Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 19. November 2013 Tuesday

topographical anatomy

organization of the human body as major parts or segments

Head

Neck

Trunk

thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum

Upper limbs & lower limbs

Anterior aspect of the leg

Dorsal body cavity

Ventral body cavity

Head & neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Back Pelvis & Perineum Lower limb

Neurocranium

Skeleton of the face

transitional area between the head and the trunk

joins the head to the trunk and limbs major conduit for structures passing between them.

several important organs with unique functions located here

shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand

Shoulder

area of upper limb attachment to trunk

Arm between shoulder & elbow joint

Forearm between elbow joint & wrist joint

Hand distal to the wrist joint

proximal segment of the limb

overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck

irregularly shaped pyramidal space

area of transition between the neck and the arm

Arm first segment of the free upper limb

between shoulder & elbow

1 bone

Forearm second longest segment of the limb

between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) 2 bones

Hand L. manus

part of the upper limb distal to the forearm

Wrist Palm Dorsum of hand Digits (fingers)

.

between the neck and abdomen

forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage

protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs.

12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages 12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs Sternum

between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet)

organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system

Containment of the abdominal organs and their

contents provided by

musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragm superiorly, muscles of the

pelvis inferiorly

Bony elements mainly vertebrae + proximal elements of the ribs + superior aspects of the pelvic bones + posterior basal regions of the skull

posterior aspect of the body

provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk.

spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves

send and receive information to and from most of the body.

from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm

between the sex organs and the anus

part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs pelvic cavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity

Right hip bone Left hip bone (coxal bones; pelvic bones)

Sacrum

Coccyx (tailbone)

Gluteal region between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold)

Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot

transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs

between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally

knee region distally

1 bone

posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa

transitional area between the thigh and the leg

Leg region between knee joint & ankle joint

2 bones

Ankle region (L. tarsus)

talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis)

Foot

(L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis) distal part of the lower limb