Gol I --- Garam Ca tak Larut

Gol II --- Garam Ba tak Larut

Gol III--- Garam Zn tak Larut

Gol IV--- Garam Ag tak Larut

Gol V--- Gol sisa

Reaksi pengendapanSO4

-2, S2O3-2, PO4

-3, HPO3-2, H2PO2

-, AsO4-3, AsO3

-3, CrO4-3,

Cr2O7-2, SiO3

-2, (SiF6)-2, C6H5COO

Reaksi RedoksMnO4

-, CrO4-2, Cr2O7

-2

+ HCl / H2SO4eCO3

-2, HCO3-, SO3

-2, S2O3-2, S-2, NO2

-2, ClO-, CN-, CNO

+ H2SO4 pF-, SiFe-2, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO2

-, ClO3-, ClO4

-, MnO4-, BrO3

-, Fe(CN)6-4,

Fe(CN)6-3, BO3

-3, CNS-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, (COO)2-2, (C4H4O6

)-2, (C6H5O7

)-3

1. NO2-

Kertas KI + H2SO4e --- tttskn lart --- biru (+)NO2- (+) --- dihilangkan + asam sulfamat --- biru (-)

1Bila NO2- (-)

Lart + H2SO4 --- dinginkan --- lwt dinding tabung + FeSO4, Diamkan 1-2’--- cincin coklat NO3

- (+) (Reaksi diganggu Br-,

I-, ClO3-, NO2

-)1SCN-

Lart + 1 tts FeCl3 --- merah darah

1S2O3-2

Lart + 2 tts AgNO3 --- end putih (+) --- kuning --- hitam (+)

Sudah tes pendahuluan Larutan dinetralkan dengan NaOH ad sedikit alkalis (pH

± 7-8)Pemeriksaan Gol Anion

+ NaoH ad netral / agak alkalis + Ca(NO3)2 ad mengendap sempurna

Tapisan Gol II, III, IV, V

End terdidi dari : CaCO3, CaSO4, CaF2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat Endapan dibagi dua

1+ HCl --- gas Ca(OH)2 --- end (+) CO3-2, SO3

-

+ air Brom dan BaCl2 --- and (-) --- SO3-2 (-)

2. + HCl dipanaskan, dinginkan + air Brom

dan BaCl2

Endapan BaSO4

Tapisan : CaF2, CaCl2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat

+ NaOH ad alkalis + Mg(NO3)2, diamkan 10’, saring

Endapan Mg.(NH4)PO4.6H2OMg.(NH4)AsO4.6H2O

Lart + Hcle + NaHCO3 padat << + KI padat --- kuning coklat AsO4,

As2O3 (+)

Tapisan + H2O2 [ oksalat tartarat (-) ] dipanaskan, dinginkan, saring

1End putih AsO3 (+)2Filtrat dipanaskan ad H2S hilang +

NH4OHp + Mg(NO3)2 --- end putih PO4 (+)

Endapan Gol I Cuci dgn air

Tapisan II, III, IV, VTapisan II, III, IV, VNetralkan pH 7-8 + Ba(NONetralkan pH 7-8 + Ba(NO33))22 ad sempurna ad sempurna

Tapisan Gol III, IV, VTapisan Gol III, IV, V Endapan Gol IIEndapan Gol IICuci, BaSOCuci, BaSO44; BaCrO; BaCrO44 + HCl ad pH ± 1 + HCl ad pH ± 1

Endapan BaSOEndapan BaSO44 + H + H22SOSO44p dipanaskan, p dipanaskan, dinginkan --- end putih (kristal rozet)dinginkan --- end putih (kristal rozet)

Tapisan Tapisan II, III, IV, II, III, IV,

Jika tidak berwarna CrOJika tidak berwarna CrO44 (-) (-)Warna Kunig + NaOH ad netral --- end kuning orange Warna Kunig + NaOH ad netral --- end kuning orange CrOCrO44 (+) (+)

Tapisan Gol III, IV, V+ HNO3 e ad sedikit asam + Zn(NO3)2 bertetes ad megendap sempurna

Tapisan Gol IV, VEndapan Gol IIIZn(CN)2, ZnFe(CN)6, Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2

+ NH4OHad end larut + AgNO3 + Na2SO3 ad warna coklat (-), saring Endapan + HCle + bbrp tts FeCl3

1End biru / warna biru Fe(CN)2 (+)2End coklat Fe(CN)3 (+)

TapisanNH4[Ag(CN)2] + HNO3 dipanaskan ad NH3 hilang, saring

Tapisan dibuangEndapan Ag2CN + (NH4)2S

End Ag2STapisan AgCNS + HCl

+ FeCl3 --- merah darah CN (+)

Tapisan Gol IV, V+ HNO3 ad asam + AgNO3 ad mengendap sempurna

Tapisan Gol V

Endapan Gol IVAgCl, AgBr, AgI, AgCNS, AgS2O3 (---Ag2S)

+NH4OH ad larut, hangatkan + (NH4)2S ad endapan hitam habis

Endapan Ag2STapisan NH4Cl, NH4I, NH4Br, NH4CNS

dipanaskan ad bau NH3 hilang, dinginkan + HNO3 ad asam + 3-5 ml CCl4/ CHCl3, gojog 3’

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- ungu I2 (+) Lapisan airDipanaskan + KMnO4 <<

+ CCL4 / CHCl3, gojog

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- kuning coklat Br2 (+)

Lapisan air dibagi dua1+ FeCl3 << --- merah CNS (+)

2+ NaNO2 + AgNO3 --- end putih Cl2 (+)

Tapisan Gol V

ClO3-, CH3COO-, NO3

-, NO2-

Tapisan dibagi dua:

Dinetralkan + FeCl3

--- end merah CH3COO- (+)

+ 1 ml H2SO4 e+ AgNO3 dipanaskan end putih

+ NH4OH --- larut ClO3- (+)

1 CO3-2

a dengan HCleCO3

-2 + H+ --- CO2 + H2OCO2 + Ca+2 + 2 OH- --- end CaCO3 + H2OCO2 + Ba+2 + 2 OH- --- end BaCO3 + H2Ob Dengan AgNO3

2 Ag+ + CO3-2 --- end perak Ag2CO3

1 HCO3-

PendidihanHCO3

- dipanaskan 100OC, CO2 --- + Ca+2 + OH- -- end CaCO3 + H2O

1 SO3-2

Dalam HCle --- SO3-2 + 2H+ --- SO2 (bau S-2) + H2O

1 S2O3-2

+ HCl --- end S + SO2 + H2O+ I2 --- 2I- + S4O6

-2 (tetrationat)

1S-2

+ HCl --- H2S + AgNO3 --- Ag2S + Pb+2 (hitam) --- larut dalam HNO3 e, dipanaskan

1NO2- (nitrit)+ HCl e --- HNO2 dipanaskan HNO3 + 2NO + H2O+ CH3COOH --- HNO2 + CH3COO-

3 HNO2 --- H2O + HNO3 + 2 NO + FeSO4 + NO --- [Fe(NO)]SO4

1CN-

AgNO3 --- CN- + Ag+ --- end Ag(CN) + CN- ---[Ag(CN)2]

1SCN-

+ CuSO4 --- end Cu(SCN)2 hijau + HSO3- --- hitamend Cu(SCN)2 + SO2 +2 H2O --- end 2CuSCN (putih) +2 SCN- + SO4

-2 + 4H+

1[Fe(CN)6]-4 (Heksasianoferat (II)+ FeCl3 --- end Fe4[Fe(CN)6]-3 (biru) [Feriferosianida]+ CuSO4 --- end Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (coklat)

1[Fe(CN)6]-3 (Heksasianoferat (III)

+ FeCl3 --- end Fe [Fe(CN)6] (coklat) + CuSO4 --- end Cu3[Fe(CN)6]-2 (hijau)

1Cl-

+H2SO4p : HClp + HSO4- + Pb(CH3COO)2 --- end PbCl2

(putih)

1Br-

+ HNO3 --- 3 Br2 + 2NO + 6 NO3- + 4 H2O

+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)

+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1I-+ H2SO4 --- I2 + SO4-

2 + 2 H2OI2 + Pb+2--- end PbI2 (kuning)I2 + Amylum --- biru+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4

- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1ClO3-+ H2SO4 --- 2 ClO2 + ClO4

- + 3 SO4-2 + 2H+ + K+ + H2O

+ HI --- I2 + Cl- + 3 H2O (kuning)I2 + Amylum --- biru+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4

- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1BrO3-

+ Ag --- End AgBrO3 (putih) + 2NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + BrO3-

+ HI --- I2 + Cl- + 3 H2O (kuning)I2 + Amylum --- biru+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4

- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)+ air Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1IO3-

+ Ag --- End AgIO3 (putih) + 2 NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + IO3-

[Ag(NH3)2]+ + H2SO3 --- end AgI + 3 SO3-2 + 2 NH4 + 4 H+ (beda

dgn BrO3-

1ClO4-2 (perklorat)

+ K+ --- end KClO4 (putih)+ NH3 --- end NH4ClO4 (putih)

1SO4-2

+ Ba+2 --- end BaSO4 (putih)+ Pb+2 --- end PbSO4 (putih)+ 2 Ag+ --- end Ag2SO4 (putih)

1MnO4-

+ 5 H2S + 6 H+ --- end S-2 + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O+ 5 Fe+2 + 3 H+ --- end 5 Fe+3 + Mn+2 + 4 H2O+ 5 NO2- + 6 H+ --- end 5 NO3

- + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O

1CrO4-2 dan Cr2O7-2

CrO4-2 + Ba+2 --- end BaCrO4 (kuning)

Cr2O7-2 + 2 Ba+2 + H2O --- end 2 BaCrO4 (kuning dipinggir) +

2H+