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K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 1
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik
Deuterium inventory in the full tungsten divertor of ASDEX Upgrade
K. Sugiyama, M. Mayer, V. Rohde, R. Neu, A. Wiltner, Th. Dürbeck, S. Lindig, T. Höschen,
M. Balden, H. W. Müller and ASDEX Upgrade team
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 2
W divertor in 2007 campaign
W-coated divertor
3 ~ 4 µm PVD-W (except the outer target)
200 µm VPS-W (outer target)
Langmuir probes (PCW) in outer divertor
Total discharge time: 2620 s
No Boronization
No H discharges in the end of campaign
VPS-W-coated (200 m) graphite
Langmuir probes (polycrystalline bulk W)
Outer divertor target tiles
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 3
Post-mortem analysis
3He+ Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA)2.5 MeV: amount of D (depth info. ~ 3 µm in W), over the whole divertor region
0.69 - 4.0 MeV energy scan: D depth profiling up to ~ 6 µm, some specific points
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (SIMS)Qualitative D depth profiling: available for beyond 6 µm depth
Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) Determination of the amount of D (including bulk)
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 4
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6S
trik
e p
oin
t [s
ec]
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flue
nce [10
25 D
/m2]
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6S
trik
e p
oin
t [s
ec]
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flue
nce [10
25 D
/m2]
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6S
trik
e p
oin
t [s
ec]
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flue
nce [10
25 D
/m2]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0A
rea
l de
nsity
[1
01
8 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0A
rea
l de
nsity
[1
01
8 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Are
al d
ens
ity [10
18 C
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Are
al d
ens
ity [10
18 C
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
Poloidal D distribution2.5 MeV 3He+ NRA (depth info. ~ 3 µm): scanning along the poloidal direction
6A
6B
5
4
9A9B 9C
9D 10
1
2
3A3B
6A 6B 5 4 9A 9B 9C 9D 10 1 2 3A 3B
D distribution is similar to the C distribution on the divertor surface.
D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 5
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Depth [m]
D c
onc
entr
atio
n [a
t.%
]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Depth [m]
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ensi
ty [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ensi
ty [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
101
8 C
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
12C, NRA12C, NRA
Deuterium inventory in the inner divertor
Graphite substrate
PVD-W layer
D depth profiling by NRA 3He+ energy scanning method (0.69 ~ 4.0 MeV : depth info. ~ 6 µm)
S = 0.052 m
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Depth [m]
D c
onc
entr
atio
n [a
t.%
]
Graphite substrate
Deposition PVD-W layer
S = 0.507 m
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 6
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
0 .0
1 .0
2 .0
3 .0
0 0 .1 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coord ina te [m ]
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
0 .0
1 .0
2 .0
3 .0
0 0 .1 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coord ina te [m ]
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Are
al d
ens
ity [
101
8 C
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
12C, NRA12C, NRA
TDS result (D in bulk)
Deuterium inventory in the inner divertor
400 600 800 1000 1200
De
sorp
tion
rate
[10
15 m
olec
ule
s/cm
2/s
]
Temperature [K]
400 600 800 1000 1200
De
sorp
tion
rate
[10
15 m
olec
ule
s/cm
2/s
]
Temperature [K]
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
00.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0
S = 0.436 – 0.456 m
S = 0.022 – 0.042 m
PVD-W (3 ~ 4 m) coated tile: Good agreement with NRA data D inventory in inner divertor is dominated by the codeposition with carbon.
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 7
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
D c
onc
entr
atio
n [a
t.%
]
Depth [m]
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D depth profiling by NRA 3He+ energy scanning method (0.69 ~ 4.0 MeV : depth info. ~ 6 µm)
Deuterium inventory in the outer divertor
S = 1.604 m
Graphite substrate
PVD-W layer
0 . 0
1 . 0
2 . 0
3 . 0
1 1 . 1 1 . 2 1 . 3 1 . 4 1 . 5 1 . 6 1 . 7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18
C/c
m2
]
s - c o o r d i n a t e [ m ]
1 2 C , N R A1 2 C , N R A1 2 C , N R A1 2 C , N R A
0 . 0
1 . 0
2 . 0
3 . 0
1 1 . 1 1 . 2 1 . 3 1 . 4 1 . 5 1 . 6 1 . 7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18
C/c
m2
]
s - c o o r d i n a t e [ m ]
1 2 C , N R A1 2 C , N R A1 2 C , N R A1 2 C , N R A
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Depth [m]
D c
onc
entr
atio
n [a
t.%
]
S = 1.151 m
S = 1.082 m
VPS-W layer
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 8
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coordinate [m]
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
D, NRA (< 3 m)
D, NRA (< 6 m)
0 .0
1 .0
2 .0
3 .0
1 1 .1 1.2 1 .3 1.4 1 .5 1 .6 1 .7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coord ina te [m ]
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
0 .0
1 .0
2 .0
3 .0
1 1 .1 1.2 1 .3 1.4 1 .5 1 .6 1 .7
Are
al d
ens
ity [
10
18 D
/cm
2]
s - coord ina te [m ]
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
D , N R A (< 3 m )
D , N R A (< 6 m )
D , TD S
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Are
al d
ensi
ty [1
018
C/c
m2 ]
Deuterium inventory in the outer divertor
VPS-W (200 mm) coated tile: the amount of D is higher than NRA data by a factor of ~ 3.
TDS result (D in bulk)
400 600 800 1000 1200
De
sorp
tion
rate
[10
15 m
olec
ule
s/cm
2/s
]
Temperature [K]
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)S = 1.670 – 1.690 m
400 600 800 1000 1200
De
sorp
tion
rate
[10
15 m
olec
ule
s/cm
2/s
]
Temperature [K]
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
M=3 (HD)
M=4 (D2)
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1.0S = 1.107 – 1.127 m(VPS-W)
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 9
D in Langmuir Probes (NRA)3He+ NRA 0.69 ~ 4.0 MeV energy scan: depth info. ~ 6 µm
The amount of D in < 6 m depth was about one order of magnitude less than that of VPS-W layer.
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
s = 1.195 (VPS-W)s = 1.132 (VPS-W)
D c
once
ntra
tion
[at.%
]
Depth [m]
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
s = 1.195 (VPS-W)s = 1.132 (VPS-W)s = 1.195 (Langmuir probe 6)s = 1.132 (Langmuir probe 4)
D c
once
ntra
tion
[at.%
]
Depth [m]
0.0
1.0
2.0
1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
Are
al d
ensi
ty [1
018
D/c
m2 ]
s - coordinate [m]
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
Are
al d
ensi
ty [1
018
D/c
m2 ]
s - coordinate [m]
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 10
TDS result (D in bulk)
D in Langmuir Probes (TDS)
20 mm
Plasma-exposed surface
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
Are
al d
ensi
ty [1
018
D/c
m2 ]
s - coordinate [m]
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
Are
al d
ensi
ty [1
018
D/c
m2 ]
s - coordinate [m]
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
Langmuir probe: D, TDS
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
Langmuir probe: D, TDS
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3
Are
al d
ensi
ty [1
018
D/c
m2 ]
s - coordinate [m]
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
Langmuir probe: D, TDS
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
Langmuir probe: D, TDS
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
Langmuir probe: D, TDS
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 3 m)
VPS-W: D, NRA (< 6 m)
VPS-W: D, TDS
Langmuir probe: D, NRA (> 6m)
Langmuir probe: D, TDS
0 5 10 15
0.01
0.1
1
SIMS NRA
Depth [µm]C
once
ntra
tion
of D
[at %
]
Background level
10 -1
0
10 -2
100
5 10 15
D, NRA
D, S IM S
D, NRA
D, S IM S
0 5 10 15
0.01
0.1
1
SIMS NRA
Depth [µm]C
once
ntra
tion
of D
[at %
]
Background level
10 -1
0
10 -2
100
5 10 15
D, NRA
D, S IM S
D, NRA
D, S IM SD, NRA
D, S IM S
D, NRA
D, S IM S
Langmuir probe (Polycrystalline bulk W):
The amount of retained D was 2 order of magnitude higher than NRA data.
￫ Nonnegligible D accumulation in the bulk
Depth [mm]
D c
on
cen
tra
tion
[%
]
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 11
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026
Am
oun
t of
reta
ined
D [D
/m2 ]
Incident fluence [D/m2]
Comparison with lab-experiments
200eV D ￫ PCW (R.T.)
200eV D ￫ VPS-W (R.T.)
100%
rete
ntion
AUG outer target tiles(200m VPS-W): TDS
AUG Langmuir probes(PCW): TDS
VPS-W: A.V. Golubeva et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 837 (2006) 12PCW: O. Ogorodnikova et al., J. Appl.Phys. 103 (2008) 034902
K. Sugiyama, 9th International Workshop on Hydrogen Isotopes in Fusion Reactor Materials, Salamanca, June 2-3, 2008 12
Concluding remarks
D inventory in full-W divertor
￭ Distribution (~ 3 um in depth) on the W divertor was similar to the C distribution.
￭ D inventory in the inner divertor was dominated by codeposition with C
-> D retention in the inner divertor decreased by factor of 5 - 10 compared to full
carbon AUG due to the decrease of codeposition with C (& B in this campaign)
￭ D accumulation in VPS-W D inventory in the outer divertor
D retention in the near surface layer of VPS-W layer was higher than that of
polycrystalline W (Langmuir probe) by factor of 10 ~ 20.
D accumulation in the bulk:
￭ PVD-W (3 ~ 4 m) coated tile: good agreement with NRA data (~ 6 m)
￫ No significant D accumulation in the bulk (graphite substrate)
￭ VPS-W (200 m) coated tile: higher than NRA data (~ 6 m) by a factor of ~ 3
￭ PCW (20 mm) Langmuir probe: higher than NRA data (~ 6 m) by a factor of ~ 200
￫ Nonnegligible D accumulation in the bulk
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