Just Enough English Grammar Illustrated - CONJUNCTIONS

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    CHAPTER7

    CONJUNCTIONS

    7.1 What Is a Conjunction? 11

    7.2  Joining Words 118

    7.3  Joining Phrases 119

    7.4  Joining Sentences

    7.5 Review Eercises 121

    Nouns

    Adjectives

    Ponouns "e#sAdve#s

    Pe$ositions ConjunctionsIntejections

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    11!

    Copyright © 2008 by Gabriele Stobbe. Click here for terms of use.

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    11

    7.1 %&'t Is ' Conjunction(

    This is the final group of important words for forming

    sentences that we will study. The most common conjunctions

    that will  be introduced in this chapter are and, or, and but.

    A conjunction joins words or a group of words

    of the same type.

    'ndo #ut

    A conjunction is a word used to join similar elements in a

    sentence. These elements can be words, phrases, or

    sentences. The conjunctions introduced in this chapter are

    also called coordinating conjunctions, because theycoordinate elements that are similar .

    7.2 Joinin) %ods

    Here are examples that illustrate how conjunctions join

    words — first, nouns with nouns, and then, adjectives

    with ad jectives.

    * 'nd e"resses addition

    The following example shows and used as a

    con junction between two wor ds.

    Example: #nna 'nd Ja$e

    Noun Conjunction Noun

    Two nouns — in this case, the names of people — are joined  by

    the conjunction and, maing it possible to form a sentence

    such as Anna and Jake are friends.

    * o e"resses a choice

    The next example shows or used as a conjunction between

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    two wor ds.

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    Example: %aria o #nna

    Noun Conjunction Noun

    Two nouns are  joined by the conjunction or, indicating a

    choice in a !uestion such as Can Maria or Anna come over?

    "onjunctions can be used to join adjectives as well.

    Example: green o "in$ &i$ini

     Adjective Conjunction  Adjective

    Two e!ual elements—adjectives—are joined by the con junction

    or. A full sentence could read Maria wears her green or

    pink bikini almost every day during the summer.

    7.3 Joinin) P&'ses

    #n addition to joining two words of the same ind,con junctions can also be used to join two phrases.

    * 'nd e"resses addition

    The following example shows and used as a conjunction

     between two prepositional phrases.

    Example: 'or Ja$e 'nd (or %aria

    Prepositional

    PhraseConjunction Prepositional

    Phrase

    Here, two prepositional phrases are  joined by the con junction

    and. A full sentence could read The hula girl performed

    f or Jake last week and for Maria this week .

    * o e"resses a choice

    The following example shows or used as a conjunction

     between two prepositional phrases.

    Example:

    )ear the "oo* o in the *oc$erroo+

    PrepositionalPhrase

    Conjunction PrepositionalPhrase

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    Two  prepositional phrases  joined with the conjunction or

    could form the !uestion s the lifesaver near the pool or in

    the locker room?

    7.4 Joinin) Sentences

    "onjunctions can also combine two sentences, just as they

     join words or phrases.

    * 'nd e"resses addition

    The following example shows and used as a conjunction

     between two sentences.

    We went to the "oo*,

     -he %i**er (a+i*. went to the "arade,

    We went to the "oo*/ 'nd the %i**er (a+i*. went to the"arade,

    Sentence

    ConjunctionSentence

    #n this example, two e!ual elements — in this case, two

    complete sentences — are joined by the conjunction and$ theyare now combined into a single sentence.

    * #ut e"resses contrast

    The following example shows but used as a conjunction

     between two sentences.

    #** the (riends

    ca+e, %aria was

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    not there,

    #** the (riends ca+e/ #ut %aria was not there,

    SentenceConjunction

    Sentence

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    !

    The conjunction but is also used to combine two sentences

    into one. However, the use of the conjunction but ex presses

    contrast in the sentence, while the conjunction and

    ex presses addition.

     Hi nt : When using conjunctions, make  sure to join words or

     groups of words of the same type.  Later in your  studies,

    ot her conjunctions will be introduced that combine elements

    t hat are different. These conjunctions have different r ul e s.

    7.5 Revie+ E,ecises

    A %nderline the conjunction in each sentence.

    &. 'oes (en have a  brother and a sister )

    *. +he  plays the piano and the guitar .

    . -ae eats hot dogs or pia for dinner .

    /. Anna and Andy play outside.

    0. The 1owers are  blue and  pin .

    2. He does not lie eggs or bacon.3. +he sings and dances.

    - 'etermine whether the conjunction in red typeex presses addition, a choice, or contrast. 4rite A for

    addition, C! for 

    a choice, or C for contrast.

    &. (en lies ice cream, but +usan lies  popsicles.  *. +he will go to the party or to the beach.  

    . 5aria and -ae watch television.

    /. They see the stars and the moon.

    0. The dog bars, but the cat purr s.

    2. (en wals or taes the bus.

    3. He dives and  jumps in the water .

    C "omplete each sentence with the appropriatecon junction. "hoose one of the following6 and, or, but.

    &. He enjoys reading r unning.

    *. 4ill he dance with +usan 5ar ia)

    . Anna has  brown hair  blue eyes.

    /. He wants to swim, she wants to sur f .

    0. (en 5aria go to school together .

    2. 'oes she lie roses tuli ps)3. He lies foot ball,  he  prefers soccer .