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KINGDOM FUNGIPacket #66
Chapter #31
CHARACTERISTICS
Considered as the “kingdom of lower plants
Heterotrophic eukaryotes Unicellular or multicellular Body composed of hyphae that form
from tangled masses that infiltrate food or habitat
Cell walls composed of chitin.
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ECOLOGICAL ROLE Decomposers
Fungal enzymes destroy many grains and other stored goods and building materials, and cause many diseases in animals and plants
Responsible for much spoilage and crop loss
Organisms live as parasites, symbionts or saphrophytes Some may be pathogenic to humans and plants because
they release poisonous toxins Fungi provide beverages and food
Yeast is used in the making of bread and alcoholic beverages Used in the production of cheese Many basidiomycete and ascomycete fruiting bodies are eaten
as “mushrooms”
Used in the production of industrial chemicals or antibiotics
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FUNGI AS PATHOGENS IN ANIMALS
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Superficial Mycoses (Animals) Ring worm
Caused by Tinea nigra Subcutaneous Mycoses
(Animals) Lesions that appear at
the site of inoculation/infection
Aflatoxins, produced by some species of Aspergillus, are potent carcinogens Often grow on peanut
and corn products May cause liver damage
FUNGI AS PATHOGENS IN PLANTS
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Claviceps purpurea infects rye and other cereal plants, forming an ergot, which contain toxins, including lysergic acid Consumption of bread
contaminated by ergot causes ergotism, which caused many deaths during the Middle Ages
Some compounds of ergot are now used to treat
FUNGI AS PATHOGENS II
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Plant diseases, caused by fungi that commonly spread rapidly, can cause complete crop failure Plants may be infected
when hyphae enter through stomata, or wounds or by dissolving away the cuticle with cutinase (an enzyme)
Haustoria, specialized hyphae, penetrate plant cells and absorb nutrients
FUNGI AS DECOMPOSERS
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Phylum Zygomycota Bread mold
FUNGI AS FOOD
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May be used by insects and other small animals as food Many mushrooms
are harmful to humans For more pictures
view http://www.richard-seaman.com/fungi
KINGDOM FUNGIDIVISION ASCOMYCOTA
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YEAST—FOOD PRODUCTIONSACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
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Phylum Ascomycota Yeasts
PATHOGENIC YEASTSCRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
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ANTIBIOTICS & VITAMINS
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Source of antibiotics Penicillin
Penicillium notatum Cephalosporin (an
antibiotic), cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant) and statins (lower cholesterol) are important drugs derived from fungi.
Source of vitamins and enzymes.
