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Junior Certificate ScienceTeacher: Ms. Shevlin
Laboratory Safety
• Can you think of any important safety rules in the Science Laboratory?
Lab Safety Symbols
Chapter 2 Living Things
What do you know about living things?
Design a spider diagram to show what you know about living things!
Chapter Objectives
• To define Biology• To discuss what living things are made
from• To define the word organism and give
examples• To state the characteristics of living things• To discuss each characteristic of living
things in detail
• To investigate the variety of living things • To classify plants and animals and examine
some plants and animals.• To introduce the terms vertebrate and
invertebrate and look at examples• To discuss uses of plants and animals• To define the term Animal Key and Plant Key• To design and use a simple plant and animal
key• To carry out and write up an experiment to
investigate the variety of living things
• Biology is the study of living things e.g. plants, animals, fungi, bacteria
• An organism is another name for a living thing.
• Living things are made of cells
Chapter 2: Living Things
• Living things have the following seven characteristics:
– nutrition – movement– respiration – response/sensitivity.– excretion– growth– reproduction
MRS NERG
Characteristics of Living Things1. NutritionNutrition is the way in which living things get
and use their food.
Plants make their own food (photosynthesis)
Animals get their food from eating plants or other animals.
Characteristics of Living Things2. RespirationRespiration is the way living things get energy.Organisms need energy for growth, movement and activities.
Food + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water
Characteristics of Living Things3. Excretion Excretion is the getting rid of the wastes that
are made in cells.Animals excrete water, salts, carbon dioxide
4. GrowthAll living things growLiving things grow because their cells are
able to divide and make new copies of themselves.
5. ReproductionReproduction is being able to produce new
individuals of the same kind.
6. Movement All living things can move.
7. Response/sensitivityAll living things need to be aware of changes
in their surroundings and react to these changes.
Response is the ability to react changes in the environment.
Classifying Animals and Plants
• There are two main groups of organismsa)Plantsb)Animals
Uses of Plants1.Food2.Shelter
• Animals can be divided into two groups:• A) Vertebrates – animals with a back bonee.g. humans, frogs, fish, lizards, birds
b) Invertebrates – animals that have no backbone e.g. earthworm, insects, spiders, snails, jellyfish, crabs.
• Uses of Animals1.Food2.Provide materials to make things e.g. wool
and leather
• Animals and plants are identified by using keys.
• Keys ask questions about the parts of plants and animals to allow us to identify them.
• The main differences between animals and plants are:– Animals move from place to place but plants
do not.– Animals take in food but plants make their
own food.– Animal cells do not have a cell wall but plant
cells do have a cell wall.
• Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones.
• Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone.
• Living things can be identified and named using keys.