Judit Mádl-SzőnyiJudit Mádl-Szőnyi11 and József Tóth and József Tóth22

22009 GSA Annual Meeting009 GSA Annual MeetingFrom Volcanoes to Vineyards: Living with Dynamic LandscapesFrom Volcanoes to Vineyards: Living with Dynamic Landscapes

T 25 Groundwater in EcosystemsT 25 Groundwater in Ecosystems18-21 October Portland, Oregon, USA18-21 October Portland, Oregon, USA

Oregon Convention CenterOregon Convention Center

11Department of Physical and Applied Department of Physical and Applied Geology, Geology,

Eötvös Loránd UniversityEötvös Loránd University1/c. Pázmány P. sétány1/c. Pázmány P. sétány,, Budapest Budapest, Hungary, Hungary

e-mail: szjudit@ludens.elte.hue-mail: szjudit@ludens.elte.hu

22Department of Earth and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences,Atmospheric Sciences,

University of Alberta, Edmonton,University of Alberta, Edmonton,AB T6G 2E3 CanadaAB T6G 2E3 Canada

ObjectivesObjectives The Study AreaThe Study Area Database and MethodsDatabase and Methods ResultsResults

Groundwater Flow PatternGroundwater Flow PatternWater and Soil-SalinityWater and Soil-Salinity

Interpretation in a Schematic Interpretation in a Schematic PatternPattern

Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion

Goals of the study:Goals of the study:1. What is the source 1. What is the source

of the salts?of the salts?2. What are the 2. What are the

controls and controls and mechanisms of mechanisms of their distribution their distribution pattern?pattern?

Background:Background: The The Duna-Tisza Duna-Tisza Interfluve is plagued Interfluve is plagued by soil and wetland by soil and wetland salinizationsalinization..

The Study Area 1The Study Area 1 PhysiographyPhysiography

80-95 m asl80-95 m asl2-3 m2-3 m

80-95 m asl80-95 m asl2-3 m2-3 m100-130m asl100-130m asl

3-4 m3-4 m

Kolon LakeKolon Lake

Kelemenszék LakeKelemenszék Lake

((Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 22 ))

Locations of Locations of data, sections data, sections and pressure and pressure profilesprofiles

Generalized hydrostratigraphic section, Great Plain, Generalized hydrostratigraphic section, Great Plain, HungaryHungary

(Tóth and Almási, 2001, Fig. 8, based on Juhász, 1991, (Tóth and Almási, 2001, Fig. 8, based on Juhász, 1991, Fig. 7)Fig. 7)

Major data types:Major data types: water levels, pore water levels, pore pressures from water- and hydrocarbon pressures from water- and hydrocarbon wells, chemical data from water- and wells, chemical data from water- and hydrocarbon wells, lithologic samples, hydrocarbon wells, lithologic samples, petrophysical and geological bore-hole petrophysical and geological bore-hole logs, seismic sections, ecological logs, seismic sections, ecological landscape data.landscape data.

Methods: Methods: - hydrostratigraphic evaluation, - hydrostratigraphic evaluation, analysis of groundwater flow-analysis of groundwater flow-distribution; maps, sections and p(z) distribution; maps, sections and p(z) profiles were produced.profiles were produced.- chemical evaluation; only Na- chemical evaluation; only Na++, Cl, Cl-- and and TDS content were considered.TDS content were considered.- ecological and soil evaluation; - ecological and soil evaluation; ecological site map.ecological site map.

Deep regional sections Deep regional sections (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth, 2009, Fig. 4)(Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth, 2009, Fig. 4)

ALGYŐ AQUITARDALGYŐ AQUITARD

Deep regional sections (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. Deep regional sections (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 4b4b ))

Seismic section: Ki-3 (Mészáros, 2005, Fig. Seismic section: Ki-3 (Mészáros, 2005, Fig. 6.66.6.).)

SUBHYDROSTATIC GRADIENTSUBHYDROSTATIC GRADIENT

HYDROSTATIC HYDROSTATIC GRADIENTGRADIENT

SUPERHYDROSTATISUPERHYDROSTATICC

GRADIENTGRADIENT

Pressure profile: IzsákPressure profile: Izsák(Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 8c(Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 8c ))

Izsák- Kolon LakeIzsák- Kolon Lake

SUBHYDROSTATIC GRADIENTSUBHYDROSTATIC GRADIENT

HYDROSTATIC GRADIENTHYDROSTATIC GRADIENT

Detailed local section: hydrostratigraphy and hydraulics (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 6)Detailed local section: hydrostratigraphy and hydraulics (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 6)

Evaluation of groundwater salinity for hydrostratigraphic units Evaluation of groundwater salinity for hydrostratigraphic units (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Table 1(Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Table 1 ))

Detailed local section: hydrostratigraphy and ClDetailed local section: hydrostratigraphy and Cl--, TDS content of groundwater , TDS content of groundwater (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 10)(Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 10)

TDS: TDS: <<500 mg/l500 mg/lClCl--:: <<30 mg/l30 mg/l

Duna ValleyDuna Valley

TDS:TDS: >>2000 mg/l2000 mg/l,, ClCl--:: >>500 mg/l500 mg/l

Shallow groundwaterShallow groundwaterchemistry mapchemistry map

(modified from Kuti and(modified from Kuti and Kőrössy 1989, Kőrössy 1989,

Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth, Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth, 2009 Fig. 12)2009 Fig. 12) Ecological site mapEcological site map ( (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth, 2009, Fig. Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth, 2009, Fig.

13)13)

Duna ValleyDuna Valley

The Duna-Tisza Interfluve Hydrogeological Type Section (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 14)The Duna-Tisza Interfluve Hydrogeological Type Section (Mádl-Szőnyi and Tóth 2009, Fig. 14)

1. Sources of the salts:1. Sources of the salts:

NaCl type water, TDS: 10 000-38 000NaCl type water, TDS: 10 000-38 000mgLmgL-1 -1 from the Pre-Neogenefrom the Pre-Neogenebasement. basement.

NaHCONaHCO3 3 typetype water, TDS: 420-2 500water, TDS: 420-2 500mgLmgL-1 -1 in the Neogene sediments.in the Neogene sediments.

The two water mix, with basement The two water mix, with basement origine Clorigine Cl-- beeng a natural tracer of beeng a natural tracer ofdeep water at shallower depths.deep water at shallower depths.

Summary and Conclusion Summary and Conclusion 11

2. 2. Mechanism of salt distributionMechanism of salt distribution::

Gravitational flow-systems of meteoric fresh Gravitational flow-systems of meteoric fresh water are perched hydraulically upon the rising water are perched hydraulically upon the rising salt waters. The hydraulic interaction between salt waters. The hydraulic interaction between the two regimes controls the transport routes the two regimes controls the transport routes to, and distribution of the salts at, the land to, and distribution of the salts at, the land surface.surface.

3. Distribution pattern:3. Distribution pattern:

Salinity distribution at the surface is explained Salinity distribution at the surface is explained by the tectonically driven cross-formational rise by the tectonically driven cross-formational rise of deep saline waters channeled in and mixed of deep saline waters channeled in and mixed with fresh waters by near-surface sediments with fresh waters by near-surface sediments and gravity flow-systems.and gravity flow-systems.

The authors are pleased to acknowledge the The authors are pleased to acknowledge the assistance and contributions received from the assistance and contributions received from the following agencies and individuals for data and following agencies and individuals for data and logistical support: the Kiskunság National Park logistical support: the Kiskunság National Park (A. (A. Iványosi-Szabó)Iványosi-Szabó); the Institutes for Soil Science and ; the Institutes for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, and Ecology and Botany (Zs. Agricultural Chemistry, and Ecology and Botany (Zs. Bakacsi, Zs. Molnár) of the Hungarian Academy of Bakacsi, Zs. Molnár) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Sciences. Gy. Pogácsás, Associate Professor, Eötvös Gy. Pogácsás, Associate Professor, Eötvös Loránd Science University (ELTE)Loránd Science University (ELTE)..

L. Máté; K. Nyúl; Sz. Simon; R. Varga, L. Máté; K. Nyúl; Sz. Simon; R. Varga, FF. Zsemle. Zsemle, B. , B. Czauner Czauner former students of ELTE, kindly contributed former students of ELTE, kindly contributed results from their graduate thesesresults from their graduate theses. .

The research was supported by the Hungarian OTKA The research was supported by the Hungarian OTKA grant No. T 047159 to J. Szőnyi-Mádl, and the grant No. T 047159 to J. Szőnyi-Mádl, and the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council’s „Discovery grant” No. A-8504 to J. Tóth.Council’s „Discovery grant” No. A-8504 to J. Tóth.

Thank you Thank you

for your Attention !for your Attention !