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02.05.2007 1Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Development of an Online Tool for theSimulation of the Anaerobic Digestion Process
Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna
Alexandra WolfsbergerUniversity of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaDepartment of BiotechnologyInstitute for Applied Microbiology
02.05.2007 2Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
ContentContent
•Introduction to Anaerobic Digestion
•CROPGEN Project
•Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion
•Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1
•Virtual Laboratory
•Summary & Conclusion
02.05.2007 3Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Anaerobic digestion (AD)Anaerobic digestion (AD)
Organic matter biogas + cell material
Multi Step Process
Hydrolysis
Acidogenesis
Acteogenesis
Methanogensis
95% 5%
02.05.2007 4Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion
•Characteristics
•Multi-step process
•Methane production
•Low biomass yield
•Advantages
•Renewable energy
•Low sludge handle costs
•Remove pathogen
•Recycling of nutrients
•Low energy requirements
•Disadvantages
•Long retention times
•Process overload
•Large reactor
•Sensitive to environmental changes (pH, Temp)
02.05.2007 5Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion
Digestate
Gas burner Gas engine Fuel Cell Vehicle engine
Biogas storage
Biogas cleaning
Digester
Storage and pretreatment
Energy CropsAgrowastes
02.05.2007 6Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
CROPGEN ProjectCROPGEN Project
GeneralGeneral
•Project: CROPGEN (Renewable energy from crops and agrowastes)
•Project start: March 2004 End of project: March 2007
•Project partner: University of Jyväskyla, Metener Ltd., Greenfinch Ltd, Organic Power Ltd., University of Southampton, Instituto de la Grasa, Universita degli Studi di Verona, University of Venice, Wageninen Unversity, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, Vienna
•Objectives: Establishing a sustainable fuel source from biomass, which can be fitted into the actual energy infrastructure and can also supply the hydrogen fuel industry
02.05.2007 7Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
CROPGEN ProjectCROPGEN Project
Modelling and ControlModelling and Control
•Extension and adaptation of an existing AD model
•Virtual laboratory and Decision Support System
•Identification of process-control strategies
02.05.2007 8Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Modelling of Anaerobic Modelling of Anaerobic
•Hydrolysis controlled Anaerobic Digestion (Jain et al., 1991)
•Model for Dynamic Simulation of Complex Substrates - Focusing on Ammonia inhibition (Angelidaki et al., 1993)
•Simulation Model <Methane> (Vavilin et al., 1993)
•Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion (Kiely et al., 1996)
•Comprehensive Model of Anaerobic Bioconversion of Complex substrates (Angelidaki et al., 1998)
•Model for Meso- and Thermophilic Anaerobic Sewage Sludge (Siegrist et al., 2002)
•Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) (Batstone et al., 2002)
02.05.2007 9Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Anaerobic Digestion model No.1Anaerobic Digestion model No.1(ADM1)(ADM1)
Particulates (including inactive biomass)Particulates (including inactive biomass)
Methane, Methane, Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
HydrogenHydrogenAcetateAcetate
PropionatePropionate Butyrate, Butyrate, ValerateValerate
Long chain Long chain fatty acidsfatty acids
SugarsSugars Amino acidsAmino acids
LipidsLipidsProteinsProteinsCarbohydrates Carbohydrates Inerts Inerts (soluble (soluble and particular)and particular)
Particulates (including inactive biomass)Particulates (including inactive biomass)
Methane, Methane, Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
HydrogenHydrogenAcetateAcetate
PropionatePropionate Butyrate, Butyrate, ValerateValerate
Long chain Long chain fatty acidsfatty acids
SugarsSugars Amino acidsAmino acids
LipidsLipidsProteinsProteinsCarbohydrates Carbohydrates Inerts Inerts (soluble (soluble and particular)and particular)
LipidsLipidsProteinsProteinsCarbohydrates Carbohydrates Inerts Inerts (soluble (soluble and particular)and particular) •Model is structured in several steps
characterising the biochemical processes
•DAE: 26 dynamic state variables19 biochemical kinetic processes3 gas-liquid transfer kinetic processes
•DE: 32 dynamic state variables6 acid base kinetic processes
•Implementation in a CSTR
02.05.2007 10Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Anaerobic Digestion model No.1Anaerobic Digestion model No.1
Disintegration:
Hydrolysis:
Inert particulates:
( ) chchhydcdisxcchchinchinch XkXkfXX
V
q
dt
dX*** __, −+−=
( ) prprhydcdisxcprprinprinpr XkXkfXX
V
q
dt
dX*** __, −+−=
( ) lilihydcdisxcliliinliinli XkXkfXX
V
q
dt
dX*** __, −+−=
( ) ...*** __, +++−−= aaXaadecsuXsudeccdiscincinc XkXkXkXX
V
q
dt
dX
( ) cdisxcxIIinIinI XkfXX
V
q
dt
dX**_, +−=
Hydrolysis of carbohydrates
Disintegration of complex
particulates Decay of biomass
02.05.2007 11Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Anaerobic Digestion model No.1Anaerobic Digestion model No.1
•First unified model
•Unified Nomenclature and Kinetics
•Basis for further model approaches
•Describes Process Details
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
•The model is simplifying the AD process
•No validation of biological parameters
•No information on the effect of inhibitory compounds
•No information on the effect on kinetics in different temperature ranges
•Requirement of detailed substrate definition
•The COD flow is rather complex
02.05.2007 12Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Adaptation of the ADM1Adaptation of the ADM1
Particulates (including inactive biomass)Particulates (including inactive biomass)
Methane, Methane, Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
Sulphur Dioxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
HydrogenHydrogenAcetateAcetate
PropionatePropionate Butyrate, Butyrate, ValerateValerate
Long chain Long chain fatty acidsfatty acids
SugarsSugars Amino acidsAmino acids
LipidsLipidsProteinsProteinsCarbohydrates Carbohydrates fastfast
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates slowslow
Inerts Inerts (soluble (soluble and particular)and particular)
Particulates (including inactive biomass)Particulates (including inactive biomass)
Methane, Methane, Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
Sulphur Dioxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
HydrogenHydrogenAcetateAcetate
PropionatePropionate Butyrate, Butyrate, ValerateValerate
Long chain Long chain fatty acidsfatty acids
SugarsSugars Amino acidsAmino acids
LipidsLipidsProteinsProteinsCarbohydrates Carbohydrates fastfast
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates slowslow
Inerts Inerts (soluble (soluble and particular)and particular)
02.05.2007 13Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
( ) 2110846,5,, 54.0)1()1()1( ρρρρρ −−−+−+−+= − caaproaasuprosuproinproliq
inproYfYfYSS
V
q
dt
dS
( ) 2096,5,, )1()1( ρρρρ −−−+−+= − aabuaasubusubuinbuliq
inbufYfYSS
V
q
dt
dS
( ) 232,22
................ ρρ −+= − hinhliq
inhSS
V
q
dt
dS
Adaptation of the ADM1Adaptation of the ADM1
Additional Differential equation – Additional Hydrolysis rate:
Excerpt Differential equations – Sulphate reduction process:
( ) schschhydcdisxcschschinschinsch XkXkfXX
V
q
dt
dX______,_
_ *** −+−=
5,213,544
4
4,
4,20 2
2
xshpHsobuso
so
bubusos
bubusomIIX
SK
S
SK
Sk ⋅⋅⋅+
⋅+⋅= −
−
ρ
02.05.2007 14Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Adaptation of the ADM1Adaptation of the ADM1
02.05.2007 15Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Adaptation of the ADM1Adaptation of the ADM1
Model resultsModel results
R = 0.69
R = 0.79
02.05.2007 16Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Virtual LaboratoryVirtual Laboratory
StructureStructure
European-wide database on crop
species
Add of a Save option
Simulated results for anaerobic digestion in
form of Figures and Data matrices (Print
option)
ADM1
based model
Choice of Substrate
and Mixture of Substrates
Choice of reactor and
plant type
Input of measured
crop and input data
Choice of reactor
specific data
Input of measured
reactor data
Possibility to change
Parameter
Change of model
Parameter for the model from project
partners and own research
European-wide database on crop
species
Add of a Save option
Simulated results for anaerobic digestion in
form of Figures and Data matrices (Print
option)
ADM1
based model
Choice of Substrate
and Mixture of Substrates
Choice of reactor and
plant type
Input of measured
crop and input data
Choice of reactor
specific data
Input of measured
reactor data
Possibility to change
Parameter
Change of model
Parameter for the model from project
partners and own research
02.05.2007 17Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Virtual LaboratoryVirtual Laboratory
Screenshot 1Screenshot 1
02.05.2007 18Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Virtual LaboratoryVirtual Laboratory
Screenshot 2Screenshot 2
02.05.2007 19Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Virtual LaboratoryVirtual Laboratory
Screenshot 3Screenshot 3
02.05.2007 20Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Virtual LaboratoryVirtual Laboratory
Screenshot 4Screenshot 4
02.05.2007 21Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Summary & ConclusionSummary & Conclusion
•AD of Biomass as sustainable fuel source
•Cost optimisation through improved process control & monitoring
•Complex process
•Adaptation of an existing AD model•Addition of a second hydrolysis rate for carbohydrates
•Implementation of the sulphate reduction process
•Development of an Online Tool
•CROPGEN Homepage
http://www.cropgen.soton.ac.uk/
•Mathematical model as basis for a control tool
02.05.2007 22Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Thank you for your attention.
02.05.2007 23Junior Scientist Conference, 19th – 21st April, Vienna I DI Alexandra Wolfsberger
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
University of Natural Resources and AppliedLife Science, ViennaUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien
Institute for Applied Microbiology (IAM)Alexandra WolfsbergerPeter Holubar
Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, A-1180 WienTel.: +43 1 47654-4416, Fax: +43 1 47654-1005
[email protected]@boku.ac.at
www.boku.ac.at