awner$p--of Gene& Motors stock he no longer news. The&troit Free

imminent return to work of s.: The Cleveland P&X head-

er, +ce-president of the union of Cleveland~ for twenty& years, as an

ator. On the whole, the fault is not with ndents on, the scene. There are distinctive

an understanding of the program, which closes with 2olidarity Forever. of these, it is pleasant P. S. I forgot to mention the American Federation of

Another fine piece of Labor, an easy thing to do these days. It has no members Flint Fisher Body No. 1 to speak of in the automobile plants, although John P:

Frey undertook to order his followers back to work. The , craft unions have no contracts with General Motors. ThGr leaders telegrams supporting the corporation against the strikers was a piece of work worthy of a feeble-minded Judas; The move has turned out to be a boomerang. The

ce and, kitchen committees; runners to the strikers are comforted by the fact that the A. F. of L. uarters, strike and .executive committees, and is openly against them and not among their supposed

assembly every afternoon at four have placed the friends, where it would be in a position to attempt a rnoe f the strike in the hands of the rank and fiIe. damaging betrayal, as in 1934.

^

, r

practically, under conditionsall ,too likely to occur again and aga.in, resolute and- e@ctive opposition to fascism means war. Is it any;. wonder -t&t in l&is kind of world consistency among peace lovers. is not a common virtue?.

Among the .enemies of both war and. fascism. are two sident Roosevelt, fresh from a considerable -groups which at first sight seem more .consistent. than the

for international good:will on the Western rest of us. There are on the one hand those pacifists who caustic in condemning, the sale of hold that the great commandment csn, be summed up of ,war to tie recognized Spanish in this: Thou shalt take no. .p+t in any kind of ,wy,

,-

who defended that sale were for the On the other. hand there. are, thoseqivocates of, collechve itter opponents of the naval race and long security who proclaim a ;holy. crusade of democratic na-. the international trade in armaments. .This is tions against f?scist aggressors. Roth groups, are mom

fe of. theinconsistencies~ or seeming incon- +ccessful in pt@@g -theits extppe qpowpt~~ ,t@~ kg world, wely; if eve5 has thestrug- supporting their own positions. For neither, group have so compliceted, or have the lovers. of we invented an. accurate name. To .&e first I shall. apply arply divided, They are caught -in the the word +a&st, pausing only ,to remind .my readers

orld more keenly. aware than ever be- that there are pacifists and paci&ts,~T+best pa&&~ al costs ,af,world war, .yet more inclined are. not -passivtis, individuals- concerned only. with their

own souls salvation or believers, in divine intervention been &lllnemiy c&p1i&edby in behalf of the. martyrs of peace. The :~$ists~$n point iq Italy and .more especially in out that history furnishes melancholy. jq$#+@for.their

fies bpth militarism and war. It .a menace to the peace as to the liberty of

may&e:-against b@,3wqd .ftisq aqd t-s-j%>- km .~q=iT:gPh pyf qq

._ &,j&&$;&

days when S still strong in Germany would have greatly increase&he .o~~riolls to this co&e of action fairly leap &$ chances of victory for. the republic against militarism and. mind Why should such an alliance, especially if fascism. Today -these pacifists can make no equally, pram- tively places Russia outside its fold, succeed w ticalsuggestion in the struggle against, fascist aggression, League of Nations has egregiously failed? The ,but .at least we owe them something for their constant of all nations, our own included, prove challenge to the method of war and their constant re alliance would not diminish the weight minder of its bitter cost. armament but would cause each nation to

Nevertheless, the pacifism which makes mere absten- frantically, not only against fascism but to guaran$&.i~~ tion from war the supreme command will not deliver position in the councils of its allies. Even without .w& mankind from new cycles of war and new dark ages of this race in militarism would jeopardize whatever -s. oppression. It is unrealistic and mad to say that it does mocracy we had left. The minute war was declared, An&$ not matter who wins in Spain if only the guns are stilled. ica- would become a fascist state or a military despoti@& It matters profoundly not only for Spain but for mankind This is the calm assumption underlying theWar Dep&$$ that the fascist aggression of whic$ Franc0 is the nominal .ments plans for military mobilization. Moreover, a and brutal leader be defeated. Persons who believe this ration of war in capitalist America would not ini must support the gallant. resistance of the workers and new struggle to make the world safe for democracy other loyalists. more truly than when Congress declared war on

Those who cannot accept pactism as the first and last 6, 1917. Ideals would have their place in indu commandment are not therefore the foes of peace. In- American people to accept a new war, but the

c deed, the advocates of one form or another of collective motive would not be, as the Communists hope, a _ security speak as its champions. Originally they sought to protect Soviet Russia or, as Mr. Armstrong h

to unite the world against, the aggressor nation or nations. They reasoned that if the certainty of united action were great enough, a would-be aggressor would shrink from The whole theory of an putting his fortunes to the test of war or even from facing states in behalf of demQcr those economic sanctions which the more optimistic be- news. It is not likely that lieved might serve as a substitute for war. Now-and against fascism will ever the change in itself sign*@ies the historical failure of rebellion in Spain. Yet collective security thmugh the League of Nations- &cause .he feared a those who consider themselves realists in contradistinc- because he could tion to the Ipacifists pin their hopes on an alliance of democratic states against realms ruled by dictators.

In a powerful and eloquent little book We or They, ing interests in Spain were original supporters ofFrancc& an. American citizen sees two worlds in conflict-the revolt. The instinctive sentiment of the ruling class world of democr;lcy and the world of dictatorship. In, the on the side of the fascists. No. abstract love of democ second he places the Soviet Union. Hamilton Fish Arm- moves the British government in its growing fe strong is, to be sure, aware of d8erences as we11 as re- fascism in Spain but, rather refIection on the danger t&&

_ sembIances between fascism and communism. In my would threaten the Empire and its precious life.il+$ judgment he understates the sdifferences, but certainly in through the Mediterranean should Italy or Germany+@ t&ms of practical politics an organization of the democ- both, gain a commanding position in Spain. : -J + r&s against the dictators which must begin with bitter It-is facts like these, added to the long and me1 contmversy cdncerning the place of mighty Russia scarcely story of the .failures of the League of Nations, solves any major probiem~of world peace. Nevertheless, make us chailenge the assumption of %vo w I&. Arin&rong dndtheschooi for ,which he is a petsua- flict.~ There is, indeed, a con&t between s&e spokesman make us face a dilemma which Americans and democracy---even the bourgeois democr &tit !estape.by mere opposition to war or any feasible &*:,$f isol&ofi. _ I

. : What &en? Shall intelligent Americans seek to build I ~,k&gue of non-fascist states with the,definite objectof.

&cki$g fasci$ aggr&sion, if necessary by preventive war, before German rearmament has gone- farther and thecon&mouss advance of. science has made war even tribal fascism. Loyalty to democracy, even &r& &dly? There would be lcgic in that, but advocates democracy, may well be invoked in the s~~~lla~~i~i~.,~~~~~ reject, it. If is a tribute td Ctdhn. But at best it can only win a te Mr.- Arm&nggs~candor that he goes farther and,doubts The essential struggle- is still socialism against whether ~libizralism can stand the compukions which war not democracy against fascism. Power-dri w&&d+ ,put upon it. Yer he: favors a form Jof- kxterna- has forced a ,high dizgr&? of- co&ctivism e ai~~~~? .+hi&, .:-if. 3 ;mas &ytl&g; f&&s, great: problem ::.for* $orkers throughout-

. . . - -& _ .-:u~2~ ,: ;;.;b~z;s* _:_ _ ..c -_, 6 ,._ ., f..

&&@+.+*:@g.lsjile&*~&&;. . $&-pqostero~~~ think W-the workersin the-

&~Statesp in the supreme emergency of war, can tier Shecapitalist state and its military organization id their own ends. They may conceivably act as a

&oh the state and mobilize edikctively against war; intemationad war to achieve a first their count$s military ma- defeat. But the pm&al conclu-

ns is not that- the United isolation. Itis that in capi- ~

utopianism to believe that the can be armed for international war against ssion or can enter such a war at a price toler-

$o the American-people orto mankind, It is far more ie for the workers and all lovers of e to try to

SF -America out of -the pursuit of war pro ts and hence war, and m theromparative sanity of this condition

ge .*t it uses its influence for peace. This is the case $ug neutrality and an embargo on the export of

i&g$ies the&x&an rule in all ~international strug- :iI$ is the case against American participation in the

&T&h action of sincere and quaWed volunteers who &@llingto risk their own lives in the struggle in Spain _ aj

$ent matter. They are investing. their own lives, ,,w* -others or involving the government.

zof a long line of men who have said with Tom Where liberty is not; there is my fatherland

sanctions and economic pressures which can be

fixed policy of the United States in international war- wrth exceptions to be made by Congress, not by the Presi-

i_

dent-does not mean that a friendly, democratically elected --:,<

. .p? government, such as that of Spain, must be denied access, :- to supplies necessary to put down armed fascist rebellion., ;_ -. It is an ugly world in-which anti-fascist forces must pay *j tribute to private protiteers for the arms of defense. Yet %. the one outstanding chance of changing -that world lies s for the mcunent in pmserving for the Spanish government the right to those forms of help v&ich under international - law governments estend to one another. To preserve it does not compel the United States to use its navy directly or indiiectly to.guarantee shipmenti, nor does it .involve.

11

&is nation in risk of war. To deny it is not only a dis- , -..,* criminatory act, deliberate support of the rebel cause;. L _. it is also a reversal of accepted American practice. The- __ United States has not prevented the sale of arms to the ..- Nanking government for use in the slaughter of workers. _ _ ! and. in civil war against the Chinese red army, or to &atin ,.: American dictators engaged in suppressing rebellions, ., It has inv~ this policy for the&st time in a civil war f to keep arms from the governmen t of Spain-a tragic misapplication of the principle of neutrality.

;-j! .

Not a method of keeping out of war but the estsblish- L 5 i merit-of a, warless world must be our goal. i _

[Zn an eady i.r.rav we shalt print an article by Vera -. j. ._ MicheEes Dean asserting the need of a wited democratk 1. front against fascist aggresskwz in Ewope.] .-

7 : ,

. - -_

>

Chicago, December 31 I( .!. ?iKKT@~ 2orOf this year seven @icago news-

@+rmm..,sh~wed :-t;-.

up for the regular monthly m,eeting d-the Qicago Newspaper Guild, with

tts pulled .down and their coat collars turned up. paying members. altogether, feelingthat they were being

at WastheGuildin Chicago, after three-hard ,, -_

Why not just cut your throa&n& save the initiation. fee?:; - I i This is Chicago,. the town that gave the world the N&n-- ii.! 1 teers, the social-security dog a. and the .Unive+ity of -;I.$ Chicago red -scare, And the &&bergs. Heros, a metro- p&tan area,of 4,5O~,OOO peoplewith only fiv&n~~

. . ;.$

papers~ Whey it had half its present, population& had ;-.-.

,1.

ore than two months later, there are &es+paying members, and that figure will be toolow

@-five or fifty by the time this is .printed. The %i,W has reached Chicago at last. The publishers *

& their ivory towers. Freedom of the press-the a*$%f .f&&ss editorial workers to sing the ,song of

at the hands of

nine paper+f youve got 4 j&hang ok3 to it. If-t& boss -, L* says &andon 19 magnetic, Landon is magnetic:Thesaloons are full ofgood newspapermen. If they cut you to@5 a

t,.

week, remember~youre an artist.~~Youren~.a. common I_ .: .:..:

working stiff ,like. the square heads out in&e composing: room getting $60 or $74. Youre the-cream of. thecrop;

I. .:.s

The Front Page*. was written about you. How about a 2.

bucktillMonday2 _ : ., $

3 .f_ : -, :. Thus the Chicago tradition But a-.f&.we&s befom ,-i.: .

the Presidential-election Hearst capitulated~ to the Guild ~j:. in Milwaukee, tinety mil+ away, Then came~&xxvel& I 7,: room serfs drunk on Broun and Marx. own in America.

Join the:Guild? @tober visit to C&i&go, when 15&00O.p~~ and

. . marched past the newspaper o@cesh&ting~~d