Slide 2 Just Do It! How did World War I help pave the road to
World War II? (Have your Propaganda work out on your desk - we will
look at that after notes) Slide 3 R.I.P. Frank Buckles February 1,
1901 February 27, 2011 Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8
Effects of War Boundaries of European nations were redrawn Old
Empires disappeared Russia, Ottoman, German, Austria-Hungary New
nations emerged Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia (Russia),
Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia (Austria-Hungary), Poland (Germany,
Russia) Aristocratic politics were now a thing of the past Czar was
gone in Russia, Kaiser gone in Germany, Emperor gone in Austria
After 4 years of fighting, European governments were nearly
bankrupt Slide 9 Casualties Approx. 65 million soldiers fought in
the war 9.7 million soldiers killed 21 million wounded (30 million
total casualties) 117,465 US Deaths 205,690 US Wounded 12 million
civilians casualties (disease, starvation) Flu Pandemic (1918-19)
20-40 million dead worldwide Slide 10 Peace of Paris January 1919,
delegates from 27 nations gathered to create peace treaties Germany
was not invited Slide 11 The Big Four Georges Clemenceau - France
Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Vittorio Orlando - Italy David Lloyd George -
Britain Slide 12 Peace of Paris January 1919, delegates from 27
nations gathered to create peace treaties Germany was not invited
The Big Four made most of the decisions Wilson was idealistic;
others were nationalistic (remember how nationalism caused the
war?) 14 Points Slide 13 Wilson's shorthand notes for the "Fourteen
Points" speech. Slide 14 Peace of Paris January 1919, delegates
from 27 nations gathered to create peace treaties Germany was not
invited The Big Four made most of the decisions: US Woodrow Wilson
Great Britain - David Lloyd George France - Georges Clemenceau
Italy Vittorio Orlando Wilson was idealistic; others were
nationalistic (remember how nationalism caused war?) Slide 15
Treaty of Versailles War Guilt Germany was to blame for war; gave
Austria blank check to start war Germans to pay $31 billion
reparations (amounted to 38% of its national wealth) 100,000 man
army banned draft & manufacturing of major weapons Mandates
Lost land to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Poland (Polish Corridor),
overseas colonies (Africa to France/Britain; Pacific islands to
Australia, New Zealand, Japan) Slide 16 Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to give away 13% of its territory Slide 17 Slide
18 Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to give away 13% of its
territory This meant the loss of: 6 million people 65% of iron ore
reserves 45% of coal 72% of zinc 10% of factories Germany was
financially ruined Versailles left Germany bitter Slide 19 Treaty
of Versailles US Senate had to ratify the treaty reservationist vs.
irreconcilable vs. internationalist Wilson lost political fight
with Republicans US never joined League of Nations Some thought the
treaty was too lenient "This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for
twenty years. Marshall Foch Some thought it was too harsh Slide 20
Slide 21 Slide 22 In Flanders Fields J. McCrae In Flanders fields
the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our
place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce
heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We
lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved, and were loved, and now
we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you
from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If
ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies
grow In Flanders fields. Slide 23 Letter from the Front "My own
beloved wife... I do not know how to start this letter. The
circumstances are different from any under which I ever wrote
before... We are going over the top this afternoon and only God in
Heaven knows who will come out of it alive... If I am called my
regret is that I leave you and my bairns... Oh! How I love you all
and as I sit here waiting I wonder what you are doing at home. I
must not do that. It is hard enough sitting waiting. Goodbye, you
best of women and best of wives, my beloved sweetheart... Eternal
love from yours for evermore, Jim xxxxxxxx" (Sergeant Major James
Milne survived and was later reunited with his family) "My dear
father... It is a strange feeling to me but a very real one, that
every letter now that I write home to you or to the little sisters
may be the last that I shall write or you read. I do not want you
to think that I am depressed; indeed on the contrary I am very
cheerful. But out here, in odd moments the realisation comes to me
of how close death is to us... With my dear love. Pray for me. Your
son, Frank" (Lance Corporal Frank Earley was killed the day after
writing this letter aged 19) Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26
