Kate Jackson Senior Vice President, Research & Technology & Chief Technology Officer

© 2011 Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.Westinghouse Non-Proprietary Class 3

Kate Jackson

Senior Vice President, Research & Technology & Chief Technology Officer

Westinghouse Electric Company

Catalyzing the Nuclear and Chemical Industries Through the Pursuit of Clean, Sustainable Energy


Why Nuclear Energy?• Meets policy goals to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions• Highest reliability• Low cost electricity• Stable uranium fuel sources=less

fluctuation in price• Creates thousands of jobs, $430

million per year at each site• History of safe and reliable

operation


Energy Production and Consumption in U.S. – the Potential Market

33

1Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum —biofuels are included in “Renewable Energy."2Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.3Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net exports.4Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/PV, wind, an d biomass.5Includes industrial combined -heat -and -power (CHP) and industrial electricity -only plants.6Includes commercial combined -heat -and -power (CHP) and commercial electricity -only plants.7Electricity -only and combined -heat -and -power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity , or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent r ounding.Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009, Tables 1.3, 2.1b -2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.

U.S. Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009(Quad -- Quadrillion (1x10 15) Btu)

Transportation1845 Mt

Industrial1434 Mt

Residential1194 Mt

Commerical1034 Mt

U.S. Greenhouse GasEmissions by Sector, 2009

(Million metric tons, CO2 equivalentAEO 2010, May 2010)

5507 Mt Total





Industrial1434 Mt

Residential1194 Mt

Commerical1034 Mt



5507 Mt Total





Industrial1434 Mt

Residential1194 Mt

Commerical1034 Mt



5507 Mt Total


Cents per Kwh

U.S. Electricity Production Costs 1995-2009, In 2009 cents per kilowatt-hour

Source: Ventyx Velocity SuiteUpdated: 5/10


U.S. Electricity Sources Which Do Not Emit Greenhouse Gases

Nuclear73.6%

Wind2.9%

Geothermal1.4%

Solar0.1%

Hydro22.0%

Source: Global Energy Decisions / Energy Information AdministrationUpdated: 4/08


Capacity Factors by Generation TypeFuel Type Average Capacity Factors (%)

Nuclear 90

Coal (Steam Turbine) 71

Gas (Combined Cycle) 40

Gas (Steam Turbine) 17

Oil (Steam Turbine) 15

Hydro 32

Wind 30

Solar 19


Broadening the Application for Nuclear

• District heating• Remote installations / small grid markets• Desalination• Process heat


Characteristics of Process Heat Markets

Co-generation• Market is highly varied; comprised of multiple plants with varying ratings

supplying energy to different industries– Petrochemical, aluminum & plastics plants, paper mills, crude oil and bio-

refineries, ammonia & fertilizer plants

Oil sands and oil shale• Bitumen recovery: Supply of steam to multiple oil sands well pads and oil

shale wells• Bitumen upgrading: Supply of process heat and hydrogen to support

upgrading to Synthetic Crude Oil

• Oil Sands:– Electricity supply; centralized highly efficient electricity supply & distribution– Water treatment; critical issue, modest heat and electricity supply required

Source: INL: “High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics”, Aug 2011


Process Heat Market (Estimated)• Co-generation – 75 GWt

– Petrochemical, refinery, fertilizer / ammonia plants and others• Oil sands / oil shale – 60 GWt

– Steam, electricity, hydrogen & water treatment– Bitumen recovery & upgrading

• Hydrogen merchant market – 36 GWt• Synthetic fuels (coal conversion) & feedstock – 249 GWt

– Steam, electricity, high temperature fluids, hydrogen– Transportation fuels & feedstock

• IPP supply of electricity – 110 GWt– 10% of the nuclear electrical supply increase required to achieve pending

Government objectives for emissions reductions by 2050

Source: INL: “High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics”, Aug 2011


Process Heat Applications• Chemical Plants

– 1,500 psi (10 MPa) max steam pressure to drive equipment– Many applications need 600 psi (~4 MPa) or less– ~1,500 MWth total per plant

– Many sites

• Oil Sands– 1,750 psi (12 MPa)– Requires steam compressor development

• Lack of off-the-shelf compressor technology• Development challenge is unknown

– Harsh site conditions

Vision: de-carbonize industrial sector traditionally relying on fossil fuels


Computer-Aided Process Optimization Software (Processes) in the Nuclear Industry

• Nuclear power plant optimization– Efficiency improvement

• Current operation at steady state• Reduction of station service requirements• Improved diagnostics and prognostics

• Load following capabilities expected for SMR– Potential opportunity to explore and incorporate process

optimization software in areas such as control of power output

• Fuel Manufacturing process optimization


What About “Nuclear Waste?” • Used nuclear fuel is currently stored safely,

exists in manageable volumes and can be potentially re-used in the future

• All of the used nuclear fuel that has been produced in the past 50 years will fit on a football field, stacked 10 meters high

• If your personal lifetime consumption of electricity came solely from nuclear energy, the “waste” would easily fit inside a Coke can (about 8 oz).

• If all your electricity came solely from coal, you'd generate almost 70 tons of waste


And then there was Fukushima ● The Fukushima nuclear plants experienced

a series of unprecedented natural disasters that exceeded the design basis:

Earthquake ground force acceleration of 0.51g vs. design of 0.45g

Tsunami wave 14 meters high vs. design of tsunami wall at 5.7 meters

● The station blackout that occurred and the damage that resulted have already provided insight into what can be done to further improve safety at existing plants and those planned for the future Damaged Unit 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi

nuclear power plant in Okumamachi, Fukushima Prefecture


The Future of Nuclear Post-Fukushima

• 30 years of safe and reliable operation• Utilities and governments remain

committed to nuclear• New reactor development will continue• Nuclear energy is essential to meet

environmental goals• New awareness and appreciation for

advanced safety systems • The Westinghouse AP1000® is designed

with advanced safety systems in case of a “beyond design basis” event


What Makes the AP1000 ® Different? • The AP1000 nuclear power plant can place the reactor in a Safe

Shutdown Condition within the first 72 hours of a Station Blackout, without the use of AC power or operator action

• With some operator action after 3 days, the AP1000 nuclear power plant continues to maintain reactor core cooling and Spent Fuel Pool cooling indefinitely

• The AP1000 nuclear power plant has superior coping capabilities as well as significantly reduced risk for core damage


Simpler Design Requires Less Equipment

50% FewerValves

35% FewerPumps

80% LessPipe

45% LessSeismic Building

Volume

85% LessCable


AP1000 ® Project Status Six AP1000 units under contract - the first nuclear plant contracts in the U.S. in 30 years. Eight additional AP1000 units are planned.

Vogtle Unit 3 VC Summer


Westinghouse AP1000 ®

On Schedule for 2013 in China


Moving Forward with Small Modular Reactors

● Lessons learned from Fukushima incorporated into new and existing plants will further increase safety

● The event has raised awareness and appreciation for passive safety systems like those used in the AP1000® design as well as the Small Modular Reactor


What It Is…● An integral PWR● Innovative packaging of proven

components● The highest levels of safety with

fewer accident scenarios● Industry-proven equipment

designs● Compact reactor coolant system

and containment● An engineered solution for today’s

clean energy challenges

Pressurizer

Steam Generator

Reactor Coolant Pumps

Internal Control Rod Drives

…Simplicity in Design

CoreMakeup Tank

Reactor Core

ContainmentVessel


How Small is Small?

25 Westinghouse SMR Containment Vessels fit in a

single AP1000® Containment Vessel


Convergence of Industries

• Nuclear has appropriate characteristics for “decarbonizing” the Chemical Industry

• As Nuclear plants are called on to cycle, new optimization issues will emerge

• Fuel production and waste management offer opportunities for collaboration

Documents

Kate Jackson Senior Vice President, Research & Technology & Chief Technology Officer