Kate Lance and Glenn Hyman International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Central American Geographic Information Project GSDI5 - Cartagena, Colombia,

Kate Lance and Glenn HymanInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Central American Geographic Information ProjectGSDI5 - Cartagena, Colombia, May 2001

Adoption and implementation of national spatial data infrastructure in

Latin America and the Caribbean

Copyright © 2001

PROCIGSource: The Economist

30km

Source of graphic: Alden Rivera, SERNA-Honduras

Source of graphic: Alden Rivera, SERNA-Honduras

• Inconsistency in the production of geographic information• Poor data documentation• Duplication of effort• Major institutional egos!• Little or no value added to basic maps • Lack of information policies

$$$$$$$

Even though GIS use is steadily increasing in Latin America and the Caribbean -- for instance ESRI sales growth in Latin America from 1999 to 2000 was 19% -- the institutional problems associated with GIS have hardly improved.

International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y CensosMinisterio Agropecuario y Forestal Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales INETER

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y CensosMinisterio de Agricultura y GanaderíaMinisterio de Ambiente y EnergíaInstituto Geográfico NacionalCATIE Dirección de Estadística y Censos

Autoridad Nacional de AmbienteInstituto Geográfico NacionalSENACYT

Instituto Geográfico NacionalSEGEPLAN

CIAT

Dirección General de Estadística y CensosMinisterio de Agricultura y GanaderíaMinisterio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos NaturalesViceministerio de Vivienda y Desarrollo UrbanoInstituto Geográfico Nacional

Instituto Nacional de EstadísticaSecretaría de Agricultura y GanaderíaSecretaría de Recursos Naturales y AmbienteInstituto Geografica Nacional

PROCIGPROCIGCentral AmericanCentral American

Geographic Information ProjectGeographic Information Project

http://www.procig.org

25 participating institutions25 participating institutions


Diagnostic of problems in each country

both technical and institutional

Mechanisms and strategies for institutional change

NSDI committees (executive, organizational, standards)

fundamental data working groups

national seminars / workshops

metadata clearinghouse nodes

inter-institutional projects/studies using GIS

funding (‘educating the donors’)


2nd survey – developed by CIAT-IGAC – multiple choice focused on indicators/benchmarking

1st survey – developed by Harlan Onsrud (translated and distributed by IGAC/CIAT) – open questions focused on NSDI components

18 countries19 countries (+ USA and Canada)

Results available online at http://www.procig.org

or contact Kate [email protected]


A) Leadership

B) Authority

C) Antecedents/Prior Initiatives

D) Participation

E) Financial Resources

F) Diffusion Factors

G) Implementation of Components

H) Challenges

2nd survey – multiple choice focused on indicators/benchmarking

8 themes


Initiatives in Central America


COSTA RICACOSTA RICA1995: GIS Inventory - Telesig1998: SINADES – Proposal for a National Geographic Information Center

EL SALVADOREL SALVADOR1996: ASUSIG –Association of Geographic Information Users

GUATEMALAGUATEMALA1996: Coordinating Commission for the Information System for Geographic Modernization of the States1999: Inter-institutional Unit for Support to the Development of a National Geographic Information System (UNISIG)2000: SNIG – National Geographic Information System

HONDURASHONDURAS1989: SECPLAN – Design of a National Information System1990: Presidential Information Organization Unit1996: RENASIG

NICARAGUANICARAGUA1996: Geomatics Committee1998: Geomatics Committee

PANAMAPANAMA1985: Consultative Technical Committee for Geographic Information (CTC)

(Lance, 2001)

Information Management Initiatives in Honduras

Initiative Date of Initiation

Source of Funding

Orientation

SINIA AOT[SERNA]

August 1999 World Bank National Environmental Information System & Land Administration System

Center for Geographic Information- CIGEO [UNITEC]

May 2000 USAID Spatial data documentation and exchange

National Network for Permanent Capacity in Risk Management [COPECO]

June 2000 OFDA/USAID Natural Disaster Network for disaster information exchange

National Forest Information System [COHDEFOR]

in develop-ment

World Bank Information management for sustainable forestry

National Statistical Information System [INE]

January 2001 UNDP, ASDI Census and statistics for development and democracy

National Systems for Evaluation and Management [Ministry of the President]

August 1999 BID Monitoring of policies, programs, projects and activities related to Modernization of the State

In Honduras, several projects or programs promote better use of spatial data and NSDI concepts.

However, there is duplication and little coordination between projects.

Donors are Donors are part of the part of the problemproblem

International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG(Lance, 2001)

AustraliaAustralia

AustriaAustria

BelgiumBelgium

CanadaCanada

ChinaChina

Czech Rep.Czech Rep.

DenmarkDenmark

FinlandFinland

FranceFrance

GermanyGermany

HungaryHungary

Isl. Rep. of IranIsl. Rep. of Iran

ItalyItaly

JamaicaJamaica

JapanJapan

Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea

MalaysiaMalaysia

MoroccoMorocco

NetherlandsNetherlands

New ZealandNew Zealand

NorwayNorway

PortugalPortugal

Russian FederationRussian Federation

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

South AfricaSouth Africa

SpainSpain

SwedenSweden

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

TanzaniaTanzania

ThailandThailand

United KingdomUnited Kingdom

United States of United States of AmericaAmerica

YugoslaviaYugoslaviaInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

Members of ISOActive members (P-members), 33 countries

Bahrain (corr.)Bahrain (corr.)

Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam (corr.)(corr.)

ColombiaColombia

CubaCuba

Estonia (corr.)Estonia (corr.)

GreeceGreece

Hong Kong (corr.)Hong Kong (corr.)

IcelandIceland

IndiaIndia

MauritiusMauritius

OmanOman

PakistanPakistan

PolandPoland

SlovakiaSlovakia

SloveniaSlovenia

TurkeyTurkey

UkraineUkraine

UruguayUruguay

ZimbabweZimbabwe


Members of ISO Observing members (15 O-members), 4

corresponding members

More work is needed on clarifying the copyright law in each country so GIS users know the ‘playing field’

International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIGInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

Example response to questionnaireIf someone has a map and does the following GIS/image processing operations, is the resulting product a new product or is the resulting product an illegal copy of the source data? Mark the applicable box with an ‘X’ Type of GIS processing Is a new

product Is not a new

product Scanning X Digitizing X Interpolation X Resampling X Linking to other datasets X Improving the detail in the geographic entities

X

Updating attribute data X Generalization X Change of symbols X Transformation by map algebra X

Initiatives within the past 4 years [most within the past 2 years]

February 1997: Paraguay, Sistema Nacional De Información Georeferenciada (SNIG)

August 1998: Colombia, ICDE – formally recognized July 2000

June 1999: Guyana, Integrated Natural Resources Information System (GINRIS) - approved by the Cabinet in Nov. 2000

May 2000: Cuba, Infraestructura Cubana de Datos Espaciales (ICDE)

August 2000: Chile, Sistema Nacional de Información Territorial (with executive order)

October 2000: Dominican Republic, Centro Nacional de Geoinformatica

November 2000: El Salvador, Infraestructura Salvodoreno de Datos Espaciales (ISDE), Executive Committee formalized May 2001

January 2001: Honduras, Infraestructura Nacional de Datos Espaciales de Honduras (INDEH), Pro-INDEH formed Jan. 2001

Venezuela, Infraestructura Nacional de Datos Geospaciales (INDG)International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cartagena, May 2001 PROCIG

Do these NSDI initiatives have a national inter-institutional committee for the development of NSDI?

Yes 8 countries Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, GuatemalaGuyana, Honduras, Paraguay, Dominican Republic

No 10 countries Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba,Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama

If a national NSDI committee exists, is it official?

Yes 5 countries Colombia, Chile, El Salvador, Guyana, Dominican Republic


(Lance et. al., 2001)

NSDI is diffusing – initiatives throughout Latin America and the Caribbean

Stage 0 - Without development: does not have awareness with respect to NSDI

Stage 1 - Becoming aware of NSDI: has obtained information about NSDI and understands the need for NSDI, but has not initiated any institutional changes (Phase I)

Stage 2 - Has adopted the NSDI concept and has begun making changes

Stage 3 - Is well into the implementation of NSDI: a work plan has been written and is being implemented


1 Stage 0 Belize 3 Stage 1 Costa Rica, Haiti, Nicaragua 11 Stage 2 Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador

Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay 3 Stage 3 Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala

(Lance et. al., 2001)

Clearinghouse Nodes Around the World As of April 2001Argentina: 1Australia: 18Barbados: 2Brazil: 2Canada: 42Chile 1China: 1Colombia: 2Costa Rica: 3Dominica: 1Dominican Republic: 1El Salvador: 1Guatemala: 2Honduras: 2Italy: 2Japan: 1Jamaica: 1Kenya: 1Mexico: 2Nicaragua: 1Peru: 1South Africa: 2Trinidad & Tobago: 1United Kingdom: 5United States: 147Uruguay: 2Venezuela: 1

Graphics/data provided by USGS/EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls

Country Population Agriculture

Last Census

Next Census

Last Census

Next Census

Costa Rica 1984 2000 1984 2002

El Salvador 1992 2002 1971 2001

Guatemala 1994 2002 1979 2001

Honduras 1988 2001 1993 2003

Nicaragua 1995 2005 1971 2001

Panamá 1990 2000 1991 2001

The 2000 round of censuses of population and agriculture in Central America

Source: http://www.procig.org/Censos.htm

Geographic and Statistics Institutes mutually benefit from a strategic relationship and strong collaboration. Through GIS technology, the relationship between the geographic and statistics institutes is becoming stronger in the region.


10) Too much project orientation and too little focus on building institutional capacity and producing/updating base data. Need to set ‘rules’ on how internationally funded projects are budgeted and implemented (portion of budget should support NSDI components) .

9) Need concrete products and concise presentation of problems and benefits in order to ‘market’ NSDI to ministers and other high-ranking government officials.

8) Need to ‘calculate’ the $$ wasted by not having infrastructure – track the money, and you often have the most compelling argument for stressing the importance of NSDI.

7) Need to link NSDI development efforts with Modernization of the State and internet connectivity programs (through National Science and Technology Agencies / national information policy)

Top Ten List


6) Need to work on communication between national government agencies and municipal government agencies.

4) Need to make sure ‘mandates’ or roles between institutions are clear and do not conflict.

5) Need to consider how information flows from rural areas to the national government. Most of the emphasis on internet connectivity has been on getting information ‘out’ – more thought on how to get information ‘in’ (from farmers, from people living in flood zones, from rural health clinics, etc.).

1) Need to have dedicated staff to work on NSDI development.

2) National Mapping Agencies need to step up to the plate!

3) Need to make information on data standards and procedures accessible and easier with which to work.


Source: The Economist PROCIG

Documents

Kate Lance and Glenn Hyman International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Central American Geographic Information Project GSDI5 - Cartagena, Colombia,