KAP Survey 2015

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Schools

19 December 2016 – Ramallah

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• Baseline KAP survey in 2011

• 2015 statistically representative survey carried out in381, of the originally 411 sampled schools of 2011.

• The survey included basic and secondary schools inall educational directorates in the West Bank andGaza.

KAP survey 2015

number of schools, teachers and students interviewed, according to school location

interview results

West Bank Gaza

total urban rural

camp (government

run schools) urban rural camp (government

run schools)

Schools interviewed 155 113 2 102 4 5 381

Teachers interviewed 310 226 4 204 8 10 762

Students interviewed 1,550 1,130 20 1,020 40 50 3,810

Sample was stratified by school gender

Three questionnaires used:

1. School questionnaire (observation and principals interviewed): status of WASHinfrastructure and availability and adequacy of WASH facilities in schools.

2. Teachers’ questionnaire: hygiene related activities at the school, teachers’ involvementand teachers’ needs to deliver such education.

3. Students’ questionnaire: assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of studentsrelated to WASH.

2015 KAP survey also included three focus groups with girls on menstrual hygienemanagement which was not addressed in the 2011 baseline survey.

KAP survey 2015

number of schools, teachers and students interviewed, according to school type

interview results

West Bank Gaza

Boys girls co-educ. Boys girls co-educ.

Schools interviewed 103 105 62 51 39 21

Teachers interviewed 206 210 124 102 78 42

Students interviewed 1,030 1,050 620 510 390 210

Key findings

Overall, encouraging progress between 2011 and 2015.

More students now have access to safe drinking water, sanitationfacilities separated for girls and boys and education for good hygiene.

However, the report underlines that more needs to be done:

A number of toilets, handwashing facilities and drinking waterpoints are still inadequate, despite an increasing number of facilitiesin schools.

Lack soap, toilet paper, sanitary pads and door locks remain achallenge, at a time when Palestinian students are increasinglyprovided with high levels of information on hygiene.

Gaza lagging behind, and –in some cases- worsening.

School environment

School environment

Cleaning staff

Water

Water WB vs. Gaza

Water

Water availability

About 14% of the schools reported not having water available from the main source in the past two weeks, more so in Gaza schools (21.6%) compared to the West Bank (10.5%).

WATER QUALITY&

WATER STORAGE Water quality : Samples are collected mostly by the MoH in the West Bank (79%), while in Gaza both the MOH (52%) and MoEHE (50%) collect samples for testing. However, lack of clarity reported on roles, responsibilities and accountability.

Water storage: About 92% of schools in the West Bank reported having tanks at the schools that can store water for at least one week. However, only 25% of Gaza schools reported having such tanks.

Toilets

Toilets in schools

Toilet paper

Hygiene practice

Handwashing

Soap

Hygiene Education

Hygiene Education - source

Hygiene Education - Resources

Hygiene Education - Knowledge

Percentage of students identifying common causes of diarrhoea

Toilet use

Overall refusal to use school toilets dropped from 43% in 2011 to 35.5% in 2015.

Menstrual Hygiene

Majority of surveyed girls reported using toilets at the school

Challenges faced by girls during menstruation at school include the lack of sanitary

pads, lack of privacy in toilets and dealing with the stress related to pain or blood

stains on their garments.

Most girls identified ways to deal with these challenges and preferred seeking help

from the female school counselor or health committee coordinator.

Girls recommended continuous maintenance and supervision over the cleanliness

of school toilets and having the necessary supplies needed for general hygiene and

specifically for menstrual hygiene management.

Teachers’ capacity

Teachers’ capacity: WB vs. Gaza

Teachers’ ownership

Recommendations

WASH infrastructure and supplies

Support the MoEHE in improving the quality of WASH facilities in schools

especially for adolescent girls, to contribute in decreasing the drop out from schools.

Increase the water storage capacity, especially for schools in Gaza (where an estimated 85% lack sufficient storage capacity).

Availability of soap, toilet paper (and sanitary pads) at all times.

Improve water quality management, and availability of safe drinking water.

Recommendations

Hygiene Education

Continue to strengthen hygiene education, including with daily group handwashing sessions

Enhance menstrual hygiene management by providing schools with the necessary resources including education for teachers and female counsellors.

Support the MoEHE in strengthening the Parent-Teacher Associations, the School Health Committees and the School Environmental clubs for an increased ownership of quality WASH facilities and services, and to address the issue of vandalism of WASH assets in schools.

Recommendations

Estimated funding needs

• The need for cleaning materials to be supplied by the MoEHEduring the school year is estimated at around 1.5 million USD/yfor 510 of the most deprived schools.

• The need for safe drinking water especially for the approximately 200 schools relying on tankered is estimated at 520,000 USD per year.

• The needs of the MoEHE for technical rehabilitation and construction of WASH facilities is estimated at around 21 million USD in 680 of the most deprived schools.

Committing a dedicated budget line for the Operation and maintenance.

Recommendations

Introducing UNICEF’s “Three Star” approach, setting quality standards for WASH facilities and services in schools through a performance-based framework.

Thank You

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