K 465

K

K, 860605alkali elements, 820467alterationoxidation, 630734products, 450616, 810736, 810739

alteration, low-temperaturebasalt, 490710effects, 630735

alteration minerals, trace elements, 92049640Ar, Bermuda Rise, 511127Atlantic Ocean S, history, 740722, 740726,

740727Atlantic Ocean SE, Cretaceous, 740778,

740779, 740781B, trace elements, 920491Baja California Seamount Province, basalt,

630718basalt, 820520alteration, low-temperature, 511310chemistry, 450451, 540679, 540682, 920473Cretaceous, 150999geochemistry, 430731, 460095, 490601,

540701, 550603, 590772, 590783, 920450glass, 600608K/Ar age, 160651LIL element, 340283, 340286major element, 511001Melanesian Basin, 610689Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 820501mineral assemblage, 511219mineral chemistry, 550632mineral, secondary, 340406, 340408, 340422mineralogy, 370826petrochemistry, 630727petrology, 220459, 220461, 220463,

460095, 590676, 590677, 590678sill-pillow complex, 610675

basalt, alteredchemistry, 511325classification, 540686geochemistry, 540689, 580808, 580811,

580825, 580830, 580833, 580835major element, 580874, 580875, 580882,

580889, 580892petrology, 540689trace elements, 580874, 580875, 580882,580889, 580892

basalt, oceanic, chemistry, 610640basementalteration, 490696calcite, 920500geochemistry, 590747, 590749, 590750,920480

Bauer Basin, basalt, 340239Bermuda Risebasalt, 511207crystallization, 511041, 511046mineral, secondary, 511258, 511261plagioclase, 511056trace elements, 511137, 511140, 511141,

511142, 511143Black Sea, interstitial water, 42B0649Brazil Basin, geochemistry, 720421, 720422bulk-rock compositions, 540638California, Gulf ofGuaymas Basin, 650617, 650618gulf mouth, 650404

carbonate, trace elements, 480727chemistry, 600584chert

geochemistry, 620725petrology, 620725

clay, 860605minerals, 960579

clay, authigenic, Mariana Trough, 600471

clay minerals, Tertiary, 291077claystone, basalt, 550709Costa Rica Rift

alkali, 690487, 690492basalt, 690477carbonate, 690463

Costa Rica Rift Zone, basalt, 830219,830221, 830249, 830307, 830309

crust, oceanicaging, 511573Costa Rica Rift Zone, 830185, 830187,830190, 830196, 930194

seawater interaction, 511169, 511175diagenesis, interstitial fluid, 270473dolerite, 630712, 630714, 630715Cretaceous, 150999

East Mariana Basin, geochemistry, 890422East Pacific Risebasalt, 540405sediments, 650381silicate, hydrothermal, 920375

Emperor Seamountsmineralogy, 550468petrology, 550582

factor analysis, sediment, 920368Falkland Plateau, basement, 360896, 360897,

360910Galapagos Spreading center, crust, oceanic,

540313geochemical component grouping, 801077geochemistry, 540765, 600624, 720438, 720829

alteration, 220461Cenozoic sediments, 42B0597glass, 840610igneous rocks, 370743, 370747mineral, secondary, 450616Pacific Ocean SE, 920560Rockall Plateau, 810736, 810739sodium, 720429volcanism, 870700

glassbasalt, 650477, 650479, 650480chemical variation, 510982heterogeneity, 630736

Goban Spur, geochemistry, 801033Guadalupe Island, alteration, 630715Guatemala, slope sediment, 8406283He/4He ratio, 870863Hess Risepyrite-marcasite, 620859rocks, 620864

Hess Rise Nchert, 620779post-Jurassic, 620806sedimentary sequences, 620762, 620763

hyaloclastiteash, 650477basalt, 650479glass, 650480

igneous rocks, 840948chemical composition, 590724

Indian Ocean SW, iron-rich sediment, 250401Indian Ocean Wbasalt, 250543, 250546, 250548, 250549geochemistry, 250405

interstitial water, 870869, 920423, 920425basement, 100621hydrothermal alteration, 640692, 640693major ions, 920423Pacific Ocean SE, 920425

intraslope basin, 960716Japan Trench

interstitial water, 870867sediments, 271234

Jingu Seamount, volcanics, 550685K 040K /40A r a g e > G o b a n S p u r ; 800945

least-altered rocks, chemistry, 630736Li, trace elements, 920491Magdalena Bay, dolerite, 630727magma, parental, evolution trends, 670583magnetic fabricdistribution, 870619paleocurrent analysis, 870619remanent magnetization, 870617

major element, 850784, 850789argillaceous sediments, 580724characteristics, 920438distribution, 500678geochemistry, 42B0531interstitial water, 200835silica, 850785

manganese, 291083marcasite, geochemistry, 38S0767Mariana Islands, 600615basement, 600615fore arc, 600621

Mariana Trench, 600621Mariana Trough, 600615Mid-Atlantic Ridge, basalt, 460305, 460316Mid-Pacific Mountains W, Aptian sediments,

620904middle fan, 960712mineral, chemical composition, 660713mineral, secondary, 670551, 920507East Pacific Rise, 650647elemental composition, 920510Guaymas Basin, 650644Tamayo Fracture Zone, 650647

mineralogy, 540765, 850795geochemistry, 600719plagioclase, 660731

minerals, chemical composition, 600461minor element, 500681

East Pacific Rise, 650613geochemistry, 42B0531

Nankai Trough, interstitial water, 870866Nazca Plate, basalt, 340239nontronite, 700318Pacific Ocean Emodified sediments, 540331, 540335sediments, 540319

Pacific Ocean NE, metal-rich basalsediments, 630669

Pacific Ocean NW, clay, 860605Pacific Ocean SEbasalt, 340218, 340220contamination, 920551major-ion correlations, 920553

palagonitization, alteration, 630734Patton Escarpment, alteration, 630712,

630714Pigmy Basin, 960731pyrite, geochemistry, 38S0767Red Seageochemistry, 230982, 230991sediments, 230923

Rio Grande Rise, sediment, 720425Rockall Plateau, concretion, fossil

polymetallic, 810707sediment

chemical composition, 700272hydrothermal mounds, 700281, 700284

sediment chemistry, basalt, 350437sediment comparison, 920353sediment-interstitial water interaction,

alkalinity, 571270silicate, ferruginous coating, 291065Siqueiros Fracture Zone, basalt, 54070686Sr/87Sr ratio, 920500metal, alkali, 511140, 511141, 511142

sulfur isotopemajor element, 500678

466 K

sulfur isotope (Cont.)minor element, 500681

tholeiite, geochemistry, 800946trace elements, 650594

boron, 920493, 920494distribution correspondence, 850789East Pacific Rise, 650594, 650613Rb, 920495Tamayo Fracture Zone, 650594

Walvis Ridge, basalt, 740748, 740755, 740758see also potassium

K, Fe-smectiteceladonization, crust, oceanic, 540308hydrothermal activity, crust, oceanic,

540314K2O, 820526

ash, geochemistry, 660690, 660691basalt, 820520

Costa Rica Rift Zone, 830140, 830150,830155, 830161

Melanesian Basin, 610705Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 820429midocean ridge, 820408, 820411, 820412,

820413, 820414, 830150sill-pillow complex, 610676

basalt, phyric, clinopyroxene, plagioclase,610702

bulk chemical composition, 660611chemistry, 660725Costa Rica Rift Zone, basalt, 830221,

830222, 830264, 830307, 830308, 830309crust, oceanic, Costa Rica Rift Zone,

830186, 830197dolerite, sill, 610702magma, calc-alkaline, 660702major element, composition, 800940Middle America Trenchash, 660690magma, calc-alkaline, 660699

mineral, chemical composition, 660713mineralogy

chronological evolution, 660691composition, 660690plagioclase, 800942

trace elements, 660732Goban Spur, 800943

K2O/Na2O ratio, chemistry, 660725K-bentonite, tephra, source, 901153K-feldspar

Africa SW, continental margin, 400470,400471

alteration, low-temperature, mineralogy,511183

Antarcticageochemistry, 350403, 350405mineralogy, 350748, 350749, 350750,

350751, 350752Argentine Basin, mineralogy, 361018,

361019, 361020, 361022, 361023, 361025,361026, 361027, 361028

Atlantic continental margin, mineralogy,050441, 070914, 080902, 080903, 090743,090752, 090759, 090764, 100759, 110757,110759, 110760, 110769, 110771, 121127,121131, 121132, 121141

Atlantic Ocean N, mineralogy, 431020,431021, 431022, 431023, 431025

Atlantic Ocean NC, Mesozoic sequences,410993

Atlantic Ocean S, mineralogy, 040325,040326, 400542, 400543, 400544, 400545,400546, 400547

Atlantic Ocean SE, Cretaceous, 740767,740773, 740774

Atlantic Ocean W, mineralogy, 040325, 040326basalt

alteration, 511183alteration, low-temperature, 511305,

511309chemical composition, 320564Cretaceous, 150989geochemistry, 350330, 350331mineral assemblage, 511221, 511231, 511232mineral, secondary, 340407, 511243, 511245petrochemistry, 630730petrology, 320564, 330576, 330577,

350330, 350331basalt, altered, chemistry, 511320, 511323Bermuda Risebasalt, 511150, 511208, 511211mineral, secondary, 511260, 511262

Brazil Basin, geochemistry, 720422carbonate, 42A1211chemical and mineral composition, 350471basalt, altered, 350477interstitial water chemistry, 350477sediment chemistry, 350467

chemistry, 650418clastic sediment, Cretaceous, 401040clay, trace elements, 170512, 170513clay, authigenic, 600470Mariana Trough, 600471

Costa Rica, continental margin, 840923Costa Rica Rift

basalt, 690522basalt, oceanic, 690589

crust, oceanic, aging, 511569deposition

chalk, nannofossil, 250492, 250494ooze, nannofossil, 250492, 250494

detrital minerals, 220732, 220733diagenesis, Mediterranean Sea, 130721,

130723, 130724dolerite, Cretaceous, 150989Falkland Plateau, basement, 360893, 360894,

360896, 360902, 360907, 360910, 360911Falkland Plateau E, sedimentation, 360877,

360878, 360880, 360884FAMOUS area, mineralogy, 370896, 370897,

370898, 370899, 370900, 370901, 370902,370903

ferromanganese sedimentiron-rich sediment, 190633volcanics, iron-rich, 190633

flysch, 500752formation, Line Islands, 330789geochemistry, Cenozoic sediments, 42B0577glauconite, mineralogy, 250427Hellenic Trough, mineralogy, 130668Hess Rise, post-Jurassic sedimentation,

620821igneous rocks, chemistry, 630733Indian Ocean, mineralogy, 220694, 220695,

220696Indian Ocean C, 240690minerals, 240682

Indian Ocean E, abyssal plain sediment,271007, 271008

Indian Ocean NE, Cretaceous, 220733Indian Ocean W, 240658

mineralogy, 060753, 060754, 060755,060756, 060757, 060759, 130607, 140677,140678, 140679, 150847, 150848, 150849,150850, 160529, 160530, 160531, 170518,181016, 181017, 240812, 240813, 240814,250844, 250845, 250846, 250847, 250848,411071, 411075, 411076, 411084, 42B0462,440516, 440517, 440518, 440519

minerals, 240675, 240678terrigenous components, 240672terrigenous sediment, 241055

interstitial water

diagenesis, 650446formation, 610603interstitial water chemistry, 350415

interstitial water, geochemistry, BajaCalifornia, 640676

K/Ar agegneiss, 360925pegmatite, 360925

Line Islands, formation, 330789lithology, 100126, 150021, 150333, 190024,

220122, 230297, 250293, 250294, 270198,280083, 330110, 360031, 360214, 360215,42A0226, 42A0229, 42A0231, 42A0234,42A0237, 42A0238, 500126, 510043,510045, 510047

clay, zeolitic, 170020mud, calcareous, 140258ooze, foraminiferal nannofossil, 140258

Magdalena Bay, dolerite, 630723Mediterranean Ridge, mineralogy, 130668Mediterranean SeaGorringe Ridge, 130666Hellenic Trough, 130668Ionian Basin, 130667Mediterranean Basin, 130667mineralogy, 42A1157, 42A1158, 42A1161,

42A1162, 42A1163, 42A1164, 42A1165Meiji Guyot, K/Ar age, 550678, 550679,

550681Mid-Pacific Mountains W, Aptian sediments,

620903, 620905, 620910mineralogy, 210724, 210727, 330541, 330542,

330543, 330544, 650418Mariana Trough, 600438Pacific Plate, 600446volcanics, 340605, 340606

minerals, chemical composition, 600461New Caledonia Basin, volcanic components,

210486Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, 38S0438Pacific Ocean, mineralogy, 310885, 310886,

310888, 310889, 310893, 310894, 310895Pacific Ocean C

formation, 330789mineralogy, 330541, 330542, 330543,

330544, 330550Pacific Ocean NE, cruise synthesis, 151086Pacific Ocean NW, mineralogy, 320547,

320548, 320549, 320550Pacific Ocean Wmineralogy, 200324volcanic rocks, 210481, 210483, 210486

Pacific Plate, volcanic components, 210481pelagic components, distribution,

terrigenous, hemihalmeic components,250491

petrography, breccia, 600583polymict breccia, clast, 600648, 600649Rb-Sr agegneiss, 360925pegmatite, 360925

Red Sea, sediment history, 230855Rio Grande Rise, sediment, 720425Rockall Plateau, Tertiary deposits, 810669Rockall Rise, mineralogy, 101131Ross Sea, basement, 280864sandstone, diagenesis, 770410Sardinia, slope, 130731sediment chemistry, 350432

pore water vs sediment chemistry, 350432siltstone, foraminifer tests, 320542stable isotope, silicate, 350501tholeiitegeochemistry, 590682, 590690petrology, 590682, 590690

turbidite, mineral composition, 670538

K/Ar age 467

Valencia Trough, mineralogy, 130607, 130667volcanic components, 210481, 210483, 210486volcanic sediment, 330789clay minerals, 330794Cretaceous, 330802mineralogy, 330793

volcanismCaribbean Sea, 340605mineral evolution, 600451

Walvis Ridge, transect, 740648K-feldspar, authigenic

Caribbean Sea, sediments, 150933, 150945mineralogy, 140730

K-feldspar, diageneticalkaline provinces, 330801alteration, 330799, 330800

diagenesis, 330799microcline, 330800

authigenic origin, 330801basalt, alteration, 330800burial depth, 330801clay, K-bearing, 330801extinction, 330798labradorite, 330800morphology, 330799origin, 330798orthoclase, 330800Pacific Ocean, volcanics, 330801phyllosilicate, 330800plagioclase, 330800sanidine, 330800temperature, 330801

volcanic sediment, 330789, 330796, 330797structural state, 330796triclinicity, 330797

K-feldspar, high-temperature, clay minerals,mineralogy, 140737

K-feldspar, secondary, Costa Rica Rift,basalt, 690589

K-feldspar/plagioclase ratio, chert,diagenesis, 170378

K-feldspar/plagiosclase ratio, 41S0968K-feldspathization, basalt, mineral

assemblage, 511227K-metasomatism

mineralogy, metabasalt, 600588volcanic sediment, Cretaceous, 330802

K-mica, chemical and mineral composition,sediment chemistry, 350467

K-smectitePacific Ocean NW, geochemical history,

620788volcanic sediment, clay minerals, 330794

K/Al ratioAntarctica

geochemistry, 350403, 350405sediment chemistry, 350429, 350430,350432, 350434, 350435

sediment chemsitry, 350430Bermuda Rise, geochemistry, 511516interstitial water chemistry, 350422

Guaymas Basin, 640686, 640689interstitial water chemsitry, 350477Japan Trench, interstitial water, 870868Nankai Trough, interstitial water, 870866Pacific Ocean E, modified sediments,

540332, 540335K/Arbasalt, geochemistry, 411113Bermuda Rise, basalt, 511123Costa Rica Rift, alkali, 690488Goban Spur, basalt, 800944

K/Ar age, 330650, 330651, 340439, 340442,360923, 390547, 660726

Africa NW, continental margin, 790543age, 610701

age circulation formula, 660725Amazon Ridge, basalt, 390547andesite, alkalic, 360871, 36087340Ar, radiogenic, loss, 340440argon, 330649, 360923ash

rhyolite, 930977Walvis Seamount, 390525

ash, rhyolitic, 930977Atlantic Ocean

basalt, 370629gabbro, 370629

Atlantic Ocean Cmagnetic anomaly, 391113Walvis Seamount, 391127

Atlantic Ocean N, paleogeography, 121171Atlantic Ocean NE, evolution, 411221Atlantic Ocean S

history, 740726magnetic anomaly, 391113Walvis Seamount, 391127

Atlantic Ocean SW, basin, evolution, 360996basalt, 160651, 310599, 340443, 340445,

340446, 350339, 380755, 380756, 380758,380759, 390547, 390552, 42A0510,42A0531, 42A0533, 42A0534, 590729,590730, 810879, 940613, 950613

age determinations, 380755, 380758age spectrum, 590729alkalinity, 380758alteration, 160651, 380755, 380758,

380759, 590729, 920513alteration, deuteric, 160651alteration, low-temperature, 160651amygdule, 38075839Ar/40Ar age, 340439, 340441, 340442,

340449, 590729, 59073040Ar, 340445, 340446Ar, 390545arenaceous foraminifers, 380758argon, 160651, 160652, 340439, 340445,

380755, 380757, 380758, 380759, 590729Atlantic Ocean, 370629Atlantic Ocean S, 390547basalt, intrusive, 160651, 380758basement, 380757, 380758, 390545Benham Rise, 310599Brazil Basin, 390545, 390546, 390547,390552

breccia, tuff, 380759brecciated zones, 380755calcite, 160651, 380758calcium, 340439, 340440Ceara Rise, 390547, 390549, 390550,

390551, 390552chilled margins, 380755closed system, 590729cobble, 350339Costa Rica Rift, 830305crystallization, 590729diabase, 340445, 380758diffusion, 380758dike, 380758disturbed spectrum, 590729dolerite, 390552emplacement mechanism, 160652extrusion, 380758, 380759extrusive, 160652, 380758feldspar, 160651, 340439flow, 380756fluorite, 340439gabbro, 370629, 380758gas, atmospheric, 160651geochemistry, 350333geochronology, 411113, 411115, 411116glass, 160652, 340445, 360871, 360873,

380755, 380758, 380759Indian Ocean, 250553Indian Ocean NE, 220377intrusive character, 380758kalsilite, 340439Kyushu-Palau Ridge, 590729, 590730Line Islands, 330649magma, 160651magnetic anomaly, 160651, 380758Manihiki Plateau, 330649mantle, 380756, 380757microcrystalline claylike mineral, 160651Middle America Trench, 840655mineral chemistry, 550608mud, 380758nondiagnostic fossils, 160651Norwegian Sea, 380755olivine, 160651, 340439overlying sediments, biostratigraphic

age, 160651oxygen, 340445, 340446Pacific Ocean C, 160651, 340439, 340443,

340445Pacific Ocean SE, 350339petrology, 260466, 350333, 390552Philippine Basin, 590729Philippine Basin W, 310599, 590730pillow, 160651pillow lava, 380758potassium, 160651, 340439, 340440,

340445, 340446, 350339pyroxene, 160651radiolarians, 380758radiometric age, 380759, 430741Rb-Sr, 550699, 550702sedimentation onset, 380758sill, 340442, 380758smectite, 160651, 340439, 380757, 380758spreading, 380758submarine volcanic flow, 160651temperature steps, 590729terrigenous sediment, 380758tholeiite, 160651, 390545tholeiite, subalkalic, 160651tholeiitic, 350339undisturbed spectrum, 590729Vema Fracture Zone, 390547volcanism, 340442volcano, 380758weathering, submarine, 160651West Mariana Basin, 590729, 590730, 590731wollastonite, 340439

basementbasalt, 260466, 42A0510calcite, 920502Falkland Plateau, 360923

Benham Rise, basalt, 310621Bermuda Risebasalt, 511149, 511150, 511151Magnetic Anomaly MO, 511131

biotite, 360923Brazil Basin, 390545, 390552calcite, 360923calcrete, 360923Campanian/Maestrichtian boundary,

bentonites, 720946Campanian/Santonian boundary, bentonite,

720946carbonate, 360923Ceara Rise, 390547, 390552celadonite, 920511chalk, siliceous nannofossil, 950796chemistry

age spectrum, 550688alteration, 550688argon, 550686

468 K/Ba ratio

chemistry (Cont.)basalt, alkali, 550688clay, 550688disturbance, 550688Emperor Seamounts, 550688Hawaiian Islands, 550685, 550688reliability, 550687

claystone, basalt, 550709Costa Rica Rift, basalt, 830305Costa Rica Rift Zone, basalt, 830310, 830311Daito Basin, sill, 580921dolerite, 390547Emperor Seamounts, petrology, 550509Falkland Plateau, basement, 360923feldspar, 330649gabbro, Atlantic Ocean, 370629glass, 360871, 360873glass, volcanic, 360871, 360873glauconite

potassium-argon age, 361071Ross Sea, 361071Southern Ocean, 291037

gneiss, 360923, 360924, 360925Goban Spurbasalt, 800945, 800946continental margin, 801131, 801158evolution, 801203tholeiite, oceanic, 800939

Gondwana, geochronology, 360926granite, 360923granodioriteAfrica NW, 790543Mazagan Escarpment, 790543

Greenland Sea, 38S0193Greensand Formation, Ross Sea, 361071Guadalupe Island, Guadalupe Arrugado, 630952Hess Rise N, chert, 620779, 620780hot spot, hypothesis, 330649, 330651hydrothermal alteration, celadonite, 920505igneous rocks, basalt, 840948Indian Ocean, basalt, 220377, 250553Indian Ocean NE, basalt, 220377Indian Ocean SE, radiometric age, 260513,

260515Indian Ocean Wbasalt, 250553regional aspects, 250752, 250756, 250757volcanism, 250534

isochron, 360923isochron age, 340440Jingu Seamount, volcanics, 550685, 550686,

550687, 550688lava, isotope geochemistry, 810779Layer 2, crust, oceanic, 340763Line Islandsbasalt, 330649volcanism, 330651

low-temperature weathering, 340440Magnetic Anomaly, 24, 810879magnetic anomaly, 340442Manihiki Plateau, basalt, 330649Mariana Islands, fore arc, 600743Mazagan Escarpment, granodiorite, 790543Mazagan granodiorite, Africa NW, 790543Meiji Guyot, minimum, 550677, 550678,

550679, 550680, 550681Mendoza Rise, petrology, 920613Mexico, magmatic episodes, 660727microsyenite, 360923Middle America Trench, basalt, 840655mineralogy, 660725

mineral, secondary, 800942montmorillonite, 330649muscovite, granodiorite, 790544nearshore environment, 280933Necker Ridge, 200674

Ninetyeast Ridge, basalt, 220377Norwegian Sea, 38SO193

Greenland Sea, 380755Pacific Ocean NAleutian Ridge, 190906basalt, 190903

Pacific Ocean W, basalt, 310599pegmatite, 360923, 360925Peter I Island, geology, 350343, 350356Philippine Basin W, basalt, 310599Philippine Seabasalt, 580921sill, 580921

plagioclase, 330649, 360923pluton, dioritic, 660726potassium, 330649, 340440, 360923potassium-argon age, 360923pyroxene, 330649radioisotopes, 360923Rb-Sr agegneiss, 360925pegmatite, 360925

Rb/Sr ratio, 360923Rio Grande Rise, subsidence, 720971, 720974Rio Grande Rise N, regional setting, 250689rubidium, 360923sea floor spreading, history, 250677Shikoku Basinbasalt, 580921sill, 580921

Southeast Pacific Basin, evolution,geologic, 350730, 350735, 350736, 350738

Southern Ocean, glauconite, 29103786Sr/87Sr ratio, 360923

celadonite, 920502strontium, 360923tholeiite, 260466

geochemistry, 800946time scales, 810877, 810878Tohoku Arc, geology, 870716tuff, 360871, 360873Atlantic Ocean S, 390547Brazil Basin, 390545Walvis Seamount, 390525

volcanic rocks, ages, 550660, 550661,550664, 550665, 550668, 550669, 550670

K/Ba ratiobasaltgeochemistry, 550604glass, 600607, 600608LIL element, 340284Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 820506

basalt, altered, chemistry, 511323Bermuda Rise, trace elements, 511142chemical analyses, 600604Costa Rica Rift, alkali, 690489crust, oceanic, aging, 511574Falkland Plateau, basement, 360900geochemistry, igneous rocks, 370742Mariana Islands, basement, 60061586Sr/87Sr ratio, metal, alkali, 511142

K/cesium ratioalteration, oxidation, 630734basalt, LIL element, 340284, 340286Bermuda Rise, trace elements, 511141,

511142, 511143Costa Rica Rift, alkali, 690489crust, oceanic, seawater interaction, 511175isotope ratios, glass, 630737palagonitization, alteration, 630734

K/chlorine ratioCosta Rica Rift, carbonate, 690465interstitial water, 350425Pacific Ocean E, modified sediments, 540329sediment chemistry, 350427

K/I ratio, Lord Howe Rise C, Neogene

evolution, 901448K/Li ratio, basalt, altered, chemistry, 511323K/Na ratiobasalt, altered, geochemistry, 580793California, Gulf of, gulf mouth, 650415chemistry, 650418Falkland Plateau, basement, 360897, 360902hydrothermal alteration, sediments, 650420mineralogy, 650418

K/Rb ratioalteration, oxidation, 630734basaltgeochemistry, 540701glass, 600608LIL element, 340284, 340286Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 820506Middle America Trench, 670581

basalt, alteredgeochemistry, 580823, 580824major element, 580881trace elements, 580881

Bermuda Rise, trace elements, 511141,511142, 511143

chemical analyses, 600604Costa Rica Rift, alkali, 690489crust, oceanic, seawater interaction, 511175Falkland Plateau, basement, 360900, 360902FAMOUS area, basalt, 490696geochemistry, igneous rocks, 370742igneous rocks, chemical composition, 590724isotope ratios, glass, 630737K/Ar age, gneiss, 360925major element, geochemistry, 42B0531minor element, geochemistry, 42B0531Rb-Sr age, gneiss, 360925relationship, 540324Sr isotope, 600679trace elements, 590724

trace elements, Rb, 920495Walvis Ridge, basalt, 740743

K/Si ratio, mineralogy, 320443K/Sr ratio

basalt, yttrium, 370568Costa Rica Rift, alkali, 690489Falkland Plateau, basement, 360900

K/U ratio, 42B0629isotopic compositionthorium, 370607uranium, 370607

K/Zr ratiobasalt, altered, geochemistry, 580819,

580831, 580833, 580839basement, chemistry, 600622

Kabato, 560473Kabylia, 42A0953Kabylia Range, small, 130763Kachinic Uplift, 42B0475kaersutitebasalt

petrology, 580848, 580853sill-pillow complex, 610677

basalt, altered, geochemistry, 580823,580826, 580830

Melanesian Basin, ash, 610633, 610635Shikoku Basin, basalt, 580895

Kagoshima, Japan, volcanic arc, 200336Kaikoura Orogeny, 900661Chatham Rise, seismic stratigraphy, 901327currents, Miocene-Pleistocene, 901234lithologies, majorchalk, 901481ooze, calcareous, 901481

magnetostratigraphy, Chatham Rise, 901291New Zealand, tectonics, 901234Pacific Ocean EC, geologic history, 090921Pacific Ocean SW, Western Marginal Basin

Kaolinite 469

Pacific Ocean SW (Cont.)Province, 210900

South Fiji Basin, geology, 300625Kaikoura Range, 901335Kalahari Basin, 400965

continental shelf, onshore geology, 400965Kalahari Desert, Africa W, 360909Kalamaki Island, 42A0934Kalaupapa, cliffs, 330759Kalavasos Formation, 42B1185, 42B1192Kallinago depression, 780090kalsilitebasalt

39Ar/40Ar age, 340439K/Ar age, 340439

Kamchatka, 061290, 180674, 180687, 180694,180696, 190011, 190325, 190556, 190574,190732, 190755, 190806, 190822, 190887,190908, 38SO3O4, 490869, 550409, 550851,600475, 620365, 860370, 860781, 870861,880147, 910271

basalt, island arc, 670581chemistry, Cretaceous-Miocene, 650418Hawaiian-Emperor Chain, continuation, 5508513He/4He ratio, gas volcanic, 870861ice-rafted debris source areas, 860647,

860649Kuril Islands, 190463, 670581Aleutian Islands, 860649

mineralogy, Cretaceous-Miocene, 650418Neogene diatoms, 310789Pacific Ocean, islands, 670581Pacific Ocean Nash, 190909clay, 190908plate movement, 190901, 190902

Ust, 190822volcanic arc, 190892

Kamchatka Current, Pacific Ocean N, platemovement, 190902

Kamchatka E, 550851, 550852, 550853, 650418Kamchatka Strait, 190902Kamchatka Trench. See Kuril TrenchKamisato Group, 190824Kammu Seamount, 550017, 550422, 550424,

550425, 550673, 550674, 550760, 550845,550847, 550848, 621023

bathymetry, 550847Kamuikotan, Hidaka Mountains, orogenic belt,

560474, 560566Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, volcanic arc,

190755Kandavu, 300617

South Fiji Basin, geology, 300617Kane Fracture Zone, 370329, 450005, 760234,

760904, 780637, 780699, 780791, 820006,820128, 820418, 820525, 820527

Atlantic Ocean C, basin, 511508IPOD survey area AT-6: site survey, 450039magnetic anomaly, 370331Mid-Atlantic Ridge, magnetics, 450119,

450121, 450128topography, 370329

Kano River, 870046, 870624Kansan Glacial Stage, glaciation,

Pliocene-Pleistocene, 120959Kansas, 110501, 150814, 150816, 150818,

230823, 931260, 960650Kanto district, Japan, 560467, 870564

regional unconformity, 870762Kaoko basalt, regional tectonics, 720959KaoKo lavas, continental shelf, onshore

geology, 400970Kaokoveld, 750474, 750477, 750479, 750509,

750537, 750539Serra Geral, Brazil, hot spot, 720962

kaolinArabian Sea N, sediment history, 230506Atlantic continental margin, mineralogy,

010355Atlantic Ocean W, mineralogy, 040325, 040326Bermuda Rise, geochemistry, 511516lithology, 290022Pacific Ocean NE, 151103sediment chemistry, upper part, 350427

kaolin-chloriteclay minerals, Tertiary, 291078lithology, 150279

kaolinite, 360880, 390397, 390398, 390399,390402, 490443, 560944, 560946, 560949,560980, 580669, 580671, 580672, 580684,580686, 590598, 590600, 860552

active pedogenesis, 580673Africa, continental margin NW, 410975Africa SW, continental margin, 400470,

400475Albian sediment, geochemistry, 480866Alboran Basin W, mineralogy, 130607Algeria, continental shelf, 42B1181alteration

products, 810739remnant arc debris, 590737, 590738

amorphous precipitates, iron oxide, 050541,050543

Angola Basinclay mineralogy, 750846, 750847geochemistry, 750846

Antarctica, mineralogy, 350748, 350749,350750, 350751, 350752

Argentine Basin, mineralogy, 361018,361019, 361020, 361022, 361023, 361025,361026, 361027, 361028

Atlantic continental marginmineralogy, 050441, 050442, 050443,070913, 070914, 080902, 080903, 080907,080908, 090743, 090752, 090759, 090764,090773, 100753, 110753, 110754, 110755,110757, 110759, 110760, 110763, 110764,110769, 110771, 110772, 110783, 110784,121127, 121128, 121130, 121131, 121132,121134, 121136, 121137, 121142

Atlantic continental margin N W , evolution,440951

Atlantic OceanCenozoic sediments, 140809Cretaceous sediment, 140809geochemistry, 47B0432, 47B0434, 47B0435,47B0436, 47B0439

mineralogy, 47B0432, 47B0434, 47B0435,47B0436, 47B0439

Atlantic Ocean Nclay, 481091, 481094, 481095, 481097Mediterranean Sea, 110811mineralogy, 020330, 431020, 431021,431022, 431023, 431025

Atlantic Ocean NC, Mesozoic sequences,410993, 411004, 411007

Atlantic Ocean NWlithology, 110936microfacies, 440485, 440488, 440489,

440490, 440491regional aspects, 110960sedimentary evolution, 430796, 430811sedimentation, 440975, 440978

Atlantic Ocean S, mineralogy, 030509,030510, 040325, 040326, 400542, 400544,400547, 400548

Atlantic Ocean SE, paleoenvironmentalevolution, 740664, 740665, 740666,740670, 740672, 740673

Atlantic Ocean W, mineralogy, 040325, 040326authigenic minerals, 600462

Balearic Plain, mineralogy, 130609Barremian-Albian sediment, phyllosilicate,

800911Biscay, Bay ofAlbian sediments, 480866mineralogy, 101134, 101136shale, black, 480839

Black Seaevolution, 42B1142, 42B1148sediments, 42B0375, 42B0386, 42B0389

Blake Basin, 760729, 760772Brazil Basingeochemistry, 720422Recent-Eocene sedimentation, 721001sedimentation comparison, 721004

Brazil Basin S, 720524burrow mottling, silt, 291053California, Gulf of, gulf mouth, 650363,

650400, 650409, 650413Cape Basin, Cretaceous to Pliocene, 400488Cape Bojador, continental margin, 47A0779,

47A0780, 47A0781Cenozoic sediments, lithology, mineralogy,

geochemistry, 450323, 450326, 450327,450330

chemical and mineral composition, 350471mineralogy, 070965, 350465

clastic sediment, Cretaceous, 401031,401040, 401043

clay, 220743, 291053, 960580abundance, 291053bulk mineralogy, 860552Cenozoic, 780343, 780345, 780346mineralogy, 86055216O/18O r a t i c s 350489stratigraphy, 870639

clay, black, geochemistry, 430639clay mineralogy, 750862, 750865, 960738montmorillonite-illite, 650369montmorillonite-illite-chloriteassemblage, 650368

stratigraphic evolution, 750864clay minerals, 010543, 060844, 220730,

220731, 280747, 38SOO18, 38SOO21,38SOO28, 390429, 47B0687, 500716,500717, 560980, 590598, 590600, 590602,670515, 680390, 860572, 901445

abundance, 220731Antarctica, 280747basal reflections, 200335, 200336, 200339chemical analysis, 960695Cretaceous and Cenozoic, 480705, 480707,480711, 480716

distribution, 560983, 560984Japan Trench, 870635mineralogy, 140728, 140729Miocene, 280747morphology, 860572Nankai Trough, 870634Pacific Ocean NW, 200336, 200337, 200338,200339, 200340, 200341

Pliocene-Quaternary, 280747sources, 241058stratigraphy, 720384, 720387, 720388,860572

terrigenous origin, 560987terrigenous sediment, 280747Tertiary, 291078, 291081, 291082

clay, montmorillonite, 020417clay, siliceous, 271005, 271006calcite, 271006clastic origin, 271007diagenesis, 271007

claystone, basalt, 550707, 550709claystone, siliceous, 271005, 271006clastic origin, 271007

470 Kaolinite

claystone (Cont.)diagenesis, 271007

Cocos Plate, sediments, 670609Coniacian-Campanian, Atlantic Ocean, 720387Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary,

paleoenvironmental history, 740687,740688, 740689, 740690, 740691

currentsEocene-Oligocene, 901231Miocene, 901233, 901234Miocene-Pleistocene, 901234

Daito Basin, 580686Daito Ridge, 580684deep-sea trench, sedimentary facies, 670610depositionchalk, nannofossil, 250492, 250494ooze, nannofossil, 250492, 250494

diagenesis, 960584slope sediments, 840578, 840582, 840586,

840588diagenesis, burial, pelite, 230424distribution, 560983, 560984East Mariana Basin, micromorphology, 890418East Pacific Rise, sediments, 650377Emperor Seamounts, mineralogy, 550464eolian sedimentation, dust fallout, 680409Esmeraldas River, 540316evaporites, Messinian, 42A0573Falkland Plateau E, sedimentation, 360880FAMOUS area, mineralogy, 370896, 370897,

370898, 370899, 370901, 370902, 370903Galapagos Fracture Zone, East Pacific Rise,

540401gas hydrate, trench slope, 670605, 670608geochemical history, sedimentation, 710404,

710405geochemistryCenozoic sediments, 42B0545, 42B0554,42B0562

Hatton Ridge, 810739trace elements, 060840

Greenland Sea, clay minerals, 38S0231,38S0232, 38S0233, 38SO235

Guatemalaslope sediment, 840628, 840630trench, 670515, 670518, 670520, 670522,670524

upper slope, 840928Hellenic Trough, mineralogy, 130610, 130669Hess Rise N, sedimentary sequences, 620759,

620763Iberian margin W, evolution, 47B0768Iceland Basin, Cenozoic sediments, 38SOO75,

38S0087illite-montmorillonite, 150923, 150924,

150925Indian Ocean, mineralogy, 220694, 220695,

220696, 220697Indian Ocean C, 240690minerals, 240682noncarbonate sediment, 220492, 220493,220495

Indian Ocean E, lithology, 271010, 271015Indian Ocean NE, Cretaceous, 220731,

220742, 220743Indian Ocean W, 240658Aden, Gulf of, 241056clay minerals, 241056, 241058geochemistry, 250406, 250407interstitial water, 250369, 250372mineralogy, 060753, 060754, 060755,060756, 060757, 060758, 130606, 130607,130608, 130609, 130610, 130611, 140677,140678, 140679, 150847, 150848, 150849,150850, 160529, 160530, 160531, 181016,181017, 181018, 240812, 240813, 240814,

250844, 250845, 250846, 250847, 250848,400547, 400548, 411070, 411071, 411075,411076, 411078, 411084, 411085, 42A0363,42A0365, 42A0370, 42A0373, 42A0378,42A0380, 42B0451, 42B0457, 431019,440516, 440517, 440518, 440520

minerals, 240675, 240678terrigenous components, 240672volcanic sediment, 250517

intraslope basin, 960718Israel, history, 42B1212Japan Current, 580669Japan Trench, 560944, 560946, 560949

clay minerals, 560980, 560983, 560984,560987

interstitial water, 870868minerals, 870638

Labrador Sea, mineralogy, 101130lihtostratigraphy, 680383lithologies, majorchalk, 901480ooze, calcareous, 901480

lithology, 210107, 210108, 210273, 210374,250031, 250071, 250145, 260138, 260237,260329, 260365, 270197, 270198, 270282,270283, 280083, 280379, 290227, 360095,360214, 360215, 360226, 38SOO18, 38S0O21,38SOO28, 380173, 42B0034, 42A0036,42A0037, 42B0124, 42B0137, 42A0181,42A0182, 42A0226, 42A0229, 42A0231,42A0237, 42A0238, 42A0242, 42B0298,42A0308, 430038, 430040, 430042, 430044,430201, 430204, 430205, 430210, 430211,430330, 47A0030, 47B0035, 47B0037,480080, 480132, 480135, 480175, 480178,480220, 480222, 500044, 500131, 500140,510360, 721022

breccia, 130227Cenozoic units, 480044, 480047clay, 300137, 300140evaporites, 130196, 130425marl, 130030, 130066, 130229Mesozoic deposits, 47B0051, 47B0052Miocene change, 721021ooze, foraminiferal nannofossil, 130195ooze, marl, 130227sandstone, 120050, 130066, 270283shale, 130229silt, 300137

lithostratigraphy, 680385lueneburgite, Miocene sediments, 42A0662Madagascar Basin, volcanic sediment, 250520manganese nodule, 510771Mazagan Plateau, 790390, 790397, 790498Mediterranean Ridge, mineralogy, 130609,

130610, 130668, 130669, 130735Mediterranean SeaAlboran Sea, 130666Gorringe Ridge, 130666Hellenic Trough, 130668, 130669Ionian Basin, 130667Levantine Basin, 130669Mediterranean Basin, 130667Messinian, 130681mineralogy, 130606, 130607, 42A1157,42A1158, 42A1161, 42A1162, 42A1163,42A1164, 42A1165

Tyrrhenian Basin, 130667Mediterranean Sea E, history, 42B1212Mellish Seamount, post-Jurassic

sedimentation, 620834, 620841Messinian environments, salinity crisis,

42A1026Mid-Pacific Mountains, 621084, 621098Mid-Pacific Mountains W, Aptian sediments,

620905, 620910

Middle America Trench, transect, 670605,670608, 670609, 670610

mineralogy, 38SO119, 650391, 650395,960584, 210538, 210725, 210726, 210727,210728, 38S0111, 38S0115, 38S0116,38S0117, 38SO118

Atlantic Ocean, 140729Goban Spur, 801020Pendragon Escarpment, 801021sediment, 680397turbidites, 130714, 130717variability, 801023

Mississippi Fan, 960712, 960716sediment, 960430

Moroccan Basin, continental margin, 500707,500708

mud, 870916mud, terrigenous, 250455mudstone, petrology, 180905Nankai Troughclay minerals, 870636interstitial water, 870866turbidites, 870916

Natal Basin, volcanic sediment, 250529Neogene formations, paleogeography,

42A0909, 42A0913New Zealand

Cenozoic changes, 901230, 901231tectonics, 901231, 901233, 901234

Nile Fan, mineralogy, 130611, 130669, 130735Norwegian Seaclay minerals, 38SO231, 38S0232, 38SO233,

38S0235Greenland Sea, 38S0272, 38S0273, 38S0437,

38SO438, 38S0440ooze, calcareousclay, 220742ooze, nannofossil, 271008

Pacific OceanHolocene, 580673mineralogy, 310885, 310890, 310893,

310894, 310895Pacific Ocean E, 540310Pacific Ocean NE, regional aspects, 050624Pacific Ocean NW, 860572, 860726clay, 860552, 860572clay minerals, 860552, 860572mineralogy, 320549, 320550

Pacific Ocean SEbasalt, 340383clay-sized minerals, 350480, 350484,350486

Pacific Ocean SW, modern sedimentdistribution, 901438

Pacific Ocean W, mineralogy, 200324palygorskite, clay minerals, 411099Panama Basin, 540316sediments, 690387, 690389, 690392, 690393

pelagic components, distribution,terrigenous, hemihalmeic components,250491

petrologyclay, 960501sand, 960496silt, 960501

Philippine Basin W, 590598Philippine Sea, 590600

Daito Basin, 600429Daito Ridge, 600429lithology, 061132, 061135, 061137,061138, 061139

Mariana Trench, 600435Mariana Trough, 600431Philippine Sea W, 600429Shikoku Basin, 600415

Philippine Sea S, clay minerals, 590600,

Karst 471

Philippine Sea S (Cont.)590602

physical properties, clay, 061132, 061135,061137, 061138, 061139

preliminary organic analyses, 42B0726quartz, 16O/18O ratio, 350489red beds, 38S0272, 38S0273Red Seaevaporites, 230835sediment history, 230855, 230861

regional summary, 020415rhyolite, mineralogy, 210538Rio Grande Fracture Zone, geochemistry,

720429Rio Grande Rise, 720428Mesozoic, 721014sedimentation, 721017

Rockall Plateausedimentation, 810681Tertiary deposits, 810669, 810670,

810673, 810676, 810677, 810680, 810681Rockall Rise, mineralogy, 101132San Juan River, 540316sapropel, petrography, 130714, 130717Sea of Japan, 580673sediment, 560944, 560946, 560949lithology, 38S0111, 38S0115, 38S0116,38S0117, 38SO118, 38S0119

sediment composition, clay minerals, 960479sediment geochemistry, smectite, 670605sediment history, 280785sediment mineralogy, smectite, 670605sedimentary sequence, lithology, 200727sedimentation, 42B0607sedimentology, 100700terrigenous components, 340783

sedimentsAtlantic Ocean NE, 941090, 941091,941092, 941093, 941096, 941097

Blake Basin, 760433, 760434, 760440,760441, 760442, 760446

Blake Ridge, 760414sepiolite, clay minerals, 411099Shikoku Basin, 580669, 580671, 580672,

580673silica, mineralogy, 140728, 140729silicate, 010543sources, 590600, 590602stratigraphyclay minerals, 600469Mariana Trough, 600468Pacific Plate, 600468

strontium, 42B0607sulfur isotope, 340383synrift sediments, Barremian, 800934Tasman Sea, mineralogy, 300605tectonicclay, 430811clay, black, 430796

tephra, source, 901153terrigenous origin, 560987Tethys N, margin, 440951Timor Trough, ooze, nannofossil, 271011trace elements, distribution, 42A0504,

42A0505turbidites, Guatemala, 840925Tyrrhenian Rise, mineralogy, 130608, 130667Valencia Trough, mineralogy, 130607, 130667volcanics, mineralogy, 210538volcanism, clay, 870636Walvis Ridge

clay mineralogy, 750850climatic, oceanographic evolution, 740679Cretaceous to Pliocene, 400488

warm surficial currents, 580673West Mariana Basin, 590598, 590600

X-ray diffraction analysis, 500707X-ray mineralogy, 400547, 400548Biscay, Bay of, 480649clay minerals, 400541Rockall Rise, 480665, 480666, 480667,480668

kaolinite-chloriteAtlantic Ocean N, Mediterranean Sea, 110816clay, 960579clay minerals, mineralogy, 140729diagenesis, 960584Guatemala, trench, 670517, 670520lithology, 380176, 380178, 670517mineralogy, 960584Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, 38SO438,

38S0440silica, mineralogy, 140729

kaolinite-illite-chlorite, Barremian-Albiansediment, 800920

kaolinite/chlorite ratiomineralogy, 650391Southeast Pacific Basin, evolution,

geologic, 350730kaolinite/illite ratioMediterranean Ridge, mineralogy, 130739Nile Fan, mineralogy, 130739Pacific Ocean SW, paleoceanography, 901502

kaolinite/illite/montmorillonite ratio, clayminerals, Tertiary, 291081

Kapingamarangi Rise, 300013, 300176, 300197,300231, 300401, 300415, 300437, 300440,300443, 300444, 300543, 300544, 300597,300663, 300698, 300700, 300702, 300703,320076, 320233, 320247, 320892, 320952,330007, 330011, 330162, 330171, 330180,330187, 330587, 330589, 330923, 390905,390907, 400388, 610024, 610025, 610035,610526, 610549, 610644, 610676, 610680,610681, 610689, 610714, 610729, 610763,610850, 610853, 620157, 620545, 620805,620955, 620959, 621009, 621073, 740703,740706, 850600, 890214, 890215, 890218,890232, 890321, 890507, 890577, 890579,890592, 890653, 900037, 901161, 901170,901483, 901513, 070003, 070007, 070049,070338, 070473, 070477, 070478, 070913,071169, 071170, 071172, 071258, 071265,080866, 200342, 291164, 300003, 300007,300008, 300009

basaltgeochemistry, 620958trace elements, 610689

basalt, oceanic, petrochemistry, 610641basin genesis, 310876biogenic sediment, diagenesis, 300446,

300447, 300453, 300454, 300455, 300456,300457, 300458, 300459, 300460, 300461,300467, 300468, 300469, 300470, 300472,300473, 300474, 300475, 330447, 330458

biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphycorrelation, 850765

bioturbation history, environmentalrelationships, Equatorial Divergence,901194

carbonate, 901201accumulation rate, 901201deposition, 901201dissolution, 901201stratigraphy, 901201, 901215

Cenozoic paleoceanography, latitudinalnorthern, 901493

chemical oceanographic factors, Sr/Calciumratio, 850815

coarse fraction results, 901206coarse fraction variation, winnowing, 901212deposition, 300441

Equatorial Plateau, 300423diagenesis, 300443chalk, nannofossil, 300443physical properties, 300443

dissolution, calcareous sediment, 300489Eocene-Oligocene unconformity, 300663Hess Rise N, post-Jurassic, 620805hydrocarbon, low molecular weight, 890577igneous rocks, geochemistry, 620958interstitial watercarbonate, 740706Walvis Ridge, 740703

lithologies, minor, tephra, vitric, 901483lithology, 330187

events, 300243magnetostratigrphy, 901276major boundariesOligocene/Miocene boundary, 901463Pliocene boundary, 901463

NE slope, 610475northward motion, 300415Pacific Ocean C, hiatus, 850911Pacific Ocean SWisland arcs, 300693, 300698, 300700,

300702, 300703paleoceanography, 901507, 901511, 901513tephra, vitric, 901161

Pacific Ocean W, equatorial, 071170Pacific Ocean WC, 680358Pacific Plate, decoupling zone, 300418Paleocene-Eocene unconformity, 300664paleomagnetic measurements, 300415Philippines, genesis, 310876plateaus, 080866, 200342, 291164, 390905,

390907, 400388radiolarians, 300489seismic stratigraphy, 890589stratigraphy, Neogene and Quaternary, 901201tephra

Cenozoic, 901170source, 901169

Kara Bogaz Gol, Messinian environments, LagoMare, 42A1023

Karachi, 230005, 230055, 230292, 230471,230503, 230504

Arabian Sea N, sediment history, 230503Karamea Peninsula, 210204Karand, Hungary, 210819Karangat beds

chronostratigraphy, isochronous events,42B0516

lithology, 42B0125Karangat Terrace, 42B0516Karkinit Basin, Black Sea, geophysical

framework, 42B1077Karma Rise, 220360Karpathos, 130323Karroo, 151000, 250757, 360226, 360926, 810913Africa E, coast, 250683Africa SE, volcanism, 250531, 250532Indian Ocean W, regional aspects, 250753,

250757, 250758Rio Grande Rise N, regional setting,

250689, 250691, 250698volcanism, 810913

Karroo basalt, volcanism, Mozambique Ridge,250540

Karroo Basin, 400069, 401025Africa E, coast, 250681

Karroo Supergroup, 360926Atlantic Ocean SW, basin, evolution, 360998

Karroo Trap, basalt, oceanic, petrochemistry,610642

karst, 130692Bahama Islands, geology, 110886continental shelf, onshore geology, 400971

472 Karukera Spur

Mediterranean Sea, Messinian, 130692Karukera Spur, morphology, 780092Kasos, 130323Kassel, 160015

Germany W, 081000, 091204Katmai, 200391Kauai, 330008, 550006, 550024, 550567,

550660, 550670, 550674Kaula, 330655seamounts, ridges, volcanic origin, 330779

Kauai W, 550007, 550022KaulaKauai, 330655Nihoa Island, 330008

Kaurkar, 42B1210Kayak, 180592Kayo Formation, Nummulites boninensis, 580665Kazakhstan, 350819, 38S0290, 38SO3O6,

38S0493, 38S0498, 381174ore, deposit, 540805

Kazil Dag nappes, 42A0956Kellogg Formation, 38SO3OOKellogg shale, 950396, 950400, 950401Kelvin Fault, 430032, 430863Atlantic Ocean NW, sea floor spreading,

430863seamounts, bathymetry, 430847, 440024

Kelvin Seamount, 010637, 430031, 430173,430513, 430847, 440976

Atlantic Ocean S, line, 47B0658sedimentary environments, 440976see also New England Seamounts

Kenai Formation, Pacific Ocean N, platemovement, 190900

Kenai Mountains, tectonic history, 180968Kenya, 240781, 250437, 250537, 250737, 260949Africa E, coast, 250679, 250683Atlantic Ocean SW, basin, evolution, 360999coast, 250065, 250087, 250103, 250139,

250141, 250177coastline, 250694continental rise, 230531Gondwana, dispersal, 260949Great Rift Valley, 42A1017Indian Ocean W, regional aspects, 250743,

250752, 250755pelagic components, distribution, biogenous

components, 250486Rio Grande Rise N, regional setting,

250693, 250694, 250695, 250698keratophyre, Desirade, 780006Kerch, Black Sea, evolution, 42B1145, 42B1147Kerg, 42B1079Kerguelen Islands, 260281, 260815, 260816,

280828, 42B0744Indian Ocean S, geologic history, 260925Indian Ocean W, regional aspects, 250747Walvis Ridge, basalt, 740749

Kerguelen Plateau, 220004, 220829, 250237,250287, 260007, 260281, 260283, 260816,260909, 260950, 271051, 280378, 280728,280931, 390965, 710802, 900840

diagenesis, silica, 950508general synthesis, 280938

unconformity, 280931Gondwana, dispersal, 260950Indian Ocean S, geologic history, 260910,

260924, 260925, 260940Indian Ocean W, regional aspects, 250743regional summary, reconstruction, 220829sea floor spreading, history, 250664see also Heard Plateau; Indian Ocean NE;

Indian Ocean SKermadec Islands, 300629, 600494, 901153

glass, volcanicMariana Trough, 600494

Tonga, 600494Lord Howe Rise, pale green laminae, 901156,

901157Pacific Ocean SW, Eastern Marginal Basin

Province, 210898Pacific Ocean W, volcanic rocks, 210488ridges, Tonga, 210897, 210900South Fiji Basin, history, 300629Tonga, 060686, 210488, 210898, 590794volcanic components, 210488

Kermadec Ridge, 300667, 600602Pacific Ocean SW

Cenozoic, 300667regional evolution, 210900Tonga Ridge, 210897

Kermadec Trench, 291157, 300003, 300005,300631, 300698, 350266, 901157, 910271,910475, 920520

Mariana Islands, island arc, 060682Pacific Ocean SE, Tonga Trench, 920520Pacific Ocean SW, Pacific Plate, 210897ridge, 300624South Fiji Basingeology, 300624history, 300631

kerogen, 220674, 220675, 241165, 410839,410842, 640883, 711001, 711003, 711006,711009, 711048, 711049, 870898, 711045,711048

Aden, Gulf of, 241165aliphatic materials, 711048alkane, 241165, 711048, 711048alkene, isoprenoid, 14C, 711048alteration, 220673

biogenic organic matter, 220675alteration, diagenetic, organic matter,

220673, 571305, 571308alteration, thermal, 410839amorphous kerogen, 870898Angola Basin, 751031, 751032

Cretaceous sediments, 751052marine origin, 751033organic geochemistry, 750990, 750991,750993

asphaltene, 220674Atlantic Ocean

Cretaceous, 750820margin, 481103

Atlantic Ocean NCretaceous sediments, 510741petroleum generating potential, 38S0675,440602, 480953

Atlantic Ocean S, Mesozoic, 751039, 751040,751041

Atlantic Ocean W, organic matter, 770070basalt, intrusion, 580741benzene, 241165Biscay, Bay of, shale, black, 480955bitumen, 241165Black Sea, 42B0737sediments, 42B0737

Blake Basin, sediments, 760465, 760471breakdown products, 220675butane, 241165C25 + range, 220675C8+ compounds, 22067314C, 711048California, continental margin, 630759,

630760California, Gulf ofgulf mouth, 650435organic geochemistry, 640883

Cape Basin, shale, black, 711029Cape Bojadorcarbon, 47B0559hydrocarbon, extractable, 47A0513, 47A0514

sediments, 410817, 47B0550Cape Verde Basin, contact metamorphism,

410821Cape Verde Terrace, contact metamorphism,

410821carbon, 870898deep-sea sediments, 580745, 580746,

580748, 580752even-numbered molecules, 711008geochemistry, 241176, 380797, 410849,42B0717, 42B0718, 480948, 571319,571320, 571324, 590642, 590644, 590645,610623

carbon, organic, 220673, 870878preservation, 711054total extract, 220675

carbon preference index, odd/evenpreference, 220675

carbonization, temperature history, 181077Cariaco Trench, 711048change, depth, 220675clay, black, geochemistry, 430634, 430635claystone, Cretaceous, 440597collinite, 870898common sequential origin, 711049contact metamorphism

alkane, 410821amorphous organic matter, 410821asphaltene, 410821burial, 410821, 410824carbon, organic, 410821carbon preference index, 410821carbonate, 410821catagenesis, burial, 410824diabase, 410821intrusion, 410821maturation, 410824organic extract, 410822, 410824petroleum, 410821, 410824saturates, 410821shale, 410821thermal immaturity, 410824thermal maturation, 410821vitrinite, 410821, 410824

continental margin, preservation,paleoenvironment

Guadalupe Island, 630945Magdalena Bay, 630945Patton Escarpment, 630945Rivera Plate, 630947

continental material, 220673continental woody material, 220675Costa Rica Rift, 690449CPI, 220675Cretaceous oceanic material, 711008cycloalkane, 241165cyclopentane, 220675diagenesis, 310621electron paramagnetic resonance, 410840,

410842, 410845, 410847alteration, thermal, 410839Cape Verde Terrace, 410839East Pacific Rise, 410839stable isotope analysis, 410843vitrinite, 410835, 410845

Falkland Plateau, 711008alteration, 711008chemistry, 711045H/C ratio, 711006humic acid, 711048hydrocarbon, 711033immature stage, beginning evolution,711006

O/C ratio, 711006organic matter, 711016, 711045pyrite, 711006

Kerogen 473

Falkland Plateau (Cont.)sediments, 711001shale, black, 711006vitrinite, 711006

Falkland Plateau E, sedimentation, 360884fine organic material, 870898gas, volume, 220673geochemical component grouping, organic

matter, 801074geochemistry, 440627maturity, 440629

geopolymers, marine algal, 711048Goban Spur, combustion, 800993H/C atomic ratio, 711049, 711049Hess RiseAlbian sediment, 620941pyrite-marcasite, 620860

humic acid, 711049, 711049humic compounds, 42B0737hydrate, high-porosity lithologies, 670594hydrocarbon, 220673, 640763, 220675, 241165alteration, 220673C'15'+ saturate, 220674carbon, organic, 220675formation, 220675gas, residual, 42B0679gasoline range, 220675low molecular weight, 711034, 711035,

711040nonhydrocarbon ratios, 220675

hydrocarbon, Cj-C§

alteration, thermal, 640778Guaymas Basin, 640765

hydrocarbon, C,-C8

hydrocarbon, 711033source beds, 711043

hydrocarbon, C15

alteration, 220673migration, 220674, 220675, 870884

hydrocarbon, extractableorganic petrology, 580756, 580758,

580760, 630820, 630821, 630824, 630826,630827, 630828, 630831, 630833, 630834,640837, 640838, 640841, 640844, 640845,640847, 640848, 640849, 640851

hydrocarbon, gaseous, 241157hydrocarbon, heavy, 241157, 241165hydrocarbon, iso-anteiso biogenic, 220675hydrocarbon, light, 241165hydrogen, 870898immature material indicator, 711008Indian Ocean NE, 220673insoluble organic matter

fatty acid, unsaturated, 870894H/C ratio, 870892Lake Haruna, 870892O/C ratio, 870892

intrusion, sill, 410839isopentane, 241165isoprenoid, 711048Japan, degradinite, 870898Japan Trenchevolution path, 870901Nankai Trough, 870902thermal cracking, 870901

kerogen, humic, 870898ketone, isoprenoid, geochemical

significance, 210909laminated/nonlaminated sediments, organic

geochemistry, 640922, 640924limestoneAlbian, 620923, 620929, 620930Cretaceous, 620882organic geochemistry, 480926

lipid, 610615, 660583, 660584, 711049composition, 660583

indication, 630769organic geochemistry, 640883, 640885,

640886, 640895, 640896, 640897, 640898,640899, 640900, 640901, 640902

sulfur, 660583liptinite, 870898lithology, 360214maceral, classification, 870881maturation, Nankai Trough, 870883Mazagan Escarpment, 790778, 790784, 790821Mazagan Plateau, 790729Mesozoic sediments, organic matter, 360941,

360943Mesozoic sediments, organic geochemistry,

500639methane, 220673yields, 220675

methylcyclohexane, 220675methylene chloride, 660583

elemental composition, 660583hydrogen/carbon ratio, 660583increase, 660583

2,3-methylpentanes, 220675Mid-Pacific Mountains W, Aptian sediments,

620910mineralogy, turbidites, 130716Moroccan Basin, 790803mud, terrigenous, organic geochemistry,

400561mudstone, Cretaceous, 480926Nankai Trough

insoluble organic matter, 870891oxidation, 870900reworked material, 870899Shikoku Basin, 870900terrigenous origin, 870900thermal maturity, 870900

naphthene, 241165gasoline range, 220675saturate fraction, 220675

Neogene cores, organic geochemistry,42A0465, 42A0466, 42A0468, 42A0470,42A0471

New Jersey, continental margin, 950654nitrogen, 800994, 870898

deep-sea sediments, 580745, 580746,580748, 580752

nitrogen, asphaltic, 220675nitrogen, inorganic

algal origin, 800994C/N ratio, 800996diagenesis, 800995

opaque coaly material, 870898opaque plant material, 870898organic chemistry, 711011, 870887California, Gulf of, 640883

organic geochemistry, 271293, 410815,571296, 630837, 630838, 630845, 630849,630850, 630851, 640717, 640877, 640883,640884, 640885, 640886, 640890, 640896,640897

aliphatic product, 640895aliphatic range, 630848alkane, 640895alkene, 640895alkylphenals, 640897allochthonous terrigenous sources,

640718, 640902alteration, 630850, 630851, 640902alteration, thermal, 630851, 640902Angola Basin, 750461, 750464aromatic range, 630848ash, 630838, 630848, 630850Atlantic Ocean E, 630849autochthonous marine origin, 640718,640902

Baja California, 640940, 640941, 640942biopolymers, 640884burial, 630848, 630849, 640897, 640898,640899, 640900, 640901

12C/13C ratio, 630848Cabo San Lucas, 640879California, Gulf of, 640883, 640895carbon, 630845, 630850, 630851, 640885carbon isotope, 640821carbon number, 640902carbon, residual, 640727carbonate, 630838carboxyl functionalities, 630848Cenomanian-Turonian black sediments,

800964chloride, 630838chlorophyll, 640897CO2, 630838coal, 571297COOH groups, elimination, 630848crust, oceanic, 640883Curie point pyrolysis, 640883, 640886D/H ratio, 630849decomposition, 630849deposition, oxic, 640902deposition rate, 640902deuterium, 630849, 630850, 630851deuterium, meteoric, 630850diabase, 630850, 630851diagenesis, 630849diagenetic sequence, 630851differential thermal stress, 630850early maturation indicator, 640897East Pacific Rise, 640883ecosystem, aquatic, 640896endogenous organic matter, derivation,

640883ester fractions, 640885euxinic sedimentation, 640902even/odd predominance, doublets, 640895fatty acid, 640883fractionation, 630849gas, biogenic, 640883gas, interstitial, 640883geologic maturity measure, 640902geopolymers, 640884geothermal gradient, 640902Guaymas Basin, 640883, 640902, 640942,

640943, 640944, 640945, 640946, 640949gulf mouth, 640879H/C ratio, 630848heat flow, 640902heterogeneity, 640719higher plant contribution, 640895higher plant contribution, absence, 640897homologous compound distributions, 640883humic acid, 630849humic substances, 640885hydrocarbon, 571299, 640885hydrocarbon, thermogenic, 640883hydrogen, 630845, 630849, 630850, 630851,

640885hydrothermal alteration, 640883hydrothermal circulation, 640903in situ heat flow, 640883increased depth, 640902inorganic breakdown, 630851intrusion, 640897, 640898, 640899,

640900, 640901kerogen, unaltered, 640902kerogen, unaltered immature, 640895ketone, 640883, 640885lapilli tuff, 630851lighter elements, 630850lighter isotope loss, 630851lighter isotope, mass fractionation,

474 Kerogen

organic geochemistry (Cont.)630849

lipid, 640883, 640885, 640887, 640888,640890, 640892, 640893, 640894, 640895,640902

localized heating, 630851long-chain structures, 640896macromolecular materials, 640884marine autochthonous origin, 640880mass fractionation, 630851maturity, 640718Messel oil shale, 640896methoxyphenals, 640897methyl ester, 640883microbial breakdown, 630848microbial degradation, 630851mineral, heavy, 630850mixed composition, 630851molecular markers, 640883, 64090215N, 630848

Namibian Shelf, 640895nitrogen, 630838, 630845, 640885nonuniform thermal gradient, 630850northern rift zone, 640883olefin, 640895, 640902ooze, diatomaceous, 640883organic matter, 640883organic matter, diagenetic maturity,630850

organic matter, source, 630851, 640883,640902

organic matter, thermal history, 640902organic matter, thermal stress effects,640883

origin, 640880Pacific Ocean NE, 630845, 630851paleoenvironment, 800963paraffin, 640895Patton Escarpment, 630848, 630851Pendragon Escarpment, 800955phenol, 640897phenolic-type humps, series, 640902phytadiene, 640897phytoplankton-rich environment, 640897polar material, 640897pressure-cooker effect, 640902primary degradation products, 640883pristene, 640896, 640897protokerogen, 640885pyrite, 630848rift valleys, 640883San Andreas Fault, 640883San Miguel Gap, 630848, 630851sedimentation rate, 640883silicate, 630838sill, 640883, 640885, 640902sources, 640718spreading, 640883spreading axis, 640883stable isotope, 630838sterane, 640897stereoisomers, 640902structure, 630848sulfur, 630838, 640902sulfur, elemental, 640902surface sediment, 640897synthetic polymers, 640884temperature effects, 630849terrigenous higher plant components,

630851terrigenous plant wax influx, 640902thermal degradation, 630850thermal degradation products, structure,

640884thermal stress, 630849, 630851, 640902thermocatalytic effects, elevated, 630848

transform fault, 640883triterpane, 640897tuff, 630849tuff, pumiceous, 630848tuff, vitric, 630851turbidite, diatom, 640883unresolvable mixture, 640883unresolved complex hump, 640895, 640897upwelling, 640895Walvis Bay, 640895, 640897, 640902Walvis Ridge, 750465yield, 640895

organic matter, 711048, 220673, 500590,711008, 711016

analysis, 950655Aptian-Jurassic, 711016Atlantic Ocean W, 770070evolution, 500570geochemistry, 640855, 640857, 640858Goban Spur, 800970, 800974higher plants origin, 711008Pendragon Escarpment, 800970petrology, 500568, 500610, 500612Porcupine Plain, 800970, 800972source, 380805vertical distribution, 711006, 711008

organic matter, geochemistry, 800986Cenomanian-Maestrichtian abyssal plain,

800987Pendragon Escarpment, 800986

organic matter maturity, 800984organic petrographyCenomanian-Maestrichtian abyssal plain,

800987Pendragon Escarpment, 800986

organic petrology, 47A0513paleoenvironmental comparison, shale,

black, 711029palynological residueinsoluble detritus, 640730organic matter, maturation index, 640748pyrite, 640739

paraffin, 220675, 241165Patton Escarpment, 13C, 630944pentane, 241165pentane-soluble fraction, 220674petroleum, source bed, 240791, 240793phytane, 241165, 711008plant material, 870898preliminary organic analyses, 111022,

160585, 170577, 42B0724pristane, 241165, 711008pristene, 711048, 711048progenitor phase, 711049protokerogen, hydrothermal effects, 640905,

640906, 640908, 640909, 640910, 640911,640912

pyrite, 711006Quaternary sediments, 640925carbon, 640926hydrogen, 640926nitrogen, 640926protokerogen, 640930

Red Sea, 241165reducing microenvironments, 711008resin, cuticles, 870898Rio Grande Gap, geochemistry, 720841Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Nankai Trough, 870880Rockall Bank, organic matter, 810823Rockall Plateau, sediments, 810807, 810812,

810815, 810818San Miguel Island, 13C, 630944sapropel

Cretaceous, 620895petrography, 130716

sapropelic material algae, 870898

saturate analysis, 220675sedimentalteration, thermal, 410839contact metamorphism, 410821

sediments, 410821alteration, thermal, 410839aromatic systems, 410845basalt, 410839Blake Basin, 760465, 760471carbon, organic, 410839diagenesis, 410845East Pacific Rise, 410840, 410842ethane, 410839exposure, maximum temperature, 410846free radicals, 410843gas, interstitial, 410839heteroatoms, 410847hydrocarbon, 410839hydrocarbon generation potential, 410839hydrocarbon, light, 410839hydrocarbon, liquid, 410839intrusion, 410839, 410845maturation, 410824maturity, organic matter, 410839methane, 410839organic content, 220675organic radicals, 410846organic richness, 410821, 410822petroleum, 410824, 410845propane, 410839shale, black, 410839sill, 410847stability, 410847stable isotope, 410839, 410843, 410845temperature effect, 410847thermal stress, 410843vitrinite, 410845

seep, 220675shaleCretaceous, 500629geochemistry, 430645organic geochemistry, 400561

shale, black, 711006Cretaceous, 410865, 410866, 410868,410869, 410871

deposition, 750823thermal history, 711021

shale, organic-rich, geochemistry, 47A0524shallow cores, amorphous marine origin

material, 220675silt, 220675spores, 870898sterane, 711008terrigenous material, 711049tetrapyrrole, geochemistry, 630793, 630802,

630804, 630808, 640806tetrapyrrole, diagenetic, pigment, 410835toluene, 220673, 241165transport, organic matter, 870881triterpane, cyclic molecules, 711008unsaturated fraction presence, 711009Vigo Seamountcarbon, 47B0559sediments, 410817, 47BO55Oshale, 47B0517shale, black, 47B0533, 47B0534, 47B0535,47B0536

vitrinite, 870898reflectance, 870898

vitrinite-huminite, reflectance, 870898Walvis Ridge, sediments, 751055, 751056,

751057, 751063, 751069, 751070, 751071,751072, 751076, 751077, 751083

kerogen, aliphaticNeogene cores, organic geochemistry, 42A0471organic geochemistry, 640880

Kings Trough 475

organic geochemistry (Cont.)Baja California, 640941Cabo San Lucas, 640879

shale, black, Cretaceous, 410869kerogen, altered, protokerogen, hydrothermal

effects, 640906, 640911kerogen, bituminous

hydrocarbon, extractable, organicpetrology, 630831, 640843, 640851

organic geochemistry, 640901Guaymas Basin, 640945

kerogen, hydrogen-lean, low molecular weight,711035

kerogen, hydrogen-richhydrocarbon, C2-Cg, 711043hydrocarbon, extractable, organic

petrology, 640849kerogen, immature

Japan Trench, 870902Mid-Pacific Mountains W, Aptian sediments,

620910protokerogen, hydrothermal effects, 640906,

640910, 640911kerogen, liptinitic, organic matter,

petrology, 500568, 500610kerogen, recycled

Black Sea, organic geochemistry, 42B0756Japan Trench, 870901

kerogen, vitrinitichydrocarbon, extractable, organic

petrology, 630832organic matter, petrology, 500610, 500612

keto-carotenoid, tetrapyrrole, geochemistry,640803

ketonebitumen, geochemistry, 42B0684, 42B0693carbohydrate, residues, 640881cyclic components, 660561diagenesis, 660567Hess Rise, Albian sediment, 620939hydrocarbon, higher weight, 080877hydrocarbon, Cj-C7, volatile organic

compounds, 571349hydrocarbon, triterpanoid acids, 241160kerogen, organic geochemistry, 640883,

640885limestone, Albian, 620923, 620924, 620925,

620930lipid, 571367, 610613, 630763, 630771

comparisons, 660569diagenesis, 630770ketone, aliphatic, 571376ketone, unsaturated long-chain, 571376organic geochemistry, 640883, 640885paleoenvironment, 660567

lipid, eolian, Pleistocene, 47A0542Mesozoic sediments, organic geochemistry,

500638Middle America Trench, oceanic plate, 660569mud, terrigenous, organic geochemistry,

42B0751mudstone

Cretaceous, 47A0542Eocene, 480936, 480938

organic geochemistry, 590647, 640877Cabo San Lucas, 640879gulf mouth, 640878lipid, 630838, 630839

preliminary organic analyses, 170563shale, organic geochemistry, 42B0751shale, black, Cretaceous, 480936, 480938,

751022, 751029tetrapyrrole, geochemistry, 630791Vigo Seamount, Cretaceous sediments, 47B0567

ketone, acyclic, lipid, 630766, 630767ketone, aliphatic

kerogen, organic geochemistry, 640887lipid, 571375

ketone, isoprenoidgeochemical significance, 210909, 210910kerogen, organic geochemistry, 640887lipid

ketone, acyclic, 630766organic geochemistry, 640887

mud, terrigenous, organic geochemistry,42B0751

Pacific Ocean SW, 210909preliminary organic analyses, 170568, 170577shale, organic geochemistry, 42B0751

ketone, long-chainlipid, 630771

hydrocarbon, acyclic, 630764Japan Trench, 571386ketone, acyclic, 630767ketone, aliphatic, 571376ketone, unsaturated long-chain, 571377

Patton Escarpment, 630944San Miguel Island, 630944

ketone, steroidallimestone, Albian, 620924, 620928, 620931lipid, 630763

Japan Trench, 571386ketone, aliphatic, 571375

ketone, triterpenoidkerogen, organic geochemistry, 640890limestone, Albian, 620924lipid

ketone, aliphatic, 571376organic geochemistry, 640890

mud, terrigenous, organic geochemistry,42B0751

organic geochemistry, molecular markers,630844

shale, organic geochemistry, 42B0751Keuper Formation, 230876Kevan nappes, 42A0219, 42A0956Khartala Volcano, Comoro Islands, volcanism,

250533Kheis granite, 400069Kick'em Jenny

eruption, 780086Lesser Antilles, submarine volcanic

edifice, 780094kieserite, evaporites, Miocene, 131237Kii, 870130, 870613Kikai, geochemistry, volcanism, 870699Kilauea, 320953, 550005, 550006, 550007,

550014, 550015, 550023, 550533, 550535,550567, 550603, 550604, 550631, 550660,550670, 550674, 550677, 550685, 550696,550702, 550704, 550747, 610678, 610748,820521

basaltgeochemistry, 550604mineral chemistry, 550631Rb-Sr, 550702

basement, drilling difficulties, 540594lava lake, 330900, 330901, 550583Pacific Ocean E, ferrobasalt, 540843rift, 330781seamounts, ridges, volcanic origin, 330781volcanic rocks, ages, 550670, 550674

Killju, Philippine Sea, Paleogene-Neogene,310851

Kimberley Block, Australia W, continentalmargin, 270581, 270582

Kimkazan Basin, 870258Kimmei Seamount, 550665

Emperor Seamounts, bathymetry, 550848Kimmeric Basin, 42B1017Kinan Seamounts, 580221, 870741

basalt, pillow, 580625

basin genesis, 310859Nankai Trough, heat flow, 870737, 870739Philippine Basin, genesis, 310859spreading center, ridge system, 870737,

870739, 870741tephra, source, 580617, 580992

King Arthur's CanyonGoban Spur, continental margin, 801155regional geology, 801189

King Arthur's Castle, 480995, 481001, 481006,801155, 801158, 801189

flanks, 801161Goban Spur, continental margin, 801124,

801155, 801158, 801161Granite Cliff, 801124regional geology, 801189

King George Sound, 350298Kingman Reef, 170047, 330005, 330651, 330680,

330731, 330922Line Islands, tectonics, 330733lithology, 170063

Kings Park shale, Australia W, continentalmargin, 270581

Kings Trough, 370335, 47B0096, 47B0768,481102, 490407, 941154, 941252, 941133,941134, 941246

accumulation rate, 941148advection, 941145, 941146, 941148, 941145,

941146ash, sediments, 941251, 941258Atlantic Ocean, margin, 481102Atlantic Ocean NE, 941149axis, topography, 941252basalt, 941249, 941251, 941257basement, 941245, 941246, 941248

age, 941149, 941153, 941251bathymetry, 941245, 941246biostratigraphy, 941251, 941255, 941258Braarudosphaera bigβlowi, 941258, 941259breccia, 941133burrows, 941132

calcium, pore water, 941146, 941148chalk, 941091, 941132, 941249compaction, 941147

sediments, 941147composite stratigraphic sequence, 941253compression, Pyrenees, 941149crust, oceanic, 941151, 941153, 941154,

941257Ellipsolithus macellus, sediments, 941251faulting, 941132, 941135, 941246, 941252,

941253, 941257, 941260foraminifers, planktonic

Miocene to Quaternary, 940824, 940825,940826

formation, 941245, 941257, 941260fracture zone, 941153geology, 941245geothermal gradient, 941147

sediments, 941147Iberian margin W, evolution, 47B0768lithology, 941132, 941249, 941250, 941257magnesium, pore water, 941146, 941148magnetic anomaly, 370335, 941149, 941257,

941149magnetostratigraphy, 940639, 940639mineralogy, 941091, 941097origins, 941149polarity zones, 940340pore water, 941145

sediments, 941145porosity, 941147

sediments, 941147Quaternary sediments, 941091regional reflectors, 941257rifting, 941257, 941259, 941260

476 Kintyre

sea floor spreading, 941149seismic profiles, 941133slickensides, 941249, 941251solution structures, chalk, 941132tectonic history, 941149, 941154tectonics, 941092, 941149, 941154, 941245,

941251, 941257, 941259, 941260temperature, 941145terracing, 941246, 941252, 941253Tertiary sediments, 941248, 941250topography, 370335, 941245, 941246, 941252unconformity, angular, 941259, 941260uplifting, 941260volcanism, 941251, 941257, 941258, 941259

Kintyre, 120411kinzigite, Alboran Basin W, 130759Kioroshi formation, 870605, 870606KiribatiLine Islands, tectonics, 330743Marshall Islands, Ellice Islands, 330006,

330062, 330743, 330922Kirkwood Formation, 710882, 710883, 710885,

950799Algoa Basin, 710040, 710448Cohausey Sand, 950799depositional history, 950798Falkland Plateau E, sedimentation, 360887formations, 360887

Kita Daito Basin, 580629, 580970Kita Daito Jima, 220477basin genesis, 310870Philippine Basin, genesis, 310870

Kitakami, Honshu N, 560539Kitakami Mountains, 560449, 560457, 560473,

870638Kitakami-Abukuma Mountains, 560451, 560473Kitaura Formation, 310851Kitaura orogenyPacific Ocean EC, geologic history, 090921Tohoku Arc, geology, 870716

Kiyokawa Formation, 870605, 870606Kizil Dag Massif, 42A0906Neogene formations, paleogeography, 42A0904

Kizil Irmak, 42B0608Kjolby Gaard, Denmark, 390703, 430604Klamath Mountains, 050536, 180910, 180964

mudstone, petrology, 180907, 180909sand, mineral, heavy, 180879

Klamath River, 050536, 180879sand, mineral, heavy, 180878

Klepini siltstone, Neogene formations,paleogeography, 42A0908

Klitgord Domedeposition, 950784regional seismic grid, borehole data

extrapolation, pre-Campaniandepositional history, 950773

Knip Group, 150973Knipovich RidgeAtlantic Ocean, margin, 481102axis, 381210basalt, chemistry, 38SO135, 380747Greenland Seaash, 38S0240geologic setting, 38SO2O5, 38S0207glass, 38S0240

magnetic anomaly, 381238mineralogy, 38S0135red beds, turbidites, 38S0270tectonics, 381238

magnetic anomaly, 381238Norwegian Sea, 381213

tetrapyrrole, geochemistry, 630813Knipovich Rift, 381218bathymetry, 38S0461magnetic anomaly, 38S0461

Knorr trace, seismic reflection, 820017Knox Coast, Antarctica, 280007, 280153Knysna

Plettenberg Bay, 250691Rio Grande Rise N, regional setting,

250689, 250691Kodiak, 180005, 180287, 180517, 180833,

180835, 180969, 180974, 660835, 840913,930910

lithology, 180503tectonic history, 180965upper continental slope, 180501

Kodiak Formation, 660834Kodiak Seamount, 180287, 180407, 180943Koenigsbergen ratio, 650707, 650711, 650732,

730692, 730697Barbados Ridge, basalt, 780591basalt, 690699, 690702, 690722, 830334,

830341, 830350Barbados Ridge, 780591Blake Basin, 760701, 760702magnetic properties, 340502, 340771,511394

magnetism, 41S0999,, 460357massive flow, 690699viscous remanent magnetization, 340479

basalt, pillow, 690699basement

magnetic properties, 370497Paleomagnetism, 370430

Bermuda Risebasalt, 291109, 511338, 511351, 511356,

511392, 511394basement, 511379, 511381, 511383, 511387

Bermuda Triangle, basalt, 511363, 511366,511367, 511370, 511376

Blake Basin, basalt, 760701, 760703carbonate, dilution, 901274Emperor Seamounts, basalt, 550727FAMOUS area, emplacement, 370465igneous rocks, Paleomagnetism, 38SOOO3limestone, magnetism, 41S0999magnetic properties, 511363, 511366,

511367, 511376Bermuda Rise, 511370massive flow, 511370

magnetism, 650732Mendoza Rise, basalt, 920527Mid-Atlantic Ridge

basalt, 280871, 320571, 490769, 490772,490782, 490785, 490788, 490790

magnetic observations, 490807mineral, magnetic, 830341Paleomagnetism, igneous rocks, 151019Reykjanes Ridgebasalt, 490769, 490772magnetic observations, 490807

weak-field susceptibility, 630747koettlitz marble, glaciation, onset, 280758Kohala Volcano, 411111, 550115, 550603Hawaii NW, magnetic lineation, 411111

Kohan Formation, 061289Koko, 550017, 550290, 550298, 550431, 550567,

550685, 550780, 550782, 550802, 550845volcanism, 550023

Koko Ridge, 550059Koko Seamount, 320005, 320215, 320227,

320296, 320443, 320537, 320727, 320825,320835, 320930, 320941, 320942, 320945,320953, 320954, 330005, 330318, 550007,550010, 550014, 550022, 550025, 550067,550069, 550115, 550116, 550148, 550292,550329, 550354, 550421, 550424, 550425,550430, 550431, 550433, 550660, 550688,550699, 550760, 550762, 550763, 550767,550801, 550848, 550830

bathymetry, 550848carbonate, 550420diagenesis, 320521

diagenesis, carbonate, 320521geology and vertical tectonic history,

550771gravity, 320395limestone, 320537

shallow water, 320538lithology, 320220magnetic anomaly, 320394sea floor, 320394

Kokoamu greensand, New Zealand W, 38S0688Kokumoto Formation, 870615, 870620Kolbeinsey Ridge, 370599, 370993, 38S0106,

38S0248, 380748, 380752, 381213Koloa, 550106Komandorskiye Basinbasement, 190575Pacific Ocean N, Bering Sea, 190909reflection profiles, 190574topography, 190574turbidites, deposition, 190575

Komandorskiye Islands, 190003, 190005,190009, 190010, 190413, 190573, 190574,190615, 190645, 190751, 190815, 190860,190887, 190902

Pacific Ocean Nbasalt, 190903plate movement, 190902

ridges, 190421Aleutian Ridge, 190859

Komandorskiye Ridge, 190421Aleutian Islands, segment, 190859

komatiiteboninite

crystallization, 600700geothermometry, 600697

Koolau, 550702volcano, 550699

Kopet-Dag, 200107, 42A0944ridges, 200107Tethys, Mediterranean Sea, 42A0944, 42A0945

Korea, 291100, 870695Paleogene-Neogene, 310837, 310850Myeoncheon, 310851Pohang, 310850, 310851

Philippine Sea, Paleogene-Neogene, 310837,310850, 310851

Pleistocene, Pliocene foraminifers, 310693Korigole Thrust, 300703Korojon calcarenite, 220808Koroko, Japan, volcanic arc, 340383Koronia Formation, 42B1185Koronia limestone, Neogene formations,

paleogeography, 42A0906, 42A0920Koryak Mountains, 190887Pacific Ocean N, plate movement, 190902

Kosciusko Uplift, Pacific Ocean SW, WesternMarginal Basin Province, 210900

Kosyun Formation, 061289Kreyenhagen Formation, 340747, 38SO3OO,

950352, 950370Kronotsk-Tumrok, transverse zone, 550853Kronotski Volcano, 550851, 550852, 550853krypton

Bermuda Rise, basalt, 511121, 511122, 511125Costa Rica Rift Zone, basalt, 830308interstitial water, 200778

Ku Peninsula, grain size, sediments, 870621Kuban River, 42B0499, 42B0653Kuialnik Basin, 42B1017Kuiseb River, 750766Kula

continental plate, 350270, 621074, 641281Gondwana, dispersal, 260947

Kyushu-Palau Ridge 477

Pacific Oceanridge, 600036, 621062, 621067, 870714spreading center, 600911

Pacific Plate, continental plate, 610841Philippines, genesis, 310876ridges, 190900spreading center, Pacific Ocean, 600040,

600911Kula Ridge, 190633, 190900, 550018, 550023,

550703, 590754lithology, 180295Pacific Ocean N, plate movement, 190900

Kumano, physiography, Tanabe, 870613Kumrok, ridge, 550852Kunene River. See Cunene RiverKuno, boninite, classification, 600697Kupe Abyssal Plain, 300620, 300624, 300628Pacific Ocean SW, island arcs, 300703South Fiji Basingeology, 300620, 300624, 300625, 300626,

300627history, 300630, 300631

Kupferschiefer Formation, 38S0764Kupferschiefer Sea, 38S0764Kure, 550005Kuria Muria Islands, 230497, 230498Kuril Basin, 870563Kuril Islands, 180693, 190464, 190555,

190806, 190822, 200736, 590793, 600475,660006, 670581, 880147

active island arc, 561008Aleutian Islands, 880020arc, 860647cusp, 550853

basalt, 650667gas, 450647island arc, 670581

bitumen, Pacific Ocean SW, 4506473He/4He ratio, gas, 870861ice rafting, 561095ice-rafted debris source areas, 860647,

860649Kamchatka, 190463, 670581

Aleutian Islands, 860649Kuril Trench, arc, 870564lithology, 190556volcanism, 200033, 200389, 320928

Kuril Ridge, Pacific Ocean N, plate movement,190902

Kuril Trench, 190464, 190616, 190860, 190889,190902, 290836, 320394, 320933, 550005,550365, 550387, 550677, 550851, 560449,560476, 560479, 560502, 560556, 560557,660678, 880129

Aleutian Trench, 880005Kuril Islands, arc, 870564Pacific Ocean Nclay, 190908plate movement, 190902

silt, 561009Kurkar Group, 42B1196, 42B1212Kurokoash, deposit, 870684Tohoku Arc, geology, 870714, 870716volcanism, explosive, Neogene, 870718

Kuroko Formation, 870685Kuroshio, 580587, 580675, 580992, 870286Kuroshio Current. See Japan CurrentKusaie, 200097, 200523, 610038, 610115,

890215, 890600Kuskokwim River, delta, 190887Kuster Formation Sampler, 230540, 230545Kutch, Gulf of, 230484Kuznetsk, Soviet Union, 390863kyanite

Black Sea

mineral, terrigenous, 42B0654sediments, 42B0378

Caribbean Sea, sediments, 150937Eastern Gulf Province, sand, 960534Falkland Plateau, basement, 360910Ganges Fan, sand, 220711lithology, 150279, 290275

oozes, 120683turbidites, 120683

mineral, heavyArabian Sea, 230498Cuvier Plain, 270524

Mississippi Province, sand, 960534petrology, sand, 960499Rockall Plateau, Paleogene sediments, 810653terrigenous minerals, mineralogy, 250437Wharton Basin, sand, 220711

kyanite-staurolite, petrology, sand, 960499Kyrenia

Antalya Basin, Gediz Mountain, 42A0975Neogene formations, paleogeography, 42A0903

Kyrenia Formation, 42B1185Kyrenia Range, 42A0262Kythera Island. See Cerigo IslandKythreaflysch, 42A0238, 42A0910Neogene formations, paleogeography,

42A0908, 42A0910, 42A0912Kythrea Basin, Neogene formations,

paleogeography, 42A0908, 42A0911, 42A0914Kythrea Fault, 42A0904Kythrea Formation, 42B1185

lithology, 42A0236Kythrea Group, Neogene formations,

paleogeography, 42A0908, 42A0909,42A0913, 42A0919, 42A0921

Kyushu, 580598, 580665, 870620, 870924, 870942alteration, remnant arc debris, 590741basin genesis, 310875detrital modal analysissand, 870623turbidites, 870623, 870624

geochemistry, volcanism, 870699offshoreimbricate thrust blocks, 870942Kyushu-Palau Ridge, 870942mud, clay, 870942Nankai Trough, 870942

Philippine Sea, Paleogene-Neogene, 310837rare earth elements, tuff, 590653sandstone, 580661volcanics, 870613volcanism, explosive, Neogene, 310577,

310587Kyushu coal field, sandstone, 580665Kyushu S, 580661Kyushu-Palau Ridge, 060293, 580003, 580004,

580022, 580043, 580109, 580110, 580221,580569, 580643, 580677, 580706, 580707,580708, 580787, 580805, 580943, 580951,580953, 580959, 580970, 580996, 590023,590111, 590141, 590144, 590321, 590331,590335, 590405, 590407, 590419, 590487,590495, 590497, 590509, 590511, 590512,590516, 590533, 590551, 590557, 590568,590589, 590591, 590592, 590597, 590598,590614, 590621, 590622, 590651, 590656,590707, 590739, 590781, 590787, 590793,590803, 590805, 590806, 590807, 590811,590812, 590814, 600033, 600251, 600267,600450, 600602, 600613, 600628, 600653,600709, 600722, 600895, 600896, 600899,600909, 600916, 600920, 730630, 870742,870942, 310006, 590491, 590492, 600415

alteration, remnant arc debris, 590737,590739

andesite, pyroxene, 590693arc formation, 590149Atlantic Ocean NW, physical properties,

310544, 310545basalt, 590783geochemistry, 590753, 590754, 590779,

590782, 590783, 590787, 590794, 590795K/Ar age, 590729, 590730mineralogy, 590753petrology, 580843, 590753pyroxene, 590693, 590702, 590703

basalt, alteredgeochemistry, 580791, 580806, 580807major element, 580874, 580875petrochemistry, 580791trace elements, 580874, 580875

basementchemistry, 600623geochemistry, 590743, 590744, 590746,

590749, 590751, 600653petrography, 600653

basin genesis, 310857, 310859, 310862,310863, 310864, 310868, 310875, 310876

Iwo Jima Ridge, 310875Oki-Daito Ridge, 310876

bathymetry, 590491boninite, geothermometry, 600695breccia, volcanic

composition, 590782Oligocene, 590030

calc-alkalic rocks, 590424carbonate, 590612chlorite, 590602

source, 590600clastic wedge source, 580995clay, 580669, 580676

source, 580965claystone, source, 580965crust, oceanic, 590493deposition, history, 590028foaster hamatus, 590590Eocene, 590037evolution, 590741, 590806, 590807genetic role, 590111geochemistry, formation, 600628geologic evolution, 590418glass, volcanic, 590603hydrocarbon, extractable, organic

petrology, 580755Hyuga Basin, 870942igneous rocks

chemical composition, 590719, 590721,590724, 590725

geochemistry, 600613island arc, 580895Kyushu, offshore, 870942lithology, 310034, 310204, 310205major element, argillaceous sediments,

580724marine sediments, 580992Neogene diatoms, 310779, 310782northern, central parts differences, 590129ooze, carbonate, 590326Paleogene-Neogene, 310848, 310848petrology, 600897Philippine Basin, genesis, 310857, 310859,

310862, 310863, 310864, 310868Philippines, genesis, 310875, 310876physical properties, 310544planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy,

310677plutonic rock, elastic wave velocities,

310609pyroxene, geothermometry, 590693radiolarians, 310704, 310709rare earth elements, 590653

478 Kyushu-Palau Ridge W

rare earth elements (Cont.)trace elements, 590662, 590663tuff, 590653, 590654, 590655

refraction velocity, 590148remnant arc, 590111alteration, 590737

sedimentary apron, 590021sedimentation, 590592sedimentation rate, 870742silicoflagellates, 310765Sr isotope, 590719alteration, 590721isotopic composition, 590725major element, 590721trace elements, 590724

structure, 310619sundering, 590621tectonism, vertical, 590037Th/Hf ratio, 590746tholeiite

arc, 590681geochemistry, 590681, 590682, 590685,590687, 590688, 590690, 590692

major element, 590707tuff, vitric, 590519volcanic activity, 590028, 590614

cessation, 590129volcanic components, 590028volcanic debris, 590023, 590113volcanic sequence, 590129, 590147volcaniclastics, 590621

source, 580706volcanics, fore arc, 600722volcanism, 590021cessation, 590425mineral evolution, 600450

volcanism, calc-alkalic, 590687volcanism, explosive, Neogene, 310577,

310587West Mariana Basin, metallogenesis, 590651see also Philippine Sea

Kyushu-Palau Ridge WPhilippine Basin, genesis, 310857, 310859Philippine Sea, 310006