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at all time outside the element : d B
dt0
at all time inside the element : dQenc
dt0
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vijdw
dq
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idq
dtq(t) = i(t)dt
t
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i
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pdw
dt
NOTE: this does not mean the power is negative. It depends on the numerical values of v and i
Example: v = -1 V, i = 1 A= -vi = 1W
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iknode k
= 0
vijloop l
= 0
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+–VBATTERY
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+–VBATTERY
EL
• d l =d B
dtE
c
a
• d l + Ea
b
• d l + Eb
c
• d l = 0 Vac +Vba +Vcb = 0
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+–VBATTERY
JS• dS =
dQenc
dtI ca + I ba + I da = 0
