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There a re

now

six Negr oes in Congress-without A da m

owell , nly flve. Conyerswould keoee

se after the

1965

Whether or not t ha t fa r more sa lu t a ry ra t i o can

achieved depends to a la rge ex tent on

the

ou tcome of

mpendingonference .eform emocrats in the

should give Conye rsactiveassistanceHad t not

for

him.

H.R . 2508

mig ht hav e had easy salllng.

Hughes

LangstonHughesovedi tera ture . H e lovedto t

His

respect for i t wasnever stiff

nor

cold.

His espect

for

itwas gaily defe rentia l.

H

considered i teraturenot hisprivate nch.butgreat acr:-

age. Theplant ings of o the rsh e

not

onlywelcomedbut

busily enriched.

He h a d

an

affectionate nterest

in

the young.

H e

wa

intent , ewas a re fu l .The youngmanuscrip t -bearing

applrcant never fel t himself an intruder, never went away

wlth Oak tu rnedashes in the

hand.

Mightilydid heuse he t ree t . He found i ts mult ipl

heart , i ts tastes, smells, alarms, form ulas,

flowers,

garbag

and onvulsions. Heb rough t them all to his able-top.

H e crushed t h e m o a writ ing-paste T he pen that

wa

hlmself went in.

GWENDOLYN

ROO

IN TEL

AVIV

WOLPERT

Wo l p e r t ,

p ro f p . s r o r of hrstorv

a t the Unrversilv o Coli

rs t h e aI/ lhor of Nme

Hours

to Rama R ~ F w ’ c N ~

Tel Aviv

haswon hewar ,but her e is little ubilation

In

as all

eyes ocus ntentlyupon hemore

cult bat tle orpeace hat l ies ahead .

Israeli's

pride

t h ed r a m a t ~ c f o r c e , h e amazlng swiftness

with

whlch

est royed he

Arab

ring

of

steel ,burs tmg hebubble

f Nasser’shreat of “obll terat ion,” IS muted yw o

Themore

immediate

c u r b

on

here is the price in human l lfe paid for this

breathing spell . In

so

smal l

a

natlon,

so

Inti-

ntegrated,ewamiliesouldeelhemselves

ron t ,o re scape he ragedy

of

batt le Tn

ange, he Tsraells perfectlyunderstand hat he

side of thevictorycoln heyhave tampedout In

I S theblt terhumlliat ion

of

Nasser .Wha teve r may

e

said

here oncernlngNasser’smili tary sklll,

n oo n e

Bor n i tself from he shes o

Israel

is not

un ons ious of

the e-

potentla1

of

humlliatlon anddefeat .Natura l ly ,

sraeli opeshatNa sser nd hrs allles are ca-

of

learnlng a lesson rom hedisaster hat t ruck

b u t

some ear hat heutterhurnlllation

fan freshlames of Ara b atred srae l as

been lulled by vrctory into a

mood

of

deceptlve

selt-

The cruclalroblemonfronting Tsrael atresent

how o ecu renat lonal Integrity without uture lght-

I t o p e s

to

re tam

_strategic

outposts ap tured i n

andSyria ,

a s

well as he Old Clty of Jerusalem,

t ea rs ha t Its start llng lsplay of m dltary trength

worldsupport o r he c l a m tha t

to Its continued

existence.

O

onepeaks of a t tempt lngoemaln e rm anen t ly

Sinal

o r

In

thevastbulk

of

l and aken from J o r d a n .

suchccupatlonwouldverextendsrael’s

a r m y

andlacenmpossib leurdenpon i ts econom y

Israelishavenodeslre to epeat hee r ro rs

of

Weste r

Euro pe’s 9 th-ce ntury mp eria l expansionism. Even

i

theyhad he esources , hey xpress

no

wish tom a i n -

tain matt lal rule over he more han

1

mill lon Arabs l iv

ing in theborderland regionsheir rmles ave ver-

run .W h a t h e yd owa nt is unequivo cal ecognit ion

b

each

of

theireighboringtates, full an dpen

ac

ceptance

of

theirnational tatus nconsonancewith ts

reali ty. They insist ,moreover ,hatmternatlonalorce

assu reh e mhat o

llfe

l ine

as

w t a l

to

Israel’s sur

vival as theStrai t

of

Ti ran be arbitrarilyc losed t o hem

again.

Modest s hesedemandsmay eem fter he pec-

tacular lctory,he Tsraelrs recognize tha t eith er

goa

wlll

be

easy

to

win

They

fearhat In the orld

debate oil ~ n t e r e s t s

a n d

Afro-Asian otes will seek o

deprive hem

of

the dvantage heyhavewon

in

bat

tle. Theiranxie ty oday tems rom ecognl t lon hat in

NATION

l / l l y 3

967

7

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the world’s council chambe rs they rema in virtually alone.

Tsraells are convknced that , nt l l eace tr e a tm are

signed,Egyptnd Syrla wdl contlnueo lverthel r

lnlpoverlshedpopula t lons rom hecomplexproblems of

in ternal evelopm ent byaising the ry

of

“liberat ton

forPa l e s tme .”Dtplomat ic ecogni t ion would rel ieve the

claustrophobic feeling of Isola tion and apprehension , and

Israe l is ready now toestabl i shcontactsa tevery level

of dlplom atic. conom ic and cultural activitywlth

all

of its Arabneighbors. Peoplewi thwhom havespoken

areconvinced hatoncesuch e la t ionsa re aunched he

walls

of hatred,mistrus t nd ear will begin lowly to

c rumble ,and hrough hem wil l pass oads of coopera-

t lonandmutual espect , if not riendship.

These ecentweekshave aught sraelmanyhings.

not onlv about Itself butabou t Its place I n the eyes of

the world . U Thant ’scapltulat lon of M a y 19 to Nasser’s

demand just oneday arl ler hat UN t roops be with-

drawnromheordersannotenderstoody

Tsraeli s in any erm s o ther han bet ray al The hypoth esls

tha t

U

Than tu r rende red In orde rubsequen t lyo

strengthenhisbargalnmgposltlon In Cai ro is even less

acceptable o he sra e l i s han thadbeen oAmer i -

cans. Given the personali ty and professed goals

of

Egypt’s

ruler, Tsraells ask how anyatlonalmlnd ould ave

failedo ealizehatNasserwould e mboldenedo

increasmglygpressivectlonDespite thereenght

f r o m

U

Thant . owever, ew srae l ls an e l levehat

Nasserwouldhavebeencapable

of so

sup reme

a

level

of sclf-deception 3s to think hathecouldbent Tsrael :f

hehad

n o t

countedon firm suppor t rom

Russ~a.

P a n -

A r a b unity

w a s

forged with Russlnn support and . hou

itdesperatelyappealed to theUnitedStates,Brltain and

France . srae l ound t se l alone.

The ransform at ion of NearEasternpowerhas

given sraells t h e confldence o hmk In t e rms ha t were

hltherto mposslble.Some peak, or xample,

of

creat-

~ n g Palestine Nat lon”ou t of theborderland egions

of aza and hoseconque red rom o rdan .Unt i lnow,

the refusee” roblem ould ever ave been o

discussed here as a nationallstmovement of P:de~

people

t

may still be Impossible t o a i n u p p o r t r o

any of thegovernm ents Involved for he reatio nof

sta te

of

Pa les tme ex t o he t a t e of Israel, ethi

m a yul t imate lyp rove

to

be theonlyway n whic

“refugees”used or hepastnineteenyearsbyEgypt ,

Jordan nd yria saboteurs gainstsrae l . an

persuadedo et tle ow no eaceful ursuits.With

homeland of their wn, alest ineArabsouldegain

their nde. ndhou gh Tsrael could ot expected

to e tu rnany

of

the land It cla ims . tmighthe w

to pay ompensat lon .

or

at east o e lp I ts ne i

in thearlyearsWhether shkol .Nasser .Hussem.

or

leaders of the alestineLlberationOrganization

self woulderiouslyonsideruchchemeemains

tobe seen Th e

significance

of itsunofflcial articu

here IS he evldence i t sh ow s of T srael’s Intellectual

bl ll ty and reatlve ndeavor

now

to force a t rulyp

manent eacefulet t lement

Whateverolutlon

I S

reached

among

the at ions

th ls roubled egion , srae lknow s hat t east It

medmteworkabrl i tymustdependupon he omtefforts

of

thegreatpowers .Russia’sbreak

of

dlplomatlc

t lons i s recogn~zedhe re

3s

a sop toNasser , and Ts

hope hat he

pragmatism

of Russia’s loris-range

natlonalolicy will prcvadverresent -dayrab

part isanshlp

Naturally. Tsrael

looks

to heUni tedStates ors t rong

drplomntrc supportT h e

general

dlsnppolntmcnt el th

a t

o u r

fal lure

to

t ake a

f l r m

s tand 011 thecrlsis c

bv thc closlng of the Stralt of T m n is temper2:I

by

Is

f3rth In our often ei terated ommitment to I t s

n l

survrva l T he p ea t wave

or

popular sympathy for

Ts

plight that olledacrossAmencahas also

h x n

aso

of hope. and helped counterbalance Washlnpton’s o

posltlon of coolneutrallty Yet Isra el will notsoonfo

thatwhen hechlpsweredownan d he wheel of

Easterndestinybegan Its perl lous spln toward

war

UnltedStates

of

Am erlca left It to stan d alone

THE NEGRO

IN

VIETNAM

K A R L H PURNELL

A4r Pur n e / / I F n f o r t w r m e n l h e r o

flre

Pe11nc dvnrlrn I c ~ r ~ l n -

7/0 e and p r rh / r d e r

o The UnionCountvJournal o f

I . o 1 t ’ / r

brwg.

Pa .

Snr,qort

Thi syear , 15.000 N e g r o GIs, aftera wclve-month tour

of duty in Vletnam, wdl re turn to theghettos of New

York ndCh~ cago .he ackwoods

of

Tennessee nd

the mall owns of Ala bam aA sm e m b e r s of t hea r m e d

forces,ma ny of thesesoldlersarebem g glven heir first

taste of lntegratlonnto

a

whtte

man‘s

world Ad-

mlttedly. It I S not otal Integration Nevertheless, t IS usu-

allybetter hanwhatmanyAmerlcanNegroeshaveex.

pcrlenced before, and the soldlers servmg

In

Vletnaln ar.3

f lndmg t h s part la l qual l ty greeable .

Consequent ly , heprospect of re turn in g o a oci

where no commanding offlcerwdl enforce he ules

fairrea tment

is

st irrlng a fierce f welt-concealed

sentmentmongle tnam’segrooldlershe

trao rdm ary Irony of flghtlng for he freedom of an A

countryhey h a d never ,heard of, wh d e bemg en

f reedom thome , is certain o dd new and xplos

fuel o he current revolu t lon of Am erlcanNegroesw

are rejectinghe rlnclples of nonviolence.

Afterw omon ths of talking wlth Negroroops

Vletnam. a m convlnced hat

a

new breed of Imp

young men is gomg home, ready o provlde shock roops

for hccwll lghtsmovementModerates uch as M

Luthe r Klng a n d U‘h~ tneyYoung

~

lnd hemhard

control , hey re m u c h m o l e llkely to hear the a

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