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THE DOMAINS OF LITERACY:EMERGENT LITERACY STAGE
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
K-3 Early Language, Literacy, andNumeracy Training
Stages of Reading DevelopmentChall, 1983, cited in Hermosa, 2002
Stage Grade/ Age Range
Stage 0PREREADING
Preschool(ages 6 months to 6 years
Stage 1: INITIAL READING AND DECODING
Grade 1 and Beginning Grade 2(ages 7 -8 years)
Stage 2: CONFIRMATION AND FLUENCY
Grades 2 and 3(ages 8-9)
Felicitas E. Pado
Stages of Reading DevelopmentRosko et. Al, 2010
Stage Grade/ Age Range
Stage 0Emergent Literacy
Birth to Preschool
Stage 1: Decoding/Beginning ReadingStage 2: Confirmation and Fluency
Kinder to Beginning Grade 1 End of Grade 1 until Grade 3
Felicitas E. Pado
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FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Learner Characteristics and the Domains of Literacy
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Learner Characteristics:•understand the picturebooks and stories read tothem•relies on pictures in text•pretends to readretelling story whenlooking at pages of book previously read to them•gains control of orallanguage•recognizes rhymes•starts recognizing letters•writes own name
Literacy Domains:•Attitude towardsliteracy, language andliterature•ListeningComprehension•Oral language devt.•Phonologicalawareness•Book and printorientation•Alphabet knowledge
Handwriting
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Domain: Attitude towards literacy, language and literature(Pagpapahalaga sa Literasi, Wika at Panitikan)
Having a sense of being a reader and developing individual choices of and tastes for texts to read for various purposes such as for learning or for pleasure
Developing positive attitude towards Language, Literacy and
Literature• Listening to stories
read by the parent/teacher.
• Having a print-rich
environment.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Felicitas E. Pado
I wish I could read that
book.
I want to read that story.
Storyreading
I love to “read”
FELICITAS E. PADO
The ability to read is a big predictor of success in school.
Domain: Listening Comprehension(Pag-unawa sa Napakinggan)
A complex and active process in which vocabulary knowledge is a crucial component and which requires an intentional and thoughtful interaction between the listener and the text.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Ways of Sharing a Story
• Shared Reading
• Storyreading (Read-aloud)
• Guided Reading
• Storytelling
Shared Reading
Text
• is predictable
• has repetitive lines
• is rhythmic
Isang araw, lumabas si Manok
Tak, tak patak.
“Uulan yata,” sabi ni Manok.
Siya ay tumakbo sa munting kubo at
doon sumukob.
Lumabas si Pagong.
Tak, tak patak.
“Uulan yata,” sabi ni Pagong.
Siya ay tumakbo sa munting kubo at doon sumukob. FELICITAS E. PADO
Storyreading
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Guided Reading
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Why Share Stories?
Aside from developing positive attitude towards LLL, storyreading
• improves the pupils’ attentionspan
• develops or improves theirlistening comprehension
They are introduced to oral language, vocabulary and concept development
Felicitas E. Pado
sprinkler
weeds
• They are exposed to bookhandling behaviors
Felicitas E. Pado
Felicitas E. Pado
• . . . draw something about the story . . .. . .write down their ideas (composing).
“After listening to a story, they may . . .
• Stories may be used forintroducing a grammar lesson
(The use of This is a and This is an)
1. This is an apple.2.This is an orange.3. This is a pear.4. This is a strawberry.
Felicitas E. Pado
Likewise, stories are springboard for values development
• being a good brother/sister
• being friendly
• knowing how to share
• being patient
• being helpful
Felicitas E. Pado
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Domain:Oral language (in the language of literacy)
(Wikang Binibigkas)
Oral language refers to one’s knowledge and use of the structure, meanings and uses of the language.
• Literacy development depends on thedevelopment of oral language (in thelanguage of literacy).
• One cannot be successful in learning toread (and write) in a language that hedoes not understand.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Multilingual Literacy and Oral Language Development
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Literacy in L1
(MT)
Literacy in L2
(Fil)
Oral Language Development
Literacy in L2
(Eng)
Developing oral language
• Storyreading activities
• Poems, rhymes, jingles, finger plays
• Dramatizations, dialogues
• Lots of “talking” activities in theclassroom: Show and Tell, I Spy . .
• “News” sharing
• Play activities
FELICITAS E. PADO
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Domain :
Phonological awareness involves work with rhymes, syllables, onsets and rimes.
Phonological Awareness(Kamalayang Ponolohiya)
Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about and work with the individual sounds in spoken words.
Activities to develop phonological awareness• Poem recitation by the whole class, by
groups, by individual pupils
• Rhyme detection
• Syllable detection
• Explicit teaching
Do they rhyme?
How many syllables?
What is the beginning sound? theending sound?
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
• Detecting the onset
Ano ang umpisang tunog ng salitang
mais?
sawa?
bata?
• Detecting the rime
Ano ang huling tunog sa salitang
gatas?
patatas?
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Domain: Book and Print Knowledge(Kaalaman sa Aklat at Limbag
refers to knowing and being acquainted with books and how print works.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Holding the bookcorrectly
Identifying the partsof a book: front andback cover, and itspages
Knowing that a bookhas an author and anillustrator and tellingwhat they do
Sino ang makatuturo
ng pamagat ng
babasahin kong
kuwento?
Sino ang makababasa
ng pamagat?
Ang kuwentong ito ay
sinulat ni
__________.
Ang mga drowing sa
aklat na ito ay iginuhit
ni ______________.
Knowing where a story begins
Flipping the pages of the booksequentially, from the front to the back
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Tracking the story line from left toright and from top to bottom while thestory is being read to them.
Making the correct return sweep
Consistently looking at the left pagefirst before looking at the right page.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
.
Making one to one correspondencebetween written and spoken words
Telling that print in the form of wordscorresponds to speech
Recognizing that print messagesrepresent spoken language and conveymeaning
Modeling Book handling behavior
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Domain:
.
Alphabet Knowledge(Kaalaman sa Alpabeto)
The ability to recognize, name, and sound out all the upper and lower case letters of the alphabet.
Each letter of the alphabethas a namehas an upper and a lower caseis written in a certain wayhas a distinct sound
A beginning reader should be able to do the following:
1. Identify the letters of thealphabet.
2. Name each letter.
3. Sound each letter (if teachingreading in Filipino);
Sound each consonant (ifteaching reading in English)
FELICITAS E. PADO
4. Match the upper with the lower caseletters.
5. Write all the letters of the alphabet,both the upper and the lower case.
6.. Give the letter that begins (ends) the name of a given object/picture.
5. Identify the letters in given words.
FELICITAS E. PADO
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
The ability to form letters through manuscript and cursive styles
Handwriting(Pagsulat)
Guidelines in Teaching the Letter Names
1. Learning the letters need not necessarily be in alphabetical order; it need not start with letter Aa.
1. Present pictures whose names start with a target letter. (Vocabulary development )
3. Let them “read” with you thenames. Draw their attention tothe beginning letter and let them read this. Write both its upper and lower case letters.
4. Talk about objects/pictures whosenames start with a particular letter:Mm
(manok, mais, melon, mangga, mani . .
• Vocabulary development is integratedwith alphabet recognition.
• The examples given should start with
a single letter (not a blend).
( prutas is not a good example for letter p).
5. Integrate the recognition of lettersto writing them.
. Integrate letter recognition with other subject disciplines, such as:
• Art
• Music
• PE
Some observations on writing (handwriting)
• The ability to write legibly is dependenton the development of the child’s finemotor skills.
• Reversals of letters and words are stillcommon before age 8.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Activities in a Preschool/Grade 1 Class
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
•Sharing ActivitiesNews sharing OLnursery rhymes poem recitation PA songs Show and Tell . . . OL•Storyreading by the teacher ALLL•Story discussion LC•Direct instruction on the letters of thealphabet AL
Sample of a Week’s LessonEveryday
• Sharing Activities
- Group singing
-Poem recitation: whole class, groups,individual
-News sharing
Today is Monday.
It is a sunny day.
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Oral language developmentPhonological awareness
Day 1
• Storyreading by the teacher
-prereading activities:
unlocking difficult words,
motivation
motive question
-discussion of the pictures on the cover,pointing/reading the title of the story, readingthe name of the author and illustrator
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Vocabulary devtOral language devtComprehension: • Accessing prior knowledge• PredictingBook and print orientation
-reading the story by the teacher
Flipping the pages
Tracking the storyline
-teacher pauses and asks
a question
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Positive attitude towards LLLListening comprehensionBook and print orientation
Day 2:
Discussion of the story
• Who?
• What?
• Where?
• When?
• If you were . . .
• Do you think . . .
• Which happened first . . .
• Why do you think . .FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Listening comprehensionOral language devt
Day 3
-response/s to the story through
drawing
dramatization/role play
composing
retelling
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Listening comprehensionOral languageComposing
• learning the letters and handwriting
- Introduction: vocabulary for a certain letter
(pictures of words starting in Ss)
- Introducing the letter name
- Introducing the letter sound
-Matching and Writing the upper and lowercase letters
-ExercisesFELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
VocabularyAlphabet knowledgeHandwriting
Day 4
• Grammar (oral)
-Introduction: (use the story as springboard)
-Teaching/ Modeling
Example: We use a when . . .
We use an when . . .
-Games/Exercises
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
Grammar awarenessOral Language
Day 5
• Learning a Letter and
handwriting
- Introduction: vocabulary for a certain letter
(pictures of words starting in Ss)
- Introducing the letter name
- Introducing the letter sound
-Matching and Writing the upper and lower case letters
-ExercisesFELICITAS E. PADO, PhD
VocabularyAlphabet knowledgeHandwriting
MARAMING SALAMAT!
FELICITAS E. PADO, PhD