJjhd; ! mtsJ nrhe;j ge;jnky;yhk;M];gj;jphpNahl te;J Nghfl;Lk; vd;W tUe;jpf; $wpdhs; Nfhkjp. gpQ;R neQ;rpy; eQ;R :Nfhkjpapd; filrpg; ngz; nrz;gfk; . (mtsJ gpQ;R neQ;rpy; rhjp NtWghL vd;Dk; eQ;R fye;jpUe;jJ) khbg;gbapy; mz;zp epw;gijg; ghh;j;j mts; jhaplk; mijf; $wpdhs;. mijf; Nfl;l kq;fsj;jk;khs; rl;nld;W fpsk;gptpl;lhs;.khyjp kq;fsj;jk;khisg; ghpjhgj;Jld; ghu;j;J tpl;L NkNy Vwpdhs;. ghiyapy; xU Nrhiy :khY vd;w Fuy; Njdhf ,dpj;jJ khyjpf;F> mJ mtspd; md;ghd mf;fh Uf;kzpapd; Fuy;> mts; jd; fzth; nry;yg;gDlDk; Foe;ijAlDk; te;jpUe;jhs;. mth;fsJ tUif ghiytdj;jpd; eLNt gRQ;Nrhiyia fz;lJNghy ,Ue;jJ khyjpf;F. me;j Foe;ijiaf; nfhQ;rp kfpo;e;jhs; khyjp. tisfhg;G :te;jth;fspd; tWikj; Njhw;wk; Nfhkjpf;F vhpr;riy je;jJ. mij kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L rphpj;jhs;. khyjpiaj; jhd;G+g;Nghy itj;jpUg;gjhf ebj;jhs;. tisf;fhg;gpw;nfd tisay; nra;a khyjpapd; jha; nfhLj;jDg;gpa ,uz;LE}W &gha; Nehl;Lfis thq;fpf; nfhz;lhs;. mJ jd; jhapd; ePz;l ehisa



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Nrkpg;G vd;gJ khyjpf;Fj; njhpAk;.te;jth;fs; tpil ngw;Wr; nrd;whh;fs;.NtypAk; Ks;Sk;: ‘vd;d khyjp gLj;jpl;l? clk;G rhpapy;iyah? kaf;fk; th;w khjphp ,Uf;fpwjh? vYkpr;rk;gok; gpope;J nfhLj;JmDg;GfpNwd; ; ,urk; rhjk; fiuj;Jj; jUfpNwd; ; eP xd;Wk; rikayiwg; gf;fk; tu Ntz;lhk;‛ vd;whs; Nfhkjp.,J khkpahh; mtSf;F ,l;l Ntyp. khkpahhpd; me;jg; Ngr;R khyjpia Ks;sha;f; Fj;jpaJ.gzj;jpw;F VJ Ntyp:,e;j khjk; rk;gsg; gzk; vd;dhr;R? ghy;fhud; Kd;gzk; Nfl;fpwhd;? eP xd;Wk; vOe;jpUf;f Ntz;lhk;. vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nrhd;dhy; NghJk; ehd; vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;‛ vd;whs; Nfhkjp. ’ngl;bapy; Nriyf;F mbapy;,Uf;fpwJ‛ vd;W khyjp nrhy;y khkpahh; mij vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhs;. gpwe;j tPl;by; khyjp xUkhjr; rk;gsj;ijf; $l KOrhf; nfhLj;jjpy;iy. GFe;j tPl;bNyh xU khjr; rk;gsj;ijf; $l mts; jdf;nfd itj;Jf; nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. Jauj;jpw;Fg; gjpy; khyjpf;Fr; rphpg;Gj;jhd; te;jJ. ,e;jr;rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjh;fSf;Fj; jhd; NtypAk;Ks;Sk;> gzj;jpw;F NtypAk; ,y;iy Ks;Sk; ,y;iy vd epidj;jhs;. KbTiu: ,d;Wk; rhjp> kjk; vd;Dk; rjpfs; - Ntypfs;- kf;fisg; gphpj;J itj;Jr; rjpuhl;lk; NghLfpwJ. md;Gjhd;tho;f;ifapd; Mzp Nth;. md;gpw;F Ntypfs; ,y;iy. midtUk; ,ij czh;e;jhy; cyfpy; mikjpAk; kfpo;r;rpAk; epyTk; vd;w cz;ik ,e;jf; fijapd; %yk; czh;j;jg;gLfpwJ.ePjp : gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJtJ ngUq;Fw;wk; 5.kfd; md;dfhK - rhkpahug;gd;> %j;j kfs; ky;ypfh> eLkfs; jdghf;fpak; > kfd;> ky;ypfhtpd; fzth; ,uhk;Fkhh;>nghpak;kh> Fbkfd;fs; fdfuhR> rpd;duhR> Mrphpah; gh. nrag;gpufhrk;. Kd;Diu: rPuhl;bg; ghuhl;b tsh;f;Fk; ngw;wth;fis tPl;il tpl;L tpul;Lk; gps;isfs; epiwe;J tpl;l fhykPJ. Gw;wPry; NghyKjpNahu; ,y;yq;fs; Kisj;J epw;Fk; fhykpJ. md;dfhK - rhkpahug;gd; jk;gjpah; kfdhy; tPl;il tpl;Ltpul;lg;gl;ldh;. md;dhfhK jhd; gpwe;J tsh;e;j Cuhd gz;izGuj;jpw;Nf fztDld; te;J Nrh;e;jhs;. me;jjha; ,we;j epiyapy; elf;Fk; mtyq;fis Mrphpah; mUikahfr; rpj;jhpj;Js;shh;. kfd;: jha; ,we;Jtpl;l nra;jp Nfl;L> kfd; GJ}hpy; ,Ue;J gz;izGuj;jpw;F Ml;fis Ntd; epiwa

mioj;J te;jhd;.mtNdh ,oT tPl;bw;Fg; nghUj;jk; ,y;yhj Njhw;wj;JlDk;> Jaur; rhay; ,y;yhjtdhfTk; fhzg;gl;lhd;. jdf;Fr; rhjfkhfg; Ngrp gpzj;ij vLj;Jr; nry;y rpyUf;F ‘jz;zPh; Cw;wp’ mioj;J te;jpUe;jhd;. Mdhy; gz;izGuNkhFbg;gof;fk; ,y;yhj kf;fs; thOk; Ch;. mjdhy; kf;fs; Ntid Ch; vy;iyapNy kwpj;J epWj;jpdh;. vq;fs; CUf;Fte;J tpl;Bh;fs;! mo Ntz;bath;fs; Ngha; mOq;fs;! Mdhy; me;j mk;khit CUf;F vLj;Jr; nry;y kl;Lk;epidf;fhjPh;fs; vd;W fz;bg;Gld; $wpdh;.jdghf;fpak;:md;dfhKtpd; eLkfs; jdghf;fpak; fij Mrphpahplk; ‘khkh cq;fSf;F Nrjp nrhd;d nfhQ;r Neuj;jpNyNacaph; Ngha; tpl;lJ. mg;NghJ ,uT 9 kzp ,Uf;Fk;. epidT ,Uf;Fk; tiu cq;fs; ngaiur; nrhy;yp> ePq;f te;j gpwF jhd; vd;idj; J}f;fZk;> vd;W mk;kh nrhd;dhq;f‛ vd;whs;.rhkpahug;gd;:rhkpahug;gd; md;dfhKtpd; fzth;. ,oT tPl;bd; mwpFwpfs; vJTk; ,y;yhky; mq;Fkpq;Fk; miye;Jnfhz;bUe;jhh;. Fbkfd; fdfuhR> Va; ,tiug; ghh;j;jh me;j mk;khNthl fzth;D NjhZjh? ,th; Vd; xU,lj;jpy; ,y;yhk mq;Fk; ,q;Fkhf miyawhU?‛ vd;whd;mjhNd‛! vd;w rpd;duhR> ‘khkh ePq;f me;j mk;khTf;F vd;d cwT Ntz;Lk;?‛ vd;whd; fpz;lyhf! ,oTtPl;by; Ngrf; $lhjh me;jf; Nfypg;Ngr;irj; Jz;bj;J> ‘khkh! vy;yhUf;Fk; Nrjpiar; nrhy;ypahr;rh?‛ vd;W Mrphpah;Nfl;lhh;.,uhk; Fkhh;: %j;j khg;gps;is (ky;ypfhtpd; fzth;) ,uhk;Fkhh; vy;NyhUf;Fk; Nghd; Nghl;L nrhy;ypl;lhU‛ vd;whh; rhkpahug;gd;.filrpapNy nrhe;j kfid tpl;L tpl;Bh;fNs‛ vd;W FWf;fpl;lhd; rpd;duhR. ‘kfdh mtid md;iwf;NfjiyKOfpahr;Nr‛ vd;whu;. ,Wjpr; rlq;F:md;dfhKtpw;F vz;nza;> rpiff;fha; itf;fpw rlq;F ele;jJ. ky;ypfhtpd; ngupak;kh xt;nthUtu; ifapYk;mijf; nfhLf;f> xt;nthUtuhf te;J me;jr; rlq;ifr; nra;jdu;. G+idg;Nghyg; gJq;fp te;jhd; kfd;. ifiaePl;bdhd;. ngupak;kh nfhLf;f Kw;gl;lhu;. %j;j kfs; ky;ypfh mtsJ ifiaj; jl;b tpl;lhs;. capUld; tho;e;jNghJ ngw;wtisg; Ngzplhj mtidg; ngz;fs; kwpj;J epd;wdh;.RLfhl;by;:RLfhl;by; md;dfhKtpd; cly; fplj;jg;gl;lJ. ‘mtid tpLq;fa;ah> nfhs;sp itf;fl;Lk;‛ vd;W ngupatu; xUtu;$wpdhh;. ‘mtd; nfhs;spf;Flk; vLj;jhy; ehq;fs; ahUk; Flk; nfhj;j khl;Nlhk;‛ vd;wdh; kUkfd;fs;.



Jzpe;j ky;ypfh:%j;j kfs; ky;ypfh vq;f mk;khTf;F ehNd nfhs;sp itf;fpNwd;‛ vd;W nfhs;spf; Flj;ijj; J}f;fpdhu;. %j;j kUkfd; ,uhk;Fkhu; Flj;ijf; nfhj;jpdhu;. gPwpl;L te;j jz;zPu; kz;iz eidj;jJ. jhapd; jiykhl;by; Flj;ijcilj;jhs;. ’jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fhky; el‛ vd;w ngupak;khTld; ele;jhs;. KbTiu: tajhd ngw;Nwhiug; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba kfNd mtu;fisg; Gwf;fzpj;jhd;. mtid ,Wjprlq;F nra;a tplhky; xU fpuhkNk Gwf;fzpj;jJ epahaNk ! ,e;j kfDf;F kl;Lky;y ! ngw;wtu;fisg; Gwf;fzpf;Fk;xt;nthU kfDf;Fk; tpOk; rhpahd rhl;ilab ,e;jf; fij !ePjp: jha; je;ijaiug; Ngzpf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk; V1vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpilvoJf (16-21) 3x2=6 1. A friend in need is a friend in friend in deed. Mgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ik ez;gd; 2. A little knowledge is dangerous miu Fiw mwpT Mgj;jhdJ 3. A law maker should not be a law breaker NtypNa gapiu Nkayhkh? 4. A penny saved is a penny gained rpW Jsp ngUnts;sk; 5. A young calf knows not fear ,sq;fd;W gakwpahJ 6. A man of courage never wants weapons ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk; 7. A little stream will drive a light mill rpW JUk;Gk; gy; Fj;j cjTk; 8. Adding fuel to the flame vhpfpw neUg;gpy; vz;nza; Cw;whNj 9. All covet all loss (or) Covet all lose all Nguhir ngU e\;lk; 10. All that glitters is not gold kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y 11. An artist lives every where fw;NwhUf;Fr; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;G 12. Art is long and the life is short fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy 13. As is the king so are his subjects murd; vt;topNah kf;fs;mt;top 14. As you row so shall you reap tpid tpijj;jtd; tpid mWg;ghd; jpid tpijj;jtd; jpidmWg;ghd; 15. Barking dog seldom bites Fiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ 16. Birds of the same feather flock together ,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk;

17. Blood is thicker than water jhdhlh tpl;lhYk; jd; jir MLk; 18. Calm before the storm GaYf;F Kd; mikjp (my;yJ) Gyp gJq;FtJ gha;tjw;F 19. Cast no pearls before swine fOijf;Fj; njhpAkh fw;G+u thrid? 20. Do in Rome Romans do CUld; xj;J tho; 21. Distance lands enchantment to the view ,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir 22. East or West home its the best vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk; 23. Empty vessels make much noise FiwFlk; $j;jhLk; 24. Every vessels make much noise rhz; Vwpdhy; Kok; rWf;Fk; 25. Every ass loves his bray fhf;iff;Fk; jd; FQ;R nghd; FQ;R 26. Every homes some times nods Midf;Fk; mb rWf;Fk; 27. Face is the index of the mind mfj;jpd;moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk; 28. Familiarity breeds contempt gofg; gofg; ghYk; Gspf;Fk; 29. Failure is the stepping stone to success Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F Kjy; gb 30. God is love md;Ng flTs; 31. Honest is the best policy Neh;ikNa rpwe;j nfhs;if 32. Haste makes waste gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk; 33. Knowledge is power mwpNt Mw;wy; 34. Look before you leap Mok; njhpakhky; fhiy tplhNj 35. Let every man praise the bridge he goes over cg;gpl;ltiu cs;ssTk; epid 36. Love is God md;Ng flTs; 37. Man proposes God disposes md;Ng flTs; 38. Make hay while the sun shines fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs; 39. Money makes many things gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak; 40. No rain go gain khhpay;yhJ fhhpakpy;iy 41. No pain no gain ciog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy 42. Necessity has no law Mgj;jpw;Fg; ghtkpy;iy 43. Necessity has no law Mgj;jpw;Fg; ghtkpy;iy 44. Necessity is the mother of invention NjitNa fz;Lgpbg;gpd; jha; 45. One flower makes no garland jdpkuk; Njhg;ghfhJ



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46. Prevention is better than cure. nts;sk; tUk; Kd miz NghL (my;yJ) tUk; Kd; fhg;gNj Nky; 47. Practice makes one perfect tplh Kaw;rpNa xUtid rpwe;jjhf;Fk; 48. Self help is the best help jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp 49. Slow and steady with the race nghWj;jhhh; G+kp Ms;thh; 50. Strike the rod while it is list fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs; 51. Too much of anything is good for nothing. msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;rhFk;. 52. Tit for tat. gopf;Fg; gop. 53. To err is human, to forgive is divine. jtW nra;tJ kdpj ,ay;G. kd;dpg;gJ nja;t ,ay;G. 54. The more haste the worse speed. gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;. 55. Truth alone triamphs. tha;ikNa nty;Yk;. 56. The pen is thicker than the sword. tha; Kidia tpl ngdh Kid vii 1x4=4 ; 1. gonkhop: ‘Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk;’ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : Kaw;rpiaf; iftplhky; njhlh;e;J nra;jhy; tho;tpy; cah;T fpl;Lk;. tho;tpay; epfo;T : ehd; Mwhk; tFg;G gapd;W nfhz;bUe;j NghJ Gjpa khztdhfr; Nrh;e;jhd;. mtd; ,Jtiu rhpahfg; gbf;fhjjdhy; tFg;gpy; ‘mtd; Mq;fpyk; thrpj;jhYk; jkpo; thrpj;jhYk; jtwhf mtd; thrpg;gijf; Nfl;L tFg;Ng rphpf;Fk;’. Mdhy; mtd; mjw;fhf ntl;fg;gltpy;iy. gs;sp Kbe;jJk; vd;idg; Nghd;W ed;whf thrpf;ff; $ba khzth;fsplk; gofp thrpf;ff; fw;whd;. mtd; gs;spapd; Njhl;lq;fspYk; tay;ntspfspYk; jdpikapy; epd;WNkilapy; NgRtJ Nghy; cuf;f Ngrpg; gofpdhd;.gs;spg; Nguitapd; nghWg;ghrphpalk; ‘xNu xU Kiw tha;g;igf; nfhLq;fs; jaT nra;J jaT nra;J‛ vd;WnfQ;rpdhd;. md;W jPghtspj; jpUehisg; gw;wp Ngrpdhd;. Nfl;Nlhh; ‘ ek;kuh[;Fkhuh?‛ vd;W tpae;jdh;. md;W Kjy; jkpohrphpah;fs;mtisg; gy Nghl;bfSf;F mDg;gpdhh;. ngUk;ghyhd Nghl;bfspy; ntd;w uh[;Fkhh; ,g;NghJ12 Mk; tFg;G gbf;fpd;whd;. gs;spapy; ,d;W mtd; Gfo; Ngrhjth; xUtUkpyh;. mtDk; gs;spf;Fg;ngUik Nrh;f;Fk; jiykhzhf;fdhf vq;fNshL gapd;W nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhd;

2. gonkhop: ‘rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk;’ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : rpwpa nghUs; vd;W vjidAk; ,fof; $lhJ. cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk;gad;ghL cz;L.tho;tpay; epfo;T :vq;fs; mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuh; Nehahsp. mth; jpdKk; jdf;Fj; jhNd Crp Nghl;Lf; nfhs;thh;. fhypahdFg;gpia vq;fs; tPl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; J}f;fpg; Nghl;L tpLthh; ‘ cd; kUe;J ghl;by; Fg;igia Vda;ahvd; tPl;Lf;Fs;NghLw vd;W vq;fs; mg;gh mthplk; fLikahfg; NgRtJ cz;L mth; Nfl;gNj ,y;iy. me;jr; rpWFg;gpfis xU rhf;Fg; igapy; ehd; Nrh;j;J itf;fj; njhlq;fpNdd;. mg;ghtpd; rz;ilf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;fg;gl;lJ. vq;fs;gs;spapy; tPzhFk; nghUs;fspy; fiyg;nghUs; cUthf;Fk; Nghl;b ele;jJ. vd;dplk; ,Ue;j me;j kUe;Jf; Fg;gpfisf; nfhz;L jh[;kfhy; fl;blk; cUthf;fpNdd;. fz;Nlhh;tpae;jdh;.Nghl;beLth;fs; ,e;jf; Fg;gpfis ,g;gbg; gad;gLj;jyhkh? mofhf cs;sNj! vd;W ghuhl;bdhh;. Kjw;ghpRk; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ ntw;wpr; rhd;wpjiomg;ghtplk; fhz;gpj;Njd;. mth; vd;id mizj;Jf; nfhz;L ‘rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk; vd;gij nka;g;gpj;J tpl;lhalh‛ vd;W ghuhl;bdhh;.

3. gonkhop: ‘Mapuk; fhf;iff;F xU fy;’ czh;j;Jk; nghUs;: kdtypikaw;w kdpjh;fspd; xw;Wikia vspjhf mopj;J tplyhk;. tho;tpay; epfo;T :vq;fs;mg;gh xUnjhopw;rhiyapy; vOj;juhfg; ;gzpahw;Wfpwhh;. ,e;j Mz;L ey;y cw;gj;jp> vdNtjq;fSf;F gz;biff;Fg; ghpRj; njhif Fiwe;jJ 5000 &gha; toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhlh; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Copah;fs;Fjpj;jdh;. eph;thfpfs; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; fz;L nfhs;shjjhy; Copah;fs; jq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fNshL njhlh; cz;zh tpujg; Nghl;bapy; <Lgl;ldh;. Nghuhl;lk; jPtpuk; mile;jJ. epiyikia czh;e;j eph;thfk; &gha; 3000jUtjhfTk; khjk; khjk; 10 fpNyh mhprpjUtjhfTk; $wpaJ. ,ijf; Nfl;lJk; ngz;fs;$l;lk;Nghuhl;lj;ijf;iftpl;lJ. ciog;ghspfSf;F khjk; khjk; fpilf;fg; NghFk; mhprpia vz;zpg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpf;nfhz;lhh;. kWehs; vy;yhj; njhopyhsh;fspd; tPLfSf;fk; mhprp te;J Nrh;e;jJ. md;W gpw;gfNynjhopw;rhiyf;Ftof;fk; NghyNt Copah;fs; nrd;W tpl;ldh;.Mapuk; fhf;fifs; - njhopyhsh;fs;FLk;gj;jpdh;xU fy; - xt;nthU tPl;bw;Fk; te;j 10 fpNyh mhprp 4. gonkhop: ‘msTf;F kPwpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R’



czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : kdpjDf;F ed;ik jUk; nghUisAk; msNthL gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mstpw;F kPwpdhy; ed;ikNa jPikahf khwptpLk;. tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd; ez;gd; Fkhh; mtd; ed;whfg; gbg;ghd;. jhd;,d;Dk; ed;F gbf;f fzpdp thq;fpj; thq;fpj; ,jdhy;xU ehisf;Fg; gykzp Neuq;fs; fzpdpNahL Neuj;ijr; nrytpl;lhd;. fzpapy; nghwpapay; fy;tp gapd;W cldbahfey;y Ntiyapy; Nrh;e;J if epiwa rk;ghjpj;jhd;. jpBnud;W xUehs; ‘ fz; njhpatpy;iy‛ vd;whd; Fkhh;.mtidg;ghpNrhjpj;j kUj;Jth; ,th; ,uT gfy; vd;W njhlh;e;J Xa;tpd;wp fzpdpapy; gzpahw;wpajpy; ,thpd; fz;rhh;e;jeuk;Gfs; nraypoe;J ktpl;ljhfTk;> kPz;Lk; ey;y ghh;ittUtJ fbdk; vd;wdh;. Fkhh; Ntiyia ,oe;J> ,g;NghJtPl;by; ,Uf;fpwhh;. mkpo;Jfzpdpahy; tho;tpy; cah;e;jJ.eQ;R - ghh;itia ,oe;jJ. 5. gonkhop: ‘xUghid Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW gjk;’ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : xU kpfg;nghpa FOtpdhpd; gz;G eyd;fis xUtiuf; nfhz;Nl cyfk; mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk;.tho;tpay;epfo;Tvd;NdhLtFg;gpy; gbf;Fk; fhh;j;jpNfad; 8>9 Mk; tFg;G gapd;w NghJ Njrpa khzth; gilapy; ,Ue;jdh;.11> 12 tFg;Gfspy; ehl;L eyg;gzpj;jpl;j;jpy; Nrh;e;J Nrit nra;fpwhd;. ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F Kd; mtd; fpuhkj;jpy;,Ue;J gs;sp tUfpd;w topapy; xU fy;Y}hp khztd;. ,U rf;u thfdj;NjhL kaq;fpf; fple;jhd;. kf;fs; $l;lk; ghh;j;Jtpl;L mtuth; gzpfSf;Fr; nrd;wdh;. mq;F te;j fhh;j;jpNfad; clNd xU &gha; fl;lzj; njhiyNgrpapy;fhty;Jiwf;Fk; mbg;gl;l,isQhpd; tPl;bw;Fk; mLj;j miukzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; mtdpd; FLk;gj;jhUk; fhtyh;fSk; te;J tpgj;Jf; fhg;G thfdj;jpy; kUj;Jtkidf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdh;. chpa Neuj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdh;. chpa Neuj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidf;Fr; nrd;wjhy; me;j ,isQh; caph; gpioj;jhd;. kfpo;e;j mtdJ jha;> fhh;j;jpNfaDf;F xU iff;fbfhuk; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jhh;. fhh;j;jpNfaNdhjhd;nra;a Ntz;ba flikiaj; jhd;nra;jjhfTk; mjw;Fg; ghpR Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; kWj;J tpl;lhd;. me;j jhNahcq;fs; gs;spjd;dykw;w Nrit nra;Ak; khzth;fiscUthf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjw;F ,e;j xU khztNd NghJk;‛vd;W $wp fhh;j;jpNfaid tho;j;jpdhh;.xU ghid - gs;sp xU NrhW - khztd; fhh;j;jpNfad; 6. gonkhop: ‘,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir’

czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : mUfpy; fpilf;Fk; tho;tpay; ,d;gq;fistpl Ntw;W ,lj;jpy; njhiytpy;fpilf;Fk; ,d;dgk; kpf cah;e;jjhf xU khaj; Njhw;wk; Njhd;Wk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd; mz;zd; utprq;fh; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpapy;Kjy; khztdhf ntw;wp ngw;WWit rpfpr;ir epGzUf;Fhpa cah; fy;tpiaAk; fw;whd;. xU nghpa jdpahh; kUj;Jt kidapy; khjk; &gha; 50>000rk;gsj;jpy; gzpahw;w vd;mz;zd; miof;fg;gl;lhd;. xU Mz;L mq;F gzpahw;wpdhd;. cld; gzpahsh;fSk;cah; kUj;Jth;fSk; mtidg; ghuhl;bdh;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,e;jpa kUj;Jth;fSk; khjr; rk;gsk; Fiwe;jJ 2 ,yl;rk;vd;gijAk; ,ju trjp tha;g;GfSk; cz;L vd;Wk; ez;gh;fs; $wpaijf; Nfl;L mnkhpf;fh nrd;whd;. mtDf;F epA+ahh;f;fpy; xU jdpahh; kUj;Jt kidapy; Ntiy fpilj;jJ. khjr; rk;gsk; 3 ,yl;rk; vy;NyhUk; mtd; tho;T,dpNky; nropg;ghf ,Uf;Fnkd;W vz;zpNdhk;. mq;Fs;s rpukq;fis mDgtpj;J tpl;L ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F gpwF mnkhpf;fhit tpl;L kPz;Lk; jhd; gzpahw;wpa kUj;JkidapNy gzpf;Fr; Nrh;e;jhd;. vd mz;zDf;F,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ,uz;L tUlk; MdJ . ,f;fiu - ,e;jpahtpy; kUj;Jtg; gzpmf;fiu - mnkhpf;fhtpy; kUj;Jtg; gzp 7. gonkhop: ‘tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpAk;’ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : xU kdpjdpd; rpwe;j gz;GfSk; jpwikfSk; mtdJ rpW gps;isg; gUtj;jpNy ntspg;gLk;.tho;tpay; epfo;Tfs; : kJiuapy; mJ tWikapy; thba FLk;gk; me;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; fWg;G ituk; Nghy vl;lhtjhf xU Mz;Foe;ij gpwe;jJ. gs;spg; gUtj;jpy; me;jf; Foe;ij gy ghpRfisAk; ngw;W mk;khtplk; nfhLj;jJghpR gzkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,tDf;F ,d;Dk;ey;y czT nfhLg;NgNd!‛vd;W me;j mk;kh kdjpw;Fs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhs;. mtd; tsh;e;J jdJ Ngr;rhw;wyhy; kJiu mnkhpf;fd;fy;Y}hpapy; Nguhrphpauhdhh;. gpwF ahtUk; tpUk;gpf; Nfl;Fk;gb ciuahw;Wk; Ngr;rhsuhdhh;. gl;bkd;w eLtuhdhh;.gps;isg; gUtj;jpy; ,thplk; ,Ue;j Ngr;rhw;wy; ,d;W ,tiu cyfk; mwpej; cah;e;j Ngr;rhsuhfg; Nghw;Wk; epiyj;Jf; nfhz;L te;Js;sJ mth; jhd; gl;bkd;wj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;w jpU. rhykd; ghg;igahmth;fs; mtuJ CUk; cwTk;tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpe;jJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. tpisAk; gaph; - Ngr;rhw;wy; epiwe;j vl;lhtJ gps;is tpise;jgaph; - cyF Nghw;Wk; jpU. rhykd; ghg;igah 8. gonkhop: ‘Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;Fg; gbj;jy;’



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czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : Njhy;tpf;F chpa fhuzj;ij Muha Kad;wtUf;F me;jj; Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;Fhpa topfis mikf;Fk;. tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd;NdhL 10 Mk; tFg;gpy; gapd;wtd; mUz; mtd; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Njhw;Wg; Nghdhd;. tPl;bNy Klq;fpmOJ nfhz;bUe;jhd; mtdJ mk;kh vd; tPl;bw;F te;J mtid MWjy; gLj;jr; nrhd;dhs;. mtdplk; ehd;nrd;Nwd;tho;tpay; Njhy;tpAw;W ntd;w mwptpaypd; je;ij Id;];Bd; gw;wp vLj;J nrhd;Ndd;. eP Njhw;wjw;fhdfhuzj;ijf; fz;Lgpb. mJNt cd; ntw;wpf;F Kjw;gb vd;Nwd;. Fwpg;gpl;l Nfs;tpfis kl;Lk; Njh;e;J vLj;Jg;gbj;J> kw;w Nfs;tpfisgl; gbf;fhky; ,Ue;jJ jhd; - jdJ Njhy;tpf;Ff; fhuzk; vd;whd;. ntF Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;eP ed;whf gbj;J vOjpg; ghh;f;f ehd; vy;yh topfspYk; cjTfpNwd; vd;W cWjp mspj;Njd;. mt;thNw mtdJ 10Mk; tFg;Gj; Njh;tpw;F mtDf;F cjtpahf ,Ue;Njd;.Njhy;tp - Njh;e;J vLj;Jg; gbj;Jntw;wp - vy;yhk; gbj;jjhy; te;jJ 9. gonkhop : ‘xd;W gl;lhy; cz;l tho;T‘ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : cyfpy; kdpjh;fs; xd;W $b xU nraiyr; nra;jhy; mjpy; ntw;wp fpl;Lk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :vq;fs; tPl;bw;F Kd; njUtpd; rhf;fil XLfpwJ. ,uz;L ehl;fshf VNjh milj;Jj; Jh;ehw;wk; tPrj;njhlq;fpaJ. vd; mg;gh efuhl;rp mYtyfk; nrd;W rhf;filiar; Rj;jk; nra;a tpz;zg;gk; nfhLj;jhh;.ghprPypg;gjhfTk; tpiutpy; eltbf;if vLg;gjhfTk; mjpfhhpfs; gjpy; $wpdhh;fNs jtpu %d;W ehl;fs; MfpAk;rhf;filiar; Rj;jk; nra;a tutpy;iy. kWehs; vd; mg;gh vq;fs; gFjpapy; ,Ue;j vy;yh tPl;bdiuAk; re;jpj;JtPl;bw;F xUth; tpfpjk; jd;NdhL kw;nwhU kDitf; nfhLf;f tUkhW mioj;jhh;. Vwf;Fiwa 200 Ngh; Nrh;e;JxU $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOjp khefuhl;rpf;F nrd;wdh;. $l;lj;ijg; ghh;j;jNkyjpfhhpNa Nehpy; te;J eltbf;ifvLg;gjhfTk; cWjp $wpdhh;. md;W gpw;gfy; 2 kzpf;F efuhl;rp Copah;fs; te;J rhf;fil milg;Gfis ePf;fpRj;jg;gLj;jpdh;. vq;fs; efhpd; Jh;ehw;wk; ePq;fpaJ. vd; mg;gh jd;Dld; te;jth;fSf;F ed;wp $wpdhhh;.jdp tpz;zg;gk; - Njhy;tp$l;L tpz;zg;gk; - ntw;wp 10. gonkhop - ‘jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp’ czh;j;Jk; cz;ik : jd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jhNd fhuzkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kad;W tho;f. tho;tpay; epfo;T :vd; mz;zd; jPgd; 11 Mk; tFg;gpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. mts; ed;whfg; gbg;ghs;. mtd; ‘IIT,y; Nrh;e;J gbj;jhy;

kfpTk; ey;yJ vd;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; mjw;F vd;d nra;tJ vd;W njhpatpy;iy‛ vd;W $wptUe;jJthd;. vq;fs; mg;gh gbf;fhj tptrhap vd;gjhy;> vd;mz;zDf;F ,J gw;wp mg;gh cjt ,aytpy;iy.vq;fs; njUtpw;F mLj;j njUtpy; xU khztd;IIT ,y; Nrh;e;J gbj;J te;jhd;. mtdpd; ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; vg;gbr;Nrh;tJ? vq;nfq;F gapw;rpf;Fr; nry;tJ vd;nwy;yhk; mz;zd; Nfl;lhd; mth;fs; rhpahfg; gjpy; nrhy;ytpy;iy.gpwF ,izajsj;jpy; jfty;fis mf;fh Nrfhpj;jhs. 11 Mk; tFg;G tpLKiwapy; nrd;idapy; cs;s gapw;rpf; $lk; nrd;W IIT EioTj; Njh;tpw;Fg; gbj;jhs;. 12 - Mk; tFg;G Kbj;j gpwFk; gapw;rpf;Fr; nrd;whs;.nrd;idapy; mjw;Fhpa EioTj; Njh;tpy; ntd;W ,d;W IIT khztpahf mf;fh gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.gpwiu ek;Gtij tpl ek;ik ek;g Ntz;Lk; vDk; ghlj;ij vd; mf;fhtplk; ,Ue;J ehd; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;. 11. gonkhop ‘kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y’czh;j;Jk ; nghUs; : Gfo;ngWtd vy;yhk; nka;ahdit my;y NghypfSk; cz;Ltho;tpay; epfo;T : vq;fs; Ngl;ilapy; ,uz;L Mz;lfSf;F Kd;G ghG vd;gth; jdpahh; Nrkpg;G tq;fpxd;iwj; njhlq;fpdhh;. ‘Njrpa tq;fpfs; toq;Ftij tpl mjpf tl;b jUNthk;‛ vd;W Cnuq;Fk; tpsk;guk; nra;jhh;.vq;fs; gFjp kf;fs; cioj;J cioj;Jr; Nrh;j;j gzj;ij me;jj; jdpahh; tq;fpapy; $Ljy; tl;bf;F Mirg;gl;LKjyPL nra;jdh;. NkYk; me;j ghG Njrpa tq;fpfis tplf; Fiwe;j tl;bf;F xd;W ,uz;L NgUf;F fld; $lf;nfhLj;jhh;. ‘,J mUikahd tq;fp’ vd;W kf;fs; ek;gp> mjpy; Vuhskhd gzj;ij KjyPL nra;jdh;. Mdhy; nrd;wkhjj;jpy; xU ehs; ghGtpd; FLk;gk; Ciu tpl;Nl nrd;W tpl;lJ. gzk; Nghl;bUe;j kf;fs; fhty; epiyaj;jpd;Kd;G epd;W fjwp mOjdh;. ‘kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y vd;W ek; Kd;Ndhh; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jij mwpahky; ,g;gb Vkhe;J tpl;Bh;fNs ehd; jFe;j eltbf;if vLf;fpNwd;‛ vd;W $wp fhty;Jiw Ma;thsh; kf;fismikjpg;gLj;jpdhh;. 12. gonkhop : ‘fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wp nfhs;’ czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;w NghNj KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jp ntw;wpnfhs;. tho;tpay; epfo;T : vq;fs; gFjpapy; Maj;j Milafk; itj;jpUg;gth; Ntyd;. ,th; jPghtsp tug;NghFk;xU khjj;jpw;F Kd;Ng kpFjpahd tpsk;guq;fisf; nfhLg;ghh;. tpahghuj;jpw;F ,t;tsT tpsk;guk; Njitah? ‚vd;W mth; kidtp Nfl;ghh;.‘ jPghtsp KbfpwJf;Fs;Ns



rk;ghjpj;jhy; jhd; cz;L vd;W nrhy;Yk; mth; jPghtspf;F xU thuk; Kd;G Vuhskhd ghpRj; jpl;lq;fis mwptpj;jhh;. tpw;gidiag; ngUf;fpdhh;. jPghtspf;F Ke;ija ehs;mjpubj;js;Sgb vd;W kpff; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F Maj;j Milfis tpw;whh;. Fiwthf ,yhgk; itj;J tpw;fpwPh;fNs‛vd;W tUj;jj;NjhL Nfl;Fk; kidtpaplk; kf;fs; Jzp thq;fpwNj jPghtspf;F kl;Lk; jhd; me;j Neuk; vt;tsTtpahghuk; nra;a KbANkh mt;tsT tpahghuk; nra;tJ jhd; Gj;jprhypj;jdk;. ,ijj;jhd; ek;Kila %j;Njhh;fs;fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;fs;‛ vd;W $wpdhh;. mth; kidtpAk; mij xg;Gf; nfhz;lhs; vii 10x1=10

thf;fpag; gpioiaj; jpUj;Jjy; 1. tz;bfs; XlhJ - tz;bfs; Xlh 2. mit ,q;Nf csJ- mit ,q;Nf cs 3. mJ vy;yhk; - mit vy;yhk; 4. kf;fs; fpilahJ -kf;fs; ,y;iy 5.tUtJk;NghtJk; fpilahJ tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilah 6. xd;Nwh my;yJ ,uz;Nlh jUf xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh jUf 7. nrd;id vd;w efuk; -nrd;id vd;Dk; efuk; 8. vdJ kfd;---- vd; kfd; 9. Vw;fj; jf;fJ my;y --Vw;fj; jf;fJ md;W 10. mtsJ je;ij ---mts; je;ij 11. Gyp te;jd ---Gyp te;jJ 12. vUJfs; XbaJ ---vUJfs; Xbd 13. G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ G+f;fs; kyh;e;jJ kzk; tPrpd 14. vdf;Fg; gy Ntiyfs; ,Uf;fpwJ vdf;F Ntiyfs; gy ,Uf;fpd;wd 15. ,q;Fs;sJ vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs ,q;Fs;sit vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs 16. vdf;Fg; gy tPLfs; cs vdf;F tPLfs; gy cs;sd 17. ,J nghJ top my;y--- ,J nghJ topmd;W 18. tpohtpy; gy mwpQh; Ngrpdh; tpohtpy; mwpQh; gyh; Ngrpdh; 19.njd;wy; nky;y tPrpd --njd;wy; nky;ytPrpaJ 20. thfdj;ij ,lJ gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj thfdj;ij ,lg;gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj 21. gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yd gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yJ 22. tyJ gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj tyg;gf;f Rthpy; vOjhNj 23. xt;nthU rpw;W}u;fspYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ xt;nthU rpw;W}hpYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ

24. ek; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %tz;zk; cs;sJ ek; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %tz;zq;fs;cs;sd. 25. ehd; xU Gjpa E}y; xd;W thq;fpNdd; ehd; xU Gjpa E}y; thq;fpNdd;. 26. khztu;fs; fy;tpawpT xOf;fj;jpw; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.khzth;fs; fy;tpawptpYk; xOf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk; 27. mth;jhd; $wpdhh; ,th;jhd; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth; jhd; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs;fhz;f. mth;jhk; $wpdhh; ,th; jhk; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth;jhk; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f. 28. ey;yitfSk; nfl;litfSk; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. ey;yitAk; nfl;litAk; gj;jphpigfs; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. 29. fz;zd; KUfd; kw;Wk; Ntyd; te;jdh; fz;zd; KUfd; Ntyd; MfpNahh; te;jdh;. 30.nrd;idf;F mUfhkapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp my;y. nrd;idf;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhpmd;W. 31. jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whh;. jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whs;. 32. ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yth? ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yNuh?

ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf 1. ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpfha; fLfha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffis nfhz;lJ jpupgiy vdg;gLk;. ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;> fLf;fha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jphpgiy vdg;gLk;. 2. nfhr;ir nrhw;fSk; t*cr; nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahf Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh? nfhr;irr; nrhw;fSk; t*c nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahff; Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia Gwf;fzpf;ff; $LNkh? 3. fiyj;Jiw> nkhopJiw> kUj;JtJiw> ,irJiw> rkaJiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpjd;Nwh? fiyj;Jiw> nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;Jtj;Jiw> ,irj;Jiw rkaj;Jiw Mfpatw;wpw;FMgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpjd;Nwh? 4. jkpopirapy; Maghiy> tl;lghiy> jphpNfhz ghiy> rJughiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd. jkpopirapy; Mag;ghiy> tl;lg;ghiy> jphpNfhzg; ghiy> rJug;ghiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd. 5. Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jt nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 6.gl;l gfypNy ghtyh;f;F Njhd;Wk; nel;ilfdT gl;g; gfypNy ghtyh;f;Fj; Njhd;Wk; nel;ilf;fdT



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7. gjpf fpstp gy;tif nghUis njhFjpahf nrhy;Yjy; MFk;. gjpff; fpstp gy;tifg; nghUisj; njhFjpahfr; nrhy;Yjy; MFk;. 8. fs;thh;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;F js;shJ Gj;Njd; cyF. fs;th;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph; epiy fs;shhf;Fj; js;shJ Gj;Njd; cyF. 9. NjUis Gutp thuz njhFjpk jpiwfs; nfhz;L tuk; kd;d NjUisg; Gutp thuzj; njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tuk; kd;d 10. njhd; %jhyj;J nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h; Nfhrh; njhd; %jhyj;Jg; nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h;f; Nfhrh;. 11. gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; nry;tk;. gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; nry;tk; 12. mwpT FiwT ftdf; FiwT jpwik FiwT Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. mwpTf; FiwT ftdf; FiwT jpwikf; FiwT 13. Cl;l rj;J Fiwthy; fUf; nfhz;l jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Cl;lr;rj;Jf; Fiwthy; fUf; nfhz;l jha; FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;. 14. ghljpl;lj;jpy; FkugUt rpf;fy;fis jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy; Fkug; gUtr; rpf;fy;fisj; jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfisr; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. 15. Nghij gof;fj;jhy; Crpfis gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;F fhuzk; MFk;. Nghijg; gof;fj;jhy; Crpfisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;. 16. czT nghUs; ju Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ czTg; nghUs; juf;Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ. 17.‘nry;trpWkPh;fhs;!ePuhlNghJtPh;!‛ vd;whs;Nfhij 18. nte;ja nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;f G+f;fs;. nte;jar; nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;fg; G+f;fs; 19. nfhj;jp jphpAk; me;j Nfhop nfhj;jpj; jphpAk; me;jf; Nfhop 20. fpl;l Nghdhy; Kl;l gif fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif 21. rhiu ghk;G FUtp $l;by; Eioe;jJ rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf; $l;by; Eioe;jJ 22. Mrphpah; elj;jh ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;j Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy Mrphpah; elj;jhg; ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy

23. Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyh gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOj njhpatpy;iy Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOjj; njhpatpy;iy 24. vijAk; vOjp gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;F nrhd;dhh;. vijAk; vOjpg; gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;. 25. me;j rpWtd; ve;j gs;spapy; gbj;J rpwe;jhd;. me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;. 26. xl fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;f fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk; Xlf; fhz;gJ nts;sk; xLq;ff; fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk; 27. thiogoj;ij jpd;w gpd; Njhiy rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;ig $ilapy; NghL. thiog;goj;ijj; jpd;w gpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;igf; $ilapy; NghL

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy; 1. b.tp.apy; rPhpay; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; iyg;Ng Nghh; mbj;J tpLk; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b. njhiyf;fhl;rpj; njhlh; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; tho;f;ifNa ntWj;J tpLk; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b. 2. ,e;jnrQ;Rhp nld;\d; epiwe;jJ. ,e;j E}w;whz;L kd mOj;jk; epiwe;jJ. 3. ];ypk;khf ,Ug;gNj gpA+l;b vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ. nkypfh,Ug;gNj moF vd;w vz;zk;gutp tUfpwJ. 4. ‘tPf;Md Mz;l;b nu];l; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;‛ vd;W `hh;l; ];ng\yp];l; ml;it]; $wpdhh;. typikaw;w vd; mj;ij Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,ja kUj;Jt ty;Yeh; mwpTiu $wpdhh;. 5. lahngl;bf; Ng\z;l; ];tPl; rhg;gpLtij ];lhg; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ePhpopT Nehahsp,dpg;Grhg;gpLtijepWj;jpl Ntz;Lk; 6. NghyP]; ];Nl\d; Ngha; fk;g;nsapz;l; nfhL. fhty; epiyak; nrd;W Gfhh; nfhL . 7. Vh;Nghh;l; nrd;W gpnuz;il hprpt;nra;a Ntz;Lk;. tpkhd epiyak;nrd;Wez;giumioj;Jtu Ntz;Lk; 8. g]; gpbj;J fhNy[; Nghf Ntz;Lk; NgUe;ijg; gpbj;J fy;Y}hpf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk;. 9. vy;yh \hg;GfspYk; fh];l;ypahf cs;sJ. vy;yhf; filfspYk; tpiymjpfkhf cs;sJ. 10. gh;j;Nl tho;j;Jf;F nuhk;g jhq;];gpwe;j ehs; tho;j;Jf;F kpfTk; ed;wp.



11. ];$y; gh;];l; ngy; mbr;rhr;rp ehd; Nyl;lh NghNwd; gs;sp Kjy; kzp mbj;jhfp tpl;lJ ehd; jhkjkhfr; nry;fpNwd 12. Nguz;l;]; nrhy;wgb ];^ld;]; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. ngw;Nwhh; $wpathW khzth;fs; Nfl;fNtz;Lk;. 13. <tpdpq;fpy; vd; kk;kpAk; lhbAk; thf;fpq; nry;th;fs;. khiyapy; vd; jhAk; je;ijAk; eilg; gaw;rpf;Fr; nry;thh;fs;. 14. hp[p];lh; Ngh];by; mg;spNf\d; mDg;gTk;. gjpTj; jghypy; tpz;zg;gj;ij mDg;gTk;. mYtyff; fiyr; nrhw;fSf;F jkpohf;fk ; mYtyfr; nrhy; jkpo;r;nrhy; 1.nuf;fhh;l; - Mtzk;2.nrful;lhp - nrayh; 3.NkNd[h; - Nkyhsh;4.igy; - Nfhg;G 5.GNuhNehl; -xg;Gr; rPl;L6. ghy;fdp - Kfg;Gkhlk; 7.gh];Nghh;l; - flTr; rPl;L8.bird; - tbtikg;G 9.rhk;gpad; - thif #b10.tprh - EioT,irT 11nlypNfl; - Nguhsh; 12.];ng\y; g]; - jdpg;NgUe;J/rpwg;Gg; NgUe;J 13.GuNghry; - fUj;JU 14.Ml;Nlhfpuhg; - tho;j;njhg;gk; 15.tprpl;bq;fhh;L - fhz;Gr; rPl;L 16.gphPg;Nf]; - FWk; ngl;b 17.tk;rk; - jpul;rpj; njhif 18.nkapd; NuhL - Kjd;ikr; rhiy 19.GNuhl;Nlh fhy; - kuGj; jfT 20.nrf; - fhNrhiy 21.urPJ - gw;Wr; rPl;L 22.gpio jpUj;jk; 23.gyhg;gpQ;R - gyh %R 24.thiog; gpQ;R - thiof;fr;ry; 25.KUq;ifg; gpQ;R - KUq;ifr; ruL 26.mtiug; gpQ;R - mtiug; nghl;L 27.khk;gpQ;R – khtL 28.,se;Njq;fha; - tOf;if 29.Kw;wpa Njq;fha; - new;W

.gwit kuG xyp 1.Me;ij-myWk; 2.Fapy; - $Tk; 3.Nfhl;lhd; - FoWk; 4.FUtp - fPr;rpLk; 5.Nfhop - nfhf;fhpf;Fk; 6.Nrty; - $Tk; 7.kapy; - mfTk; 8.tz;L - KuYk; 9.fhfk; - fiuAk; 10.fpsp - NgRk; / nfhQ;Rk; 11.tpyq;F xyp 12.Fjpiu - fidf;Fk; 13.fOij - fj;Jk; 14.ehp - CisapLk; 15.eha; - Fiuf;Fk; 16.gR - fjWk; 17.gd;wp - cWKk; 18.ahid - gpspWk; 19.rpq;fk; - Koq;Fk; / fh;r;rpf;Fk; 20.rq;F - Koq;Fk; gwit tpyq;F ,Ug;gplk; Nfhopg;gz;iz Ml;Lg;gl;b khl;Lj; njhOtk; ahidf; $lk; Fjpiuf; nfhl;by; jhtq;fspd; njhFg;G

khe;Njhg;G gyhj;Njhg;G rTf;Fj; Njhg;G njd;de;Njhg;G thioj; Njhl;lk; G+e;Njhl;lk; gdq;fhL G+Q;Nrhiy Ntyq;fhL Nrhsf; nfhy;iy Njapiyj; Njhl;lk; ntw;wpiyj; Njhl;lk; jhtu cWg;G thioapiy khtpiy ney;jhs; gidNahiy KUq;iff; fPiu jpidj;jhs; ntq;fhaj; jhs; njd;dq;fPw;W Ntg;ge;jiio 1. fhfk; $Tk;. eha; fj;Jk; fhfk; fiuAk; . eha; Fiuf;Fk; 2. fhl;y ahid fj;jpaJ. Gyp $tpaJ fhl;by; ahid gpspwpaJ. Gyp cWkpaJ 3. ePhpd;wp eQ;irAk; GQ;irAk; tpisatpy;iy ePhpd;wp ed;nra;Ak; Gd;nra;Ak; tpisatpy;iy 4. ahid Nka;g;gNdhL Ml;Lg; ghfDk; te;jhd; ahidg; ghfNdhL Ml;L ,ilad; te;jhd;. 5. fUk;Gj; Njhg;Gf;F mUfhikapy; eha; fj;jpaJ. fUk;Gj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; eha; Fiuj;jJ. 6. kapy; $t Fapy; mft fpsp ghbaJ. kapy; mft Fapy; $t fpsp NgrpaJ 7.Njapiyj;Njhg;Gf;F mUfpy; gyhj;Njhl;lk;cs;sJ Njapiyj;Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy;gyhj;Njhg;Gcs;sJ 8. Nrhsf;fhL - Myq;nfhy;iy Nrhsf;nfhy;iy- Myq;fhL 9. Fjpiuj; njhOtk; - ahidf; $lk; Fjpiuf; nfhl;by; - ahidf; $lk; 10. rTf;Fj; Njhl;lk; -fk;gq;fhL rTf;Fj; Njhg;G - fk;gq;nfhy;iy 11. NrhW jpd;W gok; cz;Lghy; rhg;gpl;Lg;gLj;jhd; NrhW cz;L gok; jpd;W ghy; gUfpg; gLj;jhd; nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf. 1. mg;gprp khrk; mlks ,k;ghq;f Ig;grp khjk; milkio vd;ghh;fs; 2. NfhspKl;il jhthuj;jpy; cUz;lJ NfhopKl;il jho;thuj;jpy; cUz;lJ 3.ntbaq;fhl;bAk; ntj;jpiyNghlwJ xUgsf;fkh? tpbtjw;Fs; ntw;wpiy NghLtJ xU gof;fkh? 4. xUj;jd; xz;baha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Ch;Nfhykh? xUtd; xd;wpaha;g; Nghdy; mJ Ch;tykh? 5. nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhh;itahfg; NgR nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhitahfg; NgR 6. Fse;j Vd; mSTJ?Foe;ij Vd; mOfpwJ? 7. ,d;dpf;fp rha;q;fhyk; jq;fr;rp tUth



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,d;W rhAq;fhyk; jq;if tUths; 8.NrhW jpd;W> gok; cz;L>ghy; rhg;gpl;Lg; gLj;jhd; NrhW cz;L gok; jpd;W ghy; gUfpg;gLj;jhd; 9. Mj;jq;fiuapy; fhzp eQ;ir epyk; cs;sJ. Mw;wq;fiuapy;Ie;J fhzp ed;nra; epyk; cs;sJ. 10. tyJgf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj. tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj 11. ntwF tpf;fpw ntiyia ghh;j;jpah? tpwF tpw;fpw tpiyiag; ghh;j;jpah? 12. gPf;fq;fhAk; ghtf;fhAk; jpd;dj; njtpl;lJ gPh;f;fq;fhAk; ghfw;fhAk; jpd;dj; njtpl;LfpwJ. 13. mtd; vz;izAk; ntz;izAk; thq;fpte;jhd; mtd; vz;nza;Ak; ntz;nza;Ak; thq;fp te;jhd;. vOj;Jg;gpiofisj; jpUj;jp vOJjy;;;;;;;; 1. guit ,iwahfg; gaW tiffisj; jpz;Zk; gwit ,iuahfg; gaW tiffisj; jpd;Dk; 2. Mw;wpy; nty;yk; fiw Guz;L XLfpwJ Mw;wpy; nts;sk; fiu Gwz;L XLfpwJ 3. nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhs; kha;Nthk; vd;gJ tPd; Ngr;R. nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhy; kha;Nthk; vd;gJ tPz; Ngr;R 4. nes; taypy; fiy ghpj;jNghJ muT fbj;jjhy; mswpdhd; ney; taypy; fis gwpj;jNghJ muT fbj;jjhy;mywpdhd; 5. mjpfhiyapy; Nfhyp $TKd; vYe;J gs;Jyf;fpagpd; gbj;Njd;. mjpfhiyapy; Nfhop $TKd; vOe;J gy;Jyf;fpa gpd; gbj;Njd; 6.Fyj;jpy;jhkiug;G+Tk;ms;spg;G+Tk;msfha;g;G+f;Fk ;. Fsj;jpy;jhkiug;G+Tk;my;ypg;G+Tk; mofha;g;G+f;Fk;. 7. gizNahis tprphpahy; tprphpajhy; iftpuy; tspj;jJ. gidNahiy tprpwpahy; tprpwpajhy; iftpuy; typj;jJ. 8. ,iyQh;fs; kd;uk; mikj;Jj; jkps; tyh;f;f KbT nra;jdh; ,isQh;fs; kd;wk; mikj;Jj; jkpo; tsh;f;f KbT nra;jdh; 9. fhisapy; gy;yp nrd;W fs;tp fw;wpl Ntz;Lk;. fhiyapy; gs;sp nrd;W fy;tp fw;wpl Ntz;Lk;. 10. nre;jkps; nkhypNa jkps; ehl;ltUf;F tpspahfj; jpfo;fpwJ. nre;jkpo; nkhopNa jkpo; ehl;ltUf;F tpopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

11. epshnthspapy; jh[;kfs; mjpf msfhfj; Njhz;Wk; epyhnthspapy; jh[;kfy; mjpf mofhfj; Njhd;Wk; 12. ey;y vz;izAk; Gz;zhf;Fk; md;id thq;fptwr; nrhd;dhh;. ey;y vz;nza;Ak; gpz;zhf;Fk; md;id thq;fptur; nrhd;dhh;. 13. Rtw;wpy; vSjhNj Rthpy; vOjhNj 14. thyg;gsk; jpd;wgpd; Njhis rhisapy; Nghlf;$lhJ thiog;gok; jpd;wgpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy; Nghlf;$lhJ 15. Fye;ijapd; mYifia khw;w jha; thiyg;gok; je;J jhshl;Lg; ghbdhy; Foe;ijapd; mOifia khw;w jha; thiog;gok; je;J jhyhl;Lg; ghbdhs; 16. nkhl;L ksh;e;J kdk; tPrpaJ nkhl;L kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ 17. khl;Lj; njhStj;jpy; rhdj;ij mo;opr; Rj;jg;gLj;Jf. khl;Lj; njhOtj;jpy; rhzj;ij ms;spr; Rj;jg;gLj;Jf. 18. eha; Fiwj;jJk; tPl;bs; cy;Nyhh; tpof;if Vw;wpdh; eha; Fiuj;jJk; tPl;by; cs;Nshh; tpsf;if Vw;wpdh; 19. Nfhypg; gd;idapy; fhpf;Nfhypfs; toh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. Nfhopg; gz;izapy; fwpf;Nfhopfs; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. 20. fhisapy; NjapisePh; Fbj;jhy; RURUg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. fhiyapy; Njapiy ePh; Fbj;jhy; RWRWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. 21. jha;g;gho; Fye;ijfSf;F es;sJ jha;g;ghy; Foe;ijfSf;F ey;yJ 22. E}s; vStJk; NghJ ftzkhf ,Uf;fNtd;Lk;. E}y; vOJk; NghJ ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 23.re;jzk; G+rp> jpUePU ,l;L gf;jpNahLnrs;fpwhs; re;jdk; G+rp jpUePW ,l;L> gf;jpNahL nry;fpwhs; 24. fjph;mUf;fTk; fiy vLf;fTk; $spFiwthfj; jWfpwhh;fs;. fjph;mWf;fTk; fis vLf;fTk; $yp Fiwthfj; jUfpwhh;fs; 25. fpop kwj;jpd; fpiyapNs msifj; Nja;f;fpwJ. fpsp kuj;jpd; fpisapNy myifj; Nja;f;fpwJ. 26.ahiz Nfhtpisr; Rw;wp vq;fy; njWtpy;te;jJ.



ahid Nfhtpiyr; Rw;wp vq;fs; njUtpy; te;jJ. 27. gshg;gor; Riy> Njz; Ngho; ,zpf;fpwJ. gyhg;gor; Ris Njd; Nghy; ,dpf;fpwJ. 28. ntaps; fhsj;jpy; ntd;dPhpy; Fopf;fyhkh? ntapy; fhyj;jpy; nte;ePhpy; Fspf;fyhkh? 29.rop>,Wky; gpbj;J kpfTk; njhs;isahfcs;sJ. rsp>,Uky;gpbjJ; kpfTk;njhyi;yahf css;J. 30. ,sdPh; Fbj;jhs; Foph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,sePh; Fbj;jhy; Fsph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ. 31. flw;ghiw fj;jhpf;Nfhs; ,uz;Lk; gf;fj;J tPl;by; Nfy;. flw;ghiufj;jhpf;Nfhy; ,uz;Lk;gf;fj;JtPl;by;Nfs;. 32. Njhl;by; jpUfhdp fsd;W NjhL njhioe;J tpl;lJ. Njhl;by; jpUfhzp fod;W NjhL njhiye;J tpl;lJ. 33. khztdpd; FUk;ig Mrpwpah; nghUj;Jf; nfhz;L cotpay; Kiwapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. khztdpd; FWk;ig Mrphpah; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L cstpay; Kiwapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. 34. jPghtyp gsfhuk; nghq;fs; tiuf;Fk;jPutpy;iy. jPghtsp gyfhuk; nghq;fy; tiuf;Fk; jPutpy;iy 35. Nehz;G fhsj;jpy; fQ;rp Fbg;gJ ,];shkpahpd; tho;T KiwahFk;. Nehd;G fhyj;jpy; fQ;rp Fbg;gJ ,];yhkpahpd; tho;T KiwahFk;. 36.fd;idtpspj;Jg; ghh;j;jJk; kWj;jth; kaq;fpdhh; 37. itf;Nfhs; khLfYf;F czthfpwJ. itf;Nfhy; khLfSf;F czthfpwJ. 38. ez;nra; epsk; Fiue;j tpisf;F thq;fpNdd;. ed;nra; epyk; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F thq;fpNdd 39. rikao; fl;bs; rpiug;gl;Lf; fplg;gjh ngz;ikapd; thy;T. rikay; fl;by; rpiwg;gl;Lf; fplg;gjhngz;ikapd; tho;T. 40. rhAq;fhsk; Kbe;J me;jp te;jJk; epsT thzpy; csTk;. rhAq;fhyk; Kbe;J me;jp te;jJk; epyT thdpy; cyTk;. VETRI TUITIN & TUTORIAL CENTER

THIMMANAICKENPATTY RASIPURAM

NAMAKKAL BRANCH

VALAPPADAY.

POOSALIYOR,

MATHRUTU

CELL ;97863 64848

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Kaw;rp gapw;rp ntw;wp ntw;wp ba+rd; nrd;lh; VETRI TUITION & TUTORIAL CENTER THIMMANAICKENPATTY (PO) RASIPURAM (TK) NAMAKKAL(DT) 636202 1