June 14, 2005DOE HEP Program Review1 Overview of SLAC HEP Program Persis S. Drell Director for Particle and Particle Astrophysics

June 14, 2005 DOE HEP Program Review 1

Overview of SLAC HEP Program

Persis S. DrellDirector for Particle and Particle Astrophysics


An Exciting Time in Particle Physics The Standard Model of quarks and leptons is

fabulously successful It only describes 5% of the Universe

Dark Matter and Dark Energy make up 95% of the Universe New forms of matter and energy outside of current

understanding We don’t understand why the the Universe is matter

dominated (what happened to the anti-matter?) Compelling Questions confront us

Within this decade tools coming on line to make progress in our understanding

Developing tools for discovery in the next decade


A Challenging Time in Particle Physics Premier US HEP accelerators will turn off by the end of the

decade B-Factory (SLAC) 2008 CESR (Cornell) 2008 Tevatron (FNAL) 2009

By end of decade, the frontiers of HEP will be off shore LHC (CERN) JPark (KEK) KEK-B (KEK)

Long term health and future of the field of HEP relies on ILC Very expensive (~$8B) Excellent progress towards international realization of such a

machine Not a certainty!

We need to balance the near term, mid term, and long term focus of the program


SLAC’s Leadership Role in these Uncertain Times SLAC’s HEP mission:

responsibility and an obligation to provide technical and scientific leadership to the national (and international) community

provide unique technical capabilities for the management and construction of large-scale projects

design, build and operate the accelerators that define the frontiers of the field

enable members of the University community to play leadership roles in the HEP program and have full access to the physics

participate in the education of a scientifically trained workforce, and in the training of the future leaders in the field

Challenge: carry out mission at a time when major changes from past way

of doing business No onsite frontier HEP machine

carry out mission at time when future options uncertain ILC


Scientific Focus of Current and Future SLAC Scientific Program Current and planned SLAC HEP program is addressing

compelling scientific questions facing the field (exploring QU) Where did the antimatter go? (B-Factory) Are there new symmetries and forces of nature? (B-Factory, ILC) Why are there so many particles? (B-Factory) What is Dark Matter? How can we make it in the lab? (LSST, JDEM, GLAST,

ILC) Can we solve the mystery of Dark Energy? (LSST, JDEM, ILC) Is there grand unification of particles and forces? (ILC, EXO) What are neutrinos telling us? (EXO) Are there extra dimensions of space? (ILC)

Doing accelerator research and technology development to meet current challenges and for the longer term future of the field Accelerator Research

PEP-II ILC Multi-TeV LC--Higher Gradient + Two Beam acceleration Future acceleration concepts


Program Elements Experimental Initiatives:

B-factory CP violation in flavor sector Precision definition of SM paradigm of CP violation from flavor

mixing in CKM Search for new physics in loop processes sensitive to new high

mass particles Determine the ‘footprint’ in the flavor sector of the new physics

that will be discovered at the LHC ILC Precision energy frontier studies

Discover identity of dark matter Resolve mysteries of the Higgs Connect the laws of the very small to the very large

EXOExplore fundamental nature of electron neutrino and measure its mass

LSST,JDEM Fundamental Cosmology GLAST High Energy Astrophysics and search for dark

matter Accelerator Research


Program Elements (cont.) Computational Initiatives

Petacache embedded memory machine First star simulations Dark Energy Studies Fluid Dynamical Simulations of Gamma Ray Bursts Relativistic Shock Structure

Theoretical Efforts Strings and Quantum gravity Physics at Bottom and Charm Factories Phenomenology of Supersymmetry and Grand Unified

Theories Connections to cosmology Tests of the Standard Model QCD Phenomena Physics at the ILC and LHC Lensing Cluster Cosmology GRB’s, Pulsars, AGN’s


Program Timelines: Exploiting the present and preparing for the future

Science now or soon Final Results of Fixed Target Program (E158) BaBar (now to 2008) GLAST (2007 – 2012/17) Proof of principle experiments in accelerator research

R&D for near term science (2012) LSST (first light 2012??) EXO (2012?? if R&D successful) JDEM (20??) ILC (2016?)

R&D for farther future Accelerator Research


Program Review Overview Plenary Talks: High level program overviews

Speak to Charge Plenary talks will focus on lab program

Breakouts--Interactive Theory

Includes cosmololgy Accelerator Research

Details of ongoing R&D, ILC, tour of NLCTA and FFTB Experimental Research

BaBar, GLAST, EXO, LCD, LSST, SNAP Non-DOE KIPAC projects

Breakouts will focus on efforts of SLAC staff Tours today (GLAST, BaBar) and tomorrow (FFTB, NLCTA) Thursday: Planning for the future


Program Review Overview: This Talk Very brief summary by program of

Research activities during past year Goals for the next year Long-term plans

Summary of resources by program Discussion of overall balance and priorities Planning for the future (Thursday talk)


Fixed Target Program


SLAC 158

•UC Berkeley•Caltech•Jefferson Lab•Princeton•Saclay

•SLAC•Smith College•Syracuse•UMass•Virginia

E158 Collaboration

(APV) ~ 10 ppbNeed 1016 events Count at ~ 1 GHz


Parameter Proposal Achieved

Intensity at 48 GeV 6 x 1011 / pulse 5.3 x 1011

Intensity at 45 GeV 3.5 x 1011 4.3 x 1011

Polarization 80% 85%

Repetition Rate 120 Hz 120 Hz

Intensity jitter / pulse 2% rms 0.5% rms

Energy jitter / pulse 0.4% rms 0.03% rms

Energy spread - 0.15% rms

Delivered Charge* (Peta-E) 345K 410K

E-158 Beam ParametersE-158 Beam Parameters

120Hz Production Running

Run 1: April 23 – May 27, 2002Run 2: October 10 – November 13, 2002Run 3: July 10 – September 6, 2003

*proposal number for delivered charge allows 20% inefficiency factor forbeam quality cuts and experimental efficiency


Final Analysis of All 3 Runs

APV = (-131 ± 14 ± 10) x 10-9


Final Physics Result

6

sin2eff = 0.2397 ± 0.0010 ± 0.0008 sin2WMS(MZ)

hep-ex/0504049, To be published in PRL


Fate of Fixed Target Program No Future Fixed Target Experiments are

planned for the Endstation Not a programmatic priority Facility will be kept in operational shape for test

beams, LCD R&D, future accelerator R&D, etc.. Loss of experimental facility to HENP community


B-Factory


B-Factory Program PEP-II Accelerator

Collides e+ and e- with unequal beam energies at ECM=10.58 GeV

Premier tool for studying physics of heavy flavor BaBar Detector

Optimized for B-physics at asymmetric energy collider Run by International Collaboration of ~623 physicists from

80 institutions in 11 countries 50% of collaboration from Europe International collaboration essential to supporting computing

effort necessary to get science out in a timely fashion International leadership reflected in all top management

positions in the experiment Successful intervention in summer 2004 to replace 1/3 of

IFR/muon detection system Trigger upgrade to meet demands of increasing luminosity


B-Factory Science Program B-Factory science drivers:

B mesons a laboratory for study of CP violation Discovery measurement in 2001 CP in charmonium (bc) modes

now measured to +-7% Unique access to flavor sector of

‘new physics’ CP in bsss modes provides crucial

testing ground for SUSY Intriguing discrepancy: 3.7

difference between b-> c and b->sss modes

e+e- b factories are also and charm factories Surprises: new charm strange

quark states in 2004 Anti-surprises: no evidence seen for

penta quark in 2005


Research Activities of Past Year

Journal Papers BABAR Belle

<2003 32 54

2003 39 28

2004 52 35

May 2005 21 19

Total 144 136

Conference Contributions

BABAR Belle

Papers submitted to ICHEP04

72 63

Abstracts submitted to LP05

75 73 Raised currentsImproved reliabilityTrickle injection


B-Factory Goals for Next Year 6 month delay in starting Run 5 due to

accident in Oct 04 PEP-II Goals

Will run to 7/06 with 1 month down 10/05 Deliver to BaBar: 500fb-1 Summer 2006 Error on average of Penguin modes should reach

0.06 Hardware upgrades

Fall 2006 Replace remaining 4 sextants of IFR DC electronics upgrade Final PEP-II luminosity upgrade installations


B-Factory Longer Term Plans B-factory program

operates until end of FY2008 Run for maximum

integrated luminosity Data analysis continues

for several more years after data taking stops

Goal for 2007-2008: double again to ~1 ab-1

Individual Penguin modes with errors in range 0.06-0.12


International Linear Collider


The Linear Collider Linear Collider Science Drivers

Are there new symmetries and forces of nature? What is Dark Matter? How can we make it in the lab? Can we solve the mystery of Dark Energy? Is there grand unification of particles and forces? Are there extra dimensions of space?

Linear collider essential to establish quantum nature of the ‘dark universe’ Active work to articulate science case more

broadly EPP2010 HEPAP report on ILC/LHC synergies


Strategic Look at Linear Collider High Energy e+e- LC highest priority new machine for

world community SLAC has led field in development of LC design and

technology Champion of warm RF technology

How has the ‘cold’ technology choice impacted the lab? SLAC has always been committed to playing a leadership

role in ILC independently of choice of RF technology SLAC has accelerator expertise in all subsystems of the

collider R&D program now restructured to address critical issues for

cold machine SLAC fully support GDE effort

SLAC staff are co-leading 4 of the technical subgroups


ILC Machine R&D activities of the Past Year/ Goals for Next Year Demonstrated R1’s for the warm RF design Restructured R&D program to align with the cold decision

Accelerator Design and CDR e+e- sources Damping ring design Beam Delivery System Instrumentation and control systems

L-band rf power sources All being done as part of the coordinated GDE effort

Goals for near term: End of CY05: Select baseline configuration design End of CY06: CDR

Goals longer term: CY08/09: TDR


ILC Detector Program Need to grow program of linear collider detector R&D

(ALCSG) SLAC is working with LBNL and FNAL to provide

opportunities for user community to engage Simulation Effort

Supports national and international effort Concept development for a detector based on Silicon

One of several approaches in the community Beam Instrumentation (L, E, P)

Linac Beam offers unique opportunities LOI at EPAC encouraged

Effort is investment limited—particularly engineering Will grow with GLAST roll off


EXO


EXO: Enriched Xenon Observatory

Search for decay in 136Xe-->136Ba++ e- e-

Observation of decay would provide direct evidence on: Lepton number violation Neutrinos are Majorana fermions Set neutrino mass scale

EXO Philosophy Excellent energy resolution (separates 0 from

2) Positive ID Ba Ion (Ba tagging)

EXO goal: <me>~10’s of meV Requires ton scale detector


EXO: R&D Progress in Past Year Progress in Past Year

Study of single ion Ba+ tagging at different residual Xe pressures

Improved LXe energy resolution Procurement/qualification of low background

materials Secured funding for ‘EXO 200’

200kg prototype—tests all aspects of EXO *except* Ba Tagging

Will measure 2decay rate


EXO: Goals for next year and longer term plans

Build EXO 200 Study detector performance (no Ba+ tagging) Look at backgrounds Measure 2 mode with 1-2 year run Sensitivity of ~0.2 eV to 0 mode

Completion of Ba tagging R&D effort in next 2-3 years In parallel with EXO 200 operations

Successful R&D would lead to proposal for full EXO (ton scale experiment)


Accelerator Research


Accelerator Research Preparing for challenges of longer term future of field Explore underlying physics

Efforts in many areas supporting current facilities and are also aimed at longer term future Beam Dynamics Collective Effects Accelerator Structures

Proof of principle experiments E164/E164X – Plasma wake field acceleration program

using Short Pulse Source Producing surprising results

LEAP/E163 – Laser Acceleration in Dielectric Microstructures Commissioning this summer First data late 2005


F = -eEz

electron beam

front portion of

bunch loses

energy to generate the wake

back portion of

bunch is accelerate

d

En

erg

y

Head Tail

No Plasma

Plasma

Beam Distribution

e-ion

column

Plasma Acceleration


Plasma Acceleration-E164X Past year

Generated short (<100fs) pulses

Wake Field Amplitude ~ 1/z

2

27 GeV/m acceleration of particles demonstrated over 10 cm First time a PWFA has

gained more than 1 GeV Two orders of magnitude

larger than previous beam-driven results

No Plasma np = 2.8 x 1017 e-/cm3

Ene

rgy

[GeV

]

31.5

30.5

29.5

28.5

27.5

26.5

25.5

24.5


Accelerator Research Facilities Planning FFTB will go away in 2006 with progress in LCLS

construction Broad user program based on unique high energy, low

emittance, short pulse beam Supports diverse research program in many fields

Plasma wake field SppS Flash

Process in place to develop Options for FFTB replacement (code named SABER)

Two locations being considered—evaluate pros and cons Evaluate costs

What is the physics case to justify the facility? Process culminates with workshop in September


Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology


Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology at SLAC SLAC’s HEP mission has broadened to include particle

astrophysics and cosmology Science Drivers for Particle Astrophysics program

Understanding the “Quantum Universe” What is Dark Matter? How can we make it in the lab? Can we solve the mystery of Dark Energy?

Look for opportunities where SLAC plays unique and enabling role Any participation where SLAC resources are involved,

the level and scope of participation should be significant and commensurate with status as a national laboratory


Criteria for SLAC involvement in non accelerator based projects Overall Scientific Merit

Scientific Potential Value Alternatives Timeliness

Relevance to Fundamental HEP Themes Involvement of the SLAC User Community Interest/Involvement of SLAC Senior Staff In addition, SLAC involvement is greatly enhanced

when there exists technical synergy with SLAC core

competencies SLAC infrastructure can be leveraged SLAC project and scientific leadership are involved.


GLAST GLAST: -ray Large Area Space Telescope

GLAST measures direction, energy and time of celestial gamma rays from 20MeV – 300 GeV

Will Survey entire sky every 3 hours A direct view into Nature’s largest accelerators Gamma rays probe cosmological distances in a largely

unexplored energy range Great potential for Discoveries:

Search for Dark Matter and hidden space time dimensions Investigate nature of black holes and gravity beyond

Einstein Endpoints of Stellar Evolution: Black Holes, Neutron Stars,

Sne remnants Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts

Joint Particle Physics/Particle Astrophysics venture Involves 5 nations, 9 funding agencies


LAT Instrument

Anti-coincidence detector

Tracker

Calorimeter

Grid


GLAST Fabrication project has been challenging!

CNES withdrew financial support for project 4/03 New project manager experienced at SLAC (Klaisner) Organizational changes

Project successfully rebaselined summer 03 Transition to flight production much more painful than

anticipated The laboratory put the highest priority on supporting the project Production anomalies summer/fall led to second DOE/NASA rebaseline

winter 05 As part of rebaseline process NASA management investigated a

descope option to preserve schedule Because Tracker was the critical path in the schedule, the

configuration investigated was 16 calorimeters, 12 trackers Remaining instrument per current baseline Saved 1 month of schedule

Scientific implications of descope presented to Anne Kinney in late February Decision to adopt descope plan postponed to give LAT

opportunity to demonstrate execution to proposed schedule


GLAST Activities of the past year

Flight fabrication is well underway Flight hardware being delivered and integrated at SLAC in

Bldg 33 6 of 16 towers integrated into flight grid

ISOC taking shape Goals for next year

LAT complete and tested 1/06 To NRL for environmental testing

Delivery to Observatory Integration 4/06 Mate with spacecraft and GBM and test

Longer term plans Launch 8/07 from Kennedy Space Flight Center ISOC at SLAC Preparation for science!


KIPAC: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Institute of Stanford University

Institute building on the SLAC site funding by gift from Fred Kavli

Director: Roger Blandford Deputy Director: Steve Kahn (also Assistant RD)

Director reports to Stanford Dean of Research 9 new faculty (4 in place)

Most if not all will be joint campus/SLAC Establishes Stanford/SLAC/DOE as intellectual force in field

Institute brings in funds from NASA and NSF in addition to DOE funds through SLAC Highly leveraged by > $20M investment by Stanford University

Growing fast! Institute 50 strong and growing

> 20 new people including 4 professional staff, 4 faculty, postdocs, students, 2 admins and lots of visitors

Others from exiting SLAC and SU communities


Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology: The Future Potential SLAC/KIPAC Projects

SNAP Collaboration (JDEM) 2m telescope, 0.7 sq deg field in space

Study high z SNe Dark Energy Weak Gravitational lensing Dark Matter Strong Lensing Small scale structure

LSST 8.4 m telescope, 8.6 sq deg field on the ground

Weak lensing survey of entire sky Dark matter power density spectrum Constraints on Dark Energy

Many other NASA funded KIPAC Projects under development (NuStar, Exist, Next, POGO, …)

KIPAC effort already very visible and very productive Over 100 publications in first 18 months.. 3 major conferences


KIPAC Scientific Vision Fundamental Cosmology: What are dark matter and dark energy?

Theoretical Efforts Lensing, Cluster Cosmology, String Theory

Computational Initiatives First star simulations, Dark Energy Studies

Experimental Initiatives LSST JDEM

High Energy Astrophysics (many non-DOE) Theoretical Efforts

GRB’s, Pulsars, AGN’s Computational Initiatives

Fluid Dynamical Simulations of Gamma Ray Bursts Relativistic Shock Structure

Experimental Initiatives GLAST NuStar, NEXT, POGO, EXIST (all non-DOE)


Theoretical Physics


SLAC Theory Group Primary mission: to advance theoretical

high-energy physics, and to train young scientists. In addition, some members interact strongly

with the SLAC experimental program Interests of the group span a range of

extremely challenging problems of relevance to national and international program

Group well integrated with ITP on campus Increasing opportunities for interactions with

KIPAC


Theory Group: Programmatic Connections Members of the Theory faculty and staff have strong

connections to the various experimental programs here at the lab and elsewhere: Linear Collider

Peskin, Rizzo, Hewett, Pierce LHC

Dixon, Hewett, Rizzo, Berger Cosmology

Kachru, Silverstein, Alexander, Maloney, Pierce Low-energy and exclusive QCD

Brodsky B-Physics

Hewett, Quinn, Hill


Computing


Computing Forefront computing at SLAC underlies many of the experimental

programs. Key strength:

bringing application scientists, applied mathematicians and computer scientists together

creates revolutionary new approaches, both application-specific and generic.

One of world’s leading efforts in data-driven computing and large scale data management necessitated by the huge explosion of data from the BaBar detector.

Major additional efforts focus on applications in accelerator modeling and particle simulations. Positioned to support new applications that use computation as a tool

for discovery in particle astrophysics, cosmology, and bio-molecular simulations.

Revolutions in science increasingly founded on, and driven by, computing. Future focus on transforming the interaction between scientists and

their data to transform the science being performed.


Program Resources


Annual Total Budget By ProgramsFY03 - FY05

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05 03 04 05

Adv. AccR&D

BaBar EXO Glast Ops &R&D

GLASTProject

ILC LCD PAP Theory

K$

Labor M&S

SLAC Transfer Out

Total Budget (K$)(FY06 - Prelim. Only)

65,000

70,000

75,000

80,000

Bgt 03 Bgt 04 Bgt 05 Bgt 06*


Table 2: FTEs Charged to Programs - FY 05

Programs for Review Category Physicists Post Doc Engineer Computing Tech Students Other Grand TotalAcc R&D Operations 3.5 0.4 2.6 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.1 9.1

Research 13.6 3.9 0.0 0.6 1.3 4.3 3.7 27.5 Acc R&D Total 17.1 4.3 2.7 0.8 1.5 6.4 3.8 36.6 ACD Operations 0.3 0.1 0.4

Research 1.6 3.1 1.0 0.5 6.3 ACD Total 1.9 3.2 1.0 0.5 6.7 BaBar Design & Fabrication 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.0 2.1

Operations 11.8 5.3 1.4 32.4 9.2 1.2 9.1 70.2 Research 7.4 5.1 0.3 0.4 3.1 1.4 17.6

BaBar Total 19.2 10.4 1.9 33.7 10.0 4.3 10.5 90.0 EXO Research 2.7 0.9 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.2 8.1 GLAST Design & Fabrication 0.3 16.4 8.8 12.2 12.2 50.0 GLAST Ops & R&D Research 18.6 2.5 0.3 7.3 0.4 3.9 4.1 37.1 ILC Research 26.7 0.4 8.9 0.9 0.5 1.4 7.8 46.6 LCD Research 5.5 0.4 2.5 0.4 0.4 9.4 PAP Research 8.3 3.0 1.4 0.7 0.2 4.7 5.4 23.8 Theory Research 6.0 6.5 5.8 1.8 20.0 Grand Total 106.3 27.9 34.2 58.0 26.2 28.8 46.9 328.3


Programmatic Challenges Active workforce management needed

as transition from on site to off site accelerators as non accelerator fraction of program grows

B-factory recovery from accident maintain competitiveness with KEK-B

ILC needs increased funding and continued government and community continuity of commitment

To grow non accelerator programs will need to establish and execute a stable multi-agency research investment plan

Must capitalize on spectacular KIPAC opportunity Must replace FFTB (goes away in 2006 for LCLS)

Facility enables photon, particle and astro particle science on site


Programmatic Priorities For the near term:

We must focus on B-factory performance and delivery of science to our largest user community

For the mid term: We must continue in our leadership role for the ILC

Highest priority new facility for the world community We must complete GLAST construction and develop the

ISOC Challenges here due to marriage of 2 cultures

We must work to provide additional opportunities for science to the HEP user community in ~2012 e.g. LSST, EXO, JDEM, ....

For the long term: The R&D in accelerator science is our hope for the future of

the field To make the next accelerator *after* the ILC technically

feasible and affordable


Summary

Enormous opportunities for world class science at SLAC

SLAC’s programs and leadership central to national and international effort

Programs are science driven, innovative, flexible and responsive to scientific drivers

Documents

June 14, 2005DOE HEP Program Review1 Overview of SLAC HEP Program Persis S. Drell Director for Particle and Particle Astrophysics