ORM 2002-17

The Certification System of Textbooks in Korea

K 센 E Korea Institute of CL때

ORM 2002-17

’fhe Certi힘cation System of Textbooks in Korea

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Reviewer: Kim , Won-Myong (Chungnam Girls’ High Scho이)

Jonathan H. Davidson (Korea University)

Lee, Myung-Joon

KI놓톨 Ko때 In빼e of 빼

Contents

1. The Educational System of Korea

1. School Ladder System .“…… .. …….“…… .. …….“…… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …….“…….“…….“…….“…….“…….“…… ... ….“….μ….“…….“…….“…….“…….“이… .. ….μ….“…….“…….“…….“…….“…… .. … .. “…….“…….“…….“이 .. … .. . ….“…….“…… .. …… .. …… .. ……’”…….“…… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …….“……-“…… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …… .. …….이… .. “……’”…….“…… .. …….“ •• • • • • …… .. …… .. ….“. 1

2. Curriculum and Textbooks .…….“….“.“….“…… .. … .. … .. …… .. … .. .

II. The National Curriculum in Korea

1. Organization of the Curriculum ................ .. ...... … … •• ••••••• … .. .... .... .. .. .... 5

2. Time Allotment Standards .. ................ .. .. ... … .. .. ....... .. ... ... .. .. .... .... .. .......... 7

Contents

m. The Publication System 01 Textbooks

1. The Regulation on Textbooks … ........... ......... ..... .... ..... ... ...... ............. … 1 1

A. Chapter 1 General rules .... ....... ....... ..... .. … ………… • •••• … ••• • •••••••• • … • 11

B. Chapter 2 The Publication, certification, authorization of

coursebooks ........ ........................................................... ...................... 12

C. Chapter 3. The deliberation committee of coursebooks, etc ........ 13

D. Chapter 4. Correction and reconstruction ........... ....... .. .. ....... .......... 14

2. The Practice of Certification ............................................... ...... ........... 15

A. Books for certification .. .... ... .... .. .... ..... ... ...... ... … ........ ............ … ....... 15

B. Conforrnity of Certification ......... .. ..... ........ ...... .. ....... ...... .... .............. 16

B. Common Criteria ........... ........... ........... ..... .............................. ............ 17

3. Process of Certification & Procedure ...... ............... ..... .. ........ ........ .... .. 21

4. Selection of Textbooks .“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“ •• … •• “….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“….“… •• • ‘”….μ.“….“….“….“….“….“…‘“….“… •• ….“….“….“….“….“. ,….“, .“….“….“….“….“….“….“.,…,.“….“….“….“….“.22

'K_OTta l nstitute of Curricu!um t!J’ 'Eoa[ua뼈n

1 . The Educational System of Korea

1. School L adder System (6-3-3-4 yrs.)

The scbool ladder system, the backbone of the scb。이 education system, is a w패ed

structure relating the 며fferent scb∞1 levels. Korea adapts a 6-3-3-4 sin밍e σack system wbicb

m떠ntains a single line of scbool levels in order to insure that every citizen can receive

elementary, secondary, and tertiary education accor이ng to 비s or ber abiJity without

discrimination. The main track of the system includes six y않rs of elementary scb。이， three

y않rs of middJe scbool, three y않rs of higb scbool, and four y않rs of university education. The

bigber education institutes ∞nsist of two- or three-year junior ∞lleges， four-year universities,

and grad매a않 scbools.

2. Curriculum and T extbooks

The Education Law articuJates the goa1s and objectives of education for eacb scbo이 level,

whicb are indicative of tbe contents to be organized by scbools and teachers. To 며sure the

standard qu외ity of education, Education Law 155 prescribes the curricuJum for 않cb scbool

level and the criteria for the development of textbooks and instructiona1 materia1s. The nationa1

curricuJum and the region외 맹delines afford f1exibility for indi끼dua1 scb∞Is to apply them 피

pursuit of the cbaracteristics and 0비ectives of eacb scb∞l

π1e Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development promuJgates the nationa1

scbool curricuJurn, as designated by Article No. 23 of the Elementary and Secondary Sch。이

Education Law, in order to insure equa1 educationa1 opportunity for all by maintaining the

quality of education. The curricuJum forms the standard for the contents of education for all

school levels and forms the basis for developing textbooks.

The nationa1 curricuJum has been revised on a periodica1 basis to ref1ect the newly rising

1(orea Institute 01 Curricu{um & 'F,va{uation

demands for education, the emerging needs of a changing society, and the new frontiers of

academic disciplines. It was revised in 1997 under the principles 0 [, first, enriching elementary

and basic education; second, increasing self-directed ability; third, practicing learner-centered

education; and fourth , increasing autonomy at the local and school level.

The Seventh Curriculum, revised in 1997, defines the desired image of an educated

person as follows:

1) A person who seeks individuality as the basis for the growth of the whole

personality

2) A person who exhibits a fundamental creative capacity

3) A person who pioneers a career path within a wide spectrum of culture

4) A person who creates new value on the basis of understanding the national culture

5) A person who contributes to the development of the community on the basis of

democratic civil consciousness

The Seventh National Curriculum introduces ten basic common subjects, autonomous

activities, and special activities that cover the ten years from the first year of elementary

school through the first year of high school and elective subjects for the final two years

of higb school, which are designed to provide student choice in consideration of individual

differences in career desire and aptitude.

The new curricula were put into effect, beginning witb kindergartens, in 2000. The

application of curricula in elementary schools started with the 1 st and 2nd grades in 2000,

followed by the 3rd and 4th grades in 2001 and by the 5th and 6th grades in 2002. In

middle schools and high schools, it applied to first year students and freshmen in 2001

and in 2002 respectively.

The curriculum has become not only one of the main standards of education, but also

the basis for the development of textbooks. Textbooks and teachers ’ manuals are

developed within the framework of the national curriculum.

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lf(orea Institute 01 Curricu{um & 'Eva{uation

Misccl13nCCOUS

SChOOI

Civic School

Table 1. Korea School System

T@hnal l $r Hg | MiTi’ I ~여빼 | @양 떠앤，e C.염짧짧t 당뻐lion I l}nÎv째 Univcrsity

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High sc뼈1 I (1얘@뼈l 1찌USln띠 C~얘h∞e’‘lx Finns) Firms

Middlc School

Civic High School

Elemcntar)' schc‘’

Kindcr원"'"

Age

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~Tea ];뼈마te of Curricu{um & ’ Eνa{uation

The textbooks compiled within the framework of the curricula are classified into three types.

Textbooks of the fiISt type(national textb∞ks) are ones whose copyrights are held by the

Nψlistry of Education & Human Resources Development. The textbooks which are published

by private publishers and authorized by the Minister of Education & Human Resources

Development pe따in to the second type(certified textbooks). Textbooks of the third type

(approved textb∞ks) are recognized by the Minister of Education & Human Reso따ces

Development or city/provincial education superintendents as relevant and useful. For the

textbooks of the second and the third types, individual schools may select textbooks to best 6t

the characteristics and the needs of the students. The total number of textbooks from

kindergarten through high school, developed in compl빼ce with the seventh curriculurn revision,

is 72 1.

For kindergarten, a collection of instructional materials (12 books) for teachers has been

developed as national textbooks. The elementary school curriculum has changed from the one

textbook per su비ect rule of the past to the present practice of permitting multiple textbooks

per subject, so that a variety of national textbooks are being developed for elementary school

education.

At middle school level, textbooks for the subjects other than Korean language, Korean

history, and ethics are classified as certified textbooks, which, once they meet the national

standard for textbook certification, are to be selected by individual schools. School subjects at

the high school level are I없gely divided into ordinary subjects designed for academic high

schools and specialized subjects for vocational and other special hi방1 schools. Textbooks for

most of those ordinary su비ects apart from Korean language, Korean history, and Morals are

certified textbooks. Due to the linúted demand for speci외ized su이ects， textbooks for the

specialized subjects are being developed as national textbooks.

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X_orea Institute 01 CuTTÍcu{um & T，νa{uation

II. The National Curriculum in Korea

1. Organization of the Curriculum

ηle national curriculum comprises of the national common basic 따끼C버뼈 뻐d the high

school elective-centered curriculum.

The national common basic curriculum consists of subject matters, optional acti띠ties and

extracurrlc비ar activities. [Table 2]

1) The subject matters are divided into ten areas: Korean Language, Moral Education, Social

Studies, Mathematics, Science, Practical Arts(Technology & Home Economics), Physical

Education, Music, Fine Arts, and Foreign Language(English). However, subject matters for

grades 1 and 2 are integrated in Korean Language, Mathematics, Disciplined Life, Intelligent

Life, Pleasant Life and We Are the First Graders.

2) Optional activities are divided into su이ect matter optional activities and creative optional

actJ Vl tI es.

3) Extracurricular activities comprise of student government activities, adaptive activities,

self-development activities, social-service activities, and event activities

The high sch。이 elective-centered curriculurn consists of su이ect matters and exσacurricular

actJvl tJes.

1) ηle subject matters are divided into general subjects and specialized subjects.

(a) General su비ects consist of Korean Language, Moral Education, Social Studies, Mathematics,

Science, Technology & Home Econornics, Physical Education, Music, Fine Arts, Foreign

Languages, Chinese Characters and Classics, Mil itary Training, and free electives. [Table 3]

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'KPπa Insti야te of Curricu{um & 'Eva{uation

(b) Specialized subjects include courses of study in the areas of agric버따e， industry,

commerce, fishery & marine tr없lSportation， home economics and vocational education, science,

physical education, the 따ts， foreign languages, and intemational affairs.

2) Extrac파디C버ar activities comprise student govemment activities, adaptive activities,

self-development activities, social-service activities, and event activities.

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1(orea Institute of Curricu{um & 상a{uation

2. Time AUotment Standards

A. National Common Basic Curriculum

Table 2. National Common Basic CWTÌculum

S ~U~b~iect~s SGc ~hrao~doe~lss Elementary School Middle School High School

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Korean Korean Language Langua2g3e 238 204 204 204 170 136 136 136

210 238 Moral 34 34 34 34 68 68 34 34 Education Mathematics

170 S 120 136 (Korean Social 102 102 102 102 102 102 136 u Studies Hi story b Disciplined

68) Mathematics

Life 136 136 136 136 136 136 102 136 e 60 68 c Science 102 102 102 102 102 136 136 102 E1ective

A Practical Intelligent Life 68 68 Techn이ogy & Home Economics Courses

Arts 68 102 102 102 r 90 102 e a Physical

Pleasant Li fe 102 102 102 102 102 102 68 68 s Education

Music 180 204 68 68 68 68 68 34 34 34 Fine Arts We Are the 68 68 68 68 34 68 34 34

L(aFEnOngrgeuulagsghne)s First Graders 34 34 68 68 102 102 136 136 80

Optional 60 68 68 68 68 68 136 136 136 204 Activities Extracurricular 30 34 34 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 8units Activities Grand Total 830 850 986 986 1,088 l ‘ 088 1, 156 l ‘ 156 l ‘ 156 1.224 144units

CD The above table shows the minimum numbers of total annual instructional hours by subject and grade level (grade 1 through grade 10) during the period of the nationa l common basic education; during 34 school weeks a year.

æ For the Grade 1, the standard number of sch。이 weeks ass igned to subject matters, optiona l and extracurric비ar activities is 30. The number of instructional hours allocated to ’We Are the First

Graders’ represents the number of instructional hours in March.

@ In principle, one instructional hour covers 40 minutes for elementary schools, 45 minutes fo r middle schools, and 50 minutes for high schools. However, the school is entitled to adjust the duration of each instructional hour depending on the weather and seasonal changes, individual school situations, the developmental level of the students, the nature of learning, and so forth

@ The numbers in the co lumns of extracurriωlar activities and the annual grand total rows for the Grade 1 1 and 12 columns represent the number of units to be completed for those two years

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9(pr，μ I n.stitute of Cuπicu{um & T,va{uation

B. High School Elective-Centered Curriculum

TABLE 3. Common Su비ects

National Common Elective Course

Subject Basic Subject

General Elective Course lntensive Elective Course

Speech(4) Reading(8)

Korean Language Korean Language(8) Korean Language Li fi바4) Composition(8) Grammar(4) Literature(8)

Moral Education Moral Education(2) Ciyic Elhics(4) Elhics and Thought(4) Traditional ELh ics(4)

Geography of Korea(8) World Geography(8) Economic Geography(6) Korean Modem and

S Social Study Social Study( I 0) Human Society and Contemporary H istory(8)

(Korean History 4) Enyironment( 4) World History(8) u Law and Society(6) b Politics(8) J Econom ics( 6) e Society and Culture(8) c

Malhematics 1 (8) Mathematics JJ (8)

A Malhematics MaLhematics(8) Practical Mathematics( 4) Differentiation and

r Integration(4)

e Probability and Statistics(4)

a Discrete Mathematics(4)

s Physics 1 (4) Chem istry 1 (4) Biology 1 (4)

Science Science(6) Li fe and Science(4) Earth Science 1 (4) Physics II (6) Chemis따 n (6) Bi이O잃I JJ (6) Earth Science JJ (6)

Agricultural Science(6)

Technology & Technology & Home Information Society and Industrial Technology(6) Enterprise Management(6)

Home Economics Econom ics( 6) Com매1ψpu띠Jter(4) Ocean Science( 6) Home Science(6)

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9(prea Institute of Curricu{um & 'E:잉a{uation

π'ABLE 3 continued)

Subjects National Common

ßasic Subjects

Elective Course

General Elective Course I Intensive Elective Course

Physical Education I Physical Educat ion(4) I Gymnastics and Health(4)

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Edllcation(over 4)*

MlIsic Theory(4)

?얀~~ ................. L~떤?? -- l ??? 맺 Fi??) --…- ’ ---------_ ••• 1 Practice in Music(over 4)*

Art Theory(4) Fine Art Fine Art(2) Art and Life(4)

Practice in Art(over 4)*

Subject

Areas

Engl ish 1 (8) English II (8) English Conversation(8) English Reading

Comprehension(8) English Composition(8)

Foreign Language 1-............................................ -1-.. ;:; ............ ; .. ;:;; ................................ -1 1 1 German 1 (6) 1 German II (6)

French [ (6) 1 French II (6) Spanish 1 (6) 1 Spanish]] (6)

Chinese 1 (6) 1 Chinese II (6) Japanese 1 (6) 1 Japanese]] (6) Russian 1 (6) 1 Russian II (6) Arab ic [ (6) I Arabic 口 (6)

English(8)

Chinese Characters and Classics

Ch i nese Characters and Classics(6)

Chinese Classical(6)

Military Training Military Training(6)

Liberal Art

Philosophy(4) Logic(4)

Psychology( 4) Education( 4) Life Economy(4) Religion(4) Ecology and Environment(4) Career and Occupation( 4) Others( 4)

Total Units (56) over 24 below 12

Optional Acti vities 1 (1 2)

Extracurricular Activities (4) 8

Grand Total Units 216

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'l(prea Institute of Curricu{um & 'Eva{uation

φ The figures in parentheses are the numbers of units to be completed, and one unit means the

arnount of school learning undertaken by a 50 minute period of insσuction per week for one

semester(equivalent to 17 weeks).

(2) The number of units allocated to the national common basic courses and optional activities and 4

units for extracurricular activities are to be completed in Grade 10.

CID The in-depth prograrns of Physical Education, Music, and Fine Arts courses followed by an

asterisk(*) should be selected from such specialized su이ects as Physical Education 없d 싸1S.

@ lf an in- depth elective prog때끼 asa 타ee optional is deemed necessary, the scho이 may either

select from the specialized su이ects in Table 3 or create a new ∞urse in accordance with the

MPOE(Meπopolitan or Provincial Office of Education) φerating guidelines

1(prea 1뼈야te of Curricu{um & T.va{uation

III. The Publication System of Textbooks

1. T he R egulation on Textbooks (abridged from Presidential Statute, revised on June 25, 2002.)

A. Chapter 1 General rules

Article 2 φ야nition) Terms used this statute are as follows:

1. "Coursebooks" hereafter means textbooks and teachers’ manua1s.

2. "Textbooks" hereafter mean paper books, aud.io tapes or disks, video tapes or disks and

e1ectroni~a1 1y recorded materiaJs, etc. used for teac비ng students in school.

3. "Teachers’ manuaJs hereafter mean paper books, audio tapes and disks, video tapes and d.isks

and elecσonically recorded materials, etc. used by teachers to teach students.

4. "Nationa1 textbooks" hereafter mean the coursebooks whose copyrights belong to the Ministry

of EducatiOl1 & Human Resource Development (MEHRD).

S. "Ceπified textbooks" hereafter means the coursebooks 0댄cially certified by the Minister of

Education & Human Resource Deve10pment (EHRD).

6. "Approved textbooks" mean the coursebooks approved by the Minister of Education &

Human Resource Development in case there are no national textbooks, no certified textbooks

to study in school or supplementary textbooks are needed.

Article 3 (Choice 01 coursebooks)

CD 까1e Principa1 shou1d choose the national textbooks if any, if there is no nationa1 textbook,

he/she shouJd choose the certified ones for the students to study in the schoo1.

(2) The Principa1 shouJd present the bi ll of choosing textbooks on the agenda of the Schoo1

Management Committee to de1iberate on choosing them for students to study with

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'K..orea Institute of Curricu{um & ~va[uation

@ The superintendent or District Superintendent is able to provide the Principals of hi찌ler

district of jurisdiction with informative materials containing such characteristics of the textbooks as

the organization, contents, teaching methods, etc.

@ Superintendent or District Superintendent is able to choose the certified and approved

textbooks for newly-founded schools in spite of the 1st and 2nd Clause.

B. Chapter 2 The Publication, certification, authorization of coUJ옹ebooks

Article 4 (National textbooks)

National textbooks are to be limited to only the coursebooks certified and notified by the Minister

of EHRD.

Article 5 (publication of national textbooks)

National textbooks are to be published by the M만IRD. Yet, the Miruster of 타IRD can entrust

some Research lnstitutes or Uruversities with the publication of some national textbooks, if

necess따y.

Article 6 (Certijied textbooks)

꺼le certified textbooks are coursebooks which are chosen and notified by the minister of 타IRD

except national textbooks approved with the Article 4.

Article 9 (Methods of certification)

CD The certification of textbooks is to be processed two steps, that is to say, the 1st certification

procedure, and the 2nd ceπification procedure.

@ 꺼le m밍n purpose of the 1st certification procedure is to examine the textbooks to be

appropriate of not.

@ The 2nd ceπification procedure is mainly aimed to confirm that the authors have kept to the

required corrections and to exanune whether the corrections are proper or not.

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1(orea Institute of Curricu{um & T，νa{uation

@ 까le publishers who are asked to correct mistakes should hand in 비s opinion on the

correction to the Minister of EHRD wit비n the term, decided by the Minister of 타-IRD

Article 10 (Decision 01 cert댄:cation)

φ The tex:tbooks are deteITnined to be certified or not considering the result of the investigation

by the Minister of EHRD.

(2) If a series of more than two books are asked to be approved for one subject, and one of

them is not approved, the other book is not possible to be approved as a textbook. But if both of

the books are not re밍stered for the approval at the same time, the former is not 짧ected by the

disapproved latter.

@ If one of a textbook and teacher’s manual for one subject fails to be approved, neither of the

books can be approved.

C. Cbapte.' 3 Tbe deliberation committee of coUJ응ebooks， etc.

Artic/e 18 (Establishment of the deliberation commiftee of coursebooks)

For the purpose of deliberating the publication, certification, and authorization, M타-IRD should set

up the deliberation committees of coursebooks according to su비ects or textbooks.

Article 19 (Number 01 members 01 the committee)

Each committee consists of five board members, who are recommended or appointed among them

stated below by the Minister of EHRD:

(a) teachers

(b) expe디enced researchers working in indusσies or Research lnstitutes

(c) the officials working for educational administrations or educational research centers

(d) parents

(e) volunteers recommended by NGO

(t) others having much knowledge on the coursebooks

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~OTea Institute of Curricu{um & 'Eva{uation

Article 20 (Chairperson of the committee, etc.)

CD A chairperson and a sub-chairperson are recommended and appointed by the commissioners

of each committee.

CZ) The chairperson represents the committee, and govems 외 I the affairs of the cornmittee.

Article 21 (Conference)

CD Each committee calls a conference by the chairperson or the MÏnister of EHRD, and the

chairperson presides over the meeting.

CZ) In order to approve the submitted matteζ more than a h외f of the commissioners should

participate in the meeting, and more than half of the participants should approve it. But to certify

the subm.itted matters more than 2/3 of the commissioners should attend and ce띠앙 it.

Article 22 (Secret때

One of the 0田cials who work for M타-IRD is appointed as the secretary of each cornmittee,

whose duty is to cover general affairs of the committee.

Article 23 (Researchers)

CD For the purpose of correcting the errors of contents, expressions, spe lLings, and so on, the

committee can appoint less than three researchers per textbook.

@ η1e researchers, who are expeπs in the field are appointed, or the 0田cials working for

M타-IRD， are recommended or appointed by the MÏnister of 따-IRD.

D. Chapter 4 Correction and reconstruction

Article 26 (Correction)

CD If the MÏnister of 맘-IRD agrees to coπect the contents of the textbooks, he can correct that

of the national textbooks, and he can issue orders to publishers or authors to correct that of the

certified textbooks.

CZ) If the MÏnister of 타-IRD agrees to correct the contents of the approved textbooks, he can

order publishers or authors to correct the error of the textbooks.

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9(OTea Institute of Curricu{um & 'Eva{uation

@ Any person who has an intention to publish or issue the coursebooks shouJd keep the

notation issued by the Law of Promotion of Culture and Aπ， Article 7.

2. The Practice of Certification

A. Books for certification

T ABLE 4. Books for Certification

School levels Year of

S ubjects ccrtification Sociology l, Socio-geographic maps, Math.7-A,B, Sciencel , Technology .

7th grade 2000 home-economics l, Physical educationl , Musicl , Fine art l, Middle school English 1, Chinese characters 1, Computer, Environment

Middle Sociology2, Math.8-A,B, Science2, Technology & Home-economics2,

school 8th grade 200 1 Phys ical education2, Music2, Fine aπ2， Middle school English2, Chinese

characters2 Sociology3 , Math.9-A,B, Science3’ Technology . home-economics3,

9th grade 2002 Physical education3, Music3, Fine aπ3 ， Middle school English3, Chinese characters3 Sociology, Geographic maps, Historic maps, Math. IO-A,B, Science,

general 200 1 Technology & home-economics, Physical education, Music, Fine art, Senior high school English Korean lang. life, HlIman society & environment, Practical math.,

basic 200 1

Information society & computer, Physical edu. & health, MlIsic & li fe, electives Fine art & li fe, German 1, French 1 , Spanish 1 , Chinese 1 , Japanese 1 ,

general Russian 1 , Chinese characters

sllbjects Speech, Korean Reading, Korean composition, Korean literature( 1 ,2),

High Politics, Economics, World history, Socio-culture, World geography,

school Korean modern history, Korean geology, Econom ic geology, Law and

advanced 2002

society, Math 1 , rr , Differential & integral calculus, Physics 1 ,rr , electives Chernistry 1 , rr , Biology 1, rr , Earth science 1 ,rr , Agricultural science,

Business administration, Home science, lndustrial technology, English 1 ,rr , English conversation, English reading, English composition, Germany rr , French rr ,Spanish rr , Chinese rr , Japan않e rr , Russian rr , Chinese 미assics

Introduction of industry, Summary of BlIsiness administration, Cost

Specific subject 2001 accounts, Tax accounts, Business English, General concepts of computers, Commercial econornics, Practice of commercial calculation, Principles of account끼t ll1g

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1(orea Institute of Curricu{um & T-va{uation

B. Conformity of Certification

1) Reminders of authorship

Developing high-quality textbooks in order to help students to enlarge self-study

ability & creativity

。 The publication of textbooks considering the general concepts of the 7th national

curriculurn: Application of the aims, contents, teaching methods, and the standard of

evaluation of the new cWTicuJ um.

。 The publication of cWTicuJum-centered coursebooks.

- The pubJication of textbooks as a main teaching aid lin임ng national clllTÌcuJ um and

school cUITÌcuJ um

- The publication of textbooks focusing on the teaching-Iearning procedure

- The pubJication of textbooks reflecting a multi-Ieveled clllTÌcuJum

。 The publication of various textbooks with hjgh quality

- The contents of textbooks enable students to extend their power of thoughts, and

exploration.

- The publication of textbooks wruch are easy, interesting, kind, and comfortable to use.

。 The publication of textbooks in order to research and develop

- Textbooks 싫jthful to the basic research

- ηle diversification of teacrung-learning aides

- The publication of usefuJ textbooks written by teachers

- The publication of textbooks focusing on self-study

- The contents of textbooks with fle잉biliη and adaptability

2) The Criteria of certification

The standard of certification for textbooks is composed of a common criterion and a su비ect

criterion, that is, textbooks and teacher’s manuals, and each criterion consists of the field of

investigation 뻐d its follow-up point of view with the consideration of the 7th clllTÌcuJum

which are officially publicized by M타fRD.

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xprea Institute of Curricu{um & 'Eva{uation

’Common criteria' contains general mlmmW11 criteria which are applicable to all the

coursebooks and indicates the law systems of Korea, the general notions of the curriculW11,

some cautions for writing coursebooks, and other related bases. The textbook fails to be

certified, if only one item of the common criteria is approved "vi이ated".

’Subject criteria’ is made up of 6 fields, such as, keeping the curriculum, selecting and

organizing contents, teaching-Ie앙ning methods, evaluation, expressions & spell i.ng, edi띠19， outer

features, ori밍nality. As the field of originality is i.ncluded, the newly-certifíed textbooks sho비d

gain good reputa디ons， compared with the old ones. Teacher'’s manuals contain 7 fields ,such as,

curriculum, textbook gujde, system of structure, teaching-Ieaming methods, evaluation, use and

gujdance of teaching aids, expressions-spelling, the system of edition, and origi.nality.

(1) Common Criteria

T ABLE 5. Common Criteria

Areas of inspection Viewpoints of inspection

1. Are there any contents of textbooks which deny or criticize badly

1. Agreement of the the system of Korean Government? 2. Are there any contents of the textbooks which publicize, criticize, or

Constitution adore peculiar states, religions, groups, and classes, exaggeratedly, or unfairly?

II. Agreement of the

Educational basic law, 3. Are there any contents of the textbooks which violate the discipline of education and educational aims?

and curriculum

rn. Violation of the 4. Are there any contents of the textbooks which are copied

copyright unpublished or never publicized books or documents without authors'

permission or modifted them much?

1V. Universality and 5. Are there any writer’s personal pr런 udice， scholastic errors, or

validity of contents of unproved opinions?

the textbooks

※ If only one of the area items mentioned above is agreed, the textbook will not be approved

17

fJ(0πa Ins뼈te 01 Curricu{um & 'Eν'a{uation

(2) Subject C꺼te꺼a: Common Criteria of Textbooks

TABLE 6. Su비ect Criteria Common Criteria of Textbooks

Areas of ins야ction Viewpoints of inspection

1 . Observance of 1. Are the characteristics, aims, contents, teaching methods, evaluation curriculum properly applied?

2. Are the level of the contents, boundaries, matching well to the characteristics of the student of the year and a퓨i liated students?

3. Are any errors or prejudice included in the textbooks?

4. Are there any contents which not only scold or perve다 some people, . sex, district, goods, but also support, respect them, badly, unfairly, and fa lsely?

II. Selection & 5. Are study materials of general su이ect properly reflected on the contents construction of of the textbooks, for example, democratic people, anti-corruption, contents desirable personali ty, environment, economics, energy, promotion of

labor, health, safety, sexuality, vocation, unification, national identity, consumer’s, international mutual understanding, marine, ICT, Netiquette, understanding the disabled, equality of both sexes, disaster prevention, and tourism education?

6. Are the students provided proper quantity of studying materials, which are composed to cover different levels of students in a class?

7. Are appropriate teaching-Iearning methods presented in order to achieve

m. Teaching-the educational goal?

8. Are c이 lecting， analyzing, utilizing the information and materials properly learning

presented for educational activities? methods

9. Are appropriate educational ways of appraisals and homework assignrnents presented coincident with the obiectives, contents and teaching methods?

10. Is Korean language written correctly according to ’Korean Grammar’, N. Expressions ‘The Rules of Korean Standard Language'? 00 foreign loan words

and spe뻐ng keep ’The spelling rules of Foreign Loan Words' and ’The

Romanization of Korean words'?

11 . Are the format of the textbooks, pages, colors, etc., which are

presented the reminders of outer shape of textbooks, properly reflected? V. Edit and outer 12. Is the design of edition of the textbook creative, and each page divided

systems effectively? 13. Are the photographies and pictures inserted in the textbooks clear and

distinct, and match well to the contents of the textbook?

14. ls the textbook composed with originali ty and educational contents? VI.O꺼ginality

15. Is the teaching-Iearning procedure creative?

18

~OTea Institute of Curric.u{um & 'Eva{uation

(3) Subject Criteria: Common Criteria of Teacher’s Manuals

TABLE 7. Subject Criteria: Common Criteria of Teacher's ManuaJs

Areas of Viewpoints of inspection

inspection

1. Are the cllrriculllm explai ned faithfully? Is the new trends of the curricula

introduced?

2. Are teaching-Iearning methods and the ways of evaluation presented

1. Guidance of according to the sllbj ect?

Curriculum

and textbooks 3. Are the destination and the system of textbook publication, contents of

teacher’s manllals and its lIse, annual teaching plans, etc. presented?

4. Are the management of curriculum and the flexible way to use the

textbooks presented?

5. Are the general remarks, particlllars, sllpp lement, etc. properly organized

consideri ng comfort?

n. System of 6. Is each lesson composed systematically in order to teach stlldents

construction effectively?

7. Are teaching materials necessary for advanced and supplementary classes,

or mu lti-Ieveled teaching-Iearning, and suitable teaching plans presented?

8. Are various teaching-learning methods presented in order to have students

interested and pay attention to study?

m. Teaching- 9. Are suitable teaching-Iearning activities presented consideri ng the objectives

leaming of the lesson, learn ing materials, contents?

methods

10. Are the criteria of evaluation presented in coincidence with the teaching-

learning ai ms and methods? Are there any concrete examples showed?

19

IJ(prea Institute of Cuπicu{um & 'Eνa{uation

π'ABLE 7: continued)

Areas of

inspection Viewpoints of inspection

1 1. Are there any new references 什om inland or oversea presented in detail ,

which can be helpful for the study on teaching-Iearning procedure and N. Use and subjects?

introduction

of materiaIs 12. Are various references regarding the contents, teaching aides such as

Multimedia, etc. and the way to use them presented? Are the sources of

the references made clear?

v. Expπ!SSions 13. Does the textbook observe ‘Korean orthography', ‘The rules of Standard

of Korean language', ‘The way of spelling of foreign language’, &spe뻐ng

‘Romanization of Korean language’?

VI. Editing 14. Does the publication format of the book creative? Is each page of the

system book utilized efficiently?

V1I. Originality 15. Did the writers select original materials to edit and publish the book

creatively?

20

1(prea 1뼈tute 01 Curricu{um (1}’ 'Eva{uation

3. Process of Certification & Procedure

Ministry of Education & Human Resources Developtment

Publicity of curriculllm

9 Establishment of basic certification plan

옵 Publicity of certification

Oecis ion of gllide to writing

Oecis ion of certi fication criteria

I각::>

Recommending commissioner 1 <느그

용 Appointment of commissioner

Organization of certification commiltee

uncertified

Finish <::::느그

confonned

ReinspectÎon 〈二느그

9 늑준느~ Finish

KICE

Registering to be certi fied

G

Recommending researcher, commissioner

9 lnspect ing of content errors

9 1 st inspection

9 Oemand for correction

9 2nd inspeclion of texlbooks

9 Publicity of certified textbooks

21

~Tta Institute of Cuπicu{um & ’ 'Eva{uation

4. Selection of Textbooks

’πJe selection of textbooks' means to choose a textbook for each su에ect among the

certified or the approved textbooks according to the curriculum of the school in order to study

in class.

Teachers of the su이ect and students’ parents cal1 have an influence 011 choosing a textbook,

because there are School Management Comrnittees as well as teachers’ associations at each

school.

So as to choose a coursebook, each school should observe ‘the Regulations on the

coursebooks,’ Article 3, which says "If there is a national textbook, each school should choose

it. If there is no national textbook, each school shou삐 choose a textbook of the subject

among ce띠fied textbooks", 깨ou맹 there is no rules or regulations on the selection of

textbooks for most of the schools except the newly-founded, they receive official documents

containing the list of textbooks from the City or Provincial Office of Education before new

semester starts. And then each school organizes ’The Coursebook Selection Commjttee' to

choose textbooks of next semester very 삶irly.

Before the new c따ric버버n is applied to school, the Minister of 타IRD should ce띠fY or

approve the textbooks and distribute every ceπified and approved textbook to schools one by

one to display at schoo l. The principal of each school is in charge of choosing the textbooks

with the help of teachers and the approval of comrnissioners of School Management

Comrnittee.

22

ORM 2002-17

The Certification System of Textbooks in Korea

Copyright (Ç) 2002 Published by Lee Jong-Seung Korea lnstitute of Curriculwn & Evaluation

25-1 , Samchung-dong, Jongno-gu Seoul, 110-230 Tel: +82-2-3704-3704 Fax: +82-2-3704-3580 http:νwww.kice.re.kr

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KI얻톨 함국교육과정멍가원 25-1 , Samchung-dong, Jongno-gu Seoul , 110-230, Republic of Korea Tel.+82-2-3704-3704, Fax.+82-2-3704-3550 http://www.kice.re.kr