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8/18/2019 jurnal baret esofagus
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35 3
R ad iog raph ic F ind ings in
C h ild ren and Y oung A du lts
w ith B a rre tt’s E sophagus
B a r ry S . Y ulis h1
The uppe r-g as tro in te s tin a l e xam ina tio n s o f 3 2 pat ie n ts m ean age , 1 1 years w ith
F re d
C .
23
histo logical ly
p roven B a rre tt ’s e sophagus w e re re v iew ed to eva lua te th e rad io log ic
T ho m as C . H a lp in Jr.3 fin d ings in ch ild ren . A ll p a tie n ts had sym p tom s o f ch ron ic g as tro esophagea l re flu x and /
,
o r esophag itis , in c lud ing atyp ica l f in d ings such as asp ira tio n pneum on ia , s e izu re s , and
fa ilu re to th riv e . Fou rteen patie n ts had o th er d ise ases th a t m igh t p red ispose th em to
a b n o rm a l e s o p h a ge a l m o til ity a n d g a s tro e so p h a g e a l re flu x . T w e n ty -five p a tien ts h a d
s ing le -con tra s t and seven pa tie n ts had doub le -con tra s t exam ina tio n s . Fou r p at ie n ts had
no rm a l s ing le -con tras t s tud ie s ; 24 had gas tro esophagea l re flu x ; 12 had s tric tu re s ; 10
had esophagea l u lce rs ; and on ly fou r h ad h ia ta l h e rn ia s . The m os t no tab le d iffe ren ce
be tw een th e re su lts o f endoscopy and th e uppe r-g as tro in te s tin a l s tud ies w as the ra te
o f d e te c tio n o f e sophagea l u lc ers . T en o f th e patie n ts w ith s ing le -con tra s t s tud ie s had
u lce rs seen at endoscopy bu t no t show n rad io log ic a lly . N o spec ific rad io log ic s igns o f
Barret t ’s
esophagus w ere found , a lth ough m ost o f ou r p atie n ts had abno rm a l uppe r
g astro in tes tin al s tu die s.
C h ro n ic g a s tro e so p h a g e a l re flu x in in fa n ts a n d c h ild re n c a n le a d to se r io u s
se q u e la e , s uc h a s e s o ph a g itis , s tric tu re , g a s tro in te s tin a l b le e d in g , fa ilu re to th riv e ,
se izu re -like a c tiv ity , a sp ira tio n p n e u m o n ia , a n d p o ss ib ly a p n e a an d su d d e n -in fan t-
d ea th synd rom e [1 - 7 ]. T h e de ve lop m en t o f B a rre tt’s e sop hag us in ch ild re n as a
re su lt o f ch ro n ic g a s tro e so p h a g e a l re fiu x h a s n o t b e e n
prop e rly ap p rec ia te d un til
recen tly [6 ]. It occu rs w hen the squa m ou s ep ithe lia l lin ing o f the lo w er esoph agu s
is in ju re d b y ch ro n ic re flu x o f a c id a n d p e p s in a n d th e n re p la ce d b y h e te ro to p ic
co lu m na r e p ith e lium [6 , 7 ]. T h is rep o rt p re sen ts rad iog raph ic find ings in 32 ch ild ren
an d yo ung adu lts w ith h is to lo g ica lly p roven B arre tt’s e sop hag us.
M ate ria ls and M e thods
W e re tro sp e c tive ly re v ie w e d th e u p p e r-g a s tro in te s tin a l se r ie s o f 3 0 ch ild re n a n d y o un g
a du lts re fe rre d to th e p ed ia tric ga s tro en te ro lo g y se rv ice a t R a in bo w B ab ie s an d C h ild ren s
H os p ita l be tw e e n 1 9 78 a n d 1 9 86 , a ll o f w h om h ad sy m p to m a tic g as tro e sop h ag ea l re flu x an d
h is to lo g ic e v id en ce o f es op ha g itis an d B a rre tt’s es op hag us . T h ese pa tie n ts rep res en ted 9%
R ece ive d Jun e 1 0, 1 9 86 ; ac cep te d a fte r rev is io n o f tho se w ith e n do sco p ica lly p ro ve n re flu x e so ph ag itis . T w o ad d itio n a l p a tien ts ha d u pp er-
S e p te m ber 4 , 1 98 6 . g as tro in tes t ina l s tu d ie s a t ou r in s ti tu tion , w ith e nd os cop y a nd b iop sy pe rfo rm ed
e ls e w h e re .
D e pa rtm en t o f R a d io lo gy , U n iv e rs ity H osp ita ls G en de r d is tr ibu tio n w a s e qua l, a n d th e a g e s ra n g e d fro m 6 m o n th s to 2 1 ye a rs o ld (m e a n ,
o f C le ve la nd , 2 07 4 A b in g to n R d ., C lev e lan d , O H yea rs ) .
4 41 06 . A d dre ss re p rin t re qu es ts to B . S . Y u h sh . M os t p a tien ts ha d ch ron ic co m p la in ts (a t lea s t 3 m o n th s ’ du ra tion a nd a s lo ng as se ve ra l
2 D ep a rtm e n t o f P ed ia trics , R a inb o w B a b ies an d ye a rs ). T w e n ty -tw o pa tie n ts p re se n te d w ith co m p la in ts su g ge s tive o f e so ph a g itis , in c lu d in g
C h ic iren sH os p ita l, 2 10 1 A d e lb e rt A d ., C le ve lan d , e p igas tric p a in , d ys pha g ia fo r so lid s , a nd che st d is co m fo rt. E ig h te en pa tien ts h ad ch ron ic
.
v o m itin g ; n in e h a d p ro tra c ted vo m itin g d u rin g in fa n cy . N in e h a d g a stro in te s tina l b le e d in g
3
D ep artm e n t o f
{ 149 }
e d ia trics , T h e M ou n t S in a i (usu a lly o ccu lt b loo d in s to o l), se ven ha d h ea rtbu rn , an d se ven ha d w a te r b ras h . F ive p a tien ts
M ed ica l C en te r, U nive rs ity C irc le , C le ve la nd , O H
. . . . . .
4 41 06 . h ad fa ilu re to th riv e , irr ita b ility , o r po s tu r in g es pe c ia lly w ith fe e d ing . E ig h t pa tie n ts ha d
AJ R 148:3 53 -35 7 , Feb rua ry 1 987 p u lm o na ry p rob lem s , inc lud in g n igh t co ug h , pn eum o n ia , o r ch ron ic a s th m a. F ou rte en pa t ien ts
0 3 61 -8 03 X /8 7 /1 4 8 2-0 3 53 h ad d ise a se s tha t can p re d ispo se to ga s tro es op ha g ea l re flu x . T h ese p a tie n ts in c lud e d fiv e
0 A m er ican R o en tgen R ay Soc ie t y w h o h ad re p a ired e so ph ag e a l a tre s ia , five w ith p sych o m o to r re ta rda tio n , th ree w ith a s th m a
8/18/2019 jurnal baret esofagus
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I 2
3 54 Y U LIS H E T A L. A J A :1 48 , F eb ru a ry 1 98 7
b ein g t re at ed
w ith th eo ph y lline , a n d o n e w ith fam ilia l d ysa u to no m ia .
O ne ch ild w ith p re v io u s e s o p h ag e a l a tre s ia a nd o n e w ith p syc h o m oto r
re ta rd a tion a lso ha d a s thm a. P a tien ts w ith o th e r u nd er ly ing d ise a ses
in c lu de d tw o pa tien ts w ith c ys tic fib ros is , o ne w ith D ow n sy nd rom e
a nd du od e na l a tres ia , o ne w ith a cu te ly m p ho b las tic leu ke m ia in
re la p se , o n e w ith iso la te d co n g e n ita l h ea rt d ise a s e , a n d o n e w ith
re p a ired om ph a loc e le a nd m alro ta tion .
E a ch p a tie n t h a d fle x ib le fib e ro p tic e so p h a g o g a stro sco p y a n d
b io ps y p e rfo rm e d b y a p ed ia tric g as tro e n te ro log is t. A ll b io ps ie s w e re
ta ken u n de r d ire c t e nd o sco p ic v isu a liz a tio n a t lea s t 2 cm p ro x im a l to
th e lo w e r e so p ha ge a l sp h inc te r. B io ps ie s w e re co ns ide re d po s itive
fo r B a rre tt’s es op ha g us if ab n o rm al co lu m n ar ep ith e liu m w as sh o w n :
1 g as tric fu nd ic typ e m uco sa , 2 ju nc tio na l ep ithe liu m re min is ce nt
o f g as tric ca rd ia , a nd /o r
(3 ) sp e c ia lize d co lu m na r e p ith e liu m w ith
v illifo rm su rfac e a n d g o b le t ce lls (6 1 . J u nc tio n a l e p ith e liu m w as in s u f-
fic ien t b y its e lf un les s m ac ros co p ic ev ide nc e o f B a rre tt’s m uc os a w a s
a lso p re se n t 1 6 1 . C olu m na r e p ith e liu m a t e n d o sc o p y w as n o t a lw ays
a pp a re n t; its s a lm on -p in k c o lo r in c h ild re n is d iffic u lt to d is ting u ish
fro m the a p pe aran ce o f in fla m e d sq ua m o us ep ith e liu m [6 , 7 ]. E so ph -
ag itis w as s us pec te d a t e ndo sc op y (e dem a , e ry th em a, friab ility , u l-
ce rs , e xu d a te ) a n d co n firm ed b y b io p sy .
C on tras t s tu d ie s w e re p e rfo rm e d by p ed ia tric rad io lo g is ts a n d by
rad io lo gy re s id en ts w ith va ry in g d eg ree s o f ex pe rie nce . A ll s tud ie s
do n e b y res id en ts w ere su pe rv ised b y s ta ff ra d io log is ts w h o re v iew ed
a ll fi lm s a nd w h o w e re e ithe r p re se n t du rin g flu o rosc op y o r h ad
a cce s s to th e v id e o ta pe for re v iew o f flu o ro sco p y . S e v e n p a tie n ts
h a d d o u b le -co n tra s t e x a m in a tio n s , w h ile 25 in fa n ts a n d c h ild re n
un ab le to co op era te w e re e xa m ine d b y s in g le -c on tras t te chn iq u e .
B a rium w a s g ive n by c up , b ab y bo ttle , fee d in g tube , o r o cc as ion a lly
th ro u gh g as tro s tom y tub e . A ll pa tie n ts ha d ev a lua tio n o f the s tom ac h
an d du o de nu m to ru le o u t ob s tru c tin g g as tric les io ns a n d m alro ta tion .
G astroe so ph ag ea l re flu x w as eva lu a te d by de live rin g a v o lu m e o f
ba riu m app ro ach in g a no rm a l fee d in g , re m o v in g a fe ed ing tub e if
p re s e n t, b u rp in g th e ch ild w h e re a p p ro p r ia te , a n d o b se rv in g th e
pa tie n t, us ua lly in th e su p in e rig h t pos te rio r ob liqu e po s it ion , fo r
sp o n ta n e o u s g a s tro e so p h a g e a l re flu x . If it w as n o t re a d ily a p p a ren t,
the ch ild w a s g ive n w a te r to d rin k ( if h e /sh e w ou ld ) a n d ob se rve d
w hile d r in k in g w ate r (w ater-s ip h o n te s t) . T h e w ate r-s ip h o n te s t w as
c on s id e red p os itiv e if b a riu m re ac he d th e c a rina w ith e sop h ag ea l
d is te n s io n [8 ]. W e m a de n o
e ffo rt to indu ce re flux ex cep t fo r p os ition a l
c h a n g e .
E va lua tio n fo r e so ph ag itis inc lud e d ass ess m e n t o f p e r is ta ls is a nd
a se a rch fo r o th e r e so p h a g e a l a b n o rm a litie s su ch a s u lc e rs a n d
s tr ic tu re s . A bn orm al p e n s ta ls is in c lu d e s a b se n t p e r is ta ls is a n d u n -
c oo rd ina ted n on pro pu ls iv e co n trac tion s w ith to -an d - fro m o tio n o f
b arium in the eso p ha gu s , freq u en tly w ith in co m p le te e m p ty in g o f th e
e s o p h a gu s . A ll s tu d ie s w ere re v ie w ed re tro sp e c tive ly b y a ra d io lo g is t
w ho kn e w th a t e a ch p a tie n t h a d B a rre tt’s e so p h a g u s.
Resu l t s
Thir ty - two
u pper-g as tro in tes tina l s tud ies w ere rev iew ed .
S e v e n pa tien ts h ad dou b le -con tras t exa m in a tio ns , w h ile 2 5
in fa n ts a n d ch ild re n u na b le to co o p e ra te w e re e xa m in e d b y
s ing le -co n tra s t te ch n iqu e . N o pa tien t h ad gas tric -ou tle t ob -
s tru c tion ; h o w e v e r, tw o ch ild re n h a d h a d s u rg ica lly co rre c te d
m alro ta tio n in in fa n cy .
T w en ty -fou r p a tie n ts h ad gas troe sop hag ea l re flux . T w elve
o f th ese pa tien ts h ad u lce rs an d /o r s tric tu res , an d n ine had
ab no rm a l p e r is ta ls is (F ig s . 1 an d 2 ). E igh t p a tien ts h a d n o
g a stro e s o p h ag e a l re flu x , b u t tw o o f
the se d id h av e rad io lo gic
s ign s o f seve re esoph ag it is w ith seve ra l u lce rs and s tric tu res
F ig . 1 . -E s o p ha g ra m
in 1 -ye a r-o ld g irl w ith
repa ire d es op hag ea l a tres ia ,
s ho w ing an anasto m otic s tr ic tu re an d u lc er a r row . C olu m na r e pith eliu m
w as d is tan t fro m s tric tu re , in d is ta l 3 c m o f e s op h ag u s.
F ig . 2 .- E so p h ag r am in 10 -ye ar -o ld bo y sh ow in g m ild co n to u r d efo rm ity
o f d is ta l e so ph ag us b roa d c lo se d a rrow , ulcers th in a rrow ,
a nd fix ed
tra nsv e rse fo lds open
arrow
po in t s to b ar ium trap ped b etw een tra nsve rse
fo ld s) . C o lu m n ar e p ith e lium line d
d is ta l 3 cm o f e so ph ag us .
a n d tw o h a d a b n o rm a l p e r is ta ls is . F o u r p a tie n ts h a d n o rm a l
s in g le -co n tra s t u p p e r-g a s tro in te s tin a l s tu d ie s . T w o o f the s e
p a tien ts ha d e so pha gea l u lce rs v is ib le a t end oscop y.
T en pa tien ts h ad rad io log ica lly de m on strab le e sop hag ea l
u lce rs , u su a lly tw o o r m o re u lce rs th a t w e re sm a ll a n d in th e
d is ta l es o p h a g u s (F ig s . 3 a nd 4 ). T h re e o f th e se p a tie n ts h a d
s in g le -c on tras t s tu d ie s , an d se ve n h a d do u b le -c on tras t u p pe r-
g a stro in te s tin a l s tu d ie s . O n e p a tie n t h a d a d e e p u lce r in
co lu m n a r e p ith e liu m w ith h ia ta l h e rn ia a n d re flu x . T e n m o re
p a tien ts ha d e ndo scop ica lly v is ib le u lce rs n o t app re c ia ted on
s in g le -co n tra s t s tu d y . T h re e p a tie n ts w ith ra d io lo g ica lly d e m -
ons tra te d esopha gea l u lce ra tion s h ad a dd it ion a l u lce rs de -
te c te d en d o s co p ic a lly . O n e o f th e se p a tie n ts h a d h a d a s in g le -
co n tra s t u pp e r-g a s tro in te s tin a l s tu d y , w h ile tw o h a d h a d d o u -
b le -c o n tra s t s tu d ie s . F o r th e d e te c tio n o f e so p h a g e a l u lce rs ,
do ub le -co n tras t e xam ina tio ns p red ic te d end oscop ic f ind ing s
be tte r tha n s in g le -con tras t e xa m in a tio ns d id .
T w e lve pa tie n ts h ad s tric tu res ; seven o f these w e re in the
m id e so p h a g u s, a n d five w e re in th e d is ta l es o p h a g u s. O f th e
se ven m ide sop hag ea l s tric tu re s, th ree w e re a t the s ite o f
an asto m o sis o f p rev ious esoph agea l a tres ia repa irs , and tw o
o f th e s e p a tie n ts h a d a s in g le u lce r a t th e s ite o f th e a n a s to -
m o tic s tric tu re . T w o p a tie n ts d id n o t h a ve s tr ic tu re s co n firm e d
a t en dosco py, a nd tw o o the rs ha d stric tu re s suspec ted a t
en doscop y bu t n o t de m on stra ted o n upp er-gas tro in tes tin a l
s tud ies .
H ia ta l h e rn ia s w e re d e te c te d in fo u r p a tie n ts , w h o w e re 12 ,
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A JA :14 8 , F e bru a ry 1 98 7
B A R R E T T ’S E S O P H A G U S IN C H IL D R E N
35 5
1 5 , 1 9, a nd 2 1
ye a rs o ld , re sp ective ly . E le ven pa tien ts ha d
a b n o rm a l es o p h a g e a l p e ris ta ls is w ith d e la y e d e s o p h a g e a l
e m p ty in g ; fo u r o f th e se h a d h a d e so p h a g e a l a tre s ia . O n e
a d d itio n a l pa tie n t w ith p re v io u s e so p h a g e a l a tre s ia h a d n o
n o ta tio n o f p e r is ta ltic a c tiv ity in h e r ra d io g ra p h ic re p o rt. A d -
F ig . 3 .-E so ph ag ram in 1 6 -y ea r-o ld
bo y sho w in g d is ta l esop hagea l
s tr ic tu re , u lc er s t h in a r row , an d in tram ura l p seud od ive rtic u lae o f e so ph -
a gu s o pe n
arrow . co lum na r ep ith e lium in vo lved en tire le ng th o f s tric tu re .
F ig . 4 -E so ph ag ram in 19 -ye ar -o ld
m an sh ow s d iffu se eso ph ag ea l u lc e rs
th in a rro w , h igh
e so p ha g ea l s tr ic tu re
b road a rro w s ,
an d p atu lo us low er
esophagus .
A t esop hag osco py , a c ir-
cu la r u lce r w as seen at s tr ic tu re s ite ,
n o t v is ib le o n rad lo g raph s . C o lum na r
ep lth e lium lined esop hag us d is ta l to
stricture
d itio n a l p a tie n ts w ith a b n o rm a l e so p h a g e a l p e r is ta ls is in -
c lud ed tw o w ith p sycho m oto r re ta rda tion , on e w ith D ow n
sy n d ro m e a n d d u o d e na l a tre s ia , a n d o n e w ith fa m ilia l d ysa u -
to n o m ia . L e ss co m m o n m a n ifes ta tio n s o f re flu x e so p h a g itis
in c lu d e d o n e ca se e a c h o f in tra m u ra l p s e u d o d ive rticu la e o f
th e esoph agu s [9 ] a ssoc ia te d w ith s tric tu re a nd u lce rs , fixed
tra nsve rse d is ta l e sop hag ea l fo ld s [1 0 ], an d a n in flam ma to ry
e sop hag oga stric po lyp a nd fo ld [1 1
,
1 2]. E s o p ha g itis w a s
p re se n t u n d e r e n d o sc o p ic v isu a liza tion in a ll p a tie n ts , b u t
co lu m na r ep ithe lium co u ld n o t a lw ays b e a ppre c ia ted m a c-
roscopically
Discuss ion
B arre tt [1 3 ] de sc ribe d the firs t cases o f co lum n ar-lined
low er esoph agu s in 1 950 . In 1 953 , A llison a nd John sto ne
[14 ] co in ed the te rm “B arre tt ’s u lce r” to de sc ribe a d eep
u lce ra tio n o cc u rr in g in th e co lu m n a r e p ith e liu m . T h e y w e re
th e firs t to re p o rt th e a ssoc ia tion o f a m idesoph age a l s tric tu re
w ith u lc e r in th e p res e n ce o f a h ia ta l h e rn ia a n d g a stro -
e sop hag ea l re flu x . L ike B arre tt, they th oug h t th a t the co lum -
n a r lin in g w a s co n g e n ita l, a lth o u g h th e y q u e s tio n e d th e p o s-
s ib le s ig n ifica nce o f ch ro n ic ga stro eso pha gea l re flux in the
de ve lo pm en t o f the les io n . M o re rec en tly , re po rts [6 , 7 , 15 ,
1 6 ] h a ve a p p e a re d s up p o rtin g th e re la tio n sh ip b e tw e e n
ch ro n ic ga stro eso pha gea l re flu x a nd the deve lopm en t o f B a r-
re tt’s esoph agu s. T he re a lso ap pea rs to be an in crea se d
p reva len ce o f ad eno ca rc ino m a o f the e so phag us in pa tien ts
w ith B a rre tt’s e so p h a g u s. C h ro n ic g a s tro e s o p h a ge a l re flu x
o f a c id , p e p s in , a n d p o ss ib ly b ile m a y c a u se sp e c ific h is to lo g ic
ch a n g e s th a t le a d e ve n tu a lly to a d e n o ca rc in o m a th ro u g h a
s p e c tru m o f m ultifo ca l dysp las ia a nd ca rc inom a in s itu [15 -
26]
B ecause o f th e p rem a ligna n t na tu re o f B arre tt’s m ucosa ,
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35 6
Y U L IS H E T A L.
AJ A:148 , F eb ru ary 1 98 7
m an y au th o rs [9 , 2 7 -29 ] ha ve a ttem p te d to de fine crite ria fo r
its ra d io lo g ic d ia g n o s is . In a d u lts , th e co m p le x o f m id e so p h a -
gea l s tric tu re , u lce r, h ia ta l h e rn ia , a nd gas troesop hag ea l re flu x
once thou gh t sp ec ific fo r B a rre tt’s esoph agus w a s fo und to
b e ra re [9 , 2 7 -2 9 ]. In s te a d , th e se a u th o rs fo u n d th a t the
ra d io lo g ic fe a tu re s a re n o n sp e c ific . H ia tu s h e rn ia , g a s tro -
esoph agea l re flux , and esoph ag itis , inc lud ing stric tu re , m ay
b e p re se n t in d iv id u a lly o r in co m b in a tio n in p e rs o n s w ith
B arre tt’s esoph agu s. Le v ine e t a l. [2 8 ] thoug h t tha t a re ticu la r
m ucosa l pa tte rn on do ub le -co n tra s t u ppe r-gas tro in tes tina l
s tu d ie s m ig h t be m ore spec i f ic fo r B a rre tt ’s eso pha gus , bu t
m os t o f the ir pa tien ts d id no t h ave th is find ing , a nd V ince n t
e t a l. [29 ] th oug h t th a t th is p a tte rn w as no t sp ec ific .
G a s tro e so p h a g e a l re flu x o cc u rs co m m o n ly in in fa n cy a n d
is a re s u lt o f im m a tu r ity o f es o p h a g e a l fu n c tion . M o st ch ild re n
de ve lop no rm a l fu nction w ith in the firs t ye a r o f life [7 ]. In
th o se w ith p e rs is te n t sym p to m a tic re flu x , e so p h a g itis , s tr ic -
tu re , a n d B a rre tt’s e so p h a g u s m a y d e ve lo p [6 , 7 ].
T h e ra d io g ra p h ic fe a tu re s o f B a rre tt’s e so p h a g u s in in fa n ts ,
ch ild ren , a nd youn g ad u lts a re in m a ny respec ts s im ila r to
th o se in th e o ld e r a d u lt, b u t th e re a re im p o rta n t d iffe re n ce s .
F or e xam p le , o n ly fou r o f o u r p a tie n ts had h ia ta l he rn ias , a nd
the you nge st w as 1 2 years o ld . T en pa tien ts ha d eso pha gea l
u lce rs sh o w n ra d io lo g ic a lly , b u t a n a d d itio n a l 1 0 p a tie n ts w ith
s in g le -co n tra s t s tu d ie s h ad u lc ers se e n o n ly a t e so p h a g o s-
co py . T w o pa tien ts w ith do ub le -co n tras t s tud ies had add i-
tio n a l o r d iffe re n t u lce rs d e te c te d a t e n d o sco p y . O f th es e ,
o n e co u ld n o t co o p e ra te b e ca u s e o f s e ve re cys tic fib ro s is ,
a n d a go o d e xa m in atio n co u ld n o t b e o b ta in ed . A d e q u a te
do ub le -co n tras t e xam ina tion s in ou r pa tien ts ag re ed b e tte r
w ith en d o s co p y fo r d e te c tio n o f e so p h a g e a l u lc e rs th a n s in -
g le -co n tras t s tud ies d id . U n like adu lts , in fa n ts and yo ung
ch ild re n d o n o t c oo pe ra te fo r d ou b le -con tra s t ex am in a tio n s .
B e c a u s e
on ly s ing le -con tra s t s tud ies a re do ne in th is a ge
g ro u p , u lc e rs m a y n o t be d e te c te d .
T w e lve o f the 32 pa tien ts h ad rad iog raph ica lly de m o n-
s tra te d s tric tu re s , a lo w e r p e rce n ta g e th a n th a t p re v io us ly
rep o rted in ad u lts and ch ild ren [9 , 27 -30 ], an d a n eve n lo w e r
pe rcen tag e w he n o ne co ns ide rs tha t th ree o f th e m ide so pha -
gea l s tric tu re s w ere a t the s ite s o f e sop hag ea l a tres ia repa irs .
T h e low er ra te p ro bab ly resu lts fro m the tim e it take s to
d eve lop th is type o f in ju ry . If ch ild ren ’s ga stro eso pha gea l
re flux is le ft un tre a ted , th ey cou ld de ve lop m ore s ign ifican t
n a rro w in g a s th e y p ro g res s in to a d u lth o o d .
E igh t o f 1 1 pa tie n ts w ith a bno rm a l p ens ta ls is a nd
p o o r
e sop hag ea l e m pty in g ha d und erly ing d isea ses a ssoc ia te d
w ith a bno rm al esoph age a l m otility . In these pa tien ts , re fluxe d
g astric co n ten ts a re p oorly c le a red , p ro lo ng ing con ta ct tim e
w ith th e eso pha gea l m u cosa . A bno rm a l pe ris ta ls is and
a peris ta ls is ha ve b e e n describ ed in co n ju nction w ith re flu x
e sop hag itis [3 1
,
32]. T h e p resence o f abno rm a l e sophagea l
p e ris ta is is a n d p o o r
es op ha g ea l e m p ty in g m a y b e a s ig n if ic an t
find ing and sho u ld a le rt th e rad io log is t to
lo o k fo r o th e r
ra d io g ra p h ic e v id e n c e o f
esophag i t i s .
T he m ost co m m on ra d io g raph ic f ind ing in ou r pa tien ts w ith
B arre tt’s e so pha gu s w as g as tro esop hag ea l re flux , a n on spe -
c ific find ing th a t m a y b e a ssoc ia ted w ith re flu x esoph ag itis o r
B a rre tt’s esoph agu s. H o w eve r, its d em o ns tra tio n m ay be
fo rtu ito u s ; it o ccu rs in te rm itte n tly [8 ]. If g a s troe s o p h a g e a l
re flu x is n o t re a d ily a p p a re n t, th e w a te r-s ip h o n te s t m a y b e
used to pe rm it red uc tion in fluo rosco py tim e a nd , he nce ,
redu ce ra d ia tion e xp osu re . T h is tes t h as a lo w fa lse -ne ga tive
ra te , w h ich m ean s tha t a neg a tive te s t is ev ide nce aga ins t
th e p re se n c e o f g a s tro e so p h a g e a l re flu x , b u t its h ig h fa lse -
p o s itive ra te m e a n s th a t th e p re se n ce o f g a s tro e so p h a g e a l
re flux m u st be de te rm ine d by co rre la tion w ith c lin ica l s ym p-
to m s [8 ].
O ur pa tie n ts d id n o t sh ow a ny spec ific rad iog ra ph ic s ign s
fo r spec ific d iag nos is o f B a rre tt’s e sop hag us. B ecause th e
ra d io lo g ic d e m o n stra tio n o f re flu x e s op h a g itis c a n b e m o re
d ifficu lt in in fa n ts , c h ild re n , an d a d o le sc en ts , th e p re se n ce o f
B a rre tt’s e s o p h ag u s m a y be s u sp e c te d le ss o fte n . T h e re fo re ,
o n e m u st m a in ta in a h ig h in d e x o f su s p ic io n fo r B a rre tt’s
e s o p h a g us if th e re is ra d io g ra p h ic e v id e n c e o f s tric tu re s ,
u lc e rs , o r o th e r s ig n s o f re flu x e so p h a g itis (F ig s . 1 -4 ).
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T
W e th an k B e ve rly B arre tt D a hm s fo r h e r a ss is tan ce .
R E F E R E N C E S
1
.
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2.
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1980 ;96 :798 -803
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45 3
4.
Ber qu is t
W E, A ac he le fsky G S, K add en M , e t a l. G as troe so ph age al re fiu x-
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1981;68:29 35
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S pec h le r S J
an d G oya l A K, ed s . B arre tt ’s esop hag us : pa th op hys io logy , d iag no s is a nd
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1985;145:275 281
1 0 . Le v in e M S. G old s te in H M. F ixe d tran sve rse fo lds in the eso p ha gu s : a s ig n
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31 1
1 3. B arre tt N A. C hro n ic p ep tic u lce r o f the o eso p ha gu s a nd “o e sop h ag itis .’
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1 9 5 3 ;8 :8 7 -1 0 1
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a tio n w ith
h ia ta l h e rn ia ,
u lc e r, s tr ic tu r e,
a nd tu mo r.
J T ho ra c C ard io va sc
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