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KinesiologyFES 4 th ed
Chapter 8 – Joints p. 234Red - Quiz
Class 4: Joints of Upper &Lower Body TG
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Articulations of the Skull
• Sutures• Temporomandibular joint• Atlanto-occipital joint
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SuturesSynarthrotic,fibrous joints
CoronalSagittalLambdoidalSquamous
Squamoussuture betweenparietals and
temporal bones
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Sutures of the SkullPalpation p. 254
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Temporomandibular JointBetween mandible andtemporal bones
Strongest jointof bodyBiarticular jointsince it has 2
joint cavitiesPalpation p. 254
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Temporomandibular Ligaments
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Atlanto-Occipital Joint
(Occiput & C1/Atlas)
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Articulations of Vertebral Column• Atlantoaxial joint•
Intervertebral disk joints• Zygopophyseal joints• Lumbosacral joint• Sacrococcygeal joint• Costospinal or Costovertebral joint• Supraspinatus & Interspinous ligaments• Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments
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Atlantoaxial joint: C1/Atlas & C2/AxisD-Pivot
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Intervertebral disk joints Between adjacentvertebra from C2 toL5
A - Symphysis
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Zygopophyseal joints
AKA Facet jointsBetween superior
and inferiorarticulating facetsof adjacentvertebraeD - Gliding
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Sacrococcygeal JointA – symphysisIn someindividuals it is a
Diathrotic jointcapable of anterior& posteriormovements
Palpation of spinalbony landmarks p.266
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Costospinal or Costovertebral Joints
D – GlidingPalpation p. 269
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Spinal Ligaments p. 206
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Spinal Ligaments Nuchal Ligament-thickregion of supraspinousligament in cervical region
Anterior & PosteriorLongitudinal
Anterior prevents
hyperextension ofspinePosterior preventshyperflexion of
spine
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Articulations of the Thorax• Manubriosternal joint• Manubriocostal joint• Sternocostal joint• Sternoclavicular joint• Sternoclavicular & Interclavicularligaments• Costoclavicular joints
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Manubriocostal Joint(Manubrium & Costal cartilage of rib pair 1)
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Sternocostal Joints (Costochrondal &Chondrosternal Joints) p. 237
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Sternocostal Joints
Costochrondal Chondrosternal
Costal cartilage
with rib pairs1-7
Costal cartilage
with sternum
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Sternoclavicular Joint
Clavicle withmanubrium ofsternum
Palpation p. 256
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Sternoclavicular LigamentsCostoclavicular Joint
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Articulations of the Shoulder• Acromioclavicular joint & ligaments• Glenohumeral joint & ligaments• Bursas of shoulder• Scapulocostal junction
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Acromioclavicular Joint & Ligaments
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Acromioclavicular Joint Types
Diathrotic Synarthrotic
Some
individuals havea gliding jointSometimes this
joint can befused
Some have
fibrocartilagehere
Palpation p. 256
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Glenohumeral JointTechnical name forthe shoulder jointBetween head of
humerus & glenoidfossa of scapulaMost mobile joint in
bodyPalpation p. 256
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Ligaments of Glenohumeral orShoulder Joint
Tendons of theRotator Cuffmuscles also canact as ligaments tohelp stabilizeglenohumeral joint
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Coracohumeral LigamentBetween coracoid process of scapulaand greater and lesser tubercles ofhumerus
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Scapulocostal or ScapulothoracicJunction
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Scapulocostal or ScapulothoracicJunction
Not a true joint since scapula doesn’thave bone to bone contact with ribsActs as a functional joint in its
movement of scapula across ribcageBox 8-3 p. 256
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Articulations of the Elbow
• Ulnohumeral joint• Radiohumeral joint• Ligaments of elbow•
Radioulnar joints
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ElbowElbow is one of the few places with a hardend feel and an anatomical barrierHyperextension is possible for thoseindividuals with a small olecranon processor a large olecranon fossaPalpation p. 258
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Ulnohumeral joint
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Radiohumeral Joint
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Ligaments of Elbow
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Middle Radioulnar JointSynarthrotic – Syndesmosis
joint
Interosseousmembranebetween radius
and ulnar
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Articulations of the Wrist & Hand
• Radiocarpal joint & ligaments• Carpoulnar joint• Carpal joints & ligaments• Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints• Joints of thumb & fingers
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Radiocarpal Joint
Diathrotic – condyloid orellipsoid joint
Palpation p. 259
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Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
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Carpoulnar Joint
Ulna with 2carpals:
Lunate
Triquetrum
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Carpal Joints
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Transverse Carpal Ligament orFlexor retinaculum
Forms the carpaltunnel andcovers tendons
of the wristflexors
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Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints
Betweenmetacarpals II-IV
and carpalsD- glidingPalpation p. 259
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Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joints
D - Saddle jointof thumb
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Ligaments
Anterior &posterioroblique
ligaments
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Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joint ofThumb
Joint betweenmetacarpal andproximal
phalange
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Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints
Joints betweenmetacarpals II – Vand proximal
phalangesPalpation p. 259
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Interphalangeal (IP) Joints
Fi J i
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Finger JointsPalpation p. 259
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Articulations of the Pelvis• Sacroiliac (SI) joint• Ligaments of SI joint• Os Coxae• Pubic symphysis & ligaments• Acetabulofemoral joint & ligaments
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Sacroiliac (SI) Joint
Allows movementin side-lyingfigure 8 patternIf joint can’tmove, sacrallumbar junctioncompensateswhich puts strainon the spinePalpation p. 262
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Ligaments of SI Joint
Anterior SacroiliacPosterior sacroiliac, Sacro-tuberous & Sacrospinous
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Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament
Pelvic ligamentsrelax during awoman’s
menstrual cycleand especiallyduringpregnancy
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Os Coxae
AKA Innominatebones and Coxalbones
Fused union ofilium, ischiumand pubis
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Pubic Symphysis
Amphiarthrotic – symphysis
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Pubic Symphysis
Allows for independent movement ofboth sides of pelvis which isimportant in walkingMotion of joint is important duringpregnancy and delivery.Stability of this joint is important. Ifmisaligned, many postural and softtissue problems can result.Palpation p. 262
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Superior Pubic & Arcuate Pubic Ligaments
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Acetabulofemoral (Hip) Joint
Acetabulofemoral (Hip) Joint
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Acetabulofemoral (Hip) Joint
Acetabulum is technical name forsocket of hip jointPalpation p. 260Pelvis can move on thigh if thigh isfixed which is called anterior tilt andincreases lordosis of lumbar spine.Posterior pelvic tilt is in opposite
direction and lessens lordosis.Pelvis can elevate, depress, and rotateto the right and left .
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Pelvic Tilt
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Labrum & Ligaments of Hip• Ileofemoral ligament• Ischiofemoral ligament• Pubofemoral ligament• Ligamentum teres
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Labrum
Fibrocartilaginousring attached toedge ofacetabulumReinforced bytransverseligament
Helps keep head offemur in socket
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Ileofemoral Ligament
AKA the Y ligamentdue to shape of anupside down Y
One of strongest &thickest ligamentsof body
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Ileofemoral Ligament
Limits extension of thigh at hip jointLimits posterior tilt of pelvis at hip
joint
P b f l & I hi f l
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Pubofemoral & IschiofemoralLigaments
Pubofemoral & Ischiofemoral
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Pubofemoral & IschiofemoralLigaments
Ischiofemoral PubofemoralLimits medialrotation of the
thigh at the hip jointLimits extension ofthe thighLimits ipsilateralrotation of thepelvis
Limits abductionand extreme
extension of hipLimits depression(lateral tilt) ofipsilateral hip joint
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Ligamentum Teres
Ligament ofhead of thefemur
Helps keephead of femurin socket
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Articulations of the Knee • Tibiofemoral or femorotibial joint• Meniscus & ligaments• Bursas of the knee• Tibiofibular joint
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Tibiofemoral (femorotibial) joint
Between femur andtibiaPalpation p. 262
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Tibiofemoral (femorotibial) joint
Sexual differences:Men: acetabulum is located directlyabove knee which allows for even
weight distribution during movementWomen: due to wider pelvic, knee ismedial to the acetabulum which puts
strain on knees during movement. Asa result, women athletes have moreknee injuries.
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Meniscus of Knee
Technical name forfibrocartilage inknee Medial – C shapedLateral – U shaped
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Meniscus of Knee
Act as shockabsorbers forknee
Palpation p. 264
P t i i f l &
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Posterior meniscofemoral &transverse ligaments
Femoropatellar (patellofemoral) joint
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Femoropatellar (patellofemoral) joint
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Patellar Ligament or Tendon
Continuation ofquadriceps
femoris tendonfrom the patella totibial tuberosity
Palpation p. 263
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Anterior & Posterior Cruciate Ligaments
Cruciate Ligaments
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Cruciate Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate (ACL) Posterior (PCL)Crossed-shaped (X)Limits extremes of everymotion of knee
Prevents femur fromsliding backwards on tibiaPrevents tibia fromsliding forward on femur
Stabilizes knee in rotationTears are common sportsinjuries
Crossed-shaped (X)Assists the knee inflexionPrevents femur fromsliding backwards ontibiaPrevents tibia fromsliding forward on femurPreventshyperextension of kneeStabilizes knee inrotationTears are commonsports injuries
Medial and Lateral Collateral
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Ligaments
Medial and Lateral Collateral
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Ligaments
MCL: Connectsmedial femoralepicondyle to theproximal medialtibial condyleMCL: limitsabductionLCL: limitsadductionTears are commonsports injuries
Both shaped likestraight bandsBoth ligaments aretaut when the knee
is fully extendedBoth preventrotation when kneeis extended
Both allow rotationwhen knee is flexedPalpation p. 263
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Tibiofibular Joint
S – Syndesmosis
joint
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Articulations of Ankle and Foot• Talocrual joint and ligaments•
Tibiotalar joint• Distal Tibiofibular joint• Talocalcaneal or subtalar joint• Intertarsal joints•
Tarsometatarsal joints• Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint• Interphangeal (IP, PIP, DIP) joint
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Talocrual (ankle) joint
D - HingeAllowsdorsiflexion &
plantar flexionMost sprainsoccur when this
joint is less stablein extension orplantar flexion
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Ligaments of ankle
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Tibiotalar Joint
Joint betweentalus and tibiaD – Hinge
Allowsdorsiflexion &plantar flexion
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Proximal & Distal Tibiofibular Joints
A - Syndesmosis
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Talocalcaneal or Subtalar Joint
D - GlidingAllows inversion
& eversion
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Intertarsal Joints
D - Gliding
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Tarsometatarsal Joints
D – GlidingPalpation p. 266
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Metatarsophalangeal Joint (MTP)
D - Condyloid
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Interphalangeal Joints
D - Hinge
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Bonus Points – each worth 1 point
1. Acromioclavicular2. Sternoclavicular3. Tibiofemoral4. Atlantooccipital5. Subtalar6. Glenohumeral7. Atlantoaxial
8. Radioulnar9. Patellofemoral
10. Sacroiliac11. Radiocarpal12. Lumbosacral13. Temporomandibular14. Sternocostal15. Ulnohumeral16. Metacarpophangeal
17. Interphangeal18. Pubic symphysis
