k Inners Ley

8/12/2019 k Inners Ley

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Annotated Bibliography: ICT Use In Primary And Secondary

Schools, India

By Mark Kinnersley

ebsites

1. http://www.akshoptifibre.com (accessed 9thFebruary 2005)

A aa!ysis of the "ramdoot pro#ects which co$ers the etire %istrict of &aipur i'a#astha ad pro$ides road ad er$ices to *00+ "ram ,achayats. A kioske-uipped with a computer priter webcamera ad two fibres used for A adA3 ser$ices are maa4ed by a computer !iterate $i!!a4er. he ob#ecti$e of the

pro#ect is to empower 4ir!s ad wome i rura! dia offeri4 educatio from a

primary !e$e! usi4 resources such as the iteret. he pro#ect is a re$o!utioarycocept i that it seeks to use ad pro$ide roadbad ser$ices to the $i!!a4ers ataffordab!e cost so that pre$ious!y mar4ia!ised 4ir!s ca 4ai access to educatio.

2. http://www.ciet.ic.i/etissues.htm! (accessed 16th February 2005)

A re$iew by %r 'ai of the partership ic!udi4 the etra! stitute of 7ducatioecho!o4y (7) bri4i4 formatio echo!o4y () ito the dia educatiosystem. ,s ad the iteret $ideo ad radio wi!! be itroduced ito secodaryeducatio. eachers i the tar4et schoo!s throu4hout dia wi!! be traied icommuicatio with studets system istructio maa4emet of resources adio$ati$e teachi4 e.4. 3 ad $ideo !eari4. he etra! oard of ecodary7ducatio i %e!hi is resposib!e for esuri4 that the ma#or cocer of a !ack ofteacher commitmet ad techo!o4y awareess is met so imp!emetatio is of a hi4hstadard.

6. http://www.commiit.com/e8perices/pdskd$112002/e8perieces961.htm!(accessed 12th February 2005)

A e$a!uatio of the utterf!ies roadcasti4 hi!dre ,ro#ect which was set up iarch 2000 to eab!e poor ad impo$erished chi!dre i ew %e!hi to raise

awareess of their eeds ad 4ai educatio. he chi!dre were tau4ht i team workaccuracy of commuicatio time maa4emet ad the use of miidiscs ibroadcasti4 a radio pro4ramme. hese chi!dre were betwee the a4es of ; ad 1s ?yderabad fie!d office i cooperatio with the tate "o$ermets ofAdhra ,radesh ad @arataka has iitiated the isu amrakshak pro#ect. ith the

support of oBptios echo!o4ies s are used for ear!y chi!dhood de$e!opmet.he pro#ect pro$ides iformatio o the stadard of #ob traii4 ad frot!ie support
http://www.akshoptifibre.com/http://www.ciet.nic.in/etissues.htmlhttp://www.comminit.com/experinces/pdskdv112002/experiences-931.htmlhttp://www.cooptionstech.com/sisusamrakshak.htmhttp://www.akshoptifibre.com/http://www.ciet.nic.in/etissues.htmlhttp://www.comminit.com/experinces/pdskdv112002/experiences-931.htmlhttp://www.cooptionstech.com/sisusamrakshak.htm


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for teachers i primary ad secodary educatio. A !ik has bee assumed betweeeducatio ad the stadard of !i$i4. herefore the aim of the pro#ect is to impro$e thestadard of educatio throu4hout the re!e$at tates usi4 s with the be!ief thatthis wi!! impro$e the -ua!ity of !ife ad techo!o4y access i this re4io of dia.

5. http://www.crysta!e!eari4.et/e16* iitia!!y set up for the three year period from 2002 to 2005withi dia. he ob#ecti$es of the scheme were to set up a eeari4 competececetre set up a ser$ice etwork for tutors ad teachers i schoo!s ad to esure thata!! traii4 products ad or4aisatioa! strate4ies ca be reused for E fuded

pro#ects. t is the hoped that the teacher>s commuicatio ad presetatio ski!!s aswe!! as the e8periece ad basic uderstadi4 of computer techo!o4y ca be passedo for the beefit of schoo! chi!dre i dia ad =4ada.

. http://www.datamatiofoudatio.or4/www.uesco.or4 (accessed 15th February2005)

'e$iew of a pro4ramme o eradicatio of po$erty etit!ed D7mpoweri4 the=derpri$i!e4ed throu4h the use of s> set up i abu!u!madarasa !ocated i aus!im 4hetto i orther %e!hi. his is a e8treme e8amp!e where o$er 0G of4ir!s drop out of educatio ad are forced to remai i the house for the etirety oftheir !i$es u!ess 4i$e the permissio of a ma. A cetre has bee set up offeri4couse!!i4 mu!timedia traii4 ad !eari4 opportuities o computers tocompesate for missed primary ad secodary educatio where empoweri4 4ir!s toretur to schoo! is ot a feasib!e optio.

;. www.datamatiofoudatio.or4/ictG2;sG20forG20de$e!opmet.pdf (accessed16thFebruary 2005)

A re$iew of the ommuity formatio etres () pro#ect which has bee

#oit!y imp!emeted i the ei4ht orth7aster states of dia by. he ob#ecti$e of thepro#ect is to brid4e the di4ita! di$ide betwee maistream dia ad the traditioa!!ybackward orth7aster tates throu4h . omputer educatio ad traii4 iemai! ad iteret access is offered to may of the !oca! primary ad secodary schoo!chi!dre to impro$e their access to resources. B!ie sy!!abus access teachi4 ade8amiatio is a!so offered to studets bri4i4 simi!ar educatioa! opportuities irura! dia to those offered urba areas.


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(sa4ams) ha$i4 a tota! membership of ear!y *000 wome i ;5 $i!!a4es. hey ha$eset up a commuity radio statio i achoor $i!!a4e which seeks to ser$e !oca!iformatio eeds of the re4io ic!udi4 4eder #ustice. ay wome across rura!dia are depri$ed the opportuity to comp!ete primary ad secodary educatio.%% radio iforms you4 4ir!s of how ad where they ca 4et educated as we!! as

pro$idi4 teachi4 $ia the radio i order to compesate for what they are missi4 outo.

9. http://www.di4ita!opportuity.or4/artic!e/$iew/100 computer pro4ramme ru by Aptech (sice 1999)offeri4 traii4. tudets are tau4ht computer ad iteret ski!!s i a way that wi!!

beefit their schoo!i4 with &uior ad more ad$aced 3idya traii4 o offer.650000 studets ha$e bee traied i dia i the may cetres that are free forstudets to $isit from ;am to s aim was to faci!itate the use of techo!o4y fortrasactios ad commuicatio o a !oca!ised itraet system betwee $i!!a4es ad a
http://www.digitalopportunity.org/article/view/100883/1/http://www.digitaldivident.org/pdf/vidya.pdfhttp://dhan.org/http://www.drishtee.com/nd/content/a1.asphttp://www.digitalopportunity.org/article/view/100883/1/http://www.digitaldivident.org/pdf/vidya.pdfhttp://dhan.org/http://www.drishtee.com/nd/content/a1.asp


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district cetre. omputers were used as the machiery of educatio with cyber accessbei4 used to a!!ow studets ad teachers to 4ai access to resources ad sy!!abusmateria!. he %rishtee iitiati$e has show 4reat success i o$era!! commuityempowermet throu4h techo!o4y but has ot bee especia!!y io$ati$e i itssupport of rura! educatio.

16. http://www.ecoomictimes.idiatimes.com/artic!esshow/msid9 (s) offer both pri$ate ad 4o$ermetser$ices i educatio ad other rura! ser$ice re-uiremets. he system aims to de!i$eracti$ities to a eab!ed e$iromet usi4 a easi!y rep!icated system but at face

!e$e! the system appears too broad to ha$e created ay sufficiet impro$emet toeducatio i rura! dia.

1*. http://www.eescobkk.or4/educatio/ict/$2/detai!.aspIidJ1*116 (accessed 19th&auary 2005)

A aa!ysis of the D i choo!s> 4o$ermet iitiati$e i dia. he aim of theiitiati$e is to pro$ide e-ua! opportuities to schoo! studets i rura! areas ad icities. his is achie$ed by promoti4 the usa4e of especia!!y i ?i4herecodary ad ecodary educatio choo!s i rura! areas. eachi4 ad !eari4 ski!!s ca be used to erich the e8isti4 curricu!um whi!e promoti4 critica! adaa!ytica! ski!!s amo4st studets. As a resu!t is used to pro$ide a bettereducatio system i the tar4et re4ios throu4hout dia.

15. http://www.firstmoday.or4/issues/issue;C10/press/ide8.htm! (accessed 1;thFebruary 2005)

his artic!e offers a critica! aa!ysis of the iteret ad te!ecommuicatios i diaad hia maki4 comparisos betwee the approaches take i the 2 coutries.

ei4 the secod most popu!ated coutry i the wor!d the iteret rea!!y is put to thetest i dia de$e!opmet but key restrictios are oted. B!y 200000 ,s area$ai!ab!e i educatio ad iteret co$era4e i secodary educatio is $ery poorfai!i4 to take off at a substatia! rate o$er the !ast 5 years. !!iteracy a !ack of 74!ishspeaki4 studets ad a 69G ero!met rate i secodary schoo!s a!so make usi4 theiteret ad ,s $ery difficu!t whe they most!y operate i 74!ish te8t.

1. http://www.4ederawards.et/wiers/abaa.shtm! (accessed 16th February2005)

A e$a!uatio of the abaa formatio etwork cocei$ed by a @o!katta based"B for the rura! wome of est e4a!. he etwork aims to empower wome
http://www.economictimes.indiatimes.com/articlesshow/msid-980744,prtpage-1.cmshttp://www.economictimes.indiatimes.com/articlesshow/msid-980744,prtpage-1.cmshttp://www.enescobkk.org/education/ict/v2/detail.asp?id=14113http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_10/press/index.htmlhttp://www.genderawards.net/winners/nabanna.shtmlhttp://www.economictimes.indiatimes.com/articlesshow/msid-980744,prtpage-1.cmshttp://www.economictimes.indiatimes.com/articlesshow/msid-980744,prtpage-1.cmshttp://www.enescobkk.org/education/ict/v2/detail.asp?id=14113http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_10/press/index.htmlhttp://www.genderawards.net/winners/nabanna.shtml


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throu4h s icreasi4 their educatio opportuities ad therefore theiremp!oyabi!ity fo!!owi4 their comp!etio of primary ad secodary schoo!. hey ha$ea!so bee tau4ht $ocatioa! ski!!s re!ati4 to word processi4 ad desktop pub!ishi4app!icatios 4i$i4 them the future emp!oymet opportuities that they are oftedeied i rura! dia. As a resu!t the pro#ect was awarded the "eder ad s award

coicidi4 with the or!d ummit o formatio ociety () by the "!oba!@ow!ed4e ,artership ("@,).

1;. http://www.4!oba!!eari4.de/4!ear.com

his site offers a aa!ysis of the trasformatio of dia educatio throu4h the etad . he 4o$ermet atioa! ask Force i dia ha$e set a tar4et of reachi4100G !iteracy i a!! secodary schoo!s by 201*. As a resu!t dia has cotiued to

promote web!eari4 throu4h the 4o$ermet ad o 4o$ermeta! or4aisatios("Bs) with a 4rowi4 umber of o!ie !eari4 opportuities o offer throu4h the!ikes of "B=. ay !oca!ised pro#ects are a!so discussed ic!udi4 the aharastra

dustria! ad echica! osu!tacy er$ice (B) with !eari4 opportuitiesi arathi for o$er ;500 studets.

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ki!ometre had a ri4ht to demad ad 4et oe withi 90 days. he use of iimp!emeti4 these primary schoo!s i$o!$ed ewspapers !eaf!ets ad mobi!e phoesad trasport for commuicatio betwee re!e$at 4roups.

21. http://www.mssrf.or4 (accessed 2;th&auary 2005)

,ro$ides detai!s of the heai based .. wamiatha 'esearch Foudatio('F) ad its formatio 3i!!a4e 'esearch ,ro#ect (3',) set up i 10 $i!!a4esaroud ,odicherry. he pro#ect offers support ad ser$ices i educatio whereteret 'adio ad 7ducatioa! stitutios based ommuity 'adio is used by !oca!

primary ad secodary schoo!s as !eari4 resources. 7ducatioa! %s ha$e a!so beedep!oyed i the pro#ect sites as we!! as software for rui4 $arious educatioa!app!icatios i the !oca! !a4ua4e of ami!. his pro#ect has bee o4oi4 sice 199


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25. http://www.picopeta.com/showcase/educatio.php (accessed 1;th February 2005)

his site offers a critica! re$iew of ,icopeta>s hhatttis4arh ,ro#ect which aimed totake forward ad de$e!op a way of itroduci4 techo!o4y to schoo! educatio i

dia whi!e o$ercomi4 the usua! prob!ems of hi4h cost ad computer traii4. hepro#ect is successfu! i that it traied teachers first so that they cou!d maa4e the useof techo!o4y re!e$at to the sy!!abus. ,ro4rammes were the desi4ed to teachchi!dre how to use imputers which are hadhe!d computers that are pro4rammedthrou4h a mai statio that the teachers cotro!. ,roacti$e !eari4 pro$ed $erysuccessfu! for the studets whi!e the imputers were accessib!e for other !oca!studets after schoo! hours therefore a!!owi4 efficiet use of the resource.

Books and !o"rnals

2. ,ress . et a!. (199 which created apartership betwee the 4o$ermet ad the pri$ate sector. omputers ad icreasediteret co$era4e were offered to schoo!s whi!e oe comp!ete!y ew schoo! was bui!twith resources ad a hi4h !e$e! of techo!o4ica! e-uipmet. he aim of this was toicrease the !ik betwee computer ski!!s i secodary educatio ad those 4oi4 oto study at hi4her educatio i estab!ishmets such as the ew =i$ersity. hesystem e4!ects the eeds of the studets ad teachers whi!e bei4 domiated by the

pri$ate sector ad a dri$e for ecoomic 4rowth i dia>s hi4h tech idustries.

2;. 'udo!ph . ad 'udo!ph . (19;2) 7ducatio ad po!itics i dia. B8ford=i$ersity ,ress. %e!hi.

his te8t offers a isi4ht ito the dia educatio system ad the po!itics withiwhich it operates. dia educatio post 19*; ad the coutry>s idepedece is sti!!market by the pri$ate upper c!ass educatio system itroduced uder ritish co!oia!ru!e. here is a eed for teachi4 ad techica! educatio to be socia!!y mobi!ethrou4hout society i order to reach the mar4ia!ised 4roups ad offer educatio to a!!.

formatio commuicatio techo!o4ies are howe$er c!ear!y missi4 from dia>seducatio system ito the ear!y 19;0s especia!!y away from the upper c!ass istitutes.

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29. o!cott ,. ad "oodma . (2002) s he 7!ephat eari4 o %aceI hediffusio of the iteret i the 'epub!ic of dia.

his paper offers a re$iew of iteret co$er ad access i dia a coutry with ear!y;00000 peop!e !i$i4 i rura! areas. he 4o$ermet has bee $ery s!ow to embrace

pri$atisatio of te!ecommuicatios howe$er sie the ew dustria! ,o!icy (,) i1991 markets ha$e shaped the coutry. Access cost ad usabi!ity are the mai issuesraised with ,s ad the iteret but i educatio support is !ar4e!y restricted toui$ersities. he 4o$ermet ha$e made c!aims that they wou!d pro$ide a!! secodaryschoo!s with iteret access ad ,s by 2006 but this has ot bee fu!fi!!ed aseducatio cotiues to be e4!ected away from the urba hubs.

his artic!e e8p!ores the icrease i the use of i educatio pro4rammesudertake by pioeeri4 states i dia such as @era!a. the presece of !oweri4costs ad icreasi4 a$ai!abi!ity i techo!o4ica! ifrastructure educatioa!iitiati$es ha$e bee udertake i 1* states. he eed to produce re!e$at software ithe !oca! !a4ua4e as we!! as to maitai cu!ture ad !oca!e specific strate4ies is

paramout to success. ith a focus o the perspecti$e for @era!a the artic!edraws o the fai!i4s i pro#ect imp!emetatio areas such as cotet ifrastructurecosts ad a !ack of o$era!! ite4ratio of pro#ects withi the wider educatioa!setup i schoo!s.

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