Junior History Junior History

Civil Rights ReviewCivil Rights Review

Civil Rights-Political economic and social Civil Rights-Political economic and social rights guaranteed under the constitutionrights guaranteed under the constitution

Dwight Eisenhower- President that sent Dwight Eisenhower- President that sent troops to Little Rock Arkansas to enforce troops to Little Rock Arkansas to enforce federal law integrating schoolsfederal law integrating schools

Martin Luther King- Civil rights leader that Martin Luther King- Civil rights leader that believed the best way to bring about believed the best way to bring about change was through non-violent protestschange was through non-violent protests

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton- Bobby Seale and Huey Newton- Founders of the Black PanthersFounders of the Black Panthers

James Meredith- Black student James Meredith- Black student initially refused admittance to the initially refused admittance to the University of MississippiUniversity of Mississippi

Little Rock Central High School- Site Little Rock Central High School- Site where 9 black students were enrolled where 9 black students were enrolled and attended an all white school and attended an all white school enforced by federal troopsenforced by federal troops

Segregation- Separation of the racesSegregation- Separation of the races Governer Faubus- Arkansas governor Governer Faubus- Arkansas governor

that refused admittance to the 9 that refused admittance to the 9 Little Rock StudentsLittle Rock Students

Rosa Parks- refused to give up her Rosa Parks- refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery Alabama bus seat on a Montgomery Alabama bus leading to boucottleading to boucott

Boycott- refusal to buy goods or use Boycott- refusal to buy goods or use a servicea service

NAACP- National Association for the NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleAdvancement of Colored People

SCLC-Southern Christian Leadership SCLC-Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceConference

SNCC- Student Non-violent SNCC- Student Non-violent Coordinating CommitteeCoordinating Committee

Sit-inSit-in When Blacks were refused service at When Blacks were refused service at

the lunch counters they refused to the lunch counters they refused to leave just sitting at the counters until leave just sitting at the counters until police removed thempolice removed them

Malcolm X- Leader of the more Malcolm X- Leader of the more militant movement of the Civil Rights militant movement of the Civil Rights MovementMovement

Muhammed Ali- Boxing champion Muhammed Ali- Boxing champion that lost his title to refusing to join that lost his title to refusing to join the service because of Muslim beliefsthe service because of Muslim beliefs

Core- Congress of Racial EqualityCore- Congress of Racial Equality

Black Panthers- Militant civil rights Black Panthers- Militant civil rights organization led by Huey Newton and organization led by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale that used any means to Bobby Seale that used any means to improve rights and promoted social improve rights and promoted social assistance in the black communitiesassistance in the black communities

Carl Stokes- First black mayor of a Carl Stokes- First black mayor of a major city in Clevelandmajor city in Cleveland

Richard Hatcher- Black Mayor of GaryRichard Hatcher- Black Mayor of Gary

MFDP-Mississippi Freedom Democratic MFDP-Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party-Represented blacks in the south Party-Represented blacks in the south at the Democratic conventionat the Democratic convention

George Wallace- Alabama Governor that George Wallace- Alabama Governor that with state troops tried to prevent with state troops tried to prevent integration of the University of Alabamaintegration of the University of Alabama

James Earl Ray- Assassinated Martin James Earl Ray- Assassinated Martin Luther KingLuther King

Freedom Riders- Students that Freedom Riders- Students that toured the south bringing attention toured the south bringing attention to the racial inequalities at bus to the racial inequalities at bus stations and bus ridingstations and bus riding

Elijah Mohammed- leader of the Elijah Mohammed- leader of the Nation of Islam ( Black muslims)Nation of Islam ( Black muslims)

““I have A Dream”- Speech by Martin I have A Dream”- Speech by Martin Luther King about his picture of the Luther King about his picture of the future with racial equalityfuture with racial equality

Medgar Evers- NAACP regional Medgar Evers- NAACP regional spokesman that was killed on his spokesman that was killed on his front porch in Jackson Mississippifront porch in Jackson Mississippi

Emmitt Till- Young Chicago boy that Emmitt Till- Young Chicago boy that was killed for speaking to a white was killed for speaking to a white woman while visiting relatives in woman while visiting relatives in Money, MississippiMoney, Mississippi

Black Power- Cry for Blacks achieving Black Power- Cry for Blacks achieving opportunity in the political processopportunity in the political process

What did the court case of Plessy vs Ferguson of 1896 say What did the court case of Plessy vs Ferguson of 1896 say and how did Brown vs Board of Education change the and how did Brown vs Board of Education change the

decision?decision?

Plessy made segregation legal as Plessy made segregation legal as long as there were facilities for both long as there were facilities for both races, in Brown vs Board of races, in Brown vs Board of Education the court said that Education the court said that separate was inherently unequal and separate was inherently unequal and overturned Plessy making overturned Plessy making segregation illegalsegregation illegal

Compare the Approaches of MLK and the Compare the Approaches of MLK and the Black PanthersBlack Panthers

The methods of MLK were non-The methods of MLK were non-violent and included boycotts, violent and included boycotts, marches, sit-ins speeches and marches, sit-ins speeches and protests while the Black Panthers protests while the Black Panthers were willing to press the issue with were willing to press the issue with violence and intimidation as well as violence and intimidation as well as rallysrallys

Describe how blacks were kept out Describe how blacks were kept out of the political process in the southof the political process in the south

Poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation, Poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation, lynchinglynching