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@FMXW GZOXOVUE KL

FEWXBEXOG DUHIEAEMX

F Zefhers Iuohe

LOKMF BUIBEW

LBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs omhh oooLBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs.omhh ooo ?/:/:>>? : ^A?/:/:>>? : ^A

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Gkmtomuua Omtermftokmfc ^ujcosbomi Irkup

Xbe Xkwer Juochomi 2> Afohem Cfme

66 _kr` Zkfh Wuote 9>8

Ckmhkm WE6 9MR Mew _kr` M_ 6>>72

www.gkmtomuuajkk`s.gka

Lokmf Buibes :>6>

Fcc roibts reserveh. Mk pfrt kl tbos pujcogftokm afy je reprkhugeh

kr trfmsaotteh om fmy lkra kr jy fmy aefms, ecegtrkmog kr

aegbfmogfc, omgcuhomi pbktkgkpyomi, regkrhomi, kr fmy

omlkraftokm stkrfie kr retroevfc systea, wotbkut prokr

peraossokm om wrotomi lrka tbe pujcosbers.

Jrotosb Cojrfry Gftfckiuomi-om-^ujcogftokm Hftf

F gftfckiue regkrh lkr tbos jkk` os fvfocfjce lrka tbe Jrotosb Cojrfry.

OWJM4 BJ4 ?92->-2:? : ^A?/:/:>>? : ^A

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Om lkmh aeakry kl Aogbfec ^khrk P6?76:>>2Q, frt tbekrost

fmh pfssokmfte pbockskpber, om gkmversftokms wotb wbka

relcegtove duhieaemt jegfae f leecomi kl cole.

LBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs omhh vLBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs.omhh v ?/:/:>>? : ^A?/:/:>>? : ^A

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voo

GKMXEMXW

Fg`mkwcehieaemts vooo

6. Gkmtext 6

:. Kvervoew kl Xbeaes ?

7. Zefhomi tbe Xext 62

8. Zegeptokm fmh Omlcuemge 68?5. Mktes lkr Lurtber Zefhomi 698

Mktes 627

Omhex 625

LBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs omhh vooLBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs.omhh voo ?/:/:>>? 7 ^A?/:/:>>? 7 ^A

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vooo

FG@MKYCEHIEAEMXW

Xbos jkk` os f prkhugt kl afmy yefrs wkr` km tbe Grotoque klFestbetog Duhieaemt. Om pfrtogucfr, O cefrmeh sk augb kver afmy

kl tbkse yefrs lrka dkomtcy tefgbomi tbe text ft tbe Umoversoty

kl Essex fckmi wotb Aogbfec ^khrk, wbkse very akhus kperfmho

wfs fm exbojotokm kl relcegtove duhieaemt. Kur fuhoemge wfs

f aoxeh irkup kl ^bockskpby fmh Frt Bostkry A.F. stuhemts,

wbkse questokms fmh suiiestokms becpeh us irfhufccy gcfroly

bkw relcegtove duhieaemt kperftes. Om akre regemt yefrs O bfve

tfuibt tbe text tk upper-cevec umherirfhufte stuhemts ft Essex

fmh hosgusseh f rfmie kl recfteh ossues wotb A.F. fmh Zesefrgb

stuhemts. O fa irfteluc tk fcc kl tbese stuhemts, wbkse perse-

verfmge fmh woccomimess tk express puzzceaemt bfve becpeh ae

af`e skae prkiress om heteraomomi tbe omheteraomfte. O fa

pfrtogucfrcy irfteluc tk Aogbfec ^khrk lkr bos suppkrt fs fm

omterckgutkr, gkccefiue fmh lroemh.

Xbe prepfrftokm kl tbe lomfc gkpy kl tbos jkk` ceh tk f lruotluc

fmh emdkyfjce gkkperftokm wotb f muajer kl refhers. ^romgopfc

fakmi tbese were Dfaes Gkrjy, Afrof ^rkhrkaku fmh EcomWoakmskm, efgb kl wbka refh tbe text om ots emtorety fmh ifve

ae extemsove gkaaemts, vfcufjce suiiestokms fmh gkrregtokms.

Xbe fguoty kl tbeor suiiestokms, emtbusofsa lkr tbe prkdegt fmh

iemerksoty om toae fmh fttemtokm wfs reafr`fjce. O fa fcsk very

irfteluc tk Hfmf AfgLfrcfme fmh tk Dkbm Yfcsbe lkr becpluc

suiiestokms km fspegts kl tbe jkk`. Lomfccy, O wkuch co`e tk

tbfm` tbe tefa ft Gkmtomuua, espegofccy Wfrfb Gfapjecc, Xka

Grog` fmh ^. Aurfcohbfrfm (om krher kl ay fgqufomtfmge wotbtbea) lkr tbeor ellogoemt fmh becpluc bfmhcomi kl tbos prkdegt.

Hespote fcc kl tbos, fmy aostf`es fre, wotbkut hkujt, ay kwm.

LBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs omhh voooLBuibes[^recoas[Lomfcs.omhh vooo ?/:/:>>? 7 ^A?/:/:>>? 7 ^A

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6

GBF^XEZ 6

GKMXERX

6 @FMXW ZKCE FW F CFXE EOIBXEEMXB GEMXUZ_

ZE^ZEWEMXFXO\E KL XBE EMCOIBXEMAEMX

@fmt gfae ft tbe emh kl tbe perokh mkw relerreh tk fs Xbe

Emcoibtemaemt. Co`e bos lkrerummers, be skuibt tk estfjcosb f

rftokmfc jfsos lkr buafm experoemge. Bos pfrtogucfr gkmtroju-

tokm wfs tk lkumh f styce kl pbockskpbozomi `mkwm fs grotogfc

pbockskpby kr grotoque. @fmt, co`e ktber emcoibtemaemt tbom`-

ers, sfw tbft wboce refskm wfs f gkumterweoibt tk tbe lkrges

kl hkiaftosa fmh aystogosa, refskm gkuch otsecl jegkae

hkiaftog ol ot wfs tf`em fs fm fjskcute lkumhftokm. Grotogfc

pbockskpby see`s tk estfjcosb tbe oapkrtfmge kl refskm, wboce

coaotomi ots exgesses tbrkuib fmgbkromi ot om experoemge.

@fmts hostomgtove wfy kl fgboevomi tbos ikfc sbfreh jy ktber

Emcoibtemaemt pbockskpbers wfs tk trfge experoemge jfg` tk

irkumhs tbft af`e ot pkssojce, fprokro gkmhotokms kr tbe prom-

gopces tbft ikverm mkwcehie fmh akrfcoty. Wugb promgopces fre

megessfry ol tbere os tk je fmy experoemge wbftskever, jut tbey

fre om mk wfy sullogoemt gkmhotokms kl experoemge. ^romgopcesaust je fppcoeh wotbom experoemge, dust fs tbe cftter os fcwfys

kpem tk rftokmfc grotoque. Xbus @fmt expresseh bos gkaaot-

aemt tk experoemge ft tbe sfae toae fs omsostomi tbft ot gfm

je fmfcyseh lrka f rftokmfc perspegtove. O wocc je eapbfsozomi

tbft, lkr @fmt, ol tbe promgopces ikvermomi kur prkdegt kl `mkw-

omi tbomis om tbe wkrch fmh kur akrfc fgtokms, respegtovecy, fre

tk je estfjcosbeh, efgb aust je trfgeh jfg` tk f hostomgtove

gkimotove lfgucty. Umherstfmhomi os tbe akst oapkrtfmt aemtfcgfpfgoty we pkssess wbem we foa tk fgboeve `mkwcehie, wboce

refskm os pfrfakumt om akrfc aftters. Xbe ohemtologftokm kl

promgopces lkr kur gkimotove fmh akrfc prkdegts wocc requore

estfjcosbomi tbe sujdegtove irkumhs kl tbeor pkssojocoty, fckmi-

sohe fm fmfcysos kl tbe promgopces tbft frose lrka tbkse irkumhs

fmh af`e experoemge pkssojce. Xbos os tbe hufc lkgus kl @fmts

LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs omhh 6LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs.omhh 6 ?/:/:>>? > ^A?/:/:>>? > ^A

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@FMXW GZOXOVUE KL FEWXBEXOG DUHIEAEMX

:

grotogfc respkmse tk tbe Emcoibtemaemt prkjcea kl estfjcosbomif rftokmfc jfsos lkr experoemge.

: @FMXW KXBEZ GZOXOGFC YKZ@W FMH

XBE WXZUGXUZE KL XBE GZOXOVUE KL

FEWXBEXOG DUHIEAEMX

Xbe Grotoque kl ^ure Zefskm wfs omotofccy pujcosbeh om 6926.

Xbos l orst grotogfc wkr` foaeh tk estfjcosb tbe rftokmfc irkumhs

kl kur everyhfy gcfoas tk bfve `mkwcehie fjkut kjdegts om tbewkrch. @fmt friueh tbft tbe vfcohoty kl gcfoas tk `mkwcehie

aust je trfgeh jfg` tk tbe lfgucty kl umherstfmhomi, tbe jfsos

lkr f systea kl promgopces wbogb estfjcosb tbe lkra kl expero-

emge om iemerfc. Fmytbomi tbft we aoibt `mkw fmh tbft gkumts,

om bos tegbmogfc use kl tbe tera, fs experoemge aust lucloc tbe

lkcckwomi groterof4 ot aust bfve skae qufmtoty, tbft os, aust bfve

skae extemsokm om spfge fmh toae0 ot aust af`e skae qufcotf-

tove ellegt kr oapressokm km kur semses0 ot aust stfmh om skae

recftokm tk ktber tbomis0 fmh ot aust je gfpfjce kl jeomi expe-

roemgeh fs pkssojce, megessfry kr fgtufc. Xbese fre tbe lkrafc

groterof kl tbe experoemge kl fmy kjdegt wbftskever fmh prkvohe

tbe megessfry, tbkuib mkt tbe sullogoemt irkumhs kl kur expero-

emge kl fm kjdegt, lkr tbere aust fcsk je skaetbomi iovem tk us

tbrkuib tbe semses. Om tbe segkmh pfrt kl tbe lorst Grotoque @fmt

gkmsohers wbft froses ol we try tk irkumh kur gcfoas tk `mkw

kjdegts tbrkuib f holleremt lfgucty, mfaecy, refskm. Om tbe tbe-

kretogfc gkmtext, refskm os spegucftove fmh foas tk tbom` kl tbe

omlomote fs f tktfcoty. _et tbe semskry wkrch kl kjdegts gkaproses

kme tbomi flter fmktber fmh gkapcetokm os mkt, om promgopce,

fttfomfjce. Usomi refskm tk expcfom semskry kjdegts cefhs tk

occusokm fmh uctoaftecy helefts kur ftteapt tk `mkw tbea.

Bkwever, refskm af`es f pksotove gkmtrojutokm tk experoemge

wbem ot os useh beurostogfccy kr reiucftovecy, omtrkhugomi f ikfc

kl gkapcetokm fs fm ohefc kmcy. Usomi refskm fs f suppceaemt

tk umherstfmhomi, we foa tk af`e `mkwcehie fs systeaftog fspkssojce fmh tbos emgkurfies us tk expfmh kur gkaprebemsokm

kl tbe wkrch.

Xbe segkmh grotogfc text os Xbe Grotoque kl ^rfgtogfc Zefskm,

wbogb wfs pujcosbeh om 6922, kme yefr flter tbe segkmh eho-

tokm kl tbe lorst Grotoque. Bere @fmt turms bos fttemtokm tk kur

gfpfgoty lkr akrfc fgtokm, wbogb os irkumheh om tbe lfgucty kl

LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs omhh :LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs.omhh : ?/:/:>>? > ^A?/:/:>>? > ^A

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GKMXERX

7

refskm mkw om ots prfgtogfc, mkt ots spegucftove iuose. ^rfgtogfcrefskm os tbe lkumhftokm lkr fiemgy fmh, uctoaftecy, lkr akrfc

fiemgy omsklfr fs ot prkvohes f promgopce lkr tbe fssessaemt kl

wbetber kr mkt wbft we foa tk hk os akrfc. Xbe Gfteikrogfc

Oaperftove os tbe promgopce kl akrfcoty fmh os presemteh om f

muajer kl holleremt lkras. ^erbfps tbe akst wecc-`mkwm ver-

sokm os expresseh tbus4 ol f afxoa lkr fgtokm os akrfc, ot aust

je pkssojce tk umoversfcoze ot lkr fcc ktber duhiomi sujdegts om fcc

soaocfr gfses. Fmktber lkraucftokm kl tbe sfae ohef os tbft we

aust respegt buafmoty om fcc buafm jeomis, jktb om ktbers fmh

om kursecves.

F prkjcea froses om tbft tbe lorst fmh segkmh Grotoquesseea

tk presemt gkmlcogtomi oafies kl buafm exostemge, tbe lorst

omsostomi km kur aegbfmogfc heteraomftokm om fggkrhfmge wotb

tbe cfws kl mfture, wboce tbe segkmh pkomts tk f refca kl lree-

hka om promgopce omgkapftojce wotb mfture. Bkw os kme fmh tbe

sfae buafm fiemt gfpfjce kl gkajomomi jktb tbese strugtures

kl experoemge;

@fmt gfae tk tbe gkmgcusokm tbft be meeheh tk fhh fmktber

hoaemsokm wbogb wkuch af`e bos pbockskpbogfc grotoques kl

gkimotokm fmh akrfcoty gkmsostemt wotb kme fmktber tbrkuib

pksotokmomi tbea wotbom f pbockskpbogfc systea. Xbe tborh

Grotoque os mkt kmcy fm fhhotokmfc gkapkmemt kl grotogfc pboc-

kskpby, jut tbe eceaemt tbft af`es f systea kut kl twk jkk`s

wbogb wkuch ktberwose bfve, ft jest, sbkwm twk gkmtomiemtcy

recfteh sohes kl kur buafm exostemge fmh, ft wkrst, wkuchrevefc tbe cftter fs lrfiaemteh fmh omgkberemt. Xbe tfs` kl tbe

Grotoque kl Duhieaemt(69?>) os tk jrohie tbe ifp jetweem tbe

promgopces kl gkimotokm fmh tbe promgopce kl akrfcoty, sbkw-

omi tbft akrfc fiemts gfm omterveme om tbe eaporogfc wkrch kl

kjdegts. Xbe spegolog l oech om wbogb tbe reskcutokm kl tbe fppfr-

emt gkmlcogt jetweem gkimotokm fmh akrfcoty wocc je fhhresseh

os, perbfps surprosomicy, kur fppregoftokm lkr jefuty. Xbos os

tbe sujdegt kl tbe lorst jkk` kl tbe tborh Grotoque, tbe Grotoquekl Festbetog Duhieaemt wbere @fmt ohemtoloes f tborh promgo-

pfc lfgucty, duhieaemt, fs af`omi pkssojce f com` jetweem tbe

purpksecess wkrch kl aegbfmogfc gfusfcoty fmh tbe purpkseluc

wkrch kl akrfc fiemgy.

Duhieaemt fcckws us tk voew tbe aegbfmogfc wkrch om ots

eaporogfc hetfoc fs ol ot were gkmhugove tk kur akrfc fiemgy,

LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs omhh 7LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs.omhh 7 ?/:/:>>? 6 ^A?/:/:>>? 6 ^A

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@FMXW GZOXOVUE KL FEWXBEXOG DUHIEAEMX

8

evem tbkuib tbos aust reafom f beurostog omterpretftokm, mkt fheteraomftokm kl tbe mfturfc wkrch. Ybem duhieaemt kperftes

om tbos wfy, ot os omhepemhemt lrka tbe ktber promgopfc lfguctoes

fmh gkumts fs relcegtove duhieaemt. Ybem ot os exergoseh umher

tbe horegtokm kl umherstfmhomi kr refskm, duhieaemt qufcoloes

fs heteraomomi. Xbe promgopce tbft iuohes relcegtove duhieaemt

os tbft mfture os purpksove lkr kur duhieaemt, tbft os, tbft we

fre gfpfjce kl af`omi semse kl mfture tbrkuib tbe exergose kl

kur duhieaemt. Zefskm, fs we bfve seem, cefhs tk occusokm wbem

ot see`s tk expcfom experoemge fs f tktfcoty. Umherstfmhomi,

aefmwboce, fgboeves kmcy f lkrafc lrfaewkr` wotbom wbogb

`mkwcehie os pkssojce, jut wbogb os uctoaftecy mkt gkberemt

wotb akrfc fiemgy. Xbe purpksovemess kl mfture lkr duhie-

aemt kpems up f mew pkssojocoty, mfaecy, tbft mfture, wboce mkt

tbe resuct kl kur kwm kr fmy ktber rftokmfc purpkse os, mevertbe-

cess, gkapftojce wotb kur omtervemtokm om tbe aegbfmogfc krher

kl mfture fs akrfc fiemts exergosomi rftokmfc purpkses. Ye gfm

foa tk refcoze kur purpkses wotbom tbe mfturfc wkrch jegfuse

tbft wkrch os ft cefst gkmstrufjce fs gkmhugove tk, kr purpksove

lkr, kur gfpfgoty lkr duhiomi.

Jut evem ol tbe purpksovemess kl mfture lkr kur duhieaemt os f

pcfusojce kr gkberemt ohef, wbft gkuch ot pkssojcy bfve tk hk wotb

festbetog duhieaemt; Afmy refhers kl tbe tborh Grotoque bfve

gkae tk tbe gkmgcusokm tbft tbere gfm je mk gkmmegtokm ktber

tbfm, ft jest, fm fsskgoftove kme jetweem sugb holleremt ossues fs

tbe krher kl mfture om ots eaporogfc hetfoc fmh kur leecomi kl pcefs-ure om tbe lfge kl jefuty. Om Zefhomi tbe Xext O wocc sbkw bkw

we gfm af`e semse kl @fmts gcfoa ft tbe emh kl bos lorst hrflt kl

tbe Omtrkhugtokm wbere be sfys tbft tbe Fmfcytog om tbos gfse

aefmomi tbe Fmfcytog kl Festbetog Duhieaemt kr tbe afom jkhy

kl tbe Grotoque prokr tk tbe Hofcegtog, mkt dust tbe Fmfcytog kl tbe

Jefutoluc os tbe wkr`omi tbrkuib kl tbe ohef kl tbe purpksove-

mess kl mfture. Om sbkrt, O wocc friue tbft f jefutoluc kjdegt fmh

om @fmts voew, espegofccy mfturfc jefuty, prkvohes fm omstfmgewbere fm kjdegt os gkmiemofc tk kur aemtfc respkmse, lorst, km tbe

pfrt kl kur gkimotove pkwer jut fcsk kl refskm, tbe jfsos kl akrfc

fiemgy. Ol tbos os sk, tbem fctbkuib tbe jefutoluc kjdegt gfmmkt

prkve tbft akrfc fiemgy os pkssojce om tbe mfturfc wkrch, ot gfm

omtoafte tbft sugb f jrohiomi kl tbe ifp jetweem gkimotokm fmh

akrfcoty afy je pkssojce.

LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs omhh 8LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs.omhh 8 ?/:/:>>? 6 ^A?/:/:>>? 6 ^A

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GKMXERX

5

Wkae bfve tbkuibt tbft tbe segkmh pfrt kl tbe tborhGrotoque,Xbe Grotoque kl Xecekckiogfc Zefskmos tbe pcfge wbere f trfmso-

tokm jetweem gkimotokm fmh akrfcoty os lomfccy fgboeveh. Xbos os

umherstfmhfjce fs fm omterpretftove strfteiy, jegfuse om duhi-

omi tecekckiogfccy we treft kjdegts fs ol tbey were tbe resuct kl, kr

ft cefst gkmhugove tk, buafm purpkses, espegofccy kl tbe akrfc

`omh, wboce ft tbe sfae toae see`omi tk expfmh kur `mkwcehie

kl tbea. Xbos os surecy f pkomt wbem gkimotokm fmh akrfc pur-

pkse gkmverie. Bkwever, O wocc suiiest tbft wboce tecekckiogfc

duhieaemt gertfomcy gkmtrojutes tk tbe systeaftog tfs` kl tbe

tborh Grotoque, tbe heepest rkkt kl duhieaemts aehoftomi rkce

jetweem umherstfmhomi fmh refskm os tk je lkumh kmcy om tbe

fggkumt kl festbetog duhieaemt, lkr ot os tbere tbft duhieaemt os

exergoseh fs tbe pkwer kl duhieaemt om omhepemhemge lrka tbe

ktber lfguctoes. Xbos Zefhers Iuohe wocc lkgus exgcusovecy km

tbe festbetog pfrt kl tbe tborhGrotoque, jegfuse jktb jkk`s fre

sullogoemtcy gkapcex tk heserve sepfrfte treftaemts. Jut tbere

os fm evem akre oapkrtfmt refskm wby tbe festbetog pfrt bfs tk

je omvestoifteh lorst4 kmcy fm fmfcysos kl festbetog duhieaemt

gfm umgkver tbe pkwer kl duhieaemt km wbogb tecekckiogfc pur-

pksovemess os lkumheh.

7 XBE EAEZIEMGE KL ^BOCKWK^BOGFC

FEWXBEXOGW OM F W_WXEAFXOG LKZA OM

XBE CFXE EOIBXEEMXB GEMXUZ_

Xbere os pcemty kl evohemge, skae kl ot frgbfekckiogfc, lkr tbe

voew tbft fppregoftokm lkr jktb mfturfc fmh grefteh jefuty

ikes jfg` fcakst fs lfr fs tbe jeiommomi kl buafm bostkry.

Ybem westerm pbockskpby jegfae estfjcosbeh om tbe lkurtb

gemtury JG jefuty wfs f tkpog lrka tbe kutset. Fhaottehcy,

tbe evfcuftokm kl frtwkr`s om ^cftks Zepujcogos, ft jest, sgep-

togfc, jut Frostktce bfh f augb akre pksotove voew kl tbeor

soimologfmge fmh wrkte tbe lorst afdkr westerm treftose km fes-

tbetogs, Xbe ^ketogs.Lrka tbem km, bkwever, festbetogs bkverehft tbe afrioms kl tbe afom pbockskpbogfc tkpogs kl tbe westerm

trfhotokm, wbogb wfs, lrka tbe kutset, promgopfccy gkmgermeh

wotb `mkwcehie fmh akrfcoty. Xbos os mkt tk hemy tbft tbere fre

omstfmges jktb oapkrtfmt fmh omterestomi kmes kl pbockskpb-

ogfc omterest om festbetogs, jut tbere os mk gkmtomukus bostkry

kl pbockskpbogfc festbetogs umtoc tbe cfte eoibteemtb gemtury.

LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs omhh 5LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs.omhh 5 ?/:/:>>? 6 ^A?/:/:>>? 6 ^A

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@FMXW GZOXOVUE KL FEWXBEXOG DUHIEAEMX

26[Lomfcs omhh 6[Lomfcs.omhh < ?/:/:>>? 6 ^A?/:/:>>? 6 ^A

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GKMXERX

9

eoibteemtb gemtury tbft tbe refcoty kl tbft tbreft frroveh om gkm-tomemtfc Eurkpe. Xbe Lremgb Zevkcutokm kl 692?, omsporeh jy tbe

promgopces kl Emcoibtemaemt pbockskpby, kvertbrew tbe ckgfc

akmfrgby fmh put om questokm tbe ceiotoafgy kl tbe pkwer kl

akmfrgbs tbrkuibkut Eurkpe fmh jeykmh. @fmt jrkfhcy sya-

pftbozeh wotb tbe repujcogfm promgopces km wbogb tbe Lremgb

revkcutokm wfs lkumheh. kcotogfc pkwer wkuch mkw je jfseh km

rftokmfccy heteraomeh cfws, rftber tbfm km tbe futkgrftog pkwer

kl fm omhovohufc kr gfjfc. Bos kwm pkcotogfc pbockskpby, espe-

gofccy ^erpetufc ^efge, friueh lkr tbe megessoty kl dust sugb f

ruce kl cfw mkt kmcy wotbom f mftokm, jut fcsk jetweem mftokms.

Bkwever, @fmt besotfteh fjkut tbe wfy om wbogb tbe revkcutokm

heveckpeh omtk tbe Xerrkr, wbem evem suppkrters kl tbe repujcog

were gkmheameh fs ots emeaoes. Akrekver, be wfs om f pktemtofccy

holloguct pksotokm jegfuse bkwever emcoibtemeh f akmfrgb aoibt

je, fmy mkm-ecegteh skvereoim wkuch je jkumh tk bfve skae aos-

iovomis fjkut tbe revkcutokms tbreft tk rkyfc pkwer, mever aomh

tbe tbreft kl reiogohe. Xbe sotuftokm wfs wkrsemeh fs jy tbos stfie

tbe prevfocomi reioae umher Lroehrogb Yocbeca OO (6926[Lomfcs omhh 9LBuibes[Gb>6[Lomfcs.omhh 9 ?/:/:>>? 6 ^A?/:/:>>? 6 ^A

8/14/2019 Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgement

14/14

@FMXW GZOXOVUE KL FEWXBEXOG DUHIEAEMX

2

5 XBE YOHEZ GUCXUZFC EM\OZKMAEMX

Lfakuscy kr, rftber, omlfakuscy @fmt hoh mkt vemture akre

tbfm f sbkrt hostfmge lrka bos mftove goty kl @moisjeri fmh fs

tbos wfs bfrhcy f gemtre kl Eurkpefm gucturfc exgeccemge, be wfs

ft skaewbft kl f hosfhvfmtfie. Mevertbecess, be wfs `ept wecc

omlkraeh kl pbockskpbogfc fmh gucturfc heveckpaemts tbrkuib

repkrts om dkurmfcs fmh tbrkuib trfmscftokms kl skae oapkrtfmt

texts omtk Ierafm. Xbus be wfs fwfre kl Buaes rfhogfc hevec-

kpaemt kl Emcoibtemaemt pbockskpby, questokmomi wohecy bechpresuppksotokms fmh fssuaptokms stocc hkrafmt wotbom tbom`omi

tbft fttfg`eh hkiaftosa.

@fmt wfs ft akre kl f hosfhvfmtfie wbem ot gfae tk tbe frts,

lkr fctbkuib bos surrkumhomis were mkt wotbkut festbetog omter-

est, be hoh mkt bfve horegt fggess tk fmy kl tbe ireft frtwkr`s,

fcc kl wbogb were tk je lkumh lfr lrka @moisjeri. Umco`e

Iketbe, be hoh mkt trfvec skutb tk Otfcy tk hosgkver tbe trefsures

kl tbe gcfssogfc perokh, f dkurmey tbft wfs lfsbokmfjce lkr tbe

ehugfteh ecote. @fmt afy bfve bfh fggess tk promts fmh emirfv-

omis, fs wecc fs horegt fggess tk cesser `mkwm ckgfc wkr`s fmh,

tbus, skae expksure tk f rfmie kl vosufc frtwkr`s. Evem sk,

bos ehugftokm om tbe vosufc frts aust bfve jeem restrogteh jy

tbe aehoua om wbogb be emgkumtereh oafies, tbe kroiomfcs kl

wbogb were kltem boibcy gkckureh fmh pbysogfccy gkaafmhomi

wkr`s. Ot os tbus mkt surprosomi tbft skae kl bos akst emtbusofs-

tog gkaaemts fre horegteh mkt tk tbe vosufc frts, jut, rftber, tk

pketry. Ybem we gkmsoher tbft bos sehemtfry colestyce gfm bfve

iovem rose tk lew kppkrtumotoes lkr tbe experoemge kl afimolo-

gemt mfturfc jefuty kr sujcoaoty, we aust je evem akre strug`

jy tbe oapkrtfmt rkce be ifve tk festbetogs.