VERBS past

toldtell, say heLu, heLi I/me - naanu heLde

You - neevu

He/She/It - avanu, avalu, adhuWe - naavuYou - neevuThey -

see/look nODu danceread Odhu get downdrink kuDi writerun ODu kill

give koDi buy

sleep niddhe, niddhe maaDdhe climbwalk naDi laughsing haaDu wash

wantdon't want

catch hidi takestand ninthu knowsit fall (hair)put hAAku worktalk mAAthadu can (modal)

do mAAdi may, might (modal)

understand arthayithu, arthagthey could (modal)should (modal)

throw have (aux)hit will (aux)

shall (aux)

INTRANSITIVE VERBS (no object) isgo hoGu become Balovelisten

ADVERBS

now eegale, eega (?) oncethen twicehere illi nicelythere alli welltoday eevathu quicklytomorrow naale completelyyesterday manney sincerelyrecently slowlyalways enoughsometimes muchusually a lotneverrarelyvery bahala

NOUNS

clothes batte batte-ide, batte-ige batte-yanna, batte-galuTHING PLACEhair (tresses) koodalu school

ladder aaeni house

truth nija spot/place

car caaru place (town, city, village)water neeruprofit labhaonlinefloor nela TIME

page puta (pl. puta-gala) dayjob kelasa morning{fruits} evening{trees} night(food} everydaypain novu

PRONOUNS

Person Subject Object1st I me2nd you you

3rd he/she/it him/her/it

Person Subject Object1st we us2nd you you3rd they them

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE PRONOUNSwho? yaaru? whowhich? yethu whichwhat? yenu? yaavudhu? whatwhy? yaake? thathow? hege?where? yelli?

INDEFINITE PRONOUNSsomeall evaru ... alruguboth ibru ... ibbarigeeach

here illi

ADJECTIVESslow nidhaana

fast bega goodhot (spicy) kara

redhot (heat) bisi blueexpensive dubaari yellownear/beside pakka white

An adjective is often defined as a word which describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun. Adjectives describe nouns in terms of such qualities as size, color, number, and kind

wet odde blackbigsmall

{number}darkhandsomeoldyoungtallshortlonglazybriskbeautiful

good chennagide, chennagilla

PREPOSITIONSTIME PLACEat aton in/ insidein on

for ~-ge (Avanige neeru beku) nearafter aadmele acrossbefore munche out/ outside

betweenaheadbehindaroundup/above

down/under

A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence. The relationships include direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount.

CONJUNCTION

COORDINATING (connecting equal)and afteror athava beforebut althoughso unless

ifuntilassince

CORRELATIVE whenboth . . .and because

thanwhile

ARTICLESaanthe

SUBORDINATING (connecting not equal)

present future present continuous

I, you, She tell(s) will tell I am, You are, She is tellingheLutheyne heLthini heLtha-idhni

heLuthane, heLuthale heLtha-idhane

kiNi, kuNidhe, kuNithini ask keLuiLi, iLidheyne touch muTTubari break oDikollu drive ODisu

koLLu, konDe, koLLthini start Shuru

hathu, hathide cry aLunagu, nakkde sell Maaru, MarideOgi lose Solu, Sothebeku winbeda available sigatheythogo, thogoligotthuuduruttidekelasa

where? elli?

chennagi (gotthu)

nidhaana vagisaakuthumbajaasti, sikkapatte

PERSONshaale father, mother thandhey, thaayi

maney sister, brother (elder) akka, anna

jaaga (jaaga-nalli) sister, brother (younger) thangi, thamma

ooru grandma, grandpa hajji, hajjapeople janaafriend snehitaruanyone yaaradharusomeone

dina

dinakke

Possessive Intensive Reflexivemine myselfyours yourself

his/hers himself/herself/itself

Possessive Intensive Reflexiveours ourselvesyours yourselvestheirs themselves

RELATIVE PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNSthis idhu, inda, Eethat Aathese ivaga(?)those avaga (?)

olleyudu

this much ishtu

An adjective is often defined as a word which describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun. Adjectives describe nouns in terms of such

my

yelage/ yelagade

pakka

olage/ olagade

mele/melagade

kelagey, kele/ kelagade

A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence. The relationships include direction, place, time, cause, manner

present perfect

has toldheLuvudhu heLutheyna?

heLuthiraa?

heLuthana?

SPECIALhogona let's go