KAUSAR AHMAD KULLIYYAH OF PHARMACY, IIUM PHM4153 Dosage Design 2 2010/11 1 Creams An introduction it is not

KAUSAR AHMADKULLIYYAH OF PHARMACY, I IUM

PHM4153 Dosage Design 2 2010/11

1

Creams An introduction it is not

http://staff.iium.edu.my/akausar

http://staff.iiu.edu.my/akausar

Contents


2

Types of creams

Mode of action

Factors influencing efficacy

Manifestation of skin problem


3

Example of Cream for the treatment of eczema

http://www.freederm.com/


4

CLAIMS:

stops itching,

heals and softens the

skin,

kills bacteria that

causes irritation.



Considerations in Dosage Design


5

Types of ailments

e.g.

Headache

Cough

Rashes

Fever

Cold

Delivery route of medications

e.g.OralOcularBuccalPercutaneous/

Transdermal Skin is barrier

CREAMS, gels, pastes, poultices

Cream


6

• e.g. lanolin or petrolatum, and water, the main ingredient being water

a viscous, semisolid emulsion of oil

• spreads readily

Preferable

• Non-greasy• aqueous cream as water washable bases• e.g. hydrocortisone cream

oil-in-water

• greasy• e.g. emollient & cleansing

water-in-oil

Ointment


7

ointment - a semisolid emulsion of oil and water, the main ingredient being oil

many topical drugs

specially formulated ophthalmic ointments

applied topically to the eye without causing irritation

Mode of action


8

e.g. sunscreen

In intimate contact with skin with the site of action for a

period of time

1) Local and topical

e.g. acne

Reach local circulation underneath skin

Release drugs from base & penetrate across different

layers of skin

Penetrate through skin

2) Localised systemic action

PHM4153 Dosage Design 2 2010/11 9

Interfacial boundaries

Penetration routes Treatments

Surface Insect repellentAnti-microbial

Stratum corneum

EmollientExfoliant

Appendages Anti-perspirant

Viable epidermis

Anti-inflammatoryAnaesthetic

Dermis Anti-pruritic

Circulation Transdermal system


10Drug dissolves, diffuse, release from vehicle

partition./diffusion

Transepidermal

Transappendageal

Pilosebaceous unit

Eccrine/apocrine

gland

Partition/ diffusion

Partition/ diffusion

Remove via circulation

Factors influencing efficacy


11

Diffusion through skin Partition coefficient, pH, solubility….at the

various layers of the skin Can be modified by surfactants

Factors influencing absorption Age, skin condition, drug/skin/vehicle

interactions, temperature……

e.g. Zinc cream BP (w/o)


12

ZnO suspended in a w/o emulsion of peanut oil.

The emulsifying agent is calcium oleate and wool fat.

e.g. W/O emulsifying agent


13

Wool fat

Wool alcohols

A fatty acid ester of sorbitan

The salt of a fatty acid

A divalent metal Ca++

QWhat is the HLB no. of above?

e.g. Aqueous cream BP


14

30% of emulsifying ointment with purified water preserved with chlorocresol.

Boil and cool sufficient purified water. Measure the quantity required and dissolve the chlorocresol with the aid of gentle heat.

Add solution to the melted emulsifying ointment. Stir gently until cold.

e.g. O/W emulsifying agents


15

Alkali salt of a fatty acid e.g. potassium oleate

PEG derivative of a sorbitan fatty acid ester

QWhat is the HLB no of the above?

Ingredients of FreeDermHC


16

API 1% hydrocortisone

Excipients deionized water, polawax cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, dimethicone, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, imidazolidinyl urea, benzylalkonium chloride, triethanolamine, citric acid.

Q What is the function of each ingredient above?

Conclusion


17

Disadvantages

Incomplete

easily brushed off

Dose not known

Dose accuracy not maintained

Microbial growth if WATER is contaminated

Shorter shelf life compared to solid dosage forms

Advantages

ConvenientEasy to administerLocalised Immediate effectPrompt drug

withdrawalEasy to manufacture

Exercise


18

Describe the function of the following creams and identify the active ingredients:

EllgyMecdemaSun SenseFucidinElomet

References


19

Gennaro, A. R. (2000). Remington: The Science and Practice of

Pharmacy 20th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and

Wilkins. p 836-857

Ansel, H. C., Allen, V. & Poovich, N. G. (1999). Pharmaceutical

dosage forms and drug delivery systems 7th Ed. Philadelphia:

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p 244-262

Weiner, M. L. & Kotkoskie, L. A. (2000). Excipient Toxicity and

Safety. New York: Marcel Dekker. Chapter 7 (Library: RS201)

Magdassi ,S. & Touitou, E. (1999) . Novel Cosmetic Delivery

Systems. New York: Marcel Dekker. Chap 9 (Librray: TP983.3)

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KAUSAR AHMAD KULLIYYAH OF PHARMACY, IIUM PHM4153 Dosage Design 2 2010/11 1 Creams An introduction it is not