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DC (CB/CS/SW) 16868/4
UCLES 2010 [Turn over
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral
Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced
Level
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the
work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of
the paper.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or
rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue
or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely
together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of
each question or part question.
Section AAnswer all questions.Write your answers in the spaces
provided on the question paper.
Section BAnswer all questions.Answer the questions on the
separate answer paper provided.
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MARINE SCIENCE 9693/04
Data-Handling and Free-Response May/June 2010
Paper 4
1 hour 15 minutesCandidates answer Section A on the Question
Paper.
Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper
For Examiners Use
1
2
3
4
Total
www.Xtrem
ePapers.com
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For
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Section A
Answer both questions in this section
1 The amount of light, of a particular wavelength, that a
pigment absorbs can be measured. It
is possible to plot a graph to show how much light is absorbed
at different wavelengths. Thisis called the absorption
spectrum.
Fig. 1.1 shows the absorption spectra of two pigments,
chlorophyll aand fucoxanthin, foundin marine algae.
3000
10
20
30
40
5060
70
80
90
100
350 400 450 500
wavelength/nm
relativeabsorbance /%
550 600 650 700
chlorophyll afucoxanthin
Key:
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) Describe the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll ashown
in Fig 1.1.
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(ii) Describe two differences between the absorption spectra of
fucoxanthin andchlorophyll a.
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(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the maximum depth that light of different
wavelengths penetrates throughsea water off the west coast of
Chile.
3000
10
20
30
40
50
60
7080
350 400 450 500
wavelength/nm
maximumd
epthoflightpenetration/m
550 600 650 700
Fig. 1.2
Suggest why green algae are found mainly near the surface of the
water.
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(c) In a study, samples of water were collected at different
depths. The concentrations ofchlorophyll aand fucoxanthin in the
sea water were determined at each depth. Theresults are shown in
Fig. 1.3.
depth/m
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
concentration of chlorophyll a/mg m-3
0 2 4 6 128 10
60
50
40
30
depth/m
20
10
00 2 4
concentration of fucoxanthin/mg m-3
6 8
Fig. 1.3
Use the information in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 to suggest
explanations for the results shownin Fig. 1.3.
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2 Fig. 2.1 shows the age of Georges Bank Atlantic cod commercial
landings over the period of19782004. The width of each circle
represents the size of the catch at a particular age.
12006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
2 3 4 5
age of fish/years
year
6 7 8 9 10+
Fig. 2.1
(a) Describe the general trends in catches between 19782004.
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(b) Using the data in Fig. 2.1 predict what will happen to cod
stocks from 2004 and beyond.Explain your predictions.
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(c) Table 2.1 shows the total international catches of North Sea
cod for the period19811991.
Table 2.1
year Total cod catch / 1000 tonnes
1981 325
1982 300
1983 260
1984 225
1985 210
1986 200
1987 210
1988 195
1989 150
1990 130
1991 110
Calculate the percentage decrease of total cod catch for the
entire 10 year period19811991. Show all working.
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(d) Suggest which fishing methods could be used to prevent the
overfishing of the GeorgesBank Atlantic cod, and how these methods
could impact on the fishing towns of thearea.
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[Total: 11]
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Section B
Answer all questions in this section.
3 (a) Describe the life cycle of the salmon stating the habitats
for each stage. [7]
(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of internal and
external fertilisation in marineorganisms. [3]
(c) Describe the care of the offspring of tuna and whale and in
each case explain how maximalsurvival of the offspring is achieved.
[5]
4 (a) State what is meant by intensiveand extensiveaquaculture.
[2]
(b) Name one marine species that is produced by aquaculture and
describe the requirements fora successful and sustainable
aquaculture venture. [6]
(c) Suggest the likely impacts that aquaculture could have on
local ecosystems and humanpopulations. Discuss the steps that could
be taken to minimise the impact. [7]
[Total: 30]
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2 Figure 2.1 Graph of Georges Bank cod commercial
landings by age between 1974-2004;
http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/spsyn/pg/cod/
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material
protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared
where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the
publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items
requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest
possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of
the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand
name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself
a department of the University of Cambridge.
