k+12 discussion paper.doc

7/25/2019 k+12 discussion paper.doc

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DISCUSSION PAPER

ONTHE ENHANCEDK+12BASIC EDUCATION

PROGRAMDepEd discussion paper05 October 2010

Source:http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/K12new.pdf

Discussion PaperAs of 05 October 2010

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THE ENHANCED K+12 BASIC EDUCATIONPROGRAMRATIONALE1 Enhancing the qa!it" #$ %a&ic e'cati#n in the Phi!i((ine& i&)gent an'c)itica!*Thus, we have to come up with a proposal to enhance ourbasic

education program in a manner that is least disruptive to the currentcurriculum,most afordable to government and amilies, and aligned withinternationalpractice.2 The (##) qa!it" #$ %a&ic e'cati#n i& )eecte' in the !#,achie-e.ent
http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/K12new.pdfhttp://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/K12new.pdf


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&c#)e& #$ /i!i(in# &t'ent&* Many students who nish basiceducation do notpossess sucient mastery o basic competencies. !ne reason is thatstudents donot get ade"uate instructional time or time on tas#. The $ational

%chievementTest &$%T' or grade ( in )* 2++-2+1+ passing rate is only (.21.%lthoughthis is already a 2/ improvement over the )* 2++0-2++( passingrate, urtherreorms are needed to achieve substantial improvement. The $%T orhigh schoolis /(.3 in )* 2++-2+1+, a slight decrease rom /./+ in )* 2++-2++.3 nternational tests results li#e 2++3 TM)) &Trends in nternationalMathematics

and )cience )tudy' ran# the 4hilippines 3/th out o 3 countries in 5) Mathand /3rd out o /( countries in 5) )cience6 or grade /, the4hilippines ran#ed23rd out o 20 participating countries in both Math and )cience.i n2++, evenwith only the science high schools participating in the %dvancedMathematicscategory, the 4hilippines was ran#ed lowest 0Ta%!e 1.ii


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/ The c#nge&te' c))ic!. (a)t!" e(!ain& the ()e&ent &tate#$ e'cati#n.The current basic education is designed to teach a 12-year curriculum, yet it is delivered in 7ust 1+ years.

0 Thi& qa!it" #$ e'cati#n i& )eecte' in the ina'eqate

()e(a)ati#n #$ high &ch##! g)a'ate& $#) the ,#)!' #$ ,#)3 #)ent)e()ene)&hi( #)highe) e'cati#n* 5igh school graduates also do not possess thebasiccompetencies or emotional maturity essential or the world o wor#.%bout +.o the unemployed are at least high school graduates and + o theunemployed are 10-3/ years old &Ta%!e 2'. 8hile the availability oeconomicopportunities contributes to this, it also illustrates the mismatch in thelabor and

education mar#ets. The 8orld 9an# 4hilippines )#ills :eport in 2++reveals,based on a survey o employers, serious gaps in critical s#ills ograduates suchas problem-solving, initiative and creativity, and, to a lesser e;tent,gaps in 7obspecictechnical s#ills.(


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FThe State shall establish, maintain, and support a complete,adequate, andinterated s!stem of education rele"ant to the needs of the peopleand societ!.G12 K+12 .ean& Kin'e)ga)ten an' the 12 "ea)& #$ e!e.enta)"

an' &ec#n'a)"e'cati#n* Bindergarten reers to the 0-year old cohort that ta#es astandardiHed #inder curriculum. =lementary education reers toprimaryschooling that involves si; or seven years o education6 meanwhilesecondaryeducation reers to high school. >nder the BC12, the intention is not7ust to addtwo years o schooling but more importantly to enhance the basiceducationcurriculum.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND13 A& ea)!" a& 192:7 &t'ie& ha-e #%&e)-e' the ina'eqac" #$the %a&ice'cati#n c))ic!..vii %s one o the most well studied reorms,recommendations o either adding or restoring th grade or adding ane;tra yearto basic education have been put orward.a' M#n)#e S)-e" 0192:I )econdary education did not prepare orlie andrecommended training in agriculture, commerce, and industry.b' P)#&&e) S)-e" 0195;I :ecommended to improve phases o

vocationaleducation such as th grade shopwor#, provincial schools, practical artstraining in the regular high schools, home economics, placement wor#,gardening, and agricultural education.c' UNESCO Mi&&i#n S)-e" 019nder )ection 3, mandates that FKtLheprimary courseshall be composed o our grades &Jrades to E' and the intermediatecourseo three grades &Jrade E to E'.G

e' S,ann S)-e" 019=;I :ecommended the restoration o Jrade' P)e&i'entia! C#..i&&i#n t# S)-e" Phi!i((ine E'cati#n0PCSPE019>;I 5igh priority be given to the implementation o an 11-yearprogram6:ecommended program consists o ( years o compulsory elementaryeducation and 0 years o secondary education


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g' C#ng)e&&i#na! C#..i&&i#n #n E'cati#n 0EDCOM Re(#)t01991I oneyear is to be added in the education program, it recommends one otwoalternativesI )even years o elementary education or


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modern world prepared to meet challenges.1 =very graduate will be able to thin# or himselhersel and ma#esound decisionson the best courses o action to ta#e in the diferent circumstances ohis or her

lie. The graduate@s autonomous thin#ing is a product o the capabilityorcomprehension and critical thin#ing as well as the ull development oone@suni"ue personality.1 =very graduate is inculcated with the respect or human rights andvalues,notably, #a$a%Di!os, #a$a%tao, #a$abansa, and #a$a%&ali$asan. Thisma#esevery graduate empowered to efect positive changes in hisher lieand that o

others.1 A i&i#n Achie-e' th)#gh an Enhance' C))ic!.I =verygraduate o the=nhanced BC12 9asic =ducation 4rogram will benet rom a reormedandupdated curriculum that is ocused on enabling every child to achievemastery ocore competencies and s#ills.2+ A i&i#n that ha& S#ci#Ec#n#.ic Re!e-ance@ =very graduateo the=nhanced BC12 9asic =ducation 4rogram is ready to ta#e his or her

place as aproductive member o society. They are e"uipped to ta#e on everyopportunity inlie he or she choosesNto nd wor#, to engage in higher studies, or tostart anentrepreneurial endeavor.21 This vision is consistent with the denition o an educated


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$#) %#th !i$e!#ng !ea)ning an' e.(!#".ent*The program willenhance thebasic education system to ull unctionality to ulll the basic learningneeds ostudents. This is in line with the agenda o the 4resident %"uino o

having "ualityeducation as a long-term solution to poverty. n order to achieve thesegoals, theprogram has the ollowing twin-ob7ectivesIa T# gi-e e-e)" &t'ent an #((#)tnit" t# )ecei-e qa!it"e'cati#n %a&e'#n an enhance' an' 'ec#nge&te' c))ic!. that i&inte)nati#na!!")ec#gni6e' an' c#.(a)a%!e

Aevelop a curriculum that is rational and ocused on e;cellence

&decongested, uses research-based practices, uses "uality materials

and te;tboo#s, etc.' 4roduce a pool o highly "ualied and ade"uately trained teachers.

%chieve high academic standards, especially in Mathematics,

)cience,and =nglish at all levels

4roduce graduates who are globally competitive and whose

credentialsare recogniHed internationally% T# change (%!ic (e)ce(ti#n that high &ch##! e'cati#n i&4&t a()e(a)ati#n $#) c#!!ege )athe)7 it &h#!' a!!#, #ne t# ta3ea'-antage #$#((#)tnitie& $#) gain$! ca)ee) #) e.(!#".ent an'#) &e!$e.(!#".entin a )a(i'!" changing an' inc)ea&ing!" g!#%a!i6e' en-i)#n.ent

4roduce graduates who possess s#ills and competencies that willallowthem to be productive members o society or pursue higher education.

Through coordination between the academic and business sectors,

tochange industry hiring practices ta#ing into account the enhanced

s#illsand competencies o BC12 graduates.BENE/ITS O/ ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM23 The =nhanced BC12 9asic =ducation 4rogram will be instrumentalin achievingthe nation@s vision o a high school graduate. The benets o the BC12proposal


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ar outweigh the additional costs that will be incurred by bothgovernment andamilies.T# In'i-i'a!& an' /a.i!ie&2/ An enhance' c))ic!. ,i!! 'ec#nge&t aca'e.ic ,#)3!#a',

giving studentsmore time to master competencies and s#ills as well as time or otherlearningopportunities beyond the classroom, thus allowing or a more holisticdevelopment.20 G)a'ate& ,i!! (#&&e&& c#.(etencie& an' &3i!!& )e!e-ant t#the 4#% .a)3et.The BC12 proposal will be designed to ad7ust and meet the ast-changingdemands o society to prepare graduates with s#ills essential or theworld o

wor#.G)a'ate& ,i!! %e ()e(a)e' $#) highe) e'cati#n* Aue to anenhancedcurriculum that will provide relevant content and attuned with thechanging needso the times, basic education will ensure sucient mastery o coresub7ects to itsgraduates such that graduates may opt to pursue higher education ithey chooseto.2 G)a'ate& ,i!! %e a%!e t# ea)n highe) ,age& an'#) %ette)

()e(a)e' t# &ta)tthei) #,n %&ine&&*There is a strong correlation betweeneducationalattainment and wage structure and studies specic to the 4hilippinesetting showthat an additional year o schooling increases earnings by .0. Thisshould alsoallow greater access to higher education or sel-supporting students.2 G)a'ate& c#!' n#, %e )ec#gni6e' a%)#a'*


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ob7ective o the BC12 program is to improve "uality o basic education.)everalstudies have shown that the improvements in the "uality o educationwillincrease JA4 growth by as much as 2. )tudies in the >B, ndia and

>) showthat additional years o schooling also have positive overall impact onsociety.3+ The Phi!i((ine e'cati#n &"&te. ,i!! %e at (a) ,ithinte)nati#na! &tan'a)'&.BC12 will acilitate mutual recognition o


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years', a 7unior high schooldiploma &/ years', and asenior high school diploma&2 years'. % ull 12 years obasic education will

eventually be re"uired orentry into tertiary leveleducation &enteringreshmen by )* 2+1-2+1or seven years rom now'.30 niversal#indergartenwill be ofered starting )* 2+11-2+12. 9y )* 2+12-2+13, the newcurriculum willbe ofered to incoming Jrade 1 as well as to incoming 7unior high

schoolstudents. The target o Aep=d is to put in place the necessaryinrastructure andother necessary arrangements needed to provide )enior 5igh )chool&)5)'education by )* 2+1(-2+1./ig)e 1 K=


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Aepartment o =ducation will constitute a body to review the currentbasiceducation curriculum and detail the implementation plan./+ The 'e-e!#(.ent #$ t)ac3& %a&e' #n 'i8e)ent c#.(etencie&an'#) &t'ent

inte)e&t ,i!! %e an integ)a! c#.(#nent #$ the ()#g)a.* 9asiceducationprogram should develop trac#s based on competencies to meet thecountry@svaried human capital re"uirements, and to prepare students orproductiveendeavour. The )5) curriculum will ofer areas o specialiHation orelectives./1 A& (a)t #$ the %igge) %a&ic e'cati#n )e$#).7 theenhance.ent #$ the %a&ice'cati#n c))ic!. i& %eing n'e)ta3en han' in han' ,ith

the -ig#)#&e8#)t& t# en&)e a'eqac" #$ in(t&* =;panding the educationprogram&additional years o schooling' will be pursued mindul o the need toaddress theinput shortages O teachers, classrooms, des#s, water and sanitation,and "ualityte;tboo#s. Aep=d already included a provision or substantial physicalre"uirements or 2+11 budget, and is loo#ing to introduce insubse"uent years abudget that will constitute a signicant increase not 7ust in nominal

terms but alsoin real terms./2 Change i& t,#$#!'@ c))ic!. enhance.ent an' t)an&iti#n.anage.ent*The intention o BC12 is not merely to add two years o schooling butmoreimportantly, to enhance the basic education curriculum. Aep=d ispreparing acareully se"uenced implementation plan to ensure smooth transitionwith theleast disruption.

/3 An #(en an' c#n&!tati-e ()#ce&& ,i!! %e a'#(te' in the()#.#ti#n #$ theEnhance' K+12 Ba&ic E'cati#n P)#g)a.* n accordance with theFTao an'ossG principle, an open and consultative process will be adopted toensure thesuccessul development and implementation o the BC12 program.


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// C)eati#n #$ a Ta&3 /#)ce. To 7umpstart the program, a Tas#


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0+ K+12 In$#).ati#n7 E'cati#n an' C#..nicati#n* %llsta#eholders shall beconsulted. % massive public inormation campaign based on the 12-year designmodel and implementation scheme will be implemented.$ational center or =ducation )tatistics. (ihlihts from the Trends in )nternational #athematics andScience Stud!200*+Aecember 2++/ii Mullis, .E.)., Martin, M.!., :obitaille, A.


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Features of K 6-4-2

&1* Kindergarten and 12 years of uality asic education is a right of every -ilipino,

therefore they must e and will e provided y government and will e free.

&2* #hose who go through the 12 years cycle will get an elementary diploma & years*, a%unior high school diploma & years*, and a senior high school diploma &2 years*.

&0* A full 12 years of asic education will eventually e reuired for entry into tertiary

level education &entering freshmen y 2)1342)15 or seven years from now*.

An open and consultative process will e adopted in the development and

implementation of K+12.

6hange is two4fold: &a* curriculum enhancement and &* transition management.

What is Senior High School?

2 years of in4depth speciali7ation for students depending on the occupation/career

trac they wish to pursue

ills and competencies relevant to the %o maret

#he 2 years of senior 8 intend to provide time for students to consolidate

acuired academic sills and competencies.

#he curriculum will allow speciali7ations in cience and #echnology, 9usic and

Arts, Agriculture and -isheries, ports, usiness and "ntrepreneurship.

What is the #ro#osed im#lementation #lan of (e#Ed?

;hases of Implementation:

&1*


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Why add t'o more years?

#o decongest and enhance the asic education curriculum

#o provide etter uality education for all

#he ;hilippines is the only remaining country in Asia with a 1)4year asic

education program K+12 is not new. #he proposal to e$pand the asic education dates ac to 152=.

tudies in the ;hilippines have shown that an additional year of schooling

increases earnings y (.=>.

tudies validate that improvements in the quality of education will increase '!;

growth y 2> to 2.2>.

9inus 2 instead of plus 2 for those families who cannot afford a college education

ut still wish to have their children find a good paying %o. ?ight now, parents

spend for at least years of college to have an employale child. In our model,

parents will not pay for 2 years of asic education that will give them an

employale child. In effect, we are saving parents 2 years of e$penses. #he plan is

not @;lus 2 years efore graduation ut @9inus 2 years efore wor #o inspire a shift in attitude that completion of high school education is more than

%ust preparation for college ut can e sufficient for a gainful employment or

career.

&o' much 'ill this cost?

#he immediate cost for the program will not e needed until 2)1 when the first

year of the two additional years is implemented.

9eanwhile, we will continue to close the resource gaps in asic education B the

;resident ordered !ep"d to its close resource gaps in 2 years.

At this time,we estimate the total funding reuirement to procure all needed resources at

;1=) illion for:

!2,!6" ne# classrooms

$%,!"" more teachers

"!&6 million more 'oo(s

13.2 million seats

What 'ill society gain from K+12

K+12 will facilitate an accelerated economic growth.

K+12 will facilitate mutual recognition of -ilipino graduates and professionals in

other countries.

A etter educated society provides a sound foundation for long4term socio4

economic development.


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everal studies have shown that the improvements in the uality of education will

increase '!; growth y as much as 2). tudies in the


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especially at the elementary and secondary levels. -or e$ample, the

results of standard tests conducted among elementary and high schoolstudents, as well as in the Fational 6ollege of "ntrance "$amination for

college students, were way elow the target mean score.

2. *ffordaility4 #here is also a ig disparity in educational achievements

across social groups. -or e$ample, the socioeconomically disadvantagedstudents have higher dropout rates, especially in the elementary level.

And most of the freshmen students at the tertiary level come from

relatively well4off families.0. Budget4 #he ;hilippine 6onstitution has mandated the goverment to

allocate the highest proportion of its udget to education. 8owever, the

;hilippines still has one of the lowest udget allocations to educationamong the *SE*.countries.

. /ismatch4 #here is a large proportion of GmismatchG etween training

and actual %os. #his is the ma%or prolem at the tertiary level and it is

also the cause of the e$istence of a large group of educated unemployed

or underemployed.

/he follo#ing are some of the reforms *ro*osed0

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