June 6, 2019 | Madrid Forum Feasibility of Power-to-X Projects

June 6, 2019 | Madrid Forum

Feasibility of

Power-to-X ProjectsDr. Volkmar Pflug, VP Energy Economics

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Restricted © Siemens AG 2019

2019-06-06Page 2 V. Pflug: Feasibility of Power-to-X Projects – Madrid Forum

Power-to-Hydrogen as a basis for sector coupling – Convert

electricity in chemical form as energy carrier and feedstock

Solar (PV)

Wind

H2O

O2H2

Haber-Bosch

N2

Ammonia(and secondary products, Urea,

DAP)

Methane

Methanol(and secondary products, e.g.

MTBE, gasoline, kerosene)

Fischer-Tropsch products (diesel, wax)

➢ Fertilizer

➢ Chemical feedstock

➢ As carrier for hydrogen or direct use

for energy

➢ Carbon-neutral fuels - mobility, heat

➢ Chemical feedstock

➢ Re-electrification (long-term storage)

Hydrogen

➢ Direct use for mobility (fuel cell)

➢ Re-electrification (turbines, engines =

long-term storage)

➢ Chemical feedstock (e.g. refinery)

Power Generation Conversion Applications

Air separation

Geothermal

Intermittent RES

Continuous RES

N2

Syntheses,

e.g. Fischer-Tropsch

Water

electrolysis

Hydro

Biomass

PtHydrogen

PtAmmonia

PtC-based Fuels

Electrical

energy

CO2CO2

Direct air capture

Capture from flue gases(power, industry)

2

1

3



Patagonia, Chile: Producing synthetic methanol through

electrolysis from wind power – Decarbonize European fuel

Case Study Patagonia: Green Methanol

Regulatory Barriers

• Lack of level-playing field of green fuels versus

e-mobility

• Well-to-wheel vs. tank-to-wheel principles

• Recognition of imported green fuels

Economic Opportunities – Political Challenges

• Generate hydrogen from renewable power at

best wind location and convert to Green

Methanol

• Use green methanol as an alternative to Bio-

Ethanol for blending of fossil fuel or as a

feedstock, e. g. for anti-knocking agents

Project Overview

1

CO2-neutral fuels

in mobility

Transport to

Europe

MARKET

CO₂-neutral fuels

Sector coupling

Renewable energy

Conversion into

liquid fuels

Green Methanol

SynthesisElectrolysis

Renewable

Power



Reallabor Leuna: Generate green fuel and use it for methanol

synthesis and further application

Case Study GreenHydroChem Leuna

Regulatory Barriers

• Unclear and outstanding definition on e-fuels in

RED II


• Displace hydrogen produced from SMR with green hydrogen

• Use existing infrastructure, i. e. Methanol Plant at refinery

• Capture and re-use CO2 emissions from refinery

• Use case: Renewable power to fuel and chemical feedstock

• Green H2 as feedstock for a carbocycle project

Project Overview

2

Siemens Technology: Silyzer 300, H2 compression)

Main Partners: Linde, Fraunhofer



Reallabor Lingen: Generate Green Hydrogen from renewable

power, store and re-electrify in a gas turbine

Case Study GET-H2 Lingen

Regulatory Barriers

• German Renewable Energies Act (EEG)

• Public funding limit at € 15m (Reallabore)


• Technology to reach German target of reducing

GHG emissions

• Develop and demonstrate capability to burn 100% hydrogen in a (existing) gas turbine

• Demonstrate ability to upgrade existing gas power plants to hydrogen compliance

• Utilize gas storage in caverns to demonstrate long-term storage capabilities to solve the problem of the supply with renewable energy even in times of “dark doldrums”

Project Overview

3

Siemens Technology: SGT-A65, Silyzer 300, HT heat pump

Main Partners: NOWEGA, RWE, H&R



Siemens Hydrogen Gas Turbines for our sustainable future –

The mission is to burn 100% hydrogen

Heavy-duty

gas turbines

Industrial

gas turbines

Aeroderivative

gas turbines

50H

z5

0H

z o

r60H

z60H

z450 MW

329 MW

187 MW

310 MW

215 to 260 MW

117 MW

60 to 71/58 to 62 MW

27 to 37/28 to 38 MW

4 to 6 MW

48 to 57 MW

40/34 to 41 MW

33/34 MW

24/25 MW

10 to 14/11 to 15 MW

8/8 to 9 MW

5/6 MW

41 to 44 MW

SGT5-9000HL

SGT5-8000H

SGT5-4000F

SGT5-2000E

SGT6-9000HL

SGT6-8000H

SGT6-5000F

SGT6-2000E

SGT-A65

SGT-800

SGT-A45

SGT-750

SGT-700

SGT-A35

SGT-600

SGT-400

SGT-300

SGT-100

SGT-A05

593 MW

405 MW

5

10

15

27

5

10

25

27

15

50

100

40

55

15

60

10

30

30

65

2 15

100

65

100

DLE burner Diffusion burner with unabated NOx emissionsWLE burner1 ISO, Base Load, Natural GasVersion 2.0, March 2019

Higher H2 contents

to be discussed

on a project

specific basis

Values shown are indicative

for new unit applications and

depend on local conditions and

requirements. Some operating

restrictions/special hardware

and package modifications

may apply. Any project >25%

requires dedicated engineering

for package certification.

H2 capabilities in vol. %Gas turbine model Power Output1



Renewable hydrogen into the

for wind and solar power to decarbonize the economy

of the futureenergy carrier

We are ready to turn



Backup



2011

20152018

2023+2030+

Silyzer portfolio scales up by factor 10 every 4-5 years driven

by market demand and co-developed with our customers

Silyzer 100

Lab-scale demo

~4.500 op.h1,

~150k Nm³ of H2

Silyzer 300

Biggest PEM cell in the world

built by Siemens!

First investigations

in cooperation with

chemical industryNext generation

Under development

Silyzer 200

~86.500 op.h

~7.3 mio Nm³ of H2

World’s largest Power-to-Gas

plants with PEM electrolyzers

in 2015 and 2017

built by Siemens!

Silyzer portfolio roadmap

1 op.h.: operating hours; Data op.h & Nm³ as of Jan. 2019



Various countries demonstrate strong potential for PtX

production / exports …

Brazil

China

Canada

Australia

Chile

Argentina

South Africa

Russia

Iceland

Norway

Morocco

Algeria

Kenya

Namibia

Mexico

USA

Saudi Arabia

Oman

Spain

Madagascar

UAE

Qatar

Kazakhstan

Source: Frontier Economics



Green Hydrogen from water electrolysis Economics of H2 strongly depend on electricity costs and CAPEX

Gas price 10 US$/MMBTU

80 US/t CO2

SMR-H2

11.2 (US$4.4/kg)

4.7

1.5 ct/kWh

1.5

0.7

4%0.6

Eff

icie

ncy

3.7 (US $1.5/kg)

US

ct/kWh

4.2

8.7

Today average Today + 5 – 10 years

Gas price 6 US$/MMBTU

0 US/t CO2

Credible (but not easy) pathways to economic competitiveness for green hydrogen exist. Most important impact is electricity price

Hydrogen costs

5 ct/kWh

ele

ctr

icit

y

CA

PE

X

low

high

WA

CC

8%

70%

75%

Load 4000h/a



Sector Integration – Prerequisite to meet the climate targets

Sector Integration – Links and Interactions

Source: Based on FENES (OTH Regensburg)

Power Storage

(decentral)

Power Sector

Heat Supply

Gas Industry

Transport Sector

Power-to-Heat

(Heat pumps,

CHP)

E-Mobility

Power-to-Gas

(Energy Storage)

Power-to-Gas

(Re-Electrification)

Power Storage

(central)

Heat

Storage

Power-to-

Liquids

Fuel

Storage

Power-to-

Chemicals

Hydrogen, Methane,

Ammonia as feedstock

for chemical processes

Gas Boiler

Gas Re-

forming

CNG, LPG

Gas

Power

Plants

Gas Storage,

Pipeline

System

Chemicals

Import balance TM95 Scenario Dena Leitstudie 2050

- 2446 TWh

+744 TWh

218 TWh

Import conventional

primary energyImport climate

neutral energy

carriers

RES production

Germany 2018

Documents

June 6, 2019 | Madrid Forum Feasibility of Power-to-X Projects