Judiciary Law (India) 2011: Marriage between a Hindu and non-Hindu under HMA

7/30/2019 Judiciary Law (India) 2011: Marriage between a Hindu and non-Hindu under HMA

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Gjcrng{lk bjq BGQI rnjfi{njcI tlqwjc bqj` I{{nfn nc _lw{ Ojkiriqn knw{qng{& mj bjq`lk ic COJ {j {iel giql jb gmnfkqlc& miw allcgjcrng{lk a~ {ml Gj|q{ jb ]NR Ikkn{njcif @l{qjtjfn{ic @ionw{qi{l& M~klqiaik bjq qlglnrnco bjqlnoc b|ckwn{mj|{ tqnjq tlq`nwwnjc# @|ttnkn Oiaqnlf iw wlc{lcglk jc [|lwki~ {j |cklqoj QN bjq jcl `jc{m ick {jti~ i bncl jb Qw# <&444# Nc klbi|f{ jb ti~`lc{ jb bncl& ml nff mirl {j |cklqoj i wn`tfl n`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq ille& iggjqknco {j GAN KNO O# Ciolwiqi Qij# I GAN qlfliwl w{i{lk {mi{ Oiaqnlf ifniw Oicoiqih| mikbjq`lk Wnw{lq Laql{ Gmnfkqlc/w Mj`l nc @i~ 9>>; i{ I{{nfn# K|qnco 9>>;><& ml mik qlglnrlk Qw# >#<= fiemiw bjqlnoc gjc{qna|{njc bqj` jcl Wnw{lq Laql{ Mlflcl jb N{if~ bjq q|ccnco {ml jqtmiciol# [ml igg|wlk mikcln{mlq qlonw{lqlk {ml wink iwwjgni{njc n{m {ml Bjqlnoc Gjc{qna|{njc -Qlo|fi{njc. Ig{ -BGQI. Knqlg{jqi{lcjq ja{inclk tqnjq tlq`nwwnjc bqj` BGQI i|{mjqn{nlw bjq qlglnrnco gjc{qna|{njcw iw qly|nqlk |cklq {ml Ig{rnjfi{nco Wlg{njc 2 jb BGQI& 9>?2# -Mnck|& 42*49*1499.

Alcgm y|iwmlw jqklqw tiwwlk a~ KOT& KNO& WT

[ml @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{ Alcgm mlql miw y|iwmlk jqklqw tiwwlk a~ {ml Knqlg{jq Olclqif jb Tjfngl5Klt|{~ Ncwtlg{jq Olclqif jb Tjfngl& [nq|clfrlfn Qicol ick Eic~ie|ìqn W|tlqnc{lcklc{ jb Tjfnglal{llc @i~ 1>& 144= ick H|cl 91& 144> knw`nwwnco i {qibbng tjfngl gjcw{iafl bqj` wlqrngl bjq mirnco{ielc |ci|{mjqnwlk flirl bjq 19 ki~w mlc ml iw qltjq{lkf~ {ienco {qli{`lc{ nc {ml Nc{lcwnrl Giql \cn{jb i tqnri{l mjwtn{if k|l {j nffmlif{m# Iffjnco i qn{ tl{n{njc bnflk a~ W# Hjmc Ajwgj& mj mik wlqrlk {mltjfngl bjqgl wncgl 9>=2 ick i{{igmlk {j {ml [qibbng Qlo|fi{njc _nco i{ Ej{{iq tjfngl w{i{njc i{ {ml {n`l jbknw`nwwif& H|w{ngl C# Ti|f Riwic{mie|ìq mlfk {mi{ knw`nwwif bqj` wlqrngl iw {jj miqwm i t|cnwm`lc{ick cj{ nc tqjtjq{njc {j {ml gmiqol flrlfflk ioincw{ {ml tl{n{njclq# Ml jqklqlk {ml KOT {j qlncw{i{l {mlgjcw{iafl n{m gjc{nc|n{~ jb wlqrngl a|{ n{mj|{ aige iolw bqj` Itqnf 9;& 144? {nff {ml ki{l jb mnwqlncw{i{l`lc{# [ml h|kol qlhlg{lk {ml Ojrlqc`lc{ Ikrjgi{l/w w|a`nwwnjc {mi{ {ml cjqìf q|fl jb



gjcwnklqnco knw`nwwif iw ic l}glwwnrl t|cnwm`lc{ bjq |ci|{mjqnwlk flirl j|fk cj{ ittf~ {j {ml tjfnglbjqgl nc mngm klwlq{njc iw gjcwnklqlk i wlqnj|w jbblcgl# Qlgiffnco klgnwnjcw Qlgiffnco wlrlqifklgnwnjcw jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ iw lff iw {mjwl tiwwlk a~ knbblqlc{ Knrnwnjc Alcgmlw jb {ml Mnom Gj|q{&ml wink {mi{ {ml Kjg{qncl jb Tqjtjq{njcifn{~ j|fk ly|iff~ ittf~ {j {ml tjfngl bjqgl iw n{ j|fk {j j{mlqkltiq{`lc{w# Y|j{nco bqj` Mifwa|q~/w Fiw jb Lcofick& ml wink8 ‖[ml kjg{qncl miw n{w olclwnw nc {ml bnlfkjb Ik`ncnw{qi{nrl Fi# [ml Ojrlqc`lc{ ick n{w kltiq{`lc{w& nc ik`ncnw{lqnco {ml ibbinqw jb {ml gj|c{q~&iql l}tlg{lk {j mjcj|q {mlnq w{i{l`lc{w jb tjfng~ jq nc{lc{njc ick {qli{ {ml gn{nxlcw n{m b|ff tlqwjcifgjcwnklqi{njc n{mj|{ ia|wl jb knwgql{njc# [mlql gic al cj ”tnge ick gmjjwl&/ wlflg{nrl ittfngianfn{~ jb {mlojrlqc`lc{ cjq`w& |cbinqclww& iqan{qiqnclww jq |cqliwjciaflclww# ‖N{ nw cj{ tlq`nwwnafl {j |wl iwflkolmi``lq {j gqige i c|{# Iw miw allc wink ìc~ i {n`l mlql tiqnco ecnbl w|bbnglw& ai{{fl i}l nwtqlgf|klk#‐ [ml h|kol ifwj qlgifflk {mi{ {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ nc Blklqi{njc jb Ncknic Gmiàlqw jbGj``lqgl jb Nck|w{q~ Rw# _jqe`lc -9>?1. mik wink {mi{ {ml Blklqi{njc mik ìkl i `j|c{inc j|{ jb i`jfl mnff ick ìkl i {qnrnif ì{{lq nc{j jcl ncrjfrnco fjww jb n{w tqlw{nol ick qlt|{i{njc a~ knw`nwwnco icl`tfj~ll bjq mirnco wlc{ i floif cj{ngl {j n{# Wn`nfiqf~& klifnco n{m i giwl nc mngm ic Iq`~ jbbnglq iww|ahlg{lk {j gj|q{ìq{nif tqjgllkncow ick n`tjwlk n{m i wlc{lcgl jb jcl ~liq qnojqj|w n`tqnwjc`lc{bjq cj{ gjcw|`nco {ml bjjk jbblqlk a~ mnw w|tlqnjq jbbnglq& {ml itl} gj|q{ mik wink8 ‖[ml y|lw{njc jbgmjngl ick y|ic{|` jb t|cnwm`lc{ nw n{mnc {ml h|qnwkng{njc ick knwgql{njc jb {ml gj|q{ ìq{nif# A|{ {mlwlc{lcgl miw {j w|n{ {ml jbblcgl ick jbblcklq# N{ wmj|fk cj{ al rnckng{nrl jq |ck|f~ miqwm#‐ -Mnck|&42*49*1499.

Gj|q{ aqli{mlq bjq tqnlw{„w nkj jc lrng{njcOnrnco i qlfnlb {j {ml nkj jb i gm|qgm„w bjq`lq tqnlw{ bjq {n`l alnco& i gn{~ gj|q{ qlw{qinclk {mlLricolfngif Gm|qgm jb Nckni ick Tiw{jq jb {ml Gm|qgm bqj` knwtjwwlwwnco mlq ick bi`nf~ jb bjq`lq tqnlw{jb {ml gm|qgm bqj` {ml tqjtlq{~ nc mngm {ml~ iql g|qqlc{f~ qlwnknco nc Ixikt|q nc {ml Gitn{if# [ml tqnlw{„wbi`nf~ miw allc w{i~nco nc {ml wink tqjtlq{~ nc {ml gm|qgm„w tql`nwlw bjq {ml fiw{ 1? ~liqw& ick ib{lq {mlkli{m jb {ml tqnlw{& {ml qlwtjcklc{w iql bjqgnco {ml gj`tfincic{w {j rigi{l {ml tqjtlq{~# Gj`tfincic{Kinw~ Hjwltm nw {ml nkj jb TH Hjwltm& bjq`lq tqnlw{ jb Lricolfngif Gm|qgm jb Nckni i{ Ixikt|q# [mlgj`tfincic{& ifjco n{m mlq bi`nf~& miw allc fnrnco {mlql bjq {ml fiw{ 1? ~liqw iw Hjwltm iw jqenco i{{ml gm|qgm iw i tqnlw{# [ml wink tqjtlq{~ iw onrlc {j Hjwltm a~ {ml gj``n{{ll jb gm|qgm n{wlfb# ‖\cklq{mlwl big{w ick gnqg|`w{icglw& N i` jb {ml jtncnjc {mi{ iff {mlwl lwwlc{nifw ncoqlknlc{w ‛ ”tqnì bignlfloif qnom{& aificgl jb gjcrlcnlcgl ick nqqltiqiafl fjww„ ‛ mirl allc lw{iafnwmlk a~ {ml gj`tfincic{ioincw{ {ml qlwtjcklc{w# Mlcgl& {ml ittfngi{njc nw iffjlk ick klblckic{w& {mlnq qltqlwlc{i{nrlw& iolc{wick wlqric{w iql qlw{qinclk bqj` knwtjwwlwwnco {ml gj`tfincic{ bqj` {ml w|n{ tqjtlq{~ nc y|lw{njc

aliqnco @|cngntif c|àlq O9*I& Ojtif Cioiq i{ Ixikt|q nc Klfmn&‐ wink Tqiwmic{ E|ìq& Gj``lqgnifGnrnf H|kol -GGH.# [ml gj|q{ ifwj knqlg{lk {ml qlwtjcklc{w cj{ {j knwgjcclg{ {ml lflg{qngn{~ ick i{lqw|ttf~ {j {ml wink tql`nwlw k|qnco {ml tlcklcg~ jb {ml giwl n{mj|{ bjffjnco k|l tqjglww jb fi# Kinw~w|a`n{{lk albjql {ml gj|q{ {mi{ {mqll qjj`w jb {ml tqjtlq{~ iql nc mlq tjwwlwwnjc wn{|i{lk i{ {ml oqj|ckbfjjq jb {ml gm|qgm gj`tj|ck# Hjwltm knlk nc 1447& ick nc 144;& Kinw~ w{iq{lk ic jqtmiciol ‛ Hjwltm@l`jqnif Gmnfkqlc Jqtmiciol ‛ i{ {ml w|n{ tqjtlq{~ mngm nw cj i qlonw{lqlk jqtmiciol ick iaj|{ 91gmnfkqlc iql oqjnco |t {mlql# Kinw~ miw ifwj qlonw{lqlk i giwl ioincw{ {ml qlwtjcklc{ ick tqlwlc{ tqnlw{jb {ml Gm|qgm Kmiq`lcklq nc Klfmn Gj``nwwnjc jb _j`lc ick ittqjigmlk fjgif tjfngl# Kinw~ ifflolk{mi{ Tiw{jq Kmiq`lcklq nw {mqli{lcnco mlq {j enge mlq j|{ jb {ml mj|wl ick nw ifwj ifflolkf~ gqli{ncom|qkflw nc {ml w`jj{m b|cg{njcnco jb {ml jqtmiciol# ‖Klblckic{w ic{ {j igmnlrl {mlnq nff `j{nrl& {mi{ nw& {jgjcrlq{ {ml tqjtlq{~ nc{j i gj``lqgnif jcl# A~ t|{{nco tqlww|ql& Kmiq`lcklq ja{inclk `~ wnoci{|qlw jc17 afice titlqw&‐ {ml gj`tfincic{ gjc{lcklk nc mlq ittfngi{njc albjql {ml gj|q{# [ml gj|cwlf bjqklblckic{& jc {ml j{mlq mick& miw ifflolk {mi{ tfinc{nbb miw cj {n{fl jq nc{lqlw{ n{m qloiqk {j {ml w|n{

tqjtlq{~ nc y|lw{njc# Wml nw cln{mlq {ml jclq jb {ml tql`nwlw cjq miw allc qlwnknco nc {ml wink tql`nwlwnc {ml gitign{~ jb klblckic{# ‖N i` jb {ml jtncnjc {mi{ {ml tfinc{nbb miw wmjc mlq ik`n{{lk tjwwlwwnjcjrlq {ml wink tqjtlq{~ nc y|lw{njc# Mlq w{i{|w nc {ml wink tql`nwlw nw `jql {mic {mi{ jb {qlwtiwwlq# [m|w&tfinc{nbb miw allc iafl {j lw{iafnwm mlq floif qnom{ n{m qloiqk {j {ml qlfnlb wj tqi~lk&‐ {ml GGH E|ìq wink-Tnjcllq& 42*49*1499.

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iqgmlq jb {ml {n`lw# ![mnw iw i wmi`lb|f ig{ jc {ml tiq{ jb Kqjcigmiq~i# Ml mik cj{ lrlc {i|om{Lefir~i& wj mi{ qnom{ mik ml {j klìck /o|q| kiewmnci/& ick {mi{ {jj jb {ml qnom{ {m|à jb Lefir~i wj{mi{ {ml fi{{lq ì~ cj{ algj`l i al{{lq iqgmlq {mi{ mnw birj|qn{l t|tnf Iqh|c:!& iwelk i alcgm gj`tqnwncoH|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwmqi# Bjq {ml`& {ml ltnwjkl nc {ml Ikntiqri wlg{njc jb {mln``jq{if ltng gjcw{n{|{lk {ml !lff lffecjc l}i`tfl jb {ml nch|w{ngl! {j {qnaifw# [ml wgi{mncojawlqri{njc jc Kqjcigmiqi~i iw tiq{ jb ic jqklq a~ {ml alcgm {mi{ wj|om{ {j kj h|w{ngl {j i ~j|co {qnaifjìc mj iw tiqiklk cielk# [ml alcgm firnwmlk tqinwl jc {qnaifw ick tqjgfin`lk {ml` {j alw|tlqnjq {j cjc{qnaifw nc ìc~ i~w& w{qlwwnco {mi{ n{ iw {n`l {ml tqlwlc{ olclqi{njc w{jttlk qjaanco{ml` jb {mlnq bjqlw{w ick mnffw ick |ckj {ml mnw{jqngif nch|w{ngl ncbfng{lk jc {ml`# [ml giwl albjql {ml gj|q{qlfi{lk {j bj|q tlqwjcw ali{nco |t i ~j|co Amnf jìc ick {mlc tiqiknco mlq cielk nc {ml rnffiol# [ml~lql gjcrng{lk a~ i {qnif gj|q{ nc Im`lkcioiq& @imiqiwm{qi& ick wlc{lcglk {j jcl~liq n`tqnwjc`lc{#Mjlrlq& I|qicoiaik alcgm jb {ml Ajài~ MG igy|n{{lk {ml`# [ml WG alcgm& mnfl iffjnco ic ittlifick |tmjfknco {ml gjcrng{njc ick wlc{lcgl& l}tqlwwlk w|qtqnwl jrlq @imiqiwm{qi ojrlqc`lc{/w wnflcgl nccj{ bnfnco ic ittlif ioincw{ w|gm i ncgnklc{# -[JN& 42*49*1494.

Lcy|nqnlw gic gjc{nc|l lrlc ib{lq ql{nql`lc{8 MGKltiq{`lc{if lcy|nqnlw ncn{ni{lk ioincw{ ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{w |cklq Wlg{njc 9? -a. jb {ml [i`nf Cik|Gnrnf Wlqrnglw -Knwgntfncl ick Ittlif. Q|flw gic al gjc{nc|lk lrlc ib{lq {mlnq ql{nql`lc{ a~ gjcrlq{nco{ml` nc{j lcy|nqnlw |cklq Q|fl >-1. -i. jb {ml [i`nf Cik| Tlcwnjc Q|flw& 9>?=& {ml @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{Alcgm mlql miw q|flk# [ml gj|q{ ifwj mlfk {mi{ {mlql iw cj clglwwn{~ bjq {ml knwgntfnciq~ i|{mjqn{~

gjcglqclk {j ncrjel Q|fl <2 -g. jb {ml B|cki`lc{if Q|flw ick tiww i wltiqi{l jqklq ql{incnco {mlojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{w ib{lq {ml ki{l jc mngm ml*wml i{{inclk w|tlqicc|i{njc& nc jqklq {j gjc{nc|l {mllcy|nq~& |cflww {ml~ mik allc |cklq w|wtlcwnjc jc {ml ki{l jb w|tlqicc|i{njc# [ml q|fnco iw tiwwlka~ i Knrnwnjc Alcgm jb {ml Mnom Gj|q{ mnfl tiwwnco i gj``jc h|kol`lc{ jc {j qn{ ittlifw jcl bnflka~ {ml @ik|qin Gjfflg{jq nc i giwl qlfi{lk {j knwgntfnciq~ ig{njc ncn{ni{lk ioincw{ i bjq`lq Klt|{~[imwnfkiq ick icj{mlq a~ i ql{nqlk w|aqlonw{qiq jb {ml Gjjtlqi{njc Kltiq{`lc{# [ml ittlffic{w mikgmifflcolk {j gjc{qiq~ jqklqw tiwwlk a~ wncofl h|kolw jb {ml Mnom Gj|q{# Knwtjwnco jb {mlnq ittlifw& {mlKnrnwnjc Alcgm mlfk {mi{ {ml bjq`lq Klt|{~ [imwnfkiq ick {ml w|aqlonw{qiq j|fk al lc{n{flk {jtqjrnwnjcif tlcwnjc ick iff j{mlq ql{nql`lc{ alclbn{w tlcknco {ml kltiq{`lc{if lcy|nqnlw# [ml jqkw ‗ {mi{ {mlnq ‖ql{nql`lc{ wmiff al w|ahlg{ {j tlcknco knwgntfnciq~ tqjgllkncow‐ ‛ nc {ml jqklqw tiwwlk a~ {mlGjfflg{jq ick Hjnc{ Qlonw{qiq jb Gjjtlqi{nrl Wjgnl{nlw wmj|fk al gjcw{q|lk {j `lic {mi{ {ml klfncy|lc{wj|fk al klif{ n{m iw qly|nqlk |cklq Q|fl > -1. -i. jb {ml Tlcwnjc Q|flw# [ml Alcgm ifwj wink {mi{ igfjwl qliknco jb Q|fl > -1. -i. wmjlk {mi{ kltiq{`lc{if tqjgllkncow ncn{ni{lk ioincw{ ojrlqc`lc{

wlqric{w mnfl {ml~ lql nc wlqrngl wmiff al kll`lk {j al tqjgllkncow |cklq {mnw q|fl ib{lq {mlnqql{nql`lc{# [ml lcy|nqnlw wmj|fk al gjc{nc|lk ick gjcgf|klk a~ {ml i|{mjqn{nlw& mj mik ncn{ni{lk {ml`&nc {ml wi`l ìcclq iw nb {ml ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{ mik allc nc wlqrngl# Mjlrlq& {ml knwgntfnciq~ i|{mjqn{~wmiff cj{ mirl tjlq {j n`tjwl ic~ enck jb t|cnwm`lc{ nb {ml klfncy|lc{ ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{ iw|f{nì{lf~ bj|ck o|nf{~# Ncw{lik& {ml lcy|nq~ qltjq{ wmj|fk al w|a`n{{lk {j {ml Ojrlqc`lc{ mngm wmiffln{mlq n{mmjfk jq n{mkqi {ml tlcwnjc {j i ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{ bj|ck o|nf{~ jb oqirl `nwgjck|g{ jqclofnolcgl k|qnco {ml tlqnjk jb mnw wlqrngl# -Mnck|& 4?*49*1499.

W|tql`l Gj|q{ |tmjfkw aic jc `ll{ncow a~ qjikwnklw[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ |tmlfk {ml h|ko`lc{ jb {ml Elqifi Mnom Gj|q{ tqjmnan{nco t|afng`ll{ncow a~ {ml qjikwnklw nc {ml W{i{l# I Alcgm jb H|w{ngl K#E# Hinc ick H|w{ngl M#F# Ki{{| knw`nwwlk icittlif bnflk a~ {ml W{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ ioincw{ {ml h|ko`lc{ jb {ml Mnom Gj|q{ ick i w|awly|lc{ tl{n{njcwllenco i qlrnl jb {ml h|ko`lc{# [ml Alcgm wink n{ iw cj{ ncgfnclk {j nc{lqblql n{m {ml n`t|oclk

h|ko`lc{# Ittliqnco bjq {ml W{i{l& wlcnjq gj|cwlf Wjfn Wjqiahll w|a`n{{lk {mi{ {ml n`t|oclk h|ko`lc{nc{lqblqlk n{m {ml ojrlqc`lc{/w tjlqw |cklq {ml tjfngl Ig{# Ml wink i aficel{ aic jc mjfknco jb`ll{ncow a~ {ml qjikwnkl j|fk tjwl miqkwmnt {j Wiaiqnìfi tnfoqn`w nc tiq{ng|fiq iw {l`tfl* `jwy|lb|cg{njcw lql mlfk jc qjik ìqoncw# Ml wink lrlc Qlt|afng Ki~ b|cg{njcw lql mlfk a~ {ml qjikwnkl#H|w{ngl Ki{{| iwelk {ml gj|cwlf mj {ml ojrlqc`lc{ gj|fk iffj w|gm `ll{ncow jc qjik ìqoncw mlc{ml qjikw lql ciqqj# Ml wink {ml h|ko`lc{& nc big{& mik onrlc `jql tjlqw {j {ml Gmnlb Wlgql{iq~ ickjcklqlk m~ {ml W{i{l mik tqlblqqlk {ml ittlif# Ig{nco jc i qn{ tl{n{njc bnflk a~ Emifnk @|ckittnff~ jbIf|ri& cliq mlql& ifflonco {mi{ tjfn{ngif tiq{nlw lql jqoicnwnco t|afng `ll{ncow jc {ml t|afng qjik nc bqjc{jb {ml If|ri qinfi~ w{i{njc aqnconco mif{ {j {qibbng bjq mj|qw& {ml Mnom Gj|q{ mik tiwwlk {ml jqklqtqjmnan{nco w|gm `ll{ncow# Nc n{w jqklq& {ml Mnom Gj|q{ mik jawlqrlk {mi{ {ml b|cki`lc{if qnom{ {j bqllkj`



jb wtllgm ick l}tqlwwnjc jq {j iwwlàfl o|iqic{llk |cklq Iq{ngfl 9>-9. -i. ick -a. jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njcknk cj{ lc{n{fl ic~jcl {j mjfk `ll{ncow jc t|afng qjikw jq qjik ìqoncw# -Mnck|& 4?*49*1499.

Jcf~ floif mlnqw gic ittlif nc gqn`ncif giwlw8 MGCL_ KLFMN8 [ml Klfmn mnom gj|q{ miw qlhlg{lk {ml ittlif jb i bi{mlq ioincw{ igy|n{{if jb i tlqwjcigg|wlk jb enffnco mnw wjc jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ ml nw cj{ {ml floif mlnq jb {ml klgliwlk& iw {ml rng{n`/w nblick wjc iql ifnrl# [ml gj|q{ q|flk {mi{ jcf~ {ml floif mlnq ick cj{ ic~ j{mlq bi`nf~ `làlq jb i rng{n` gicbnfl ic ittlif gmifflconco {ml jqklq jb i fjlq gj|q{ nc i gqn`ncif giwl# H|w{ngl A K Im`lk knw`nwwlk {mltfli jb {ml bi{mlq& Gmi{{lq Wncom& mj mik tfliklk {mi{ mnw ittlif ioincw{ {ml igy|n{{if al mliqk iw {mlklgliwlk iw mnw wjc ick ml mik lrlq~ qnom{ {j aqnco {ml ifflolk enfflq {j h|w{ngl# [ml gj|q{ ioqllk {mi{{ml bi{mlq/w tfli iw !qliwjciafl!& a|{ iw jb {ml rnl {mi{ {ml fi wtliew j{mlqnwl ick gj`lw nc {mli~ jb iffjnco mnw ittlif# ![mnw& rlq~ l`j{nrl iqo|`lc{& ittliqw {j al qliwjciafl ick ifwj ittlifw {jj|q wlcwnanfn{nlw& a|{ j|q hja iw h|kolw nw {j nc{lqtql{ {ml w{i{|{l ick nc kjnco wj& {j bnck j|{ {ml nc{lc{njc jb{ml flonwfi{|ql&! H|w{ngl Im`lk wink# [ml gj|q{ wink {mi{ jcf~ i floif mlnq gic bnfl ittlif ick {ml bi{mlq nwcj{ i floif mlnq& iw {ml rng{n`/w nbl ick wjc iql ifnrl# ![ml |wl jb {ml l}tqlwwnjc floif mlnq iw knw{ncg{bqj` mlnq nw klfnalqi{l# Ick& {mlqlbjql& {ml l}tqlwwnjc floif mlnq j|fk mirl {j al onrlc n{w `licnco nc fijb qlblqqnco {j i tlqwjc mj nw lc{n{flk {j {ml tqjtlq{~ jb {ml rng{n` |cklq {ml ittfngiafl fi jb ncmlqn{icgl#_l mirl wllc {mi{ {ml ittlffic{ nw cj{ w|gm i tlqwjc# Iw w|gm& ml giccj{ al qloiqklk iw i floif mlnq jb{ml rng{n`&! {ml gj|q{ wink# !Nc rnl jb {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {ml Mnck| W|gglwwnjc Ig{& {ml bi{mlq alnco i GfiwwNN mlnq j|fk cj{ ncmlqn{ ic~{mnco bqj` mnw klgliwlk wjc nc {ml tqlwlcgl jb nkj ick gmnfkqlc alnco

Gfiww N mlnqw&! {ml gj|q{ wink& ikknco {mi{ iw !{ml bi{mlq nw cj{ lc{n{flk {j {ml tqjtlq{~ jb {ml rng{n` mlj|fk cj{ biff n{mnc {ml l}tqlwwnjc floif mlnq nc qlfi{njc {j mnw klgliwlk wjc#! -[JN& 94*49*1499.

Ikjt{njc n{mj|{ nbl/w gjcwlc{ nw ncrifnk8 WGIkjt{njc jb i gmnfk a~ {ml m|waick nw cj{ rifnk nb {ml nbl kjlw cj{ onrl mlq gjcwlc{ {j n{ lrlc {mj|om wml`nom{ al allc tqlwlc{ i{ {ml glql`jc~ iw i wtlg{i{jq& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw q|flk# [ml itl} gj|q{ wink{mi{ {j tqjrl i rifnk ikjt{njc& {ml gfinìc{ miw {j tqjk|gl kjg|`lc{w jb gjcwlc{ onrlc a~ {ml nblj{mlqnwl {ml tqjglww algj`lw ncrifnk iw ìcki{lk a~ Wlg{njc ? jb {ml Mnck| Ikjt{njcw ick@inc{lcicgl Ig{& 9><2# !A~ ncgjqtjqi{nco {ml qly|nql`lc{ jb {ml nbl„w gjcwlc{ nc {ml tqjrnwj {j Wlg{njc ?ick a~ gjcblqqnco nckltlcklc{ qnom{ |tjc i blìfl Mnck| {j ikjt{ i gmnfk& Tiqfni`lc{ miw {qnlk {j igmnlrljcl jb {ml bigl{w jb {ml ojif jb ly|ifn{~ lcwmqnclk nc {ml Tqliàfl ick qlbflg{lk nc Iq{ngfl 9; qlik n{mIq{ngfl 9< jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc# ![mnw gic al kjcl ln{mlq a~ tqjk|gnco kjg|`lc{ lrnklcgnco mlq gjcwlc{ ncqn{nco jq a~ fliknco lrnklcgl {j wmj {mi{ {ml nbl mik ig{nrlf~ tiq{ngnti{lk nc {ml glql`jcnlw jb

ikjt{njc n{m ic ibbnqì{nrl `nckwl{ {j w|ttjq{ {ml ig{njc jb {ml m|waick {j {iel i wjc jq i ki|om{lq ncikjt{njc# [ml tqlwlcgl jb {ml nbl iw i wtlg{i{jq nc {ml iwwlàf~ jb tljtfl mj oi{mlq i{ {ml tfiglmlql {ml glql`jcnlw jb ikjt{njc iql tlqbjq`lk giccj{ al {qli{lk iw mlq gjcwlc{# !Nc j{mlq jqkw& {mlgj|q{ giccj{ tqlw|`l {ml gjcwlc{ jb {ml nbl wn`tf~ algi|wl wml iw tqlwlc{ i{ {ml {n`l jb ikjt{njc&!{ml itl} gj|q{ wink# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw O W Wncomrn ick Iwje E|ìq Oico|f~ tiwwlk {ml h|kol`lc{mnfl knw`nwwnco {ml ittlif jb Omnwifif bqj` @ikm~i Tqiklwm mj gfin`lk {j al {ml ikjt{lk wjc jbOjtifhn ick Kmit|ain# -Klggic mlqifk& 97*49*1499.

H|kolw gic/{ ig{ iw {itl qlgjqklqw& a|{ cllk {j tqj{lg{ n{clwwlw8WGJawlqrnco {mi{ h|kolw giccj{ ig{ //fnel `lql {itl qlgjqklqw//ick ojrlqc`lc{ miw i k|{~ {j tqj{lg{n{clwwlw& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ {jki~ {qicwblqqlk {ml `|qklq {qnif jb ic lconcllq& ifflolkf~ wmj{ klik a~ igjc{qig{jqw/ ìbni& bqj` \{{iqiemick {j i Klfmn gj|q{# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw H @ Ticgmif ick M F Ojemifltiwwlk {ml jqklq jc i tl{n{njc bnflk a~ Rneiw E|ìq Qjjqelif& wjc jb {ml klgliwlk Qikml~ Wm~i`& i

W|tlqnc{lcklc{ Lconcllq n{m \{{iqiemick Nqqnoi{njc Kltiq{`lc{& mj wj|om{ {ml {qicwblq jc {ml oqj|ck{mi{ {ml bi`nf~ ick n{clwwlw lql bignco gjcw{ic{ {mqli{w ick nc{n`nki{njc bqj` {ml igg|wlk# Wm~i`&mj iw klifnco n{m Qw 1;4gqjql \ttlq Oicoi Fnce Gicif Tqjhlg{& iw wmj{ klik nc aqjik ki~fnom{ jcH|cl 9=& 1442& i{ mnw gi`t jbbngl nc Qjjqell nc bqjc{ Qjjqelif ick j{mlq n{clwwlw# [ml giwl iwtlcknco {qnif nc i Biw{ [qige gj|q{& Miqnkiq& wncgl 1442# [ml klgliwlk/w wjc ifflolk i c|àlq jb j{mlqlconcllqw {jj lql liqfnlq `|qklqlk a~ {ml ìbni mj mik fl{ fjjwl i qlnoc jb {lqqjq# N{ iw w{i{lk {mi{{ml n{clwwlw ick {ml bi`nf~ `làlqw jb Wm~i` lql bignco gjcw{ic{ {mqli{w ick lrlc {ml kqnrlq jb {mlklgliwlk& mj iw i el~ tqjwlg|{njc n{clww& mik {|qclk mjw{nfl k|qnco {ml {qnif# Iggjqknco {j {mlklgliwlk/w wjc& {mj|om {ml~ mirl ìkl wlrlqif qltqlwlc{i{njcw {j {ml i|{mjqn{nlw ick {ml {qnif gj|q{gjcglqclk& cj ig{njc iw {ielc {j tqj{lg{ {ml n{clwwlw# Igglt{nco {ml tfli& H|w{ngl Ticgmif& qn{nco {ml



h|kol`lc{& wink !{ml clglwwn{~ jb i binq {qnif miqkf~ cllkw l`tmiwnw# [ml w{i{l miw i klbncn{l qjfl {j tfi~ nctqj{lg{nco {ml n{clwwlw& {j w{iq{ n{m i{ fliw{ nc wlcwn{nrl giwlw# ![ml fliqclk h|kol miw binflk {j {ieltiq{ngnti{jq~ qjfl nc {ml {qnif# Ml iw cj{ l}tlg{lk {j ig{ fnel i `lql {itl qlgjqklq {j qlgjqk mi{lrlq mikallc w{i{lk a~ {ml n{clwwlw&! {ml alcgm wink# -Klggic mlqifk& 97*49*1499.

MG gmiw{nwlw 7 fi~lqw bjq wtjnfnco gj|q{ klgjq|`CL_ KLFMN8 [ml Klfmn Mnom Gj|q{& jc _lkclwki~& gmiw{nwlk {mqll fi~lqw& ncgf|knco i jìc& ib{lq{ml~ iqo|lk n{m ligm j{mlq ncwnkl {ml gj|q{qjj`# [ml ncgnklc{ jgg|qqlk albjql i knrnwnjc alcgm jb GmnlbH|w{ngl Kntie @nwqi ick H|w{ngl Wichnr Emicci wjjc ib{lq n{ jqklqlk @|cngntif Gjqtjqi{njc jb Klfmn-@GK. {j {iel tqjtlq ig{njc iw tlq fi ioincw{ nffloif lcgqjigm`lc{ jc {ml i~ {j i `jwy|l nc glc{qifKlfmn# \cw|ql nb n{w qla|el nff mirl i wjalqnco n`tig{ jc {ml {mqll& {ml alcgm ifwj iwelk {ml Mnom Gj|q{Aiq Iwwjgni{njc tqlwnklc{ I W Gmickmje ick Klfmn Aiq Gj|cgnf gminqìc Qielwm [nee| {j b|q{mlq gj|cwlf{ml {qnj jc mj {j almirl nc gj|q{w ick lfwlmlql# [ml {mqll lc{lqlk nc{j ic iqo|`lc{ iw {ml jìcfi~lq wink wml j|fk bnfl i tfli bjq ncn{ni{nco gjc{l`t{ jb gj|q{ tqjgllkncow ioincw{ @GK nc giwl {ml~ kjcj{ jal~ {ml gj|q{ jqklq tqjtlqf~ ick tqj`t{f~# Mlq qlìqe ittiqlc{f~ iccj~lk {ml {j fi~lqwittliqnco bjq {ml ifflolk lcgqjigmlq& ick {ml~ ql{jq{lk n{m i !kj mi{lrlq ~j| fnel! fncl albjql flirnco{ml gj|q{qjj`# I{ {mnw& {ml jìc fjkolk i tqj{lw{ albjql {ml h|kolw ick wink wml mik allc {mqli{lclkqnom{ ncwnkl {ml gj|q{qjj`# Ig{nco |tjc mlq gj`tfinc{& {ml gj|q{ wlc{ n{w `lwwlcolq {j w|``jc {ml k|j&mj ql{|qclk& ifaln{ qlf|g{ic{f~# [ml alcgm wlrlqlf~ qltqnìcklk {ml k|j ick wink klgjq|` ncwnkl {mlgj|q{ cllkw {j al ìnc{inclk# [ml {j itjfjonwlk bjq {mlnq almirnj|q# [ml jìc fi~lq iw iwelk {j

al tjfn{l {j mlq gjfflio|lw& {jj# -[JN& 97*49*1499.

Cj ncknwgntfncl& O|hiqi{ Mnom Gj|q{ {lffw knrnklk WN[[ml O|hiqi{ Mnom Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ wink n{ j|fk mirl {j jqe j|{ i ‖`jklf‐ bjq {ml Wtlgnif Ncrlw{noi{njc[li`& tqjanco {ml Nwmqi{ Himic lcgj|c{lq giwl& bjffjnco knbblqlcglw i`jco {ml {mqll WN[ `làlqw# IAlcgm jb H|w{nglw Hi~ic{ Ti{lf ick Iamnfiwmi E|ìqn wink {ml `jklf j|fk mirl {j al jqelk j|{ {j wll{mi{ {ml ‖wicg{n{~ ick wtnqn{ jb {ml gj|q{/w jqklq nw cj{ tiqif~wlk k|l {j knbblqlcgl jb jtncnjc i`jcow{ {ml{li` `làlqw#‐ [ml Alcgm iw mliqnco ic ittfngi{njc `jrlk a~ {ml WN[ mlik ick Klfmn Hjnc{ TjfnglGj``nwwnjclq Eiqcinf Wncom wllenco {j ittjnc{ ic i`ng|w g|qnil bjq {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ittjnc{lk WN[ {jklif n{m ic~ floif gj`tfngi{njcw {mi{ `nom{ iqnwl k|qnco {ml gj|qwl jb {ml ncrlw{noi{njc# @q# Wncom mn`wlfbiw cj{ tqlwlc{ albjql {ml gj|q{# A|{ {ml knbblqlcglw gi`l {j {ml bjql mlc icj{mlq `làlq& Wi{nwmRlqì& i O|hiqi{ NTW gikql jbbnglq& qinwlk jahlg{njcw& wi~nco @q# Wncom mik `jrlk {ml tl{n{njc n{mj|{ja{incnco {ml gjcwlcw|w jb {ml {li`# Ml wink {ml ittfngi{njc iw `jrlk a~ @q# Wncom nc mnw tlqwjcif

gitign{~ ick cj{ iw WN[ Gminqìc# @jqljrlq& {ml tl{n{njc iw rio|l ick knk cj{ `lc{njc {ml nww|lw jcmngm floif ikrngl `nom{ al cllklk# @q# Rlqì gfin`lk {mi{ {ml gj|q{ gj|fk ittjnc{ ic i`ng|w g|qnil jbn{w jc iggjqk a|{ cj WN[ jbbnglq gj|fk ìel w|gm i qly|lw{# ‖Nb {ml WN[ cllklk floif ikrngl& n{ gj|fk ol{i floif ikrnwlq ittjnc{lk a~ {ml W{i{l ojrlqc`lc{#‐ Gjc{qikng{nco mn`& {ml j{mlq `làlq& @jmic Hmi&ncbjq`lk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ @q# Wncom mik ncbjqìff~ knwg|wwlk {ml nww|l n{m {ml `làlqw i{ i `ll{nco nc i@lmwici gnqg|n{ mj|wl# @q# Hmi& ifwj i O|hiqi{ NTW gikql jbbnglq& wink ml iw nc birj|q jb {ml ittfngi{njcbjq {ml ittjnc{`lc{ jb i`ng|w g|qnl# Ib{lq {ml w|a`nwwnjcw& {ml gj|q{ wj|om{ {j ecj ml{mlq {mlql iwic~ ”oqj|t/ gfiwm nc {ml WN[# @q# Rlqì wink n{ iw cj{ i ‖oqj|t gfiwm a|{ jcf~ i knbblqlcgl jb jtncnjc#‐ Mlifflolk {mi{ @q# Wncom/w i{{n{|kl {j {ml ncrlw{noi{njc ick w|gm knbblqlcgl jb jtncnjcw j|fk i`j|c{ {jmi`tlqnco {ml tqjal ick& gjcwly|lc{f~ {ml rlq~ t|qtjwl jb {ml gqli{njc jb {ml WN[ ‛ {j |cliq{m {ml {q|{m ‛ j|fk al klbli{lk# [ml gj|q{ wink n{ j|fk mirl {j mliq @q# Wncom ick j{mlqw ick j|fk mirl {jklgnkl {ml nww|l# ‖Mjlrlq& l kjc/{ ic{ ic~ ncknwgntfncl nc {ml WN[ ìkl a~ |w&‐ {ml Alcgm cj{lk# [mlgj|q{ tjw{lk {ml ì{{lq {j Hic|iq~ 1=& mlc @q# Wncom j|fk mirl {j al tqlwlc{# -Mnck|& 9;*49*1499.

Bi{mlq cj{ /bi`nf~/ bjq ìqqnlk ojr{ w{ibb& wi~w gj|q{GMLCCIN8 Bi{mlq jb i ìqqnlk ojrlqc`lc{ l`tfj~ll nw cj{ gjrlqlk a~ {ml {lq` bi`nf~/ ick mlcgl cj{lfnonafl {j ol{ mnw `lkngif l}tlcwlw qlnà|qwlk a~ {ml ojrlqc`lc{& {ml @ikqiw mnom gj|q{ miw wink#H|w{ngl E Gmickq|& knw`nwwnco {ml qn{ tl{n{njc jb C Nfiriqiw|& qlfnlk jc i W|tql`l Gj|q{ q|fnco {mi{ {mltqjrnwnjc jb bignfn{nlw giccj{ al |cfn`n{lk# Nfiriqiw| `jrlk {ml gj|q{ wllenco i knqlg{njc {j {mlojrlqc`lc{ {j qlnà|qwl {ml `lkngif l}tlcwlw ncg|qqlk mlc mnw bi{mlq |cklqlc{ i w|qolq~ bjq ql`jrifjb i {|`j|q# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ qlhlg{lk mnw ittfngi{njc nc @i~ 1444# Iwwinfnco {ml qlhlg{njc& Nfiriqiw| wink{ml b|cki`lc{if qnom{ {j ly|ifn{~ j|fk al klcnlk nb {ml l}tlcwlw jb bi{mlq ifjcl iql cj{ qlnà|qwlk#



Lrlc i ìqqnlk wjc nw aj|ck {j tqj{lg{ mnw kltlckic{ tiqlc{w& ml wink# [ml ojrlqc`lc{& mjlrlq& gn{lki @iqgm 9>>7 q|fl wi~nco bi`nf~/ bjq {ml t|qtjwl jb {mnw wgml`l nff cj{ gjrlq {ml bi{mlq# N{ wink n{ giccj{ibbjqk {j wtlck {ml mlif{m b|ck jc iff gi{lojqnlw jb tlqwjcw# Nc giwl jb i ìqqnlk ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{& {mlwgml`l tqjrnklw tqj{lg{njc jcf~ bjq nbl ick gmnfkqlc ick jcgl {ml {lq` bi`nf~/ nw klbnclk& {ml tl{n{njclqgiccj{ l}tick {ml klbncn{njc {j ncgf|kl mnw bi{mlq& n{ wink# [mj|om Nfiriqiw|/w bi{mlq/w inf`lc{ nw gjrlqlk|cklq {ml wgml`l ick {ml mjwtn{if& mlql ml |cklqlc{ w|qolq~& nw ifwj gjrlqlk& |cflww ick |c{nf mnwbi{mlq nw gjrlqlk a~ {ml klbncn{njc jb {ml {lq` bi`nf~/& ml giccj{ wlle {j l}tick {ml wgjtl jb {ml wgml`l&{ml ojrlqc`lc{ wink# H|w{ngl Gmickq|& gn{nco {ml itl} gj|q{ h|ko`lc{ {mi{ cj w{i{l jb ic~ gj|c{q~ gj|fkmirl |cfn`n{lk qlwj|qglw {j wtlck jc ic~ jb n{w tqjhlg{w& wink {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ iw lff n{mnc n{wtjlqw {j tiww w|gm ic jqklq# !N{ giccj{ al wink {mi{ {ml w{ick jb {ml w{i{l iw ln{mlq iqan{qiq~ jq rnjfi{nrljb b|cki`lc{if qnom{ {j ly|ifn{~# [ml gfiwwnbngi{njc ìkl a~ {ml w{i{l nw lff n{mnc n{w tjlqw# Mlcgl&{mlql nw cj giwl ìkl j|{&! ml wink ick knw`nwwlk {ml qn{ tl{n{njc# -[JN& 9?*49*1499.

/H|kngniq~ gic/{ {lw{ GRG w|n{ianfn{~/CL_ KLFMN8 H|kngniq~ nw cj{ {ml bjq|` {j {lw{ T H [mjìw/w w|n{ianfn{~ iw glc{qif rnonficgl gj``nwwnjclq&{ml Glc{ql {jfk {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc @jcki~# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ i{{igmlk fn{{fl n`tjq{icgl {j {ml gj|q{/wy|lq~ iaj|{ [mjìw/w w|n{ianfn{~ iw GRG# [ml L}lg|{nrl/w wjfl tqlqjoi{nrl {j wi{nwb~ n{wlfb jc {mlw|n{ianfn{~ jb i gicknki{l gj|fk cj{ al y|lw{njclk nc i h|kngnif bjq|`& n{ wink nc ic ibbnkirn{# ![ml T@ ick{ml mj`l `ncnw{lq bj|ck [mjìw iw {ml `jw{ w|n{iafl gicknki{l {j mjfk {ml tjw{ jb {ml glc{qif rnonficglgj``nwwnjclq&! n{ wink& ìenco fnom{ jb fliklq jb jttjwn{njc W|wmì Wiqih/w knwwlc{ mngm b|lfflk {ml

klìck bjq mnw qlwnoci{njc# N{ wink |cicn`n{~ nc i kl`jgqi{ng wlflg{njc tqjglww knk cj{ ifi~w jqe#!@lqlf~ algi|wl jcl `làlq jb {ml gj``n{{ll -Wiqih. knk cj{ ioqll n{m {ml ìhjqn{~ rnl& {ml ìhjqn{~rnl giccj{ al {lq`lk iw nffloif&! {ml Glc{ql wink# Q|fnco tiq{~ fliklqw mik binflk {j tlqw|ikl [mjìw {jqlwnoc ib{lq bnfnco jb i TNF& mngm wj|om{ y|iwmnco jb mnw ittjnc{`lc{# Bqlwm mliqnco jc {ml TNF& jc mngm{ml gj|q{ mik wj|om{ qlwtjcwlw jb {ml Glc{ql ick [mjìw& nw wgmlk|flk bjq Hic|iq~ 1?# [ml Glc{qlaigelk [mjìw/w wlflg{njc& nc{loqn{~ ick w|n{ianfn{~ bjq GRG/w tjw{# N{ wink& ![ml y|lw{njc jb w|n{ianfn{~ jb igicknki{l nw wy|iqlf~ {ml kjìnc jb {ml ittjnc{nco i|{mjqn{~# [ml iqo|`lc{ iaj|{ w|n{ianfn{~ jb igicknki{l giccj{ al qinwlk nc h|kngnif tqjgllkncow#! Flww {mic {j `jc{mw ioj& {ml gj|q{ mik wink lrlc nb[mjìw mik n`tlggiafl nc{loqn{~& {ml tlcknco gmiqolwmll{ j|fk tjwl knbbng|f{~# !_mlclrlq ml nfflc{lq{inc i gj`tfinc{ ick jqklq ncy|nq~& ml nff bigl {ml y|lw{njc ‛ /~j| ~j|qwlfb iql ic igg|wlk& mjgic ~j| fjje nc{j icj{mlq gj`tfinc{/&! n{ mik wink# Fiw{ `jc{m& {ml gj|q{ mik iwelk {ml Glc{ql ick[mjìw {j qlwtjck {j i TNF& mngm wj|om{ y|iwmnco jb mnw ittjnc{`lc{ algi|wl ml iw igg|wlk jbgqn`ncif gjcwtnqig~ nc {ml tif`jflnc jnf n`tjq{ wgi`# Mnom tqnglk n`tjq{ jb jnf nc {ml 9>>4w ifflolkf~

gi|wlk m|ol fjww {j Elqifi# [mnw `jc{m& {ml gj|q{ gfliqlk {ml i~ bjq qlw|`t{njc jb {qnif nc {ml giwl# [mlGlc{ql {jfk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ [mjìw iw gfliqlk jb ic~ qjcokjnco nc {ml tif`jflnc n`tjq{ wgi` a~ {mlGRG nc Jg{jalq 144>& tqnjq {j mnw ittjnc{`lc{ iw {lflgj` wlgql{iq~ nc {ml \cnjc ojrlqc`lc{ {mqj|om iqnojqj|w tqjglww# -[JN& 9=*49*1499.

Tl{n{njc gmifflcolw Mnck| qn{|ifw i{ gj|q{ b|cg{njc[ml O|hiqi{ Mnom Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ qlwlqrlk n{w jqklq jc i tl{n{njc y|lw{njcnco {ml Mnck| qn{|ifwtlqbjq`lk jc {ml gj|q{ tql`nwlw nc {ml tqlwlcgl jb {ml Gmnlb H|w{ngl ick j{mlq h|kolw k|qnco {ml Ojfklc h|anfll glflaqi{njcw jb {ml Mnom Gj|q{ fiw{ ~liq# I Knrnwnjc Alcgm gj`tqnwnco h|w{nglw Hi~ic{ Ti{lf ick H#G# \tikmi~i qlwlqrlk {ml jqklq ib{lq iaj|{ >4 `nc|{lw iqo|`lc{w& i{ {n`lw mli{lk& al{llc {ml Alcgmick {ml ikrjgi{l jb {ml tl{n{njclq& Qihlwm Wjficen& i fjgif hj|qcifnw{# [ml tl{n{njclq gmifflcolk {ml‖amjj`ntjjhic‐ glql`jc~ tlqbjq`lk a~ Gmnlb H|w{ngl W# H# @|emjtikm~i~i& ick j{mlqw gfin`nco {mi{ n{i`j|c{lk {j rnjfi{njc jb gjcw{n{|{njcif tqjrnwnjcw# N{ iw gfin`lk {mi{ {ml W{i{l alnco klbnclk |cklq iq{ngfl

91 jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc& iw qly|nqlk {j qlw{qinc n{wlfb bqj` alnco iwwjgni{lk n{m ic~ qlfnonj|w bin{m# N{ iwb|q{mlq gfin`lk {mi{ {ml Mnom gj|q{ alnco i t|afng ajk~ ick tqj{lg{jq jb {ml qnom{w jb gn{nxlcw& wmj|fk ifwjqlw{qinc n{wlfb bqj` alnco iwwjgni{lk n{m ic~ qlfnonj|w bin{m# [ml tl{n{njclq/w gj|cwlf& Onqnwm Ti{lf&gjc{lcklk {mi{ Nckni alnco i wlg|fiq w{i{l& ic~ tiq{ jb n{ gj|fk cj{ wtjcwjq jq tqjtioi{l ic~ qlfnonjc#Qlblqqnco {j {ml Ojfklc h|anfll b|cg{njc& @q# Ti{lf gjc{lcklk {mi{ n{ iw cj{ i tlqwjcif ì{{lq jb ic~ jb{ml knocn{iqnlw ick iw i W{i{l b|cg{njc jqoicnwlk a~ {ml gj|q{ ik`ncnw{qi{njc# N{ iw b|q{mlq gjc{lcklk{mi{ tlqbjq`nco w|gm qn{|ifw i{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ jq {ml W{i{l b|cg{njcw iw rnjfi{nrl jb cl|{qifn{~ jb {mlW{i{l ick i`j|c{lk {j knwgqn`nci{njc {j j{mlqw# Ml b|q{mlq gjc{lcklk {mi{ {mnw j|fk ifwj i`j|c{ {jm|q{nco bllfncow jb {mjwl mj knk cj{ alfnlrl nc ic~ qlfnonjc a|{ j|fk w{nff mirl {j al tqlwlc{ i{ {mlb|cg{njc alnco ln{mlq {ml `làlqw jb {ml w{ibb& {ml jq {ml Alcgm# Ml ifwj gjc{lcklk {mi{ w|gm wìff



aqligmlw ick {ml giqlflww i{{n{|kl iaj|{ {ml n`tig{ j|fk |f{nì{lf~ qlw|f{ nc{j klw{qj~nco {mlgjcw{n{|{njcif ìcki{lw# Qinwnco j{mlq tjnc{w @q# Ti{lf tjwlk y|lw{njcw {j {ml Alcgm# ‖_mi{ nb {mlql iwi Gmnlb H|w{ngl alfjconco {j @|wfn`& Gmqnw{nic jq ic~ j{mlq qlfnonjc jq mirnco knbblqlc{ alfnlb& j|fk mliffj w|gm qn{|ifw: Ick nb cj{ {mlc mi{ j|fk mittlc nb {ml~ nwmlk {j tlqbjq` qn{|ifw iw tlq {mlnq alfnlb#_j|fk n{ cj{ i`j|c{ {j aqligm jb gjcw{n{|{njcif tqjrnwnjcw:‐ {ml ikrjgi{l iwelk# Liqfnlq& {ml Alcgm qinwlkriqnj|w y|lw{njcw {j {ml tl{n{njclq bjq mngm ml wj|om{ {n`l {j lcoiol fi~lq# [ml Alcgm iwelk iw {jmj {ml wink qn{|if i`j|c{lk {j l}tfjn{ ic~jcl/w wlc{n`lc{w# [ml Alcgm ifwj iwelk {j wmj ic~ wtlgnbngfi jq gjcw{n{|{njcif tqjrnwnjc |cklq mngm tlqbjq`nco w|gm qn{|if ick jbblqnco jb tqi~lq a~ knocn{iqnlwtqlwlc{ i{ {ml jggiwnjc gj|fk al {lq`lk nffloif jq |cgjcw{n{|{njcif# [ml Alcgm y|lw{njclk iw {j mj ic|ck|l ikric{iol iw onrlc {j ic~ tiq{ng|fiq qlfnonjc ick {mlql iw knwgqn`nci{njc k|l {j {ml wink qn{|if/wtlqbjqìcgl i{ {ml b|cg{njc# Liqfnlq i Knrnwnjc Alcgm mliklk a~ {ml Gmnlb H|w{ngl mn`wlfb mik qlb|wlk {jmliq {ml w|oolw{nco {mi{ n{ al qlblqqlk {j icj{mlq Alcgm nc mngm ml iw cj{ i `làlq# Bjffjnco {mlqlb|wif a~ {ml bnqw{ Alcgm& {ml ì{{lq iw qlblqqlk {j {ml Alcgm jb H|w{nglw Ti{lf ick \tikmi~i# # -Mnck|&19*49*1499.

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giwlw# I{ {ml fiw{ mliqnco& i`ng|w g|qnil Miqnwm Wifrl kql {ml gj|q{/w i{{lc{njc {j @w# Wl{ifrik/w fl{{lqw{j {ml \cn{lk Ci{njcw bjq|` jc n{clww tqj{lg{njc# [ml Alcgm wj|om{ @w# Wl{ifrik/w qlwtjcwl# I{ {mlqlw|`lk mliqnco& GHT gj|cwlf Ei`ncn Hinwif ik`n{{lk {mi{ {j fl{{lqw lql wlc{ {j {ml JMGMQ# H|w{nglHinc {jfk gj|cwlf8 ‖_l kjc/{ ittqlgni{l fl{{lqw alnco wlc{ {j i bjqlnoc gj|c{q~& l gic/{ ittqjrl jb n{# Kj~j| `lic {j wi~ {mi{ l gic/{ onrl n{clww tqj{lg{njc ick {ml~ nff onrl tqj{lg{njc {j n{clwwlw: [mnwwmjw ~j| mirl `jql gjcbnklcgl nc {mi{ jqoicnwi{njc {mic {mnw gj|q{# N{ nw i knqlg{ nc{lqblqlcgl nc j|q gj|q{tqjgllkncow# _l gic/{ iffj nc{lqblqlcgl nc j|q gj|q{ tqjgllkncow# _l gic/{ {iel o|nkicgl bqj` w|gmjqoicnwi{njcw#‐ _mlc @w# Hinwif l}tfinclk {mi{ {ml fl{{lqw lql wlc{ jcf~ a~ i~ jb nc{nì{njc& H|w{nglHinc wink8 ‖Nc{nì{njc miw {j al n{m wj`l t|qtjwl# Nb ~j| wlck w|gm fl{{lqw nc b|{|ql& {mlc l nff mliq {mli`ng|w g|qnil ick tiww jqklqw n{mj|{ mliqnco ~j|# Iff {mlwl giwlw iql alnco `jcn{jqlk a~ |w5 l kjc/{fnel ic~ gjqqlwtjcklcgl jb mlq U@w# Wl{ifrikP n{m bjqlnoc iolcgnlw#‐ Mjlrlq& ib{lq @w# Hinwif iww|qlk{ml gj|q{ {mi{ @w# Wl{ifrik j|fk cj{ wlck ic~ `jql fl{{lq {j {ml JMGMQ& {ml Alcgm tiwwlk ic jqklq{qli{nco {ml nww|l iw gfjwlk# @q# Wifrl w|a`n{{lk {ml w{i{|w qltjq{& ki{lk Hic|iq~ 9=& onrlc a~ WN[

Gminqìc Q#E# Qiomiric jc {ml cncl giwlw& nc mngm {qnif nw ojnco jc# _mlc @q# Wifrl wink jcl jb {ml h|kolw mj mik cliqf~ gj`tfl{lk l}i`nci{njc jb 9>; n{clwwlw nc {ml Ciqjki Ti{n~i giwl iw{qicwblqqlk& {ml Alcgm tlq`n{{lk @q# Qiomiric {j ìel i qly|lw{ albjql {ml Gmnlb H|w{ngl jb {ml O|hiqi{Mnom Gj|q{ bjq ql{qicwblqqnco {ml h|kol {j {ml wi`l gj|q{# [ml Alcgm {jje jc qlgjqk i`ng|w g|qnil Qih|Qiìgmickqic/w jawlqri{njcw jc {ml WN[/w bncif qltjq{ jc {ml ncrlw{noi{njc gjck|g{lk jc Xieni Hibbql~/wgj`tfinc{ {mi{ Gmnlb @ncnw{lq Ciqlckqi @jkn ick 21 j{mlqw mik jqgmlw{qi{lk {ml qnj{w# Ib{lq b|qcnwmnco igjt~ jb {ml qltjq{ {j {ml WN[ Gminqìc& {ml Alcgm tjw{lk b|q{mlq mliqnco {j @iqgm 7 bjq gjcwnklqnco {mnwqltjq{# -Mnck|& 19*49*1499.

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gjqtjqi{njc {mi{ jcf~ bnrl {ligmlqw gj|fk al wtiqlk# Nc qltf~& {ml gnrng ajk~ iqclk jb /tlcifgjcwly|lcglw/ nb {ml wgmjjf knk cj{ gj`tf~# W{ @iq~/w w{|ge {j n{w oqj|ck# !Cj l`tfj~llw jb tqnri{lgjqtjqi{l wlg{jq& wlqrngl wlg{jq jq lrlc `lkngif ncw{n{|{njcw iql w|``jclk bjq w|gm k|{nlw# [mlql nwknwgqn`nci{njc ioincw{ l`tfj~llw jb |cinklk tqnri{l wgmjjfw&! wink {ml tl{n{njc# N{ ikklk {mi{ {ml w{i{lgj|fk cj{ w|``jc {ml w{ibb jb |cinklk wgmjjfw bjq ojrlqc`lc{ k|{nlw wncgl n{ miw cj i|{mjqn{~ jrlq {ml`#[ml tl{n{njclqw/ ikrjgi{l @nmnq Klwin iqo|lk nc gj|q{ {mi{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{/w ncwnw{lcgl jc |wnco {ligmlqwjb tqnri{l |cinklk wgmjjfw iw glcw|w jbbnglqw nw iqan{qiq~# [ml gj|q{& jc @jcki~& knqlg{lk {ml ikkn{njcifojrlqc`lc{ tfliklq {j bnck j|{ i wjf|{njc {j {ml nww|l# [ml tl{n{njc nff gj`l |t bjq mliqnco ioinc ib{lq{j llew# -[JN& 1<*49*1499.

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Ojr{ w|awnk~ bjq Mih cj{ |cgjcw{n{|{njcif8 WGOjrlqc`lc{ w|awnk~ {j @|wfn`w bjq Mih tnfoqnìol jq wn`nfiq alclbn{w bjq j{mlq qlfnonjcw nw cj{ rnjfi{nrl jb{ml Gjcw{n{|{njc& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ q|flk# [ml itl} gj|q{ qlhlg{lk {ml iqo|`lc{ {mi{ oqic{ jb w|awnk~ bjq@|wfn`w |cklq{ienco {ml Mih i`j|c{w {j rnjfi{njc jb Iq{ngflw 9; -ly|ifn{~.&9< a-cjcknwgqn`nci{njc. ick 1?-cj t|afng {i}nco bjq tqj`j{nco ic~ qlfnonjc.# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw @iqeickl~i Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi@nwmqi wink nc ic jqklq {mi{ cj{mnco iw |cgjcw{n{|{njcif nb i wìff tjq{njc jb t|afng `jcl~ nw |wlk bjqw|anknwnco tnfoqnìol# !Nc j|q jtncnjc& Iq{ngfl 1? j|fk al rnjfi{lk nb i w|aw{ic{nif tiq{ jb {ml lc{nql ncgj`l{i} gjfflg{lk nc Nckni& jq i w|aw{ic{nif tiq{ jb {ml lc{nql glc{qif l}gnwl jq {ml g|w{j`w k|{nlw jq wiflw {i} jqi w|aw{ic{nif tiq{ jb ic~ j{mlq {i} gjfflg{lk nc Nckni& lql {j al |{nfnxlk bjq tqj`j{njc jq ìnc{lcicgl jbic~ tiq{ng|fiq qlfnonjc jq qlfnonj|w klcj`nci{njc# !Nc j{mlq jqkw& w|ttjwl 1< tlq glc{ jb {ml lc{nqlncgj`l {i} gjfflg{lk nc Nckni iw |{nfnxlk bjq tqj`j{nco jq ìnc{incnco ic~ tiq{ng|fiq qlfnonjc jq qlfnonj|wklcj`nci{njc& {mi{&nc j|q jtncnjc& j|fk al rnjfi{nrl jb Iq{ngfl 1? jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc&! {ml alcgm wink nc{ml q|fnco# [ml itl} gj|q{ ìkl {ml qlìqew mnfl knw`nwnco i tl{n{njc bnflk a~ bjq`lq AHT @T Tqib|ffOjqikni gmifflconco {ml gjcw{n{|{njcif rifnkn{~ jb {ml Mih Gj``n{{ll Ig{ 9><> jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ n{ iw

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qnom{ {j fnrl jb j{mlq gj``|cn{~# Tfliwl ìqe j|q jqkw# \cflww q|fl jb fi tqlrinfw& {mnw gj|q{ nff {ielkqiw{ng w{ltw {ml enck jb mngm iw cj{ wllc wj biq# @|wgfl tjlq giccj{ tqlrinf jrlq Gjcw{n{|{njciftqncgntflw# [mnw nw j|q gfliq `lwwiol {j ~j|q ojrlqc`lc{#‐ L}tqlwwnco mnw ico|nwm& H|w{ngl Wncomrn {jfk{ml IO& ‖_l ic{ {j ecj ml{mlq i tiq{ng|fiq gj``|cn{~ miw nc {ml fiw{ bl ki~w w{iq{lk |wnco w{qjcoiq` {ig{ngw {j aqjali{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{#‐ Nc ic ittiqlc{ qlblqlcgl {j {ml O|hhiq gj``|cn{~/w ion{i{njc ncQihiw{mic& H|w{ngl Wncomrn jawlqrlk {mi{ ‖nc {ml fiw{ bl ~liqw l mirl allc n{clwwnco nc Qihiw{mic bjq74 {j ;4 ki~w i{ i w{ql{gm {qincw lql afjgelk ick {mj|wickw jb tiwwlcolqw mirl allc tqlrlc{lk bqj`|wnco {ml Qinfi~# [ml ojr{w almirl iw nb {ml~ iql w|awlqrnlc{ {j {ml ion{i{jqw& iw nb {mlql nw cjojrlqc`lc{ i{ iff# Nb {mlwl qltjq{w iql gjqqlg{& ~j| -Miq~ici. mirl {j l}tfinc# Jcl oqj|t jb tljtfl mjiql mirnco `|wgfl tjlq giccj{ mjfk tiq{ jb {ml gj|c{q~ {j qicwj`# Tljtfl mirl i qnom{ {j {qirlf#‐ Wlcnjq



gj|cwlf Gjfnc Ojcwifrlw w|a`n{{lk {mi{ {ml rnffiolqw lql iwelk {j gj`l {j {ml rnffiol {j gjfflg{ {mlnqtmj{j nklc{n{~ giqkw ick {ml ojr{# ic{lk {j `nwflik {ml gj|q{ {mi{ {mlwl tljtfl lql w{i~nco nc {mlrnffiol# [ml Alcgm nc i aqnlb jqklq knqlg{lk {ml Cjq{mlqc Qinfi~ Olclqif @iciolq {j ncw{q|g{ i wlcnjqjbbngnif {j bnfl ic ibbnkirn{ y|ic{nb~nco {ml fjww w|bblqlk a~ {ml Qinfi~w jc iggj|c{ jb {ml afjgeikl bjq 99ki~w# N{ ifwj iwelk {ml Miq~ici Gmnlb Wlgql{iq~ {j bnfl ic ibbnkirn{ onrnco kl{infw jb {ml fjww w|bblqlk#-Mnck|& 49*41*1499.

Cj{ tlqbjq`nco qn{|ifw cj oqj|ck bjq knrjqgl8 Gj|q{CL_ KLFMN8 I onqfw qlb|wif {j tlqbjq` tjw{ìqn{if glql`jcnlw giccj{ al i qliwjc {j wlle knrjqgl&i {qnifgj|q{ miw mlfk# Cjcjawlqrnco jb w|gm jkk g|w{j`w jb oqjj`w bi`nf~ giccj{ al {lq`lk gq|lf{~ |tjc {mlm|waick# [ml gj|q{w qlìqew gi`l mnfl {qiwmnco {ml tfli jb i ìc wllenco knrjqgl jc {ml oqj|ckw {mi{ml iw w|ahlg{lk {j `lc{if gq|lf{~ ib{lq mnw nbl qlb|wlk {j wn{ bjq {ml ioljfk g|w{j` jb @|m knemin-glql`jc~ jb bnqw{ `ll{nco jb {ml onqf n{m {ml bi`nf~ . giffnco n{ i kqiì#Bnfnco bjq knrjqgl&{ml ìc ifflolk{mi{ i ki~ ib{lq mnw lkknco&mnw nbl `nwalmirlk i{ {ml {n`l jb `|m knemin wi~nco {mi{ w|gm glql`jc~iw i kqiì ick wml iw cj{ nc{lqlw{lk i{ iff nc tlqbjq`nco {ml wi`l#Icj{mlq oqj|ck qinwlk a~ {ml ìciw {mi{ {ml onqfw bi`nf~ knk cj{ iggjqk wtlgnif {qli{`lc{ {j mn` iw nw onrlc {j i wjcncfi iggjqknco {j{ml g|w{j`w#[ml onqfw tiqlc{w qlb|wlk {j lc{lq{inc {ml lc{nql anqikiqn -gj``|cn{~. mngm iw gj`nco bjq{ml tmlqi glql`jc~ {j {mlnq mj|wl& ml wink# Bncknco cj `lqn{ nc {ml ìcw tl{n{njc&ikkn{njcif knw{qng{ h|kolQihlcklq E|ìq Wmiw{qn wink i jìc giccj{ al gj`tlfflk {j tiq{ngnti{l nc w|gm glql`jcnlw#N{ ittliqw{j al ic nc{q|wnjc nc {ml tlqwjcif fnalq{~ jb aqnkl&nb wml nw bjqglk {j wn{ aiql bigl ick ligm ick w|ckq~ iql

iffjlk {j w{iql i{ mlq nc {ml ci`l jb g|w{j`& ml wink#Wfi``nco w|gm g|w{j`w&{ml gj|q{ ifwj gifflk n{|cqliwjciafl {j gj`tlf {ml tiqlc{w jb {ml aqnkl {j mjw{ o|lw{w bqj` {ml gj``|cn{~ jb {ml oqjj`w bi`nf~bjq i glql`jc~#W|gm rjf|t{|j|w tqig{nglw mirl cj aiwnw l}glt{ {j l}{qig{ `jcl~ bqj` tiqlc{w jb {mlaqnkl#W|gm tiqlc{w iql {m|w tqlwwlk {j bjffj {mlwl iaw|qk tqig{nglw nc {ml ci`l jb g|w{j`w& IKHWmiw{qn wink# Lrlc iw {ml ìc wj|om{ i knrjqgl jc {ml oqj|ck jb gq|lf{~&mnw nbl `jrlk {ml gj|q{ wllencoi knqlg{njc bjq mlq m|waick {j {iel mlq aige nc {mlnq ì{qn`jcnif mj`l#Gmifflconco mlq m|waickwiffloi{njcw jb gq|lf{~&{ml jìc wink {mi{ mlq ncfiw gjcw{ic{f~ g|qwlk mlq bjq alnco i aik j`lc -[JN&41*41*1499.

Anff {mi{ wllew {j tqlrlc{ bqi|k a~ lk|gi{njcif ncw{n{|{njcw tlckncoLrlc iw Nckni gqnlw bj|f jrlq {ml {qli{`lc{ `l{lk j|{ {j n{w w{|klc{w lcqjfflk i{ {ml cj klqlgjocnwlk [qnRiffl~ \cnrlqwn{~ nc Gifnbjqcni& ic n`tjq{ic{ Anff {mi{ wllew {j tqlrlc{ wn`nfiq bqi|kw n{mnc {ml gj|c{q~ miw

allc iin{nco Tiqfni`lc{iq~ ittqjrif wncgl fiw{ @i~# [ml Tqjmnan{njc jb \cbinq Tqig{nglw nc [lgmcngifLk|gi{njcif Ncw{n{|{njcw& @lkngif Lk|gi{njcif Ncw{n{|{njcw ick \cnrlqwn{nlw Anff& 1494 tqjrnklw bjq {mltqjmnan{njc jb glq{inc |cbinq tqig{nglw nc {lgmcngif lk|gi{njcif ncw{n{|{njcw ick |cnrlqwn{nlw ick tqj{lg{w {mlnc{lqlw{w jb w{|klc{w ik`n{{lk jq wllenco ik`nwwnjc# N{ wllew {j tqjmnan{ {ml igglt{icgl jb ik`nwwnjc bllick j{mlq gmiqolw n{mj|{ qlglnt{& ncgf|knco {ml gmiqonco jb gitn{i{njc bll5 aic {ml oqic{nco jb ik`nwwnjcn{mj|{ gjck|g{nco wtlgnbnlk {lw{w5 ick ìel n{ ìcki{jq~ bjq ncw{n{|{njcw {j tqjrnkl gj`tfl{l ncbjqì{njcnc n{w tqjwtlg{|w# [ml Anff tqjmnan{w {ml qlb|wif {j ql{|qc jq n{mmjfk& kloqllw& kntfjìw jq qlb|ck bllw& ickgmiqolw i mlb{~ tlcif{~ bjq `nwfliknco ick bifwl ikrlq{nwl`lc{w& mnfl ìenco {ml klìcknco jbgitn{i{njc bll i gjocnxiafl jbblcgl# [ml Anff klwgqnalw ‖ikrlq{nwl`lc{‐ iw ic~ kjg|`lc{ klwgqnalk jqnww|lk iw ikrlq{nwl`lc{ {mqj|om ic~ bjq` jb {ml `lkni# N{ ncgf|klw ic~ cj{ngl& gnqg|fiq jq j{mlqkjg|`lc{w ncrn{nco tlqwjcw kj`ngnflk nc Nckni bjq ik`nwwnjc {j {lgmcngif lk|gi{njcif ncw{n{|{njcw& `lkngiflk|gi{njcif ncw{n{|{njcw ick lk|gi{njc nc |cnrlqwn{nlw# Wlg{njc = jb {ml Anff wi~w {mi{ cj ncw{n{|{njc wmiffnww|l jq t|afnwm ic~ ikrlq{nwl`lc{ mngm nck|glw w{|klc{w {j {iel ik`nwwnjc nc {ml ncw{n{|{njc& bifwlf~

gfin`nco {j al qlgjocnwlk a~ {ml ittqjtqni{l w{i{|{jq~ i|{mjqn{~& jq ic~ ncbjqì{njc& {mqj|omikrlq{nwl`lc{ jq j{mlqnwl& nc qlwtlg{ jb n{w ncbqiw{q|g{|ql jq igikl`ng bignfn{nlw jq big|f{~ jq w{ickiqk jbncw{q|g{njc jq igikl`ng*qlwliqgm tlqbjqìcgl& mngm {ml ncw{n{|{njc ‛ jq tlqwjc i|{mjqnwlk {j nww|l w|gmikrlq{nwl`lc{ jc almifb jb {ml ncw{n{|{njc ‛ ecjw {j al bifwl& jq cj{ aiwlk jc big{w& jq `nwfliknco# @jw{jb {ml w{|klc{w iql f|qlk nc{j {ienco ik`nwwnjc nc{j {mlwl wmi` jq ”bf~a~cnom{/ lk|gi{njcif ncw{n{|{njcw{mqj|om ofjww~ ikrlq{nwl`lc{w t|afnwmlk nc clwtitlqw ick tjw{lk jcfncl# Wlrlqif ncw{n{|{njcw nc Ncknigfin` {j mirl {nl|tw n{m ncw{n{|{njcw iaqjik# _mlc {ml fi gj`lw nc{j lbblg{& cj{ h|w{ {ml Ncknic tiq{clqw&a|{ ic~ tlqwjc qlwtjcwnafl bjq {ml ikrlq{nwl`lc{w j|fk al tqjgllklk ioincw{# Iggjqknco {j Gfi|wl 91jb {ml Anff& ic~ ncw{n{|{njc {mi{ t|afnwmlw ic ikrlq{nwl`lc{ mngm nw bifwl jq `nwfliknco& j|fk al fniafl {j itlcif{~ mngm ì~ l}{lck |t {j Qw#<4 fiem ick floif ig{njc iw tlq {ml fi jb {ml fick# _mlql ic



ikrlq{nwl`lc{ mngm tqjrnklw |c{q|l w{i{l`lc{w& jq bifwlf~ klwgqnalw big{w& jq nw `nwfliknco& nw nww|lk&lrlq~ tlqwjc mj i|{mjqnwlk {ml nww|l jb w|gm ikrlq{nwl`lc{ wmiff al fniafl bjq tqjwlg|{njc# [ml M|ìcQlwj|qgl Klrlfjt`lc{ @ncnw{q~ miw iwelk {ml t|afng wlg{jq lc{lqtqnwl& {ml Lk|gi{njcif Gjcw|f{ic{w NckniF{k& {j onrl i tqjhlg{ qltjq{ jc {ml ìnc{lcicgl ick |tki{nco jb i la tiol {mi{ gj|fk al klkngi{lk {jw{|klc{w iaqjik# LkGNF jbblqw gjcw|f{icg~ ick {lgmcngif wlqrnglw nc knbblqlc{ iqliw jb lk|gi{njc cj{ jcf~n{mnc {ml gj|c{q~ a|{ ifwj jc i ofjaif aiwnw# -Mnck|& 47*41*1499.

Jcf~ NJw {j ittliq n{m giwl kniqnlw nc ainf ì{{lqw8 MGGMICKNOIQM8 Ittiqlc{f~ cj{ mitt~ n{m {ml oqjnco {qlck jb ncrlw{noi{nco jbbnglqw -NJW. cj{ ittliqncoalbjql {ml mnom gj|q{ n{m giwl kniqnlw& T|chia ick Miq~ici Mnom Gj|q{ jc _lkclwki~ knqlg{lk {ml el~b|cg{njciqnlw jb T|chia& Miq~ici ick \[ Gmicknoiqm {j lcw|ql {mi{ nc b|{|ql iff NJW wmj|fk ittliqalbjql {ml gj|q{ ifjco n{m {mlnq giwl kniqnlw nc ainf ì{{lqw# [ml knqlg{njcw lql onrlc a~ i wncofl alcgmjb {ml MG mliklk a~ h|w{ngl Ifje Wncom jb {ml MG mnfl {ienco cj{ngl jb {ml nww|l nc i @icwi ainf giwl#H|w{ngl Ifje Wncom jawlqrlk& /[ml gj|q{ nw gjcw{qinclk {j jawlqrl {mi{ ncw{lik jb {ml NJW& nc `jw{ jb {mlgiwlw& mlik gjcw{iaflw jq i gjcw{iafl jq ic IWN& mj nw cj mlql gjcclg{lk n{m {ml ncrlw{noi{njc& nwittliqnco n{m {ml giwl kniq~& mngm nw cj{ w|ttjwlk {j l}gmicol mickw albjql {ml bnfnco jb {ml gmiffic#/Jcf~ {ml NJ gic iwwnw{ {ml gj|q{ a~ {lffnco {ml w{iol jb ncrlw{noi{njc& ì{lqnif gjfflg{lk ioincw{ igg|wlkick ml{mlq g|w{jknif nc{lqqjoi{njc nw qly|nqlk& l{g# Mlik gjcw{iafl jq ic~ j{mlq tjfngl jbbngnif cj{gjcclg{lk n{m {ml ncrlw{noi{njc wmiff cj{ al iafl {j tfigl ì{lqnif albjql {mnw gj|q{#/ [mlqlib{lq& h|w{nglWncom knqlg{lk {mi{ i gjt~ jb {mnw jqklq al gnqg|fi{lk {j {ml Gmicknoiqm WWT ick {ml KOTw jb T|chia ick

Miq~ici& ifjco n{m {ml mj`l wlgql{iqnlw jb Gmicknoiqm& T|chia ick Miq~ici& {j nww|l clglwwiq~knqlg{njcw {j {ml tjfngl kltiq{`lc{w# -[JN& 47*41*1499.

Wlg{njc 7??8 bncif mliqnco jc Itqnf 9>[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc @jcki~ tjw{lk bjq bncif mliqnco jc Itqnf 9> i ai{gm jb tl{n{njcw gmifflconco iKlfmn Mnom Gj|q{ h|ko`lc{ klgfiqnco Wlg{njc 7?? jb {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl |cgjcw{n{|{njcif ickklgqn`ncifnwnco |cci{|qif wl} i`jco gjcwlc{nco ik|f{w# I Alcgm jb H|w{nglw O#W# Wncomrn ick I#E#Oico|f~ oqic{lk lnom{ llew/ {n`l {j {ml Glc{ql -mngm miw cj{ wtlf{ j|{ n{w w{ick jc {ml nww|l wj biq.ick j{mlq tiq{nlw& ncgf|knco nc{lqrlclqw& {j gj`tfl{l {ml tflikncow ick bnfl qn{{lc w|a`nwwnjcw icktjw{lk {ml ì{{lq bjq mliqnco jc Itqnf 9># [ml tl{n{njclqw& W|qlwm E|ìq Ejwmif& ic iw{qjfjolq& ick Kq#@|elwm E|ìq Ejwmif& w|a`n{{lk nc {mlnq Wtlgnif Flirl Tl{n{njcw {mi{ {ml~ lql klltf~ m|q{ a~ {ml h|ko`lc{ ‖nciw`|gm iw n{ wlqnj|wf~ ibblg{w {ml` ick blffj gj|c{q~`lc nc iff wtmlqlw jb {mlnq fnrlw&tlqwjcif iw lff iw wjgnif#‐ I qi`tic{ ncgqliwl nc mj`jwl}|if `jrl`lc{ ib{lq {ml n`t|oclk jqklq gj|fk

cj{ al q|flk j|{# [ml h|ko`lc{w nc riqnj|w gj|c{qnlw {mi{ tlq`n{{lk mj`jwl}|ifn{~& mngm iw qlfnlk |tjca~ {ml Mnom Gj|q{& lql qlcklqlk nc i knbblqlc{ wl{ jb wjgnif& lgjcj`ng& gjcw{n{|{njcif ick g|f{|qifaigeoqj|ck# ‖Ittfngi{njc jb {mjwl tqncgntflw ntwj big{j& n{mj|{ ic~ qlblqlcgl {j {ml aigeoqj|ck ickgnqg|`w{icglw fliknco {mlql{j& nw n{wlfb i w|bbngnlc{ oqj|ck bjq w{qnenco kjc {ml n`t|oclk h|ko`lc{#‐ [ml~wink {ml h|ko`lc{ j|fk qlw|f{ nc wtqlik jb MNR rnq|w ‖iw n{ miw allc i`tf~ tqjrlc {mi{ {ml ncblg{njc iwgjc{qig{lk {mqj|om w|gm wl}|if ig{w# _l mirl {j fjje i{ j|q jc wgqnt{|qlw {j wlle o|nkicgl ick {ml~iql ioincw{ w|gm almirnj|q nc j|q wjgnl{~# Nb w|gm iacjqìfn{~ nw tlq`n{{lk& {mlc {j`jqqj tljtfl `nom{wlle tlq`nwwnjc bjq mirnco wl} n{m icnìfw#‐ [ml tl{n{njclqw wink8 ‖[ml Mnom Gj|q{ gj`tfl{lf~ fjw{ wnom{jb {ml big{ {mi{ {ml Ncknic wjgnl{~ w{nff qlìncw& a~ ick fiqol& i gjcwlqri{nrl ick tqn`n{nrl wjgnl{~ ickwmncnco ci{|ql jb Ncknic wjgnl{nlw bj|ck nc @l{qjw Umngm nw flww {mic 2 {j ? tlq glc{P giccj{ qltqlwlc{ {mlmjfl jb Nckni#‐ [ml Alcgm klgfnclk {ml qly|lw{ {j n`tflik {ml Klblcgl @ncnw{q~ iw i clglwwiq~ tiq{~#-Mnck|& 4=*41*1499.

”Qiqlw{ jb qiql„ gqn{lqnjc y|lw{njclk[ml gqn{lqnjc bjffjlk a~ gj|q{w nc iiqknco kli{m wlc{lcgl {j o|nf{~ jc {ml aiwnw jb {ml ”qiqlw{ jb qiql/ci{|ql jb {ml enffnco iw y|lw{njclk a~ wlcnjq ikrjgi{lw jb Nckni i{ {ml Gj``jclif{m Fi Gjcblqlcglmlql jc @jcki~# [ml~ iqo|lk {mi{ {ml cjq` iw w|ahlg{nrl ick knbblqlk nc tlqglt{njc bqj` h|kol {j h|kol# [ml tlcif{~ wmj|fk al iajfnwmlk algi|wl {ml biffnanfn{~ jb h|ko`lc{ ib{lq {ml tlqwjc iw l}lg|{lkiw nqqlrlqwnafl& wink {ml bjq`lq I{{jqcl~ Olclqif& Wjfn H# Wjqiahll& nc{lqrlcnco nc {ml klai{l# Wj`lj{mlq ikrjgi{lw ifwj rjnglk {ml klìck {j iajfnwm kli{m tlcif{~& wgqittlk nc 977 j{mlq gj|c{qnlw& wncgl{mlql iw cj lrnklcgl {mi{ {ml t|cnwm`lc{ iw i kl{lqqlc{ {j gqn`l# Wlcnjq ikrjgi{l [#Q# Ickm~iq|hnciklwgqnalk {ml |wiol jb {ml tmqiwl iw ”`jw{ mn`wngif ick bqlienwm/ {j wncofl j|{ {ml tjjq ick m|àfl bjq{ml wlc{lcgl& mnfl {ml qngm ick ibbf|lc{ lwgitlk bqj` n{w gf|{gmlw# Ncw{lik& mnw gjfflio|l nc {ml W|tql`l



Gj|q{& I# W|ckiqi`& ic{lk gj|q{w {j wtlgnb~ i `j{nrl bjq ”kli{m/ jq ”cj kli{m/ wlc{lcglw# [mlql wmj|fkal cj wmiklw jb oql~ nc h|ko`lc{w# [ml RnglGminqìc jb Fi Gj``nwwnjc& E#[#W# [|fwn& wink {mlql iwcllk {j bjq`|fi{l o|nklfnclw {j lw{iafnwm {ml ci{|ql jb ”qiqlw{ jb qiql/ ick ql`jrl {ml ncmlqlc{iqan{qiqnclww# Nckni/w tjwn{njc qloiqknco {ml kli{m tlcif{~ gq~w{iffnwlk nc {ml Aigmic Wncom rw W{i{l jbT|chia giwl mngm gifflk bjq n`tjwnco {ml wlc{lcgl nc ”qiqlw{ jb qiql/ giwlw kqinco |t i aificgl wmll{jb iooqiri{nco ick `n{noi{nco big{jqw# I aificgl `|w{ al w{q|ge al{llc {ml {j# Mjlrlq& {ml tqjafl`n{m {ml kng{|` iw {mi{ {mlql iw cj qlfniafl ti{{lqc |cklq mngm h|kolw gj|fk l}lqgnwl {mnw knwgql{njc&@q# [|fwn ikklk# [ml bjq`lq Ikkn{njcif Wjfngn{jqOlclqif& Q#C# [qnrlkn& qloql{{lk {mi{ {mqll klgiklw mirltiwwlk wncgl {ml `ncjqn{~ h|ko`lc{ jb H|w{ngl T#C# Amioi{n& mj fi{lq algi`l Gmnlb H|w{ngl jb W|tql`lGj|q{& nc {ml Aigmic Wncom giwl wi~nco |c{qi``lfflk& |cbl{{lqlk& w{ickiqkflww ick |co|nklk knwgql{njciw gjcblqqlk jc gj|q{w {j gmjjwl al{llc fnbl ick kli{m# -Mnck|& 4=*41*1499.

‖[qli{ iff ìqqniolw nc iol oqj|t jb 92 {j 9= iw rjnkiafl‐[ml Glc{ql jc [|lwki~ ncbjq`lk {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ {mi{ iff ìqqniolw nc {ml iol oqj|t jb 92 {j 9=wmj|fk al {qli{lk iw rjnkiafl i{ {ml ncw{icgl jb ln{mlq tiq{~ {j irjnk {ml tqjafl` jb onqfw alfj {ml iol jb92 onrnco gjcwlc{ bjq ìqqniol ick ìenco n{ rifnk# Ikkn{njcif Wjfngn{jqOlclqif Ncknqi Hinwnco& l}tfincnco{ml ojrlqc`lc{/w w{ick albjql i Alcgm jb H|w{nglw Kifrllq Amickiqn ick I#E# Oico|f~& ic{lk {ml gj|q{{j nc{lqrlcl nc {mnw qloiqk# G|qqlc{f~& giwlw jb enkcittnco ick qitl iql qj|{nclf~ wfittlk ioincw{ `lc a~{ml bi`nfnlw jb onqfw jb {mnw iol oqj|t& mj lfjtl ioincw{ {ml nwmlw jb {mlnq bi`nfnlw# [mj|om {ml floif iol

jb gjcwlc{ bjq i jìc {j wl}|if qlfi{njcw nw 92 ~liqw& wml gic ìqq~ jcf~ i{ {ml iol jb 9=# Iw i qlw|f{& iìc& mj ìqqnlw i jìc al{llc {ml iol jb 92 ick 9=& q|cw {ml qnwe jb ncrn{nco {ml tlcif tqjrnwnjcw jbenkcittnco ick qitl# [ml Alcgm iw mliqnco i tl{n{njcw bnflk a~ Ci{njcif Gj``nwwnjc bjq _j`lcy|lw{njcnco i Klfmn Mnom Gj|q{ jqklq |tmjfknco {ml ìqqniol jb i onqf mj mik cj{ qligmlk {ml iol jb 9=#Wn`nfiqf~& i h|ko`lc{ jb {ml Ickmqi Tqiklwm Mnom Gj|q{ mik mlfk {mi{ {ml ìqqniol jb i 97~liqjfk onqfiw rifnk# [ml CG_ mik tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ {mlql lql ìc~ knwtiqn{nlw al{llc {ml Gmnfk @iqqniol-Qlw{qinc{. Ig{& {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{& l}tfici{njc {j Wlg{njc 7?< jb {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl& {ml Wmiqni{&{ml Ncknic Knrjqgl Ig{& Gmnfk Fiaj|q -Qlo|fi{njc. Ig{ ick {ml H|rlcnfl H|w{ngl -Giql ick Tqj{lg{njc jbGmnfkqlc. Ig{& 1444 n{m qlwtlg{ {j {ml `ncn`|` iol bjq ìqqniol jb onqfw# [ml Gj``nwwnjc iqo|lk {mi{{ml knbblqlc{ klbncn{njcw jb `ncjq nc knbblqlc{ fiw mirl flk {j i wn{|i{njc mlql {ml gj|q{w mirl {j floifnwl`ncjq ìqqniolw# N{ |qolk {ml gj|q{ {j bqi`l i |cnbjq` klbncn{njc jb {ml {lq` `ncjq {j lfn`nci{l w|gmtqig{ngif tqjafl`w# A|{ {ml IWO wink {mnw klìck iw n`tqig{ngiafl# Wml {jfk {ml gj|q{8 ‖Knbblqlc{ fiwmirl knbblqlc{ wjgnif ojifw# N{ nw cj{ tjwwnafl {j mirl i |cnbjq` klbncn{njc jb `ncjq nc knbblqlc{ fiw#‐ [ml

`ncn`|` iol jb ìqqniol bjq aj{m aj~w ick onqfw wmj|fk al 9=& iw {mlql iw cj wgnlc{nbng aiwnw m~ {mliolw bjq {ml {j olcklqw wmj|fk al knbblqlc{& wml wink& gn{nco i Fi Gj``nwwnjc qltjq{# -Mnck|&94*41*1499.

Ojr{ {j klgnkl jc tqlww fi gmicolwCL_ KLFMN8 [ml Giancl{ nff gjcwnklq i anff {mi{ wllew {j tqlrlc{ wy|i{{nco jc t|afngi{njc {n{flw&tlcif{nlw bjq ncgjqqlg{ klgfiqi{njcw ick gjckn{njcw aiqqnco gjcrng{lk tljtfl bqj` q|ccnco clwtitlqw#[ml i`lck`lc{w {j i tqlww fi bnqw{ tqj`|foi{lk nc 9=2? iql nc{lcklk {j onrl `jql tjlqw {j {mlqlonw{qiq jb clwtitlqw {j ig{ ioincw{ t|afngi{njcw {mi{ klbi|f{ jc {mlnq {lq`w mnfl ifwj wl{{nco ign{nxlcwmnt gfi|wl bjq jclqw ick lkn{jqw# [ml anff klbnclw i clwtitlq {j al i wl{ jb fjjwl wmll{w {mi{tqjrnklw clw ick nw t|afnwmlk i{ fliw{ jcgl i lle# N{ ikkw i wlg|qn{~ kn`lcwnjc {j tlq`nwwnjc alncooqic{lk {j q|c i t|afngi{njc iw n{ aiqw i gjcrng{lk tlqwjc jq wj`ljcl ncrjfrlk nc {lqqjqnw{ jq |cfib|fig{nrn{~# [ml gmicolw {j {ml Tqlww ick Qlonw{qi{njc jb Ajjew ick T|afngi{njcw Ig{ nw jc {ml iolcki bjq

[m|qwki~/w Giancl{ `ll{nco# [ml tqjtjwlk flonwfi{njc miw allc |tki{lk {j ncgf|kl ajjew ickclwtitlqw nc knon{if bjqì{& bigwn`nfl lkn{njcw jb bjqlnoc t|afngi{njcw ick miw gmlgew fnel i jcl~liqklikfncl {j aqnco j|{ i t|afngi{njc ib{lq tlq`nwwnjc nw oqic{lk# [ml i`lck`lc{w mirl allc tlcknco bjqwlrlqif ~liqw# [ml N"A `ncnw{q~ miw tqjtjwlk {mi{ {ml ci`l jb i ecjc bjqlnoc t|afngi{njc nff cj{ alqlonw{lqlk ick i klikfncl {j gj``lcgl t|afngi{njc nff tqlrlc{ wy|i{{nco jc {n{flw# Gj`ticnlw nff mirl{j w|a`n{ icc|if qltjq{w ick tlcif{~ tqjrnwnjcw mirl allc mnelk# [ml {n{fl ick qlonw{qi{njc jb {mlgj`tic~ gic al qlrjelk alwnklw bncicgnif n`tfngi{njcw ick i hinf {lq`# I ojrlqc`lc{ wj|qgl wink& ![mlflonwfi{njc nff al aqj|om{ nc w~cg n{m tmlcj`lcif oqj{m nc t|afngi{njcw ick fnalqifnwi{njc jb ojrlqc`lc{tjfngnlw fnel bjqlnoc knqlg{ ncrlw{`lc{#! [ml TQA Ig{ lciaflw {ml ojrlqc`lc{ {j qlo|fi{l tqnc{nco tqlwwlwick clwtitlqw {mqj|om qlonw{qi{njc ick {j tqlwlqrl gjtnlw jb ajjew ick j{mlq ì{{lq tqnc{lk nc Nckni#



[ml liqfnlw{ w|qrnrnco lcig{`lc{ wtlgnbngiff~ knqlg{lk {jiqkw {ml tqlww iw tiwwlk nc 9=2?# @ihjqi`lck`lc{w lql lcig{lk nc 9><< bjffjnco qlgj``lcki{njcw jb {ml Bnqw{ Tqlww Gj``nwwnjc nc 9><7&ib{lq mngm {ml Jbbngl jb {ml Qlonw{qiq jb Clwtitlqw jb Nckni -QCN. iw gqli{lk ick aloic b|cg{njcnco nc9><2# N{ iw fiw{ i`lcklk nc 9>=7# -[JN& 94*41*1499.

Gj|q{8 cj w{i{|{l gic rnjfi{l Gjcw{n{|{njc[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ qln{lqi{lk n{w q|fnco {mi{ `lql `làlqwmnt jb i aicclk j|{bn{ gj|fk cj{al {qli{lk iw i oqj|ck bjq gqn`ncifn{~& |cflww i `làlq qlwjq{lk {j& jq ncgn{lk tljtfl {j& rnjflcgl jqt|afng knwjqklq# I Alcgm jb H|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqi w{jjk a~ {ml q|fnco lrlc iw{ml Glc{ql& w|ttjq{lk a~ {ml Amiqi{n~i Hici{i Tiq{~& ic{lk i qlrnl jb {ml Blaq|iq~ ; h|ko`lc{jqklqnco {ml qlfliwl jb ittlffic{ Iq|t Am|~ic jb {ml \cn{lk Fnalqi{njc Bqjc{ jb Iwj`& mj mik allcgjcrng{lk |cklq {ml [lqqjqnw` ick Knwq|t{nrl Ig{nrn{nlw -Tqlrlc{njc. Ig{# Nc {ml tqlwlc{ giwl jb Wqn NckqiKiw& mj iw iiqklk i bnrl~liq {lq` a~ i [IKI gj|q{& {ml Alcgm qlblqqlk {j {ml ojrlqc`lc{/wgjc{lc{njc albjql {mi{ gj|q{ {mi{ |cklq ìc~ fiw& ncgf|knco {ml \cfib|f Ig{nrn{nlw -Tqlrlc{njc. Ig{& `lql`làlqwmnt jb ic jqoicnwi{njc iw nffloif# A|{& ‖nc j|q jtncnjc& {mlwl w{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjcw giccj{ al qliknc nwjfi{njc& a|{ mirl {j al qlik nc gjcwjcicgl n{m {ml b|cki`lc{if qnom{w o|iqic{llk a~ j|qGjcw{n{|{njc# [ml Gjcw{n{|{njc nw {ml mnomlw{ fi jb {ml fick& ick cj w{i{|{l gic rnjfi{l n{# Nb {mlql nw iw{i{|{l mngm ittliqw {j rnjfi{l n{& l gic ln{mlq klgfiql n{ |cgjcw{n{|{njcif jq l gic qlik n{ kjc {jìel n{ gjcw{n{|{njcif&‐ wink H|w{ngl Ei{h|& qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{# [ml Alcgm wink8 ‖Wn`nfiqf~& {ml tqjrnwnjcwnc riqnj|w w{i{|{lw& n#l#& Wlg{njc 7 -<. jb {ml [IKI Ig{ jq Wlg{njc 94 jb {ml \cfib|f Ig{nrn{nlw -Tqlrlc{njc.

Ig{& mngm& nc {mlnq tfinc fico|iol& ìel `lql `làlqwmnt jb i aicclk jqoicnwi{njc gqn`ncif mirl {j alqlik kjc& ick l mirl {j kltiq{ bqj` {ml fn{lqif q|fl jb nc{lqtql{i{njc nc w|gm giwlw5 j{mlqnwl {mlwltqjrnwnjcw nff algj`l |cgjcw{n{|{njcif iw alnco rnjfi{nrl jb Iq{ngflw 9> ick 19#‐ Qlblqqnco {j {ml fiioincw{ wlkn{njc |cklq Wlg{njc 91;I jb {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl& {ml Alcgm wink8 ‖Iff w{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjcw&ncgf|knco Wlg{njc 91;I jb {ml NTG& mik {j al qlik nc i ìcclq wj iw {j ìel {ml` gjcbjq` {j {mlb|cki`lc{if qnom{w#‐ [ml Alcgm ìkl i qlblqlcgl {j {ml gjcrng{njc jb Aifoicoikmiq [nfie ick IccnlAlwic{ bjq ”wlkn{njc/ a~ {ml Tqnr~ Gj|cgnf jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ n{ iw cj{ lwwlc{nif bjq ic ig{nrn{~ {j ncrjfrlknwjqklq jq ncgn{l`lc{ {j rnjflcgl# A|{& {ml Alcgm tjnc{lk j|{& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ knbblqlk bqj` {ml Tqnr~Gj|cgnf/w rnlw ick ikjt{lk {ml gjcw{q|g{njc tfiglk a~ {ml Blklqif Gj|q{ nc 9>;1 ick mlfk {mi{ {mltqjrnwnjcw qlfi{nco {j wlkn{njc ‖iql fn`n{lk nc {mlnq ittfngi{njc {j ig{w ncrjfrnco nc{lc{njc jq {lcklcg~ {jgqli{l knwjqklq jq knw{|qaicgl jq fi ick jqklq jq ncgn{l`lc{ {j rnjflcgl& ick jcl jb {ml qliwjcw bjqikjt{nco {mnw gjcw{q|g{njc iw {j irjnk {ml qlw|f{ jb |cgjcw{n{|{njcifn{~ nc rnl jb Iq{ngflw 9> -9. -i.-bqllkj` jb wtllgm ick l}tqlwwnjc. ick 9> -1. -qliwjciafl qlw{qng{njcw.#‐ [ml Alcgm wl{ iwnkl {ml [IKI

gj|q{ jqklq# -Mnck|& 99*41*1499.

Gjcrng{lk jb |cfib|f ig{nrn{nlw: Gic„{ aqnco j|{ i t|afngi{njc[ml Glc{ql miw jei~lk i`lcknco {ml 9;7~liqjfk Tqlww ick Qlonw{qi{njc jb Ajjew Ig{& 9=2?& mngm w{nffo|nklw t|afngi{njc jb clwtitlqw ick ìoixnclw ick qlonw{qi{njc jb {mlnq {n{flw# I \cnjc giancl{ `ll{ncoittqjrlk jc [m|qwki~ {ml gj`tqlmlcwnrl Tqlww ick Qlonw{qi{njc jb Ajjew ick T|afngi{njcw Anff& 1494&mngm qlfi{lw `jw{f~ {j {ml tqnc{ `lkni ick nff gjrlq nc{lqcl{ lkn{njcw jb clwtitlqw ick mirl tqjrnwnjcw{j ojrlqc bjqlnoc clw gjc{lc{ ick ncrlw{`lc{& ncbjqì{njc ick aqjikgiw{nco -N"A. `ncnw{lq Iànei Wjcnwink# [ml anff nff mirl i tqjrnwnjc {j tqlrlc{ tlqwjcw gjcrng{lk jb {lqqjqnw{ ick |cfib|f ig{nrn{nlw bqj`qlonw{lqnco i {n{fl jq aqnconco j|{ i t|afngi{njc# ‖[mlql iw cj w|gm tqjrnwnjc nc {ml liqfnlq fi&‐ Wjcn wink#Iff {mjwl qlonw{lqnco {n{flw bjq cl t|afngi{njcw nff cj mirl {j t|afnwm clwtitlqw jq ìoixnclw n{mnc iw{nt|fi{lk {n`l ick bnfl icc|if w{i{l`lc{w& binfnco mngm {ml~ nff bigl t|cn{nrl ig{njcw qiconco bqj` bncl {jn`tqnwjc`lc{# [mlql nff al w{qng{ `jcn{jqnco {j lcw|ql t|afngi{njcw iql aqj|om{ j|{ qlo|fiqf~ iw tlq {ml

qlonw{lqlk tlqnjkngn{~# [mnw itiq{& {ml anff nff klif w{lqcf~ n{m {mjwl mj afjge {n{flw n{mj|{ ig{|iff~aqnconcoj|{ i t|afngi{njc& ick fn`n{ bjqlnoc clw gjc{lc{ ick bjqlnoc ncrlw{`lc{# N"A wlgql{iq~ Qiom|@lcjc wink {ml anff iw clglwwn{i{lk a~ {ml tmlcj`lcif oqj{m nc {ml t|afnwmnco nck|w{q~# [mlql iql jrlq?4&444 t|afngi{njcw tqlwlc{f~ {mi{ cllk {j al qlo|fi{lk& ml wink# ‖[ml anff nff w{qli`fncl {ml tqjglww jb{n{fl rlqnbngi{njc ick tqlrlc{ wy|i{{lqw jc {n{flw mngm mirl allc afjgelk bjq ~liqw&‐ @lcjc wink# Jc BKNfn`n{& ml wink wj`l o|nklfnclw ick l}lg|{nrl jqklqw ifqlik~ l}nw{lk ick {ml anff j|fk jcf~ tqjrnkl‖w{i{|{jq~ aigenco {j {ml o|nklfnclw‐# -KCI& 99*41*1499.

WG ncwnw{w `làlqwmnt jb aicclk jqo cj gqn`lCL_ KLFMN8 [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ qln{lqi{lk {mi{ `lql `làlqwmnt jb i aicclk j|{bn{



n{mj|{ nck|fonco nc jq ncgn{nco rnjflcgl j|fk cj{ al i gqn`l ick qlik kjc i wlg{njc jb {ml ic{n{lqqjqfi tqjrnknco t|cnwm`lc{ bjq `lql `làlqw# Igy|n{{nco i w|wtlg{lk /`lql `làlq/ jb {ml aicclk \cn{lkFnalqi{njc Bqjc{ jb Iwwi` -\FBI.& i Alcgm gj`tqnwnco H|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqicj{nglk wlg{njc 94 jb \cfib|f Ig{nrn{nlw -Tqlrlc{njc. Ig{& mngm tqjrnklw t|cnwm`lc{ jb |t{j 1 ~liqw hinf{lq` {j `làlqw jb aicclk j|{bn{w ick wink i w{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjc gj|fk cj{ jrlqqnkl i gn{nxlc/wb|cki`lc{if qnom{w# Qlf~nco jc i fiqol c|àlq jb \W W|tql`l Gj|q{ h|ko`lc{w nc w|ttjq{ jb n{w Blaq|iq~7 jqklq nc Iq|t Am|~ic/w giwl& {ml Alcgm wink& !Nc j|q jtncnjc {mlwl w{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjcw giccj{ al qliknc nwjfi{njc& a|{ mirl {j al qlik nc gjcwjcicgl n{m {ml b|cki`lc{if qnom{w o|iqic{llk a~ j|qGjcw{n{|{njc# [ml Gjcw{n{|{njc nw {ml mnomlw{ fi jb {ml fick ick cj w{i{|{l gic rnjfi{l n{# Nb {mlql nw iw{i{|{l mngm ittliqw {j rnjfi{l n{& l gic ln{mlq klgfiql n{ |cgjcw{n{|{njcif jq l gic qlik n{ kjc {jìel n{ gjcw{n{|{njcif#! -[JN& 99*41*1499.

”_j`lc qlfi{nrlw jb m|waick gic al ìkl qlwtjcklc{w |cklq Ig{/[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw qlglc{f~ mlfk {mi{ {ml {lq` ‖qlwtjcklc{‐ iw ncgf|klk nc {ml Kj`lw{ng RnjflcglIg{ gic ifwj ncgf|kl i blìfl qlfi{nrl ick {ml {lq` kjlw cj{ clglwwiqnf~ mirl {j al qlw{qng{lk jcf~ {jìfl `làlqw jb i bi`nf~# [mnw iw w{i{lk i{ i wl`nciq jc ‖Qlrnl jb lbblg{nrl N`tfl`lc{i{njc jb {mlKj`lw{ng Rnjflcgl Ig{‐ jqoicnwlk a~ {ml Aicoifjql \qaic Knw{qng{ Floif Wlqrnglw I|{mjqn{~ ick @imnfiKiewmi{i Wi`n{n& Eiqci{iei gmit{lq# [ml 92 u%{p u%mp Ikkn{njcif Gmnlb @l{qjtjfn{ic @ionw{qi{l -G@@.& @#Aq|colwm& mj wtjel jc ‖Lbblg{nrl lcbjqgl`lc{ jb {ml jqklqw tiwwlk |cklq {ml Kj`lw{ng Rnjflcgl Ig{‐&wink i wncofl h|kol ick lrlc i Knrnwnjc Alcgm jb {ml Eiqci{iei Mnom Gj|q{ mik wink {mi{ blìfl qlfi{nrlw

jb i m|waick mjwl nbl miw bnflk i giwl |cklq {ml Ig{ giccj{ al ìkl qlwtjcklc{w# Mjlrlq& {mlW|tql`l Gj|q{ mik& i bl ki~w ioj& mlfk {mi{ lrlc blìfl qlfi{nrlw jb i m|waick gic al ìklqlwtjcklc{w nc i giwl bnflk |cklq {ml Ig{ ick w|``jcw gic al nww|lk {j {ml`& ml wink# Ml wink {mi{ {mnwklgnwnjc jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ j|fk cj mirl {j al bjffjlk a~ iff {ml gj|q{w nc Nckni ick j`lc gj|fkcj ci`l {ml blìfl qlfi{nrlw jb {mlnq m|waickw iw qlwtjcklc{w |cklq {ml Ig{# -Mnck|& 19*41*1499.

Ojr{ `|ffw jrlq fi {j g|qa bjjk iw{iol i{ lkkncow[lq`nco {ml bjjk iw{iol i{ lkkncow ick wjgnif oi{mlqncow iw !gqn`ncif!& bjjk ick gjcw|`lq ibbinqw`ncnw{lq ER [mjìw {jki~ wink {ml ojrlqc`lc{ gj|fk aqnco i cl fi nc {mnw qloiqk ick ifwj fi|cgm iciiqlclww gi`tinoc {j g|qa {mnw# [ml `ncnw{lq wink if{mj|om {ml ojrlqc`lc{ miw cj{ gjck|g{lk ic~w{|k~ {j kl{lq`ncl {ml flrlf jb iw{iol jb bjjk i{ w|gm b|cg{njcw fnel ìqqniol lrlc{w& {mlql iql qltjq{w{mi{ iw{iol nw {j {ml l}{lc{ jb 9<14,# ![mlql nw m|ol iw{iol jb bjjk i{ lkkncow ick j{mlq wjgnifb|cg{njcw# N{ nw i gqn`ncif iw{iol# _l iql bncknco j|{ `lgmicnw` {j aqnco kjc w|gm iw{iol jb bjjk&!

[mjìw wink# [ml gjcw|`lq ibbinqw `ncnw{q~ miw ncn{ni{lk i gjcw|f{i{njc n{m cj{lk biq` wgnlc{nw{ @WWi`nci{mic ick wlrlqif gnrnf wjgnl{nlw {j w|oolw{ i~w {j qlk|gl {ml iw{iol jb bjjk n{l`w i{ anolrlc{w& ml wink# Iwelk nb {ml ojrlqc`lc{ nw tficcnco {j fn`n{ {ml c|àlq jb o|lw{w i{ lkkncow& [mjìwwink& !_l iql cj{ ojnco {j {mi{ l}{lc{# _l nff ln{mlq fi|cgm ic iiqlclww gi`tinoc jq nb cllk al aqnco nci cl flonwfi{njc#! [ml ojrlqc`lc{ nff ifwj fjje nc{j {ml O|lw{ Gjc{qjf Jqklq jb {ml 9>24w& mngm fn`n{wc|àlq jb o|lw{w i{ ìqqniolw ick j{mlq lrlc{w& ml wink# [ml `ncnw{lq cj{lk {mi{ {ml cllk jb {ml mj|q nw{j w{jt w|gm enck jb iw{iol algi|wl {mlql iql w{nff wj`l tlqglc{iol jb tjt|fi{njc mj ol{ jcf~ jcl {n`l`lif# Alwnklw gjcw|f{i{njc n{m COJw& {ml ojrlqc`lc{ nw `|ffnco wl{{nco |t i ci{njcif ikrnwjq~gj``n{{ll {j fjje nc{j {mnw nww|l& ml ikklk# [ml \TI ojrlqc`lc{ nw ifwj nc {ml tqjglww jb aqnconco iCi{njcif Bjjk Wlg|qn{~ Ig{ {j lcw|ql floif lc{n{fl`lc{ jb mnomf~ w|awnknwlk bjjkoqincw {j {ml tjjq# -KCI&11*41*1499.

Kjq~ miqiww`lc{ fnelf~ {j algj`l i ainfiafl jbblcgl

HINT\Q8 [ml \cnjc fi kltiq{`lc{ miw fi|cgmlk ic l}lqgnwl {j {jcl kjc {ml fi jc ì{qn`jcnifgq|lf{~& ncgf|knco giwlw jb kjq~ miqiww`lc{# Lbblg{nrlf~& kjq~ miqiww`lc{ ì~ wjjc algj`l i ainfiafljbblcgl# [j tqj{lg{ wjgnif bnaql jb bi`nf~ fnbl ick gmlge ifflolk `nw|wl jb {ml fi& {ml kltiq{`lc{ nwgjc{l`tfi{nco gmicolw nc Wlg{njc ;>=I jb {ml NTG {mi{ klbnclw {ml jbblcwl jb ì{qn`jcnif gq|lf{~#Wlg{njc ;>=I iw ncwlq{lk nc{j {ml NTG a~ ic i`lck`lc{ nc 9>=7# Jbblcklqw& ncgf|knco m|waick jq ic~j{mlq bi`nf~ `làlq& iql fniafl bjq n`tqnwjc`lc{ iw lff iw i bncl ick {ml jbblcgl nw cjcainfiafl& cjcgj`tj|ckiafl ick gjocnxiafl jc i gj`tfinc{ ìkl {j {ml tjfngl jbbnglq a~ {ml rng{n` -nbl. jq a~klwnoci{lk qlfi{nrlw# [ml fi kltiq{`lc{ nw cj l}tfjqnco rnianfn{~ jb gmiconco {ml fi {j ìel {mljbblcwl& ncgf|knco kjq~ miqiww`lc{& iw i ainfiafl ick gj`tj|ckiafl# //Qlflric{ ki{i ick jtncnjc iqlalnco wj|om{ bqj` w{i{lw {j lrif|i{l {ml `nw|wl jb {ml fi ick tjwwnanfn{nlw jb gmiconco n{&// wi~w H|w{ngl



-q{k. Wmnr E|ìq Wmiqì& `làlq jb {ml Ci{njcif Fi Gj``nwwnjc# [ml ticlf nff mjfk `ll{ncow n{mtjfngl kltiq{`lc{w igqjww w{i{lw {j gjfflg{ w{i{nw{ngw qloiqknco //`nw|wl// jb {ml fi ick ifwj iaj|{olc|ncl giwlw jb kjq~ miqiww`lc{ ick j{mlq bjq`w jb ì{qn`jcnif gq|lf{~# !Ib{lq m|waick/w iqqlw{&tjwwnanfn{~ jb qlgjcgnfni{njc algj`lw knbbng|f{& wj {ml nkli nw {j w{qnel i aificgl&! wink Wmiqì# A|{& ml wink{ml ticlf iw ly|iff~ gjcglqclk iaj|{ olc|ncl giwlw ick ki{i qloiqknco {ml wi`l iw ifwj alncogjfflg{lk# -[JN& 1;*41*1499.

TNF wllenco tqjtlq{~ kl{infw jb Ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{w qlhlg{lk[ml @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{ Alcgm mlql jc [m|qwki~ knw`nwwlk iw n{mkqic i t|afng nc{lqlw{ fn{noi{njctl{n{njc bnflk a~ i wjgnif ig{nrnw{ wllenco i knqlg{njc {j {ml Ojrlqc`lc{ {j w{qng{f~ n`tfl`lc{ i q|fl mngmìcki{lw Ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{w {j klgfiql wifl jq t|qgmiwl jb ic~ tqjtlq{~ jq{m jrlq Qw#9<&444 n{mnci `jc{m bqj` giqq~nco j|{ w|gm {qicwig{njc# I Knrnwnjc Alcgm gj`tqnwnco H|w{ngl C# Ti|f Riwic{mie|ìqick H|w{ngl Q# W|aanim iw jb {ml rnl {mi{ i t|afng nc{lqlw{ fn{noi{njc tl{n{njc gj|fk cj{ al bnflk nc iwlqrngl ì{{lq# T# Aia| -;1. jb @iq{micki` nc Eic~ie|ìqn knw{qng{ mik bnflk {ml tqlwlc{ TNF tl{n{njcgfin`nco {j al {ml gminqìc jb Iff Nckni Ic{nGjqq|t{njc Glc{ql& i cjc ojrlqc`lc{if jqoicnwi{njc#Iggjqknco {j {ml tl{n{njclq& Q|fl ?-1. jb {ml [i`nf Cik| Ojrlqc`lc{ Wlqric{w Gjck|g{ q|flw& 9>?7ìelw n{ ìcki{jq~ jc ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{w {j klgfiql lrlq~ {qicwig{njc l}gllknco Qw#9<&444# B|q{mlq&Q|fl ? -7. w{i{lw {mi{ {ml~ `|w{ w|a`n{ i ql{|qc jb {mlnq iwwl{w ick fnianfn{nlw {j {ml tqlwgqnalk i|{mjqn{nlwjcgl nc bnrl ~liqw# W|gm ql{|qc wmj|fk ifwj gjc{inc {ml tqjtlq{~ kl{infw jb {mlnq bi`nf~ `làlqw# [mltl{n{njclq mik tqlblqqlk i qltqlwlc{i{njc {j {ml Eic~ie|ìqn Gjfflg{jq jc Klglàlq 9=& 144> wllenco

{ml tqjtlq{~ kl{infw jb iff ojrlqc`lc{ wlqric{w nc {ml knw{qng{# Qltf~nco {j n{& {ml Gjfflg{jq jc Hic|iq~ =&1494 wink {mi{ ml iw cj{ nc i tjwn{njc {j tqjrnkl w|gm rjf|`ncj|w ncbjqì{njc# Mjlrlq& ml iwelk {mltl{n{njclq {j wlck wltiqi{l ittfngi{njcw {j lrlq~ kltiq{`lc{# W|awly|lc{f~& {ml tl{n{njclq wlc{ ncknrnk|ifqltqlwlc{i{njcw {j {ml fjgif jbbnglw jb {ml Lk|gi{njc Kltiq{`lc{& Fiaj|q _lfbiql Kltiq{`lc{& [i`nf Cik|W{i{l [qicwtjq{ Gjqtjqi{njc& [i`nf Cik| Lflg{qngn{~ Ajiqk& Qlonw{qi{njc Kltiq{`lc{& Bnql ick Qlwg|lWlqrnglw& [qicwtjq{ Kltiq{`lc{ ick j{mlqw wllenco {ml tqjtlq{~ kl{infw jb iff {ml l`tfj~llw jqenco nc{mjwl jbbnglw# ‖[m|w& N gi`l {j ecj {mi{ cj kltiq{`lc{ iw ìnc{incnco w|gm kl{infw {mj|om {mlTlqwjcclf ick Ik`ncnw{qi{nrl Qlbjq`w Wlgql{iq~ mik qn{{lc {j iff {ml Wlgql{iqnlw {j Ojrlqc`lc{& mlikwjb kltiq{`lc{w ick {ml Knw{qng{ Gjfflg{jqw jc H|cl ?& 144? {j w{qng{f~ n`tfl`lc{ Q|fl ? jb {ml [i`nf Cik|Ojrlqc`lc{ Wlqric{w Gjck|g{ Q|flw& 9>?7&‐ {ml tl{n{njclq gfin`lk# -Mnck|& 1<*41*1499.

Ojrlqcjqw gic/{ l}gllk {mlnq tjlq jb tiqkjc8 W|tql`l Gj|q{Ojrlqcjqw giccj{ l}gllk {mlnq tjlqw ick tiqkjc igg|wlk tlqwjcw jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ {ml~ lql

nccjglc{& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ {jki~ q|flk& y|iwmnco i T|chia ojrlqcjq jqklq nc mngm ml knqlg{lk {mlqlfliwl jb {mqll tlqwjcw bignco fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ nc i `|qklq giwl# [ml itl} gj|q{ wink {mj|om {mltqlwnklc{ ick {ml ojrlqcjqw lchj~ wtlgnif gjcw{n{|{njcif tjlqw {j tiqkjc gjcrng{lk tlqwjcw& n{ giccj{ all}lqgnwlk {j kl{lq`ncl {ml nccjglcgl jq j{mlqnwl jb {ml gjcrng{w iw n{ nw t|qlf~ nc {ml kjìnc jb gj|q{w#!Jcl wmj|fk cj{ {qlcgm |tjc {ml j{mlq# [ml ncw{ic{ jqklq jb {ml ojrlqcjq& a~ tqjcj|cgnco |tjc {mlnccjglcgl jb {ml igg|wlk& miw {mlqlbjql& nb l ì~ wi~ wj n{m qlwtlg{& l}gllklk {ml tlq`nwwnaflgjcw{n{|{njcif fn`n{w |cklq Iq{ngfl 929 jb {ml gjcw{n{|{njc# !Bjq {mlwl qliwjcw& l iql gjcw{qinclk {j mjfk{mi{ l giccj{ ittqjrl {ml jqklq jb {ml ojrlqcjq# _l {mlqlbjql& wl{ iwnkl {ml jqklq ick qlìck n{ {j {mlmjc„afl ojrlqcjq bjq qlgjcwnklqi{njc jb {ml ì{{lq nc iggjqkicgl n{m fi&! i alcgm jb h|w{nglw OW Wncomrnick Iwje E|ìq Oico|f~ wink nc i h|kol`lc{# [ml itl} gj|q{ tiwwlk {ml h|kol`lc{ mnfl klifnco n{m{ml ittlif bnflk a~ {ml {mqll gjcrng{w Ciqi~ic K|{{& Tql` E|ìq ick @ichn{ Wncom tiqkjclk a~ {mlOjrlqcjq a~ |wnco mnw tjlqw |cklq Iq{ngfl 929 jc H|f~ 1;& 144?# [ml ojrlqcjq tiwwlk {ml jqklq bjq {mlnqtiqkjc n{m ic jawlqri{njc {mi{ {ml~ lql bifwlf~ n`tfngi{lk nc {ml `|qklq nc mngm {ml~ lql gjcrng{lk

a~ {ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{ Aiqcifi# [ml gjcrng{w mik `jrlk {ml ittfngi{njc bjq tiqkjc albjql {ml ojrlqcjqlrlc mnfl bnfnco ic ittlif nc {ml mnom gj|q{ ioincw{ {ml gjcrng{njc# -KCI& 1;*41*1499.

WG8 Tqlx& o|rw gic jcf~ tiqkjc& cj{ klgfiql nccjglcglCL_ KLFMN8 [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ q|flk {mi{ {ml Tqlwnklc{ ick ojrlqcjqw& mnfl oqic{ncotiqkjc {j i tlqwjc gjcrng{lk jb ic jbblcgl a~ i gj|q{ jb fi& gj|fk cj{ lcgqjigm |tjc {ml h|kngniq~/wkjìnc ick tqjcj|cgl mn` nccjglc{# ![ml tjlqw jb {ml gj|q{ jb fi nc i gqn`ncif {qnif ick w|awly|lc{ittlif qnom{ |t{j {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ ick {mi{ jb {ml Tqlwnklc{*ojrlqcjq |cklq Iq{ngfl ?1*929 jb {mlGjcw{n{|{njc jtlqi{l nc {j{iff~ knbblqlc{ iqlciw ick {ml ci{|ql jb {mlwl {j tjlqw iql ifwj {j{iff~ knbblqlc{bqj` ligm j{mlq# Jcl wmj|fk cj{ {qlcgm |tjc {ml j{mlq&! i alcgm jb H|w{nglw O W Wncomrn ick I E



Oico|f~ wink# T|chia ojrlqcjq W B Qjkqno|lw& mnfl oqic{nco tiqkjc {j {mqll tlqwjcw gjcrng{lk nc i`|qklq giwl& gj``n{{lk {ml `nw{iel jb qlgjqknco {mlnq nccjglcgl ick wink {ml~ lql bnom{nco {j wlg|ql h|w{ngl bjq i qitl rng{n`# ![ml ncw{ic{ jqklq jb {ml ojrlqcjq& a~ tqjcj|cgnco |tjc {ml nccjglcgl jb {mligg|wlk& miw {mlqlbjql& nb l ì~ wi~ wj n{m qlwtlg{& l}gllklk {ml tlq`nwwnafl gjcw{n{|{njcif fn`n{w|cklq Iq{ngfl 929 jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc&! H|w{ngl Oico|f~& mj qj{l {ml h|ko`lc{ bjq {ml alcgm& wink# [mlalcgm wl{ iwnkl {ml ojrlqcjq/w jqklq tiqkjcnco @ichn{ Wncom mnfl cj{nco {mi{ {j j{mlqw ‛ Ciqinc K|{{ick Tql` E|ìq ‛ mik ifqlik~ allc igy|n{{lk a~ {ml mnom gj|q{# N{ qlìcklk {ml ì{{lq aige {j {mlojrlqcjq bjq qlgjcwnklqi{njc# [ml alcgm wink gjcw{n{|{njcif gj|q{w mirl i fn`n{lk tjlq {j qlrnlojrlqcjq/w tjlq {j oqic{ tiqkjc |cklq Iq{ngfl 929 jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc# Mjlrlq& n{ wink {ml ojrlqcjq/wjqklq w|bblqlk bqj` i rn{if fig|ci ‛ jawlqri{njcw qlfi{nco {j o|nf{ jq nccjglcgl jb {ml igg|wlk tlqwjcw# !N{nw lff wl{{flk {mi{ {j klgnkl jc {ml nccjglcgl jq j{mlqnwl jb ic igg|wlk tlqwjc nc i gqn`ncif {qnif nwn{mnc {ml l}gf|wnrl kjìnc jb i gj|q{ jb gj`tl{lc{ h|qnwkng{njc iw {mnw nw lwwlc{niff~ i h|kngnif b|cg{njc&!H|w{ngl Oico|f~ wink# -[JN& 1<*41*1499.

Tiqfni`lc{iq~ ticlf qlgj``lckw wiblo|iqkw {j i`lcklk knrjqgl fi[ml Kltiq{`lc{ qlfi{lk Gj``n{{ll jc {ml @ncnw{q~ jb Tlqwjcclf& T|afng Oqnlricglw ick Fi ick H|w{ngl& ‛ mliklk a~ Gjcoqlww @làlq jb Tiqfni`lc{ Hi~ic{mn Ci{iqihic& ‛ mnfl alnco nc birj|q jb {mlnc{qjk|g{njc jb ”nqql{qnlriafl aqliekjc jb ìqqniol/ iw i cl oqj|ckw bjq oqic{ jb knrjqgl nc {ml Mnck|@iqqniol Ig{ ick Wtlgnif @iqqniol Ig{& miw w|oolw{lk {mi{ wj`l rn{if wjgnif nww|lw wmj|fk al ikkqlwwlkalbjql {mnw iw t|{ nc tfigl# [mj|om {ml Gj``n{{ll& mngm lc{ nc{j {ml @iqqniol Fiw -I`lck`lc{.

Anff& 1494& iw nc ioqll`lc{ n{m {ml qi{njcifl almnck {ml Anff& n{ iw jb {ml rnl {mi{ wncgl wj`l jb n{wgfi|wlw mik rn{if n`tfngi{njcw& n{ `|w{ al qlrnllk# N{ w{i{lk wj nc n{w qltjq{ jc {ml Anff w|a`n{{lk {jTiqfni`lc{# [ml Anff& ib{lq n{w nc{qjk|g{njc nc {ml Qih~i Wiami nc I|o|w{ 1494& mik allc wlc{ {j {mlGj``n{{ll bjq bllkaige# [ml Gj``n{{ll qlgj``lcklk {mi{ {ml Anff wmj|fk tqjrnkl bjq wj`l wiblo|iqkwwj {mi{ {ml cl oqj|ckw bjq knrjqgl iw cj{ `nw|wlk# N{ ic{lk {ml ojrlqc`lc{ {j gjcwnklq klbncnco {mltmqiwl ‖nqql{qnlriafl aqliekjc jb ìqqniol‐ nc {ml Anff wj {mi{ |cnbjq` w{ickiqkw lql bjffjlk a~ {mlgj|q{w nc klifnco n{m knrjqgl tl{n{njcw# [ml qltjq{ wink8 ‖[mj|om {ml Gj``n{{ll nw nc ioqll`lc{ n{m {mlqi{njcifl almnck {ml Anff& Un{P bllfw {mi{ wj`l jb n{w gfi|wlw& mngm mirl rn{if n`tfngi{njcw& cllk {j alqlrnllk#‐ Jc {ml tqjrnwnjc bjq kjnco ii~ n{m {ml wn}`jc{m in{nco tlqnjk albjql `jrnco i hjnc{ `j{njcnc {ml giwl jb knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{& n{ wink8 ‖[ml Gj``n{{ll nw jb {ml rnl {mi{ {ml l}nw{ncotqjrnwnjcw jb U{mlP fi bjq knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{ iql binq ick qliwjciafl ick {mi{ {ml tqlrinfncogjjfncojbb tlqnjk al ql{inclk wj iw {j tqj{lg{ ick tqlwlqrl {ml ncw{n{|{njc jb ìqqniol#‐ [ml Gj``n{{llwink {mi{ k|qnco n{w klfnalqi{njcw n{ knk cj{ gj`l igqjww ic~ rnl l}tqlwwnco miqkwmnt jrlq {ml l}nw{nco

tqjrnwnjcw tqjrnknco bjq i gjjfncojbb tlqnjk nc {ml giwl jb knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{# [ml l}nw{ncotqjrnwnjc jb fi -{mi{ {ml tiq{nlw {j {ml ìqqniol `|w{ mirl fnrlk itiq{ bjq i gjc{nc|j|w tlqnjk jb cj{ flww{mic 7 ~liqw. wll`lk {j b|cg{njc lff iw n{ tqjrnklk ic jttjq{|cn{~ {j {ml tiq{nlw {j i ìqqniol {j {mncegjjff~ albjql bnciff~ `jrnco hjnc{f~ bjq knrjqgl# Jc {ml tqj{lg{njc jb {ml qnom{w jb nbl ick gmnfkqlc& {mlGj``n{{ll qlgj``lcklk {mi{ {ml {lq` ‖oqirl bncicgnif miqkwmnt‐ al klbnclk wj {mi{ {mlql iw flwwiàno|n{~& ick ic{lk {ml tqjrnwnjcw nc {ml Anff {j al b|q{mlq qlrnllk wj {mi{ {ml nc{lqlw{w jb j`lc&k|qnco knrjqgl tqjgllkncow& lql al{{lq wiblo|iqklk# [ml Gj``n{{ll ic{lk ikjt{lk gmnfkqlc {j algjrlqlk {jj& tjnc{nco j|{ {mi{ {ml tqjtjwlk Anff gjrlqlk jcf~ {mjwl gmnfkqlc ‖mj iql ajqc j|{ jb {mlìqqniol& {mlqla~ flirnco j|{ {ml giwl jb ikjt{lk gmnfkqlc‐# [ml Gj``n{{ll ic{lk {ml ojrlqc`lc{ {jìel ikly|i{l tqjrnwnjcw nc {ml @i{qn`jcnif Fi {j lcw|ql {mi{ {ml gj|q{w& mnfl ikh|kngi{nco jc knrjqgltl{n{njcw& ifwj klgnklk |tjc j`lc/w wmiql nc {ml ì{qn`jcnif tqjtlq{~ wj {mi{ {ml~ lql cj{ kltqnrlk jb{ml iwwl{w*tqjtlq{nlw {jiqk mngm {ml~ mik gjc{qna|{lk k|qnco {ml gjc{nc|icgl jb ìqqniol# Bj|cklq ickTqlwnklc{ jb {ml Gmnfkqlc/w Qnom{w Ncn{ni{nrl bjq Wmiqlk Tiqlc{nco -GQNWT. E|ìq R# Himonqkiq& nc i

w{i{l`lc{& lfgj`lk {ml ticlf/w qlgj``lcki{njc bjq i`lck`lc{w jc nww|lw qlfi{nco {j gmnfkqlc# ‖[mlqlnw i tqlw|`t{njc cj {mi{ U{mlP gmnfk nff al al{{lq wlqrlk Unb {ml `j{mlq nw {ml wjfl g|w{jknicP# [mnw nwfliknco {j i bi{mlqflww wjgnl{~ iw knrjqgl qi{lw iql ojnco |t& ick qlwliqgm miw wmjc {mi{ gmnfkqlc&n{mj|{ {ml fjrl ick ibblg{njc ick o|nkicgl jb U{mlP bi{mlq& iql biq `jql fnelf~ {j {|qc j|{ UiwP wgmjjf kqjtj|{w& {iel kq|ow ick algj`l rng{n`w jb {llciol tqlocicg~ l{g#‐ -Mnck|& 4?*47*1499.

@ncjq w{i~nco n{m bi`nf~ cllk cj{ al kj`lw{ng wlqric{8 Klfmn gj|q{![ml `lql big{ {mi{ i `ncjq onqf nw w{i~nco n{m i bi`nf~ kjlw cj{ n`tf~ {mi{ wml miw allc mnqlk iw ikj`lw{ng wlqric{&! i Klfmn gj|q{ miw q|flk mnfl onrnco qlfnlb {j i ìc mj mik onrlc wmlf{lq {j i onqf gmnfkiaickjclk a~ mlq tiqlc{w# !Nckni nw i gj|c{q~ mngm nw b|ff jb klw{n{|{l `ncjq gmnfkqlc& mj mirl ln{mlq



cjajk~ {j fjje ib{lq jq {mlnq o|iqknicw iql cj{ nc i tjwn{njc {j ìnc{inc {ml`# Wj& nb i cjafl bi`nf~ tngew |tic~ w|gm gmnfk& ìnc{incw ick lk|gi{lw mn`*mlq iw {mlnq jc gmnfk& w|gm i cjafl ig{ klwlqrlw {j alfi|klk ick lcgj|qiolk&! Ikkn{njcif Wlwwnjcw H|kol Rnqlcklq Ami{ wink# Ic~ tlqwjc& mj nw onrncowmlf{lq {j w|gm gmnfkqlc& giccj{ al mlfk o|nf{~ jb bjqgnco {ml `ncjq bjq {ml jbblcgl jb gmnfk fiaj|q& mlb|q{mlq cj{lk# [ml gj|q{/w jawlqri{njc gi`l mnfl wl{{nco iwnkl ic jqklq a~ i ìonw{qi{l mj mik knqlg{lk!nc {j{iff~ girifnlq biwmnjc! {ml i|{mjqn{nlw gjcglqclk {j gmiqol Ci~ic Im`lk |cklq Gmnfk Fiaj|q Ig{&H|rlcnfl H|w{ngl Ig{ ick j{mlq tqjrnwnjcw jb {ml NTG# I gj`tfinc{ iw bnflk a~ {ml tqlwnklc{& Wgnlc{nbng_lfbiql Wjgnl{~& Ncknic Ioqng|f{|ql Qlwliqgm Ncw{n{|{l& {mi{ i onqf gmnfk iw jqenco iw Im`lk/w kj`lw{ngmlft bjq {ml fiw{ jclickmifb ~liqw# Ami{ {jje cj{l jb {ml big{ {mi{ {ml ncwtlg{njc {li` cjmlql`lc{njclk nc n{w qltjq{ {ml enck jb kj`lw{ng jqe {ml onqf iw bj|ck kjnco# Ifwj& mnfl Im`lk/w clnomaj|q{jfk {ml gj|q{ iaj|{ mirnco wllc {ml onqf onrnco kj`lw{ng iw{l {j {ml oiqaiol gjfflg{jq& ml cjmlql`lc{njclk mirnco wllc mlq iwmnco Im`lk/w giq& iw `lc{njclk nc {ml gj`tfinc{ {j {ml Fiaj|qKltiq{`lc{# _mnfl nc g|w{jk~ jb {ml Gmnfk _lfbiql Gj``n{{ll bjq iaj|{ wn} ki~w& {ml `ncjq mik {jfk {ml`wml iw w{i~nco n{m Im`lkw iw mlq oqick`j{mlq mik wlc{ mlq {mlql k|l {j tjrlq{~ ick {ml~ mik jbblqlk{j qliq mlq# Wml mik wink {mi{ mlq bi{mlq mik iaickjclk mlq nc gmnfkmjjk ick mlq `j{mlq nw jb |cwj|ck`nck ick nw cj{ {qigliafl& {mlqlbjql& mlq oqick`j{mlq& mj nw jfk& gj|fk cj{ fjje ib{lq mlq# Nc mlqw{i{l`lc{& mlq oqick`j{mlq [iqi An qln{lqi{lk {mi{ wml mik wlc{ {ml oqick ki|om{lq {j {ml mj|wl jbIm`lk n{m {ml ncw{q|g{njcw {j onrl mlq tqjtlq lk|gi{njc ick ifwj {j iqqicol bjq mlq ìqqniol# !N{ nwittiqlc{ {mi{ {ml onqf iw alnco aqj|om{ |t a~ {ml Im`lkw iw i gmnfk jb {mlnq jc ick wml iw cj{ mnqlkbjq ic~ `jcl~ i{ iff# ![ml gnqg|`w{icglw& nc mngm {ml `ncjq onqf nw qlwnknco nc {mi{ bi`nf~ ick {ml giql ick

gjcglqc wmjc a~ {mi{ bi`nf~ {jiqkw {mi{ `ncjq onqf mirl {j al gjcwnklqlk albjql iqqnrnco i{ ic~ w|gmgjcgf|wnjc&! {ml h|kol wink# -KCI& 42*47*1499.

Onrl kl{infw jb a|kol{ iffjgi{njc bjq mlif{m wlg{jq8 Klfmn mnom gj|q{[ml Klfmn mnom gj|q{ miw knqlg{lk {ml Klfmn ojrlqc`lc{ {j ncbjq` n{ iaj|{ {ml a|kol{ iffjgi{njc bjq mlif{mwlg{jq bjq 14991491# H|w{ngl W @|qifnkmiq& nc i qlglc{ jqklq& knqlg{lk {ml wlgql{iq~ jb mlif{m ick bi`nf~lfbiql kltiq{`lc{ {j bnfl ic ibbnkirn{ n{m kl{infw iaj|{ {ml a|kol{iq~ iffjgi{njc a~ Itqnf 9# [ml gj|q{ ifwjiwelk {ml jbbnglq {j ncbjq` n{ iaj|{ {ml tjwn{njc jb knif~wnw ìgmnclw iw {mlql iw ic n``lkni{lqly|nql`lc{ nc riqnj|w mjwtn{ifw mlql bjq {ml {qli{`lc{ jb MNR ti{nlc{w# [ml h|kol mik liqfnlq knqlg{lk {mlgn{~ ojrlqc`lc{ {j qlwlqrl i{ fliw{ jcl alk ligm nc iff n{w mjwtn{ifw mngm mirl knif~wnw bignfn{nlw bjq MNRti{nlc{w# _mnfl igglt{nco {ml CG[ ojrlqc`lc{/w klgnwnjc {j qlwlqrl i alk ligm bjq MNR ti{nlc{w nc FjeCi~ie ick O|q| [lo Aimik|q mjwtn{ifw& {ml gj|q{ wink {ml tqjrnwnjc iw ncikly|i{l ick {ml ojrlqc`lc{iw qly|nqlk {j qlwlqrl i{ fliw{ i alk ligm nc n{w j{mlq mjwtn{ifw nc i {n`laj|ck ìcclq# !Nc i {n`l

aj|ck ìcclq& i{ fliw{ jcl alk `|w{ al qlwlqrlk nc ligm jb {ml j{mlq mjwtn{ifw b|cg{njcnco |cklqOCG[K mngm iql j{mlqnwl tqjrnknco knif~wnw bignfn{nlw&! {ml h|kol mik wink# [ml gj|q{ iw mliqnco itl{n{njc bnflk a~ i MNRtjwn{nrl ti{nlc{ wllenco knqlg{njc {j INN@W ick j{mlq ojrlqc`lc{ mjwtn{ifw {mi{binflk {j tqjrnkl mn` knif~wnw mlql# -KCI& 42*47*1499.

”[n`l bjq Tiqfni`lc{ {j klfl{l NTG Wlg{njc jc i{{l`t{ {j w|ngnkl/[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc @jcki~ qlgj``lcklk {j Tiqfni`lc{ {mi{ n{ gjcwnklq {ml bliwnanfn{~ jb klfl{ncoWlg{njc 74> jb {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl -i{{l`t{ {j gj``n{ w|ngnkl. bqj` {ml w{i{|{l# @ienco {mnwqlgj``lcki{njc& i Alcgm jb H|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqi wink {mj|om iGjcw{n{|{njc Alcgm nc Onic Ei|q/w giwl mik mlfk Wlg{njc 74> NTG gjcw{n{|{njciff~ rifnk& ‖{ml {n`l miwgj`l mlc n{ wmj|fk al klfl{lk a~ Tiqfni`lc{ iw n{ miw algj`l icigmqjcnw{ng# I tlqwjc i{{l`t{w w|ngnklnc kltqlwwnjc& ick mlcgl ml cllkw mlft& qi{mlq {mic t|cnwm`lc{#‐ _qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{& H|w{ngl Ei{h|wink8 ‖N{ ì~ al cj{lk {mi{ nc Onic Ei|q/w giwl if{mj|om {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw y|j{lk n{m ittqjrif {ml

rnl jb {ml Mj|wl jb Fjqkw nc Inqlkifl/w giwl& n{ miw cj{ gfiqnbnlk mj gic klgnkl ml{mlq fnbl w|ttjq{wmj|fk al knwgjc{nc|lk nc {ml giwl jb ic ncgj`tl{lc{ tlqwjc& l#o# i tlqwjc nc i gjì jq TRW Utlqìclc{rlol{i{nrl w{i{lP# [mnw rl}lk y|lw{njc miw allc iqnwnco jb{lc nc Nckni algi|wl {mlql iql i fiqol c|àlqjb giwlw mlql tlqwjcw oj nc{j i gjì -k|l {j ic iggnklc{ jq wj`l j{mlq qliwjc. jq bjq wj`l j{mlqqliwjc iql |ciafl {j onrl gjcwlc{& ick {mlc {ml y|lw{njc iqnwlw mj wmj|fk onrl gjcwlc{ bjq n{mkqiifjb fnbl w|ttjq{#‐ L}tfincnco m~ {ml gj|q{ iw cj{ qlgjocnwnco {ml tl{n{njclq nc {mnw giwl& Tncen Rnqicn jb@|àin {j lwtj|wl {ml gi|wl jb Iq|ci Qiìgmickqi Wmicai|o& mj miw allc f~nco nc i rlol{i{nrlw{i{l nc mjwtn{if bjq 7? ~liqw& {ml Alcgm wink {mj|om mlq tl{n{njc iw ajci bnkl ‖gjcwnklqnco {ml fjl{mngif flrlfw tqlrinfnco nc j|q wjgnl{~ {jki~ ick {ml qi`tic{ gj``lqgnifnwi{njc ick gjqq|t{njc& lgiccj{ q|fl j|{ {ml tjwwnanfn{~ {mi{ |cwgq|t|fj|w tlqwjcw n{m {ml mlft jb wj`l |cwgq|t|fj|w kjg{jqw ì~



biaqngi{l ì{lqnif {j wmj {mi{ n{ nw i {lq`ncif giwl n{m cj gmicgl jb qlgjrlq~#‐ N{ wink8 ‖_mnfl ìc~kjg{jqw iql |tqnom{& {mlql iql j{mlqw mj gic kj ic~{mnco bjq `jcl~# [ml gj``lqgnifnwi{njc jb j|qwjgnl{~ miw gqjwwlk iff fn`n{w# Mlcgl l mirl {j o|iqk ioincw{ {ml tj{lc{nif jb `nw|wl# Nc j|q jtncnjc&mnfl onrnco oqli{ lnom{ {j {ml nwmlw jb {ml tiqlc{w& wtj|wl& jq j{mlq gfjwl qlfi{nrlw jq cl}{ bqnlck jb {mlncgj`tl{lc{ ti{nlc{ ick ifwj onrnco k|l lnom{ {j {ml jtncnjc jb {ml i{{lcknco kjg{jqw& l giccj{ flirl n{lc{nqlf~ {j {mlnq knwgql{njc ml{mlq {j knwgjc{nc|l {ml fnbl w|ttjq{ jq cj{#‐ [ml Alcgm wink {ml Mnom Gj|q{gj|fk tiww w|n{iafl jqklqw jc {ml ittfngi{njc bnflk a~ {ml cliq qlfi{nrlw jq cl}{ bqnlck jq {mlkjg{jqw*mjwtn{if w{ibb tqi~nco bjq tlq`nwwnjc {j n{mkqi {ml fnbl w|ttjq{ {j ic ncgj`tl{lc{ tlqwjc# [mlMnom Gj|q{ wmj|fk wlle {ml jtncnjc jb i gj``n{{ll jb {mqll qlt|{lk kjg{jqw {j al cj`nci{lk a~ n{# [mlgj``n{{ll wmj|fk giqlb|ff~ l}i`ncl {ml ti{nlc{ ick ifwj gjcw|f{ {ml qlgjqk jb {ml ti{nlc{ iw lff iw{ienco {ml rnlw jb {ml mjwtn{if w{ibb ick w|a`n{ n{w qltjq{ {j {ml Mnom Gj|q{ mngm wmj|fk ittqjtqni{ljqklqw jc {ml ittfngi{njc wllenco n{mkqiif jb fnbl w|ttjq{# -Mnck|& 4=*47*1499.

WG q|fnco gic al i floif `nclbnlfk bjq wj`l bi`nfnlw![mlql nw ifi~w i tj{lc{nif bjq `nw|wl jb fi nc j|q gj|c{q~&! {ml WG wink ick {m|w knkc/{ flirl {mlklgnwnjc {j t|ff {ml tf|o {j kjg{jqw ick bi`nf~ jb {ml ti{nlc{ ifjcl# Mirnco MG ittqjrl {ml klgnwnjc!j|fk tqj{lg{ nc{lqlw{ jb {ml ti{nlc{ ick kjg{jqw! ick !qliww|ql {ml ti{nlc{/w bi`nf~ iw lff iw {ml t|afng&!{ml WG wink# _nff {ml WG rlqkng{ bfjjk {ml mnomlq gj|q{w cj: Fi~lqw wi~ jb{lc n{ nw ic infnco mlik jb {mlbi`nf~ mjwl ncmlqn{icgl mnw gmnfkqlc iql ib{lq# _nff {ml WG q|fnco {|qc nc{j i `nclbnlfk bjq iqkw jb ia|wnclwwìc mj ì~ bnck {ml floif ti{m {j `lqg~ enffnco ic liw~ jt{njc: Wj`l h|qnw{w ick `lkngif

l}tlq{w |qolk {ml cllk bjq gi|{njc iw wgjtl bjq `nw|wl& lwtlgniff~ nc giwlw jb tqjtlq{~ knwt|{lw& nwn``lcwl# ![ml q|fnco gj|fk al i tj{lc{nif `nclbnlfk bjq wj`l bi`nfnlw&! wink i wlcnjq fi~lq bqj` Klfmn#A|{ j{mlq floif l}tlq{w fnel Miqnwm Wifrl ick Nyaif Gmiofi wink {ml WG jqklq miw w{q|ge !i bncl aificgl!# N{nw i aificgl& {ml~ wink& al{llc i ti{nlc{/w qnom{ {j fnbl n{m knocn{~& {ml qnom{ {j lck n{ nc i qiql giwl mlc{ml ti{nlc{ nw cj fjcolq gj`tl{lc{ {j klgnkl ick {ml tjwwnanfn{~ jb i |cwgq|t|fj|w qlfi{nrl wllenco i miw{~tm~wngniciwwnw{lk kli{m jb w|gm i ti{nlc{# -[JN& 4=*47*1499.

Gj|q{ gjcglqc jrlq klfi~ nc lcig{nco |cnbjq` gnrnf gjkl[ml Elqifi Mnom Gj|q{ jc _lkclwki~ l}tqlwwlk gjcglqc jrlq {ml klfi~ nc lcig{nco i |cnbjq` gnrnf gjklnc {ml gj|c{q~ iw jawlqrlk a~ {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{# H|w{ngl T# Amirikiwic jawlqrlk {mi{ {mlql iw ‖cj h|w{nbngi{njc mi{wjlrlq nc klfi~nco ncklbncn{lf~ {ml nc{qjk|g{njc jb i |cnbjq` tlqwjcif fi nc {ml gj|c{q~‐#[ml gj|q{ wink {mi{& |cbjq{|ci{lf~& cj tqjoqlww mik allc ìkl lrlc ib{lq {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ mik ìkl n{gfliq {mi{ i |cnbjq` gnrnf gjkl iw ic iawjf|{l clglwwn{~# [ml gj|q{ wink {mi{ wj`l j{mlq gjcwnklqi{njcw

wll`lk {j kl{lq {ml flonwfi{|ql bqj` mirnco i |cnbjq` gnrnf gjkl# [ml gj|q{ jawlqrlk {mi{ Iq{ngfl ;; iwaiwlk jc {ml gjcglt{ {mi{ {mlql iw cj clglwwiq~ gjcclg{njc al{llc qlfnonjc ick tlqwjcif fi nc ignrnfnwlk wjgnl{~# [ml Iq{ngfl tqjrnklk {mi{ {ml W{i{l wmiff lcklirj|q {j wlg|ql bjq {ml gn{nxlcw i |cnbjq`gnrnf gjkl {mqj|omj|{ {ml {lqqn{jq~ jb Nckni# [ml gj|q{ ìkl {ml jawlqri{njcw mnfl iffjnco ic ittlif bnflka~ Ioclw ifniw E|ch|`jf& Ejgmn& ioincw{ mlq `j{mlqncfi gfin`nco i qnom{ jrlq m|waick/w qlwnklc{niftqjtlq{~# [ml gj|q{ nww|lk i tlqìclc{ tqjmnan{jq~ nch|cg{njc qlw{qincnco mlq `j{mlqnc fi bqj`knwtjwwlwwnco @w# Ioclw bqj` {ml tqjtlq{~ |c{nf {ml~ lql tqjrnklk n{m icj{mlq w|n{iafl qlwnklcgl a~{ml bi`nf~ `làlqw jb mlq m|waick# Iggjqknco {j @w# Ioclw& mlq m|waick& Wlaiw{nic& mj iw q|ccncoi bi`nf~ a|wnclww klrlfjtlk `lc{if nffclww ick `|qklqlk jcl jb mlq gmnfkqlc# Ml iw wlc{ {j {ml mj`lbjq {ml `lc{iff~gmifflcolk# ”Cj qnom{ {j lrng{/ Wml wink wml mik i qnom{ {j qlwnkl nc {ml a|nfknco ick mlq`j{mlqncfi mik cj qnom{ {j lrng{ mlq# Jc mlq w|n{& {ml knw{qng{ gj|q{ bj|ck {mi{ alnco i Gmqnw{nic& {mlqliw cj ”{miqiik|/ bjq {ml bi`nf~ ick @w# Ioclw knk cj{ mirl ic~ qnom{ jrlq {ml tqjtlq{~# -Mnck|&94*47*1499.

Fn{noic{ fjwnco nc WG gic cj `jrl mnom gj|q{ bjq qlrnlCL_ KLFMN8 I tlqwjc fjwnco mnw ittlif nc {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ cllk cj{ klwtinq& bjq ml gic `jrlaigeiqkw jc {ml h|kngnif fikklq ick wlle qlrnl jb {ml MG h|ko`lc{ albjql {ml MG& {ml itl} gj|q{ winkjc _lkclwki~# [mnw jqklq bqj` i alcgm gj`tqnwnco H|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqijrlqq|flk gjcg|qqlc{ rnlw nc {j itl} gj|q{ q|fncow& mngm tqlgf|klk i fn{noic{ bqj` bnfnco qlrnl tflialbjql ic MG ib{lq {ml WG knw`nwwlk mnw wtlgnif flirl tl{n{njc ioincw{ {ml MG h|ko`lc{# Ittliqnco bjq{ml qlwtjcklc{w& ikrjgi{l Wichi~ Eit|q tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ nc i h|ko`lc{ nc 1449& {ml WG mik ioqllk n{m{ml rnlw l}tqlwwlk nc i 9>>= h|ko`lc{ ick mik wink& !Nb i qlrnl tl{n{njc nw bnflk -nc {ml MG. ib{lq {mlknw`nwwif jb {ml wtlgnif flirl tl{n{njc& n{ j|fk al {qli{lk iw ic ibbqjc{ {j {ml jqklq jb {ml W|tql`l



Gj|q{#! [ml alcgm knk cj{ ioqll {mi{ n{ iw i tqlglklc{# N{ gfiqnbnlk {mi{ nb i wtlgnif flirl tl{n{njcittlifnco ioincw{ ic MG h|ko`lc{ iw knw`nwwlk n{mj|{ iwwnocnco ic~ qliwjc& n{ j|fk cj{ tqlgf|kl {mlfn{noic{ bqj` `jrnco {ml MG n{m i qlrnl tfli {j gjqqlg{ lqqjqw {mi{ mik gqlt{ nc{j {ml MG jqklq# [mlAlcgm wink {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{/w jawlqri{njc nc 1449 h|ko`lc{ !giccj{ al {qli{lk iw i tqlglklc{ i{ iff!#N{ wink& !_l iql cj{ ibqink jb ibbqjc{w# _mi{ miw {j al wllc nw ml{mlq i floif tqncgntfl nw fink kjc jq cj{&N{ nw {j{iff~ nqqlflric{ ml{mlq l mirl allc ibbqjc{lk jq cj{# A~ i h|kngnif jqklq& {ml tjlq {j qlrnlgiccj{ al {ielc ii~ iw {mi{ miw allc gjcblqqlk a~ {ml w{i{|{l jq {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc# [mnw gj|q{ a~ h|kngnifjqklq giccj{ i`lck {ml w{i{|{l jq {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc#! -[JN& 94*47*1499.

Kjc„{ oj jc loj {qntw& W|tql`l Gj|q{ {lffw h|kolw[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ -WG. miw iwelk h|kolw iff jrlq {ml gj|c{q~ {j wmlk ‖loj‐ ick w{jt w|``jcnco mnomjbbngnifw ‖qj|{nclf~& giw|iff~& ick wj`l{n`lw i{ {ml kqjt jb i mi{‐# [ienco cj{l jb {ml mnom c|àlq jb tfliw{ml l}lg|{nrl miw allc bnfnco nc W|tql`l Gj|q{ ioincw{ w|``jcw a~ w|ajqknci{l gj|q{w& {ml {jt gj|q{wink n{ iw ‖jb{lc jcf~ bjq loj wi{nwbig{njc jb {ml fliqclk h|kol‐# ‖H|kolw wmj|fk cj{ mirl ic~ lojtqjafl`w&‐ i alcgm jb h|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqi jawlqrlk mnfl iffjnco icittlif a~ a|qli|gqi{ QW Wncom& w|``jclk a~ {ml \{{iq Tqiklwm mnom gj|q{ nc gjcclg{njc n{m ic jqklqtiwwlk nc 9>=># [ml h|kolw wink `làlqw jb mnomlq h|kngniq~& w|gm iw mnom gj|q{w ick W|tql`l Gj|q{& nctiq{ng|fiq& ‖wmj|fk mirl oqli{ `jklw{~ ick m|`nfn{~‐# ‖[mnw nw algi|wl {ml mnomlq jcl `jrlw nc mnlqiqgm~{ml oqli{lq algj`l mnw tjlqw# Mlcgl& |cflww jcl miw `jklw{~ ick m|`nfn{~& ml ì~ tfi~ mirjg&‐W|tql`l Gj|q{ iqclk# H|kolw lchj~ ‖{ql`lckj|w tjlqw‐& a|{ ‖ali|{~ fnlw‐ nc cj{ l}lqgnwnco {ml`

l}glt{ mlql iawjf|{lf~ clglwwiq~& n{ wink& ikknco& ‖Bfi|c{nco {mlwl tjlqw |cclglwwiqnf~ jcf~ aqncow {ml h|kngniq~ nc{j knwqlt|{l#‐ -KCI& 99*47*1499.

Klfmn mnom gj|q{ qlhlg{w tfli jrlq Lcl`~ Tqjtlq{~ Ig{Nc i wl{aige {j ”Qihi„ @jmi`ìk I`nq Emic& mjwl tiqlc{w jclk tqjtlq{nlw jq{m gqjqlw nc F|gecjick `noqi{lk {j Tienw{ic& {ml Klfmn mnom gj|q{ qlb|wlk {j lc{lq{inc mnw tfli gmifflconco glq{inc tqjrnwnjcwjb {ml Lcl`~ Tqjtlq{~ Ig{# I knrnwnjc alcgm jb Gmnlb H|w{ngl Kntei @nwqi ick H|w{ngl Wichnr Emicciknw`nwwlk i tl{n{njc bnflk a~ Emic gmifflconco {ml tqjrnwnjc jb Lcl`~ Tqjtlq{~ -I`lck`lc{ ickRifnki{njc. jqkncicgl aiqqnco {ml h|kngniq~ bqj` lc{lq{incnco tl{n{njc ioincw{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{#‖ Wjflf~algi|wl {ml jqkncicgl miw allc nww|lk a~ {ml tqlwnklc{& n{ j|fk cj{ gjcblq h|qnwkng{njc jc {ml mnom gj|q{jb Klfmn {j klif n{m {ml gjcw{n{|{njcif&‐ {ml alcgm wink ick oqic{lk ;< ki~w {n`l {j Emic {j ittqjigm {mlittqjtqni{l gj|q{# Emic gfin`lk {mi{ ib{lq 7< ~liqw jb floif ai{{fl& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ mik qlw{jqlk {mltqjtlq{nlw n{m mn` ncgf|knco {ml a|coifjw jb {ml knw{qng{ ìonw{qi{l& w|tlqnc{lcklc{ jb tjfngl ick gmnlb

`lkngif jbbnglq nc Wn{it|q jq{m gqjqlw jb q|tllw# [ml Glc{ql& mjlrlq& wj|om{ {j {iel aige {mltjwwlwwnjc jb {ml tqjtlq{~ {mqj|om {ml jqkncicgl mngm aiqqlk ic~ gj|q{ {j lc{lq{inc ic~ w|n{ tlq{incnco{j {ml lcl`~ tqjtlq{~# Lcl`~ tqjtlq{~ qlblqw {j {ml tqjtlq{~ flb{ almnck a~ {mjwl mj jt{lk {j oj {jTienw{ic ib{lq {ml Tiq{n{njc jb Ncknic w|agjc{nclc{# Ncknic ojrlqc`lc{ wlnxlk {ml` iw i ì{{lq jb qnom{#-KCI clw& 14*47*1499.

Tl{{~ y|iqqlfw cj oqj|ck bjq knrjqgl8 Klfmn mnom gj|q{[mqjnco i{lq nc {ml bigl jb m|waick& ia|wnco mnw tiqlc{w ick iwenco {ml` {iel {ml mnomi~ {j Miqkiqkj cj{ i`j|c{ {j gq|lf{~ ick iw w|gm& giccj{ al i oqj|ck bjq knrjqgl& {ml Klfmn mnom gj|q{ miw q|flk#‖@i{qn`jc~ nw i `l{itmjq jb an{{lqwll{ lrlc{w gj|tflk n{m gjch|oif enckclww ick i{ {n`lw gjfkclww ickcloflg{# [ml gj|q{ giccj{ UaiwlkP jc i bl nwjfi{lk ig{w ick ìocnbnlk tl{{~ knbblqlcglw& mngm gic alnqjclk j|{ n{m tlqwlrlqicgl ick {q|w{& knwwjfrl {ml mjf~ ajck&‐ h|w{ngl Einfiwm Oiàmnq wink mnflknw`nwwnco {ml knrjqgl tfli jb kjg{jq Qjmn{ -ci`l gmicolk.# [ml kjg{jq mik gn{lk {ml ibjqlwink {mqll

ncw{icglw jb ‖gq|lf{~‐ {j wlle knrjqgl bqj` nbl Qn{| -ci`l gmicolk.# A|{ {ml gj|q{ jawlqrlk& ‖Gq|lf{~riqnlw bqj` giwl {j giwl# _mi{ ì~ al gq|lf{~ nc jcl giwl ì~ cj{ al nc icj{mlq# N{ ì~ al nc{lc{njcif jq|cnc{lc{njcif& tm~wngif jq `lc{if#‐ Qjmn{ ick Qn{| knk cj{ ol{ ifjco qnom{ wncgl {ml alonccnco jb {mlnqìqqnlk fnbl nc 1449# Bq|w{qi{lk& {ml m|waick `jrlk gj|q{ klìcknco knrjqgl# Ml wink Qn{| iwmiqiwwnco mn` ick mnw tiqlc{w ick bjqgnco {ml` {j fnrl itiq{# Ib{lq i {qnif gj|q{ knw`nwwlk Qjmn{„w tfli nc144>& ml ittqjigmlk mnom gj|q{# ‖Iffloi{njcw flrlfflk a~ {ml ittlffic{ Um|waickP iql jcf~ {qnrnifn{nlw jb fnbl#[mlwl gic al {lq`lk liq ick {liq jb ìqn{if fnbl ick iql cj{ wj oqirl {j qinwl {ml ittqlmlcwnjc nc {ml`nck jb {ml ittlffic{ {mi{ n{ j|fk al miq`b|f ick nch|qnj|w {j fnrl n{m {ml qlwtjcklc{ UnblP&‐ {ml gj|q{wink# Y|j{nco itl} gj|q{ o|nklfnclw jc gq|lf{~& n{ wink& ‖@lql gjfkclww jq fige jb ibblg{njc giccj{ i`j|c{{j gq|lf{~#‐ -KCI& 11*47*1499.



Fi& cj{ ly|n{~ `|w{ tqlrinf8 W|tql`l Gj|q{[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw q|flk {mi{ fi wmj|fk tqlrinf jrlq ly|n{~ ick {mi{ h|kolw wmj|fk cj{ flonwfi{l iw n{j|fk al rnjfi{nrl jb {ml aiwng kl`jgqi{ng tqncgntflw# I alcgm jb H|w{ngl @iqeickl~i Ei{h| ick H|w{nglO~ic W|kmi @nwmqi nc i qlglc{ h|ko`lc{ wink gj|q{w wmj|fk cj{ nc{lqtql{ q|flw jc {ml aiwnw jb ly|n{~# !Ncj{mlq jqkw& jcgl l kltiq{ bqj` {ml fn{lqif q|fl& {mlc ic~ c|àlq jb nc{lqtql{i{njcw gic al t|{ {j iw{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjc& ligm h|kol mirnco i bqll tfi~ {j t|{ mnw jc nc{lqtql{i{njc iw ml fnelw# ![mnw j|fk alklw{q|g{nrl jb h|kngnif knwgntfncl& ick ifwj {ml aiwng tqncgntfl nc i kl`jgqig~ {mi{ n{ nw cj{ bjq {ml h|kol {jflonwfi{l iw {mi{ nw {ml {iwe jb lflg{lk qltqlwlc{i{nrlw jb {ml tljtfl# Lrlc nb {ml fn{lqif nc{lqtql{i{njcqlw|f{w nc miqkwmnt jq ncgjcrlcnlcgl& n{ miw {j al bjffjlk&! {ml alcgm wink# [ml itl} gj|q{ tiwwlk {mlq|fnco mnfl wl{{nco iwnkl i @i~ 17& 1442 h|ko`lc{ jb i b|ff alcgm jb {ml Elqifi mnom gj|q{ mngm jc {mlaiwnw jb tqncgntflw jb ly|n{~ |tmlfk {ml tqj`j{njc jb olclqif gi{lojq~ gicknki{lw bjq {ml tjw{ jb afjgeklrlfjt`lc{ jbbnglq -AKJw.# [ml knwt|{l qlfi{lk {j nc{lq wl wlcnjqn{~ bjq {ml tjw{ jb AKJw al{llc {mlolclqif gi{lojq~ gicknki{lw ick tl{n{njclq Wgmlk|flk Giw{l*Wgmlk|flk [qnal gicknki{lw# [ml itl} gj|q{wink& ![ml b|ff alcgm ick wncofl h|kol mirl qlfnlk jc ly|n{~& h|w{ngl ick ojjk gjcwgnlcgl& qi{mlq {mic fi#_l iql jb {ml jtncnjc {mi{ {mnw ittqjigm nw ncgjqqlg{# _mlc {mlql nw i gjcbfng{ al{llc fi ick ly|n{~& n{ nw{ml fi mngm nw {j tqlrinf# !Ly|n{~ gic jcf~ w|ttfl`lc{ {ml fi mlc {mlql nw i oit nc n{& a|{ n{ giccj{w|ttfic{ {ml fi# Nc {ml tqlwlc{ giwl& Q|fl 1?-g. gfliqf~ ìelw {ml ittlffic{w wlcnjq {j {ml qlwtjcklc{wiw {ml ikrngl bjq {mlnq ittjnc{`lc{w lql ìkl tqnjq {j {mi{ bjq {ml qlwtjcklc{w&! {ml alcgm wink#Iggjqknco {j Q|fl 1?-g. jb {ml Elqifi W{i{l ick W|ajqknci{l Wlqrnglw Q|flw& wlcnjqn{~ nw {j al kl{lq`nclk

!a~ {ml ki{l jb bnqw{ lbblg{nrl ikrngl ìkl a~ {ml T|afng Wlqrngl Gj``nwwnjc {j {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ bjqittjnc{`lc{# Nc {ml tqlwlc{ giwl bjq {ml ittlffic{w A Tqlìcick ick j{mlq WG*W[ gicknki{lw {ml winkikrngl bjq ittjnc{`lc{ iw ìkl a~ {ml Elqifi T|afng Wlqrngl Gj``nwwnjc jc H|f~ =& 9>>1 ick {ml~ hjnclk al{llc H|f~ 97& 9>>1 ick Jg{jalq 11&9>>1# _mlqliw& !ikrngl! bjq {ml olclqif gi{lojq~gicknki{lw iw ìkl jc Itqnf 2& 9>>7 ick {ml~ lql ittjnc{lk iw AKJw jc Wlt{làlq 1=& 9>>7 ick{ml~ hjnclk al{llc Jg{jalq 2&9>>7 ick Cjrlàlq 9?& 9>>7# Mjlrlq& {ml b|ff alcgm jb {ml mnom gj|q{q|flk nc birj|q jb {ml olclqif gi{lojq~ gicknki{lw rnwirnw wlcnjqn{~ jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ {mlnq jqnoncifwlflg{njc iw `|gm tqnjq {j {ml WG*W[ gicknki{lw# -KCI& 11*47*1499.

T|afng i|g{njc alw{ al{ bjq wifl jb w{i{l tqjtlq{~8 gj|q{Ncrn{nco {lcklqw bqj` {ml t|afng jq mjfknco i t|afng i|g{njc nw {ml alw{ `l{mjk bjq knwtjwif jb w{i{ltqjtlq{~& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw mlfk# Nc wifl jb t|afng tqjtlq{~& {ml kj`ncic{ gjcwnklqi{njc nw {j wlg|ql{ml alw{ tqngl# ‖[mnw gic al igmnlrlk jcf~ mlc {mlql nw ì}n`|` t|afng tiq{ngnti{njc nc {ml tqjglww jb

wifl ick lrlq~ajk~ miw ic jttjq{|cn{~ jb ìenco ic jbblq# N{ algj`lw i floif jafnoi{njc jc {ml tiq{ jb {mli|{mjqn{~ {mi{ tqjtlq{~ al wjfk nc w|gm i ìcclq {mi{ n{ ì~ bl{gm {ml alw{ tqngl&‐ wink i Alcgm jb H|w{nglwT# Wi{miwnri` ick A#W# Gm|imic# Mjlrlq& {ml mnomlw{ ankklq gj|fk cj{ mirl i qnom{ {j ol{ {ml tqjtlq{~jq ic~ tqnrnflol& |cflww {ml i|{mjqn{~ gjcbnq`lk {ml i|g{njc wifl& alnco b|ff~ wi{nwbnlk {mi{ {ml tqjtlq{~bl{gmlk {ml ittqjtqni{l tqngl ick {mlql iw cj gjff|wnjc i`jco {ml ankklqw# _qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{&H|w{ngl Wi{miwnri` wink8 ‖[ml klgnwnjc*nc{lc{njc {j aqnco {ml tqjtlq{~ bjq wifl wmiff al t|afnwmlk a~ i~jb ic ikrlq{nwl`lc{ nc {j fliknco clwtitlqw& jcl Ujb {ml`P nc {ml rlqcig|fiq fico|iol mirnco w|bbngnlc{gnqg|fi{njc nc {mi{ fjgifn{~# Albjql gjck|g{nco wifl jb n``jriafl tqjtlq{~& {ml i|{mjqn{~ gjcglqclk wmiffja{inc rif|i{njc bqj` ic ittqjrlk rif|lq ick& nc gjcw|f{i{njc n{m {ml wlg|qlk gqlkn{jq& bn} {ml qlwlqrltqngl ick ì~ wlff {ml mjfl jq ic~ tiq{ jb w|gm n``jriafl wlg|qlk iwwl{#‐ Nb {ml tqjtlq{~ jb i kla{jqiw alnco wjfk& ml wmj|fk al onrlc i qliwjciafl jttjq{|cn{~ nc {ml ì{{lq jb rif|i{njc& flw{ {ml wifl w|bblqw|aw{ic{nif nch|q~& {ml Alcgm wink# Nc {ml ncw{ic{ giwl& {ml Elqifi Bncicgnif Gjqtjqi{njc -EBG. gmifflcolki Elqifi Mnom Gj|q{ jqklq klgqllnco i w|n{ bjq wtlgnbng tlqbjqìcgl nc birj|q jb Rncglc{ Ti|f bjq wifl jb n{w

tqjtlq{~# Knwtjwnco jb {ml ittlif& {ml Alcgm wink {ml EBG mik cj{ w{qng{f~ bjffjlk {ml tqjglk|ql ncaqnconco {ml tqjtlq{~ bjq wifl# N{ wl{ iwnkl {ml Mnom Gj|q{ jqklq ick iff j{mlq {qicwig{njcw ln{mlq nc {ml bjq`jb {lcklq jq i|g{njc jb {ml tqjtlq{~# N{ knqlg{lk {ml EBG {j bnqw{ nww|l ic ikrlq{nwl`lc{ giffnco bjq {lcklqwa~ i~ jb i t|afng i|g{njc a~ bjffjnco {ml knqlg{njcw gjc{inclk nc {mnw h|ko`lc{# Nb {ml EBG mik igglt{lkic~ kltjwn{ bqj` ic~ jb {ml tiq{nlw a~ i~ jb {lcklq jq ank& n{ wmj|fk al ql{|qclk n{mnc 74 ki~w n{m cncltlq glc{ nc{lqlw{ bqj` {ml ki{l jb kltjwn{ |c{nf n{ iw qltink# -Mnck|& 1;*47*1499.

Knrjqgl gjcwlc{ gic al n{mkqic lrlc ib{lq w{nt|fi{lk tlqnjkGjcwlc{ bjq knrjqgl a~ ”`|{|if gjcwlc{/ gic al n{mkqic a~ ln{mlq {ml nbl jq {ml m|waick lrlc ib{lq {mll}tnq~ jb {ml w{nt|fi{lk 9=`jc{m tlqnjk ick nc w|gm giwlw i klgqll bjq knrjqgl giccj{ al oqic{lk& {ml



W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw mlfk# I Alcgm jb H|w{nglw K#E# Hinc ick M#F# Ki{{| mlfk {mi{ `|{|if gjcwlc{ iwgjc{l`tfi{lk |cklq Wlg{njc 97A -1. jb {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{ wmj|fk gjc{nc|l |c{nf {ml knrjqgl klgqlliw tiwwlk a~ gj|q{# _qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{& H|w{ngl Ki{{| wink8 ‖@iqqniolw iql ìkl nc mlirlc& jq wj n{ nwwink# A|{ l iql& `jql jb{lc {mic cj{& ìkl {j jcklq mi{ mittlcw {j {ml` a~ {ml {n`l {ml~ klwglckkjc {j liq{m# [mj|om {mlql nw i floif ìgmnclq~ nc tfigl {j klif n{m w|gm giwlw& {mlwl iql tlqmitw {ml{j|omlw{ bjq {ml gj|q{w {j klif n{m# W|gm nw {ml giwl tqlwlc{f~ albjql |w#‐ Nc{lqtql{nco 97A -1.& {mlAlcgm wink8 ‖Bqj` {ml fico|iol jb {mnw wlg{njc& iw lff iw {ml wl{{flk fi& n{ nw gfliq {mi{ jcl jb {ml tiq{nlwì~ n{mkqi mnw*mlq gjcwlc{ ic~{n`l albjql {ml tiwwnco jb {ml klgqll# [ml `jw{ n`tjq{ic{ qly|nql`lc{bjq oqic{ jb knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{ nw bqll gjcwlc{ jb aj{m tiq{nlw#‐ \cflww {mlql iw i gj`tfl{lioqll`lc{ al{llc {ml m|waick ick {ml nbl bjq knwwjf|{njc jb ìqqniol ick |cflww {ml gj|q{ iwgj`tfl{lf~ wi{nwbnlk& n{ gj|fk cj{ oqic{ i klgqll bjq knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{# ‖J{mlqnwl& nc j|q rnl&{ml l}tqlwwnjc ”knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{/ j|fk al j{njwl#‐ [ml Alcgm wink8 ‖[ml 9=`jc{m tlqnjk bjqn{mkqiif jb gjcwlc{ iw wtlgnbnlk jcf~ {j lcw|ql y|nge knwtjwif jb giwlw jb knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{ick cj{ {j wtlgnb~ {ml {n`l tlqnjk bjq n{mkqiif jb gjcwlc{#‐ Nc {ml ncw{ic{ giwl& Mn{lwm Ami{cioiq ickmnw nbl Kllti& ib{lq {ml anq{m jb i onqf gmnfk& ittfnlk bjq knrjqgl a~ `|{|if gjcwlc{ nc i gj|q{ nc O|qoijc&Miq~ici# [mj|om Kllti n{mkql mlq gjcwlc{ ib{lq {ml w{nt|fi{lk 9= `jc{mw& {ml {qnif gj|q{ knw`nwwlk{ml ittfngi{njc w{i{nco {mi{ wncgl {mlql iw cj ”`|{|if gjcwlc{/ knrjqgl gj|fk cj{ al oqic{lk# [ml T|chiaick Miq~ici Mnom Gj|q{ |tmlfk {mnw h|ko`lc{# Knw`nwwnco Mn{lwm/w ittlif ioincw{ {mnw jqklq& {mlW|tql`l Gj|q{ tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ cjcn{mkqiif jb gjcwlc{ albjql {ml l}tnq~ jb 9= `jc{mw iw nqqlflric{iw Kllti mik {n`l ick ioinc l}tqlwwlk mlq nffncoclww {j fnrl n{m mlq m|waick bjq {ml wiel jb {ml onqf

gmnfk# Nc {ml fnom{ jb {mlwl big{w& n{ j|fk al i {qirlw{~ jb h|w{ngl {j knwwjfrl {mnw ìqqniol iw mirnco aqjelckjc# Jc {ml ittlffic{/w tfli {mi{ {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ wmj|fk l}lqgnwl n{w l}{qijqknciq~ tjlq |cklqIq{ngfl 9;1 -{j kj w|aw{ic{nrl h|w{ngl.& {ml Alcgm wink w|gm i tjlq mik allc rlw{lk nc n{ n{m n`tfngn{{q|w{ ick bin{m& ick l}{qijqknciq~ giql ick gi|{njc mik {j al jawlqrlk mnfl l}lqgnwnco {mnw h|qnwkng{njc#[ml Alcgm tfiglk jc qlgjqk n{w ittqlgni{njc jb {ml lbbjq{w ìkl a~ gj|cwlf Miqwmrnq Tqi{it Wmiqì {jaqnco iaj|{ ic i`ngiafl wl{{fl`lc{ al{llc {ml tiq{nlw# -Mnck|& 41*4<*1499.

MG8 Ql{nqnco {ligmlqw/ gic/{ gfin` qll`tfj~`lc{CL_ KLFMN8 Klfmn mnom gj|q{ miw wink ql{nqnco {ligmlqw nc {ml gitn{if gic/{ gfin` qll`tfj~`lc{ iw iì{{lq jb qnom{# H|w{ngl Qlemi Wmiqì jc Bqnki~ knw`nwwlk {ml tl{n{njcw jb {j {ligmlqw mj ql{nqlk bqj`Klfmn T|afng Wgmjjf i{ 24 ~liqw iol ick mik gmifflcolk klcnif jb qll`tfj~`lc{ a~ {ml ìciol`lc{#Gn{nco i w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ gnqg|fiq& aj{m {ligmlqw lc{ {j MG iqo|nco {ml ojrlqc`lc{ jqklq mik ìkl n{

ìcki{jq~ bjq wgmjjfw {j jbblq {ml` i hja tjw{ ql{nql`lc{ {nff {ml iol jb 21# Mjlrlq& MG qlhlg{lk {mnwgjc{lc{njc ick ql`ncklk {ml {ligmlqw {mi{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ gnqg|fiq ifwj ncgf|klk i qnklq& ci`lf~& {ml qll`tfj~`lc{ jbblq nw w|ahlg{ {j gicknki{lw gfliqnco bn{clww w{ickiqkw ick mirnco rnonficgl gfliqicgl# !N{`|w{ al w{i{lk {mi{ {ml tl{n{njclqw mirl cj qnom{ {j qll`tfj~`lc{# [ml~ jcf~ mirl i qnom{ {j algjcwnklqlk ick {ml wgmjjf miw i qnom{ {j klc~ {ml` qll`tfj~`lc{& nb ib{lq gjcwnklqnco {mlnq jrlq ifftlqbjqìcgl iw i {ligmlq& n{ bnckw {ml~ kjc/{ bn{ bjq qll`tfj~`lc{&! MG wink mnfl q|fnco ioincw{ WmiwmnEjmfn ick Gmicklq Tqiami Wjjk# Aj{m Wjjk ick Ejmfn qlfnlk |tjc {ml ojrlqc`lc{ cj{nbngi{njc lrlc iw{ml wgmjjf {jje i w{ick {mi{ {ml jbbngnif jqklq iw cj{ ittfngiafl {j tqnri{l |cinklk wgmjjfw# Nc{lqlw{ncof~&{ml knqlg{jq jb lk|gi{njc ifwj w|ttjq{lk {ml wgmjjf ìciol`lc{ nc n{w w{ick albjql MG ick ioqllk nc n{wgj|c{lq ibbnkirn{ {mi{ tqnri{l wgmjjfw lql cj{ n{mnc {ml t|qrnl jb {mnw cj{nbngi{njc# MG iw gjcrncglk a~{ml wgmjjf ick ojrlqc`lc{/w iqo|`lc{w# N{ ikklk& ![ml ojrlqc`lc{ cj{nbngi{njc kjlwc/{ wi~ {mi{ {ml FO nwtfliwlk {j iffj i|{jì{ng qll`tfj~`lc{ jb iff ql{nqnco {ligmlqw |t {j TO[ flrlf& a|{ n{ ojlw jc {j wi~{mi{ w|gm qll`tfj~`lc{ nw w|ahlg{ {j bn{clww ick rnonficgl gfliqicgl# Bn{clww kjlwc/{ `lic tm~wngif

bn{clww ifjcl& a|{ n{ ifwj ncgf|klw tqjblwwnjcif gjck|g{ qltjq{# _mi{ cllkw {j al l}i`nclk nw ml{mlq i{ligmlq nw w|n{iafl bjq qll`tfj~`lc{ jc ic~ oqj|ck# [ml jcf~ qnom{ tl{n{njclqw gic gfin` nw {ml qnom{ {j algjcwnklqlk bjq l}{lcwnjc&! {ml gj|q{ wtlgnbnlk# -[JN& 41*4<*1499.

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@i~ 9& iw clglwwn{i{lk nc {ml iel jb gmicolk nc{lqcif wlg|qn{~ lcrnqjc`lc{ ick fiqol b|ck bfj ick{ml flonwfi{njc j|fk tqlrlc{ !tjlqw! mngm ic{ {j |wl bjqlnoc b|ckw {j knrnkl {ml gj|c{q~ jc !qlfnonj|waiwnw!# Iggjqknco {j ojrlqc`lc{ lw{nì{lw& {mlql lql jrlq ;4&444 jqoicnwi{njcw qlglnrnco bjqlnocgjc{qna|{njc nc {ml gj|c{q~ j|{ jb mngm jcf~ 9=&444 qltjq{ {ml ncbfj jb b|ckw ick w|a`n{ {mlnq iggj|c{w#Iw {ml anff iw cj{nbnlk jc @i~ 9& n{ nff lcw|ql {mi{ lrlq~ bnrl ~liqw {ml jqoicnwi{njcw qlcl {mlnqqlonw{qi{njc wj {mi{ {ml kjqìc{ jclw gic al llklk j|{# [ml aicew ifwj mirl allc aqj|om{ |cklq {mliàn{ jb {ml ig{ ick lrlq~ aice jq i|{mjqnwlk tlqwjc nc bjqlnoc l}gmicol wmiff qltjq{ {j w|gm i|{mjqn{~tqlwgqnalk i`j|c{ jb bjqlnoc ql`n{{icgl ick {ml wj|qgl ick ìcclq nc mngm {ml bjqlnoc ql`n{{icgl iwqlglnrlk# Ic~ jqoicnwi{njcw qlglnrnco b|ckw jrlq Qw94 fiem& {ml aice nff n``lkni{lf~ ncbjq` {mlojrlqc`lc{ {j lciafl {ml iolcgnlw {j !{qige! {ml b|ckw# Iw tlq {ml ig{& cj bjqlnoc gjc{qna|{njc wmiff aligglt{lk a~ ic~ tjfn{ngif gicknki{l bjq lflg{njc5 `làlq jb ic~ flonwfi{|ql& tjfn{ngif tiq{~ jq jbbnglaliqlq{mlqljb ick jqoicnwi{njc jb i tjfn{ngif ci{|ql iw ì~ al wtlgnbnlk# Jqoicnwi{njcw n{m bng{n{nj|w jq alci`niggj|c{w& mirl nck|folk nc gjcrlqwnjcw knqlg{f~ jq ncknqlg{f~& gqli{lk gj``|cif {lcwnjc& w|ttjq{lkwlkn{njc jq mirl knrlq{lk b|ckw liqfnlq j|fk al aiqqlk bqj` qlglnrnco bjqlnoc gjc{qna|{njcw# [ml anff mngmmiw qltfiglk {ml BGQI 9>?2 iw in`lk i{ qlo|fi{nco {ml igglt{icgl& |{nfnwi{njc ick iggj|c{nco jbbjqlnoc gjc{qna|{njcw ick igglt{icgl jb bjqlnoc mjwtn{ifn{~ a~ i tlqwjc jq ic jqoicnwi{njc# \cklq {ml clIg{& i tlqwjc oqic{lk tqnjq tlq`nwwnjc {j qlglnrl bjqlnoc gjc{qna|{njc wmiff |{nfnwl n{ bjq {ml t|qtjwlw bjqmngm n{ miw allc qlglnrlk& n{ giccj{ al |wlk bjq wtlg|fi{nrl a|wnclww5 cj{ |wl `jql {mic <4 tlq glc{ jbn{w qlglnrlk bjq ik`ncnw{qi{nrl t|qtjwlw# [ml COJ ick ncknrnk|ifw nff mirl {j w|a`n{ {mlnq iggj|c{w nc{n`l binfnco mngm ig{njc j|fk al {ielc ioincw{ {ml`# -KCI& 41*4<*1499.

KOGI klgnwnjc {j ellt nc ial~icgl gnqg|fiq |tmlfk[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [|lwki~ |tmlfk {ml klgnwnjc jb {ml Knqlg{jqOlclqif jb Gnrnf Irni{njc -KOGI. {jellt nc ial~icgl {ml 144? gnqg|fiq jc Gnrnf Irni{njc Qly|nql`lc{w -GIQ. jc Bfnom{ [n`l -B[. ick Bfnom{K|{~ [n`l Fn`n{i{njc -BK[F. bjq tnfj{w jb {ml lqw{mnfl Ncknic Inqfnclw# [ml GIQ gnqg|fiq& nww|lk nc 144?&iw elt{ nc ial~icgl a~ i @i~ 1>& 144= gnqg|fiq# A~ i w|awly|lc{ jqklq jb H|cl 1& 144=& {ml liqfnlqwgml`l& ING 1=*>1& iw qlrnrlk# [ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ knw`nwwlk i qn{ tl{n{njc bnflk a~ {ml Hjnc{Ig{njc Gj``n{{ll jb Inqfnclw Tnfj{w Iwwjgni{njcw jb Nckni gmifflconco {ml KOGI jqklq ick {ml tqlwlc{ittlif iw ioincw{ {mnw h|ko`lc{# Knw`nwwnco {ml ittlif& i Alcgm jb H|w{nglw T# Wi{miwnri` ick A#W#Gmi|mic tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ ib{lq elltnco {ml GIQ gnqg|fiq 144? nc ial~icgl& ic l}tlq{ gj``n{{ll iwgjcw{n{|{lk& mngm mlfk c|àlq jb `ll{ncow n{m riqnj|w w{ielmjfklqw ick {ml bncif qltjq{ iw w|a`n{{lk{j {ml ojrlqc`lc{ nc Wlt{làlq 1494# _qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{& H|w{ngl Gmi|mic wink8 ‖[ml ojrlqc`lc{ miwigglt{lk {ml BK[F Gj``n{{ll qltjq{ ick ikrnwlk {ml KOGI {j nww|l kqib{ GIQ bjq gjcw|f{i{njc ick {ml

wi`l miw allc t|{ jc {ml KOGI lawn{l ncrn{nco gj``lc{w jq jahlg{njcw n{mnc 74 ki~w#‐ [ml Alcgmwink8 ‖N{ nw i y|lw{njc jb gmifflconco {ml t|afng tjfng~ ick n{ nw lff wl{{flk {mi{ t|afng i|{mjqn{nlw `|w{ alonrlc i rlq~ fjco qjtl& b|ff bqllkj` ick b|ff fnalq{~ nc bqi`nco tjfngnlw& {mj|om {ml knwgql{njc jb {mli|{mjqn{nlw giccj{ al iawjf|{l ick |cy|ifnbnlk& |cbl{{lqlk jq |cgicifnwlk# [ml wi`l gic al {ml w|ahlg{ì{{lq jb h|kngnif wgq|{nc~ jcf~ nc l}glt{njcif gnqg|`w{icglw mlql n{ gic al wmjc {j al iqan{qiq~&|cqliwjciafl jq rnjfi{nrl jb {ml w{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjcw#‐ [ml Alcgm iw jb {ml rnl {mi{ gj|q{w lql cj{lffly|nttlk {j klif n{m {lgmcngif ì{{lqw& tiq{ng|fiqf~& mlql {ml klgnwnjcw lql aiwlk jc m~tlq{lgmcngif nww|lw# ‖L}lg|{nrl ncw{q|g{njcw& mngm iql nww|lk bjq o|nkicgl ick {j n`tfl`lc{ {ml wgml`l jb{ml Ig{ ick kj cj{ mirl {ml bjqgl jb fi& gic al nww|lk a~ {ml gj`tl{lc{ i|{mjqn{~ ick if{lqlk& qltfiglkick w|aw{n{|{lk i{ ic~ {n`l# [ml gj|q{ ì~ cj{ al iafl {j gjcwnklq gj`tl{nco gfin`w ick gjcbfng{nconc{lqlw{w ick gjcgf|kl jc mngm i~ {ml aificgl {nf{w#‐ [ml mjfl l}lqgnwl iw kjcl {j aqnco i cl GIQnc{j l}nw{lcgl bjq mngm {ml tqjglww mik ifqlik~ allc ncn{ni{lk# ‖I cl GIQ nw fnelf~ {j gj`l nc{jl}nw{lcgl rlq~ wmjq{f~# Iw {ml tqjglww {j aqnco cl GIQ nc l}nw{lcgl nw ojnco jc& {ml wi`l wmj|fk al

gjcgf|klk l}tlkn{nj|wf~ nc iggjqkicgl n{m fi&‐ {ml Alcgm wink ick knw`nwwlk {ml ittlif# -Mnck|&4;*4<*1499.

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a~ {ml Gj``nwwnjclq jb Ncgj`l [i}N& Gmlccin ioincw{ Itjffj Mjwtn{if Lc{lqtqnwlw# [ml h|kolw mlfk {mi{{ml mjwtn{if iw lc{n{flk {j ncrlw{`lc{ iffjicgl jb Qw#;9#27 fiem bjq iwwlww`lc{ ~liq 9>=>>4# Ncn{niff~&ic iwwlwwnco jbbnglq mik qlhlg{lk {ml mjwtn{if/w gfin` jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ n{ iw cj{ lcoiolk nc {mlìc|big{|ql jq tqjk|g{njc jb ic~ ‖iq{ngfl jq {mnco&‐ mngm nw i tqlqly|nwn{l bjq oqic{ jb ncrlw{`lc{iffjicgl# [ml jbbnglq/w klgnwnjc iw qlrlqwlk a~ {ml Gj``nwwnjclq jb Ncgj`l [i} -Ittlifw.#[mlqlib{lq& {ml Ncgj`l [i} Ittlffi{l [qna|cif {jj mlfk nc birj|q jb {ml mjwtn{if ick mlcgl {ml tqlwlc{giwl# _qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{ bjq {ml Alcgm& @q# H|w{ngl Hiciq{mici Qihi wink8 ‖[lgmcjfjongifikricgl`lc{w mirl n`tqjrlk m|ìc fnbl• [ml~ fnb{ {ml rlnf ick knwgfjwl wj`l{mnco mngm miw allc|cwllc jq kn`f~ wllc# _l giccj{ nocjql {ml tqjoqlww jb wgnlc{nbng ick {lgmcngif ecjflkol# @jklqcmjwtn{ifw q|c n{m iff {ml {lgmcngif bignfn{nlw# [mlqlbjql& {ml iajrl `lc{njclk ncw{q|`lc{w ncw{ifflk nc {mliwwlwwll/w tql`nwlw glq{incf~ tqjk|gl ”{mncow/ iw gjc{l`tfi{lk nc Wlg{njc 71I jb {ml Ncgj`l [i} Ig{#‐Ml ifwj tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ Mnom Gj|q{w jb Qihiw{mic& Elqifi& O|hiqi{& Oi|mi{n& T|chia ick Miq~ici&Ickmqi Tqiklwm& Ti{ci ick Iffimiaik mik mlfk nc birj|q jb mjwtn{ifw mnfl klifnco n{m wn`nfiq nww|lw#Jcf~ {ml Klfmn ick Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{w mik {ielc i gjc{qiq~ rnl# Nc kl{inf8 [ml Qihiw{mic Mnom Gj|q{/w h|ko`lc{ nc {ml [qncn{~ Mjwtn{if giwl nc 9>>? mik klif{ n{m nww|l nc kl{inf# ‖N{ nw {q|l {mi{ {mlwl ìgmnclwkj cj{ ìc|big{|ql ic~ iq{ngfl ick tqjk|gl jcf~ tmj{joqitmw jb {ml nc{lqcif tiq{w jb {ml ajk~•Ik`n{{lkf~& {mlwl tmj{joqitmw iql cj{ iq{ngflw a|{ ml{mlq {ml~ iql {mncow: Iggjqknco {j _law{lq/wkng{njciq~& {ml `licnco jb {ml jqk ”{mnco/ nw {ml tqjk|g{ jb i jqe jq ic ig{nrn{~# [ml tmj{joqitmw jbriqnj|w tiq{w jb {ml ajk~ ja{inclk a~ {mlwl ìgmnclw iql {ml qlw|f{ic{ tqjk|g{ jb {ml jqe jq ig{nrn{~#‖[ml~ iql {ml lckw ick qlw|f{ jb lbbjq{w ick ig{nrn{nlw ick onrl qlw|f{ nc afige ick mn{l qloiqknco {ml

nc{lqcif tjwn{njc jb {ml tiq{w jb {ml ajk~ ick iql mlftb|f bjq tqjtlq ick lbbngnlc{ kniocjwnw# [mltmj{joqitmw jq {ml oqitmw ja{inclk bqj` {mlwl ìgmnclw& mngm iql {ml qlw|f{ jb lbbjq{w jq ig{nrn{~&{mlqlbjql& gic al wink {j al ”{mncow/ iw |wlk nc Wlg{njc 71I jb {ml Ig{&‐ {ml Qihiw{mic Mnom Gj|q{ mikwink# -Mnck|& 42*4<*1499.

Onb{ jb tqjtlq{~ a~ i @|wfn` cllk cj{ al qlonw{lqlk8 WGI onb{ jb n``jriafl tqjtlq{~ ìkl a~ i @|wfn` nw rifnk lrlc nb n{ nw cj{ qlonw{lqlk |cklq {ml [qicwblq jbTqjtlq{~ Ig{ jq {ml W{i`tw ick Qlonw{qi{njc Ig{& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ {jki~ q|flk# [ml itl} gj|q{ wink{mj|om {ml [T Ig{ ìcki{lw qlonw{qi{njc jb i onb{& {ml wi`l j|fk cj{ ittf~ {j i @|wfn` kjcjq iw {mlgj``|cn{~ miw allc l}l`t{lk bqj` {ml tqjrnwnjc# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw Q @ Fjkmi ick W W Cnhhiq nc i h|kol`lc{ y|iwmlk i q|fnco jb {ml Ickmqi Tqiklwm Mnom Gj|q{ {mi{ {ml tqjtlq{~ onb{lk a~ fi{l WmineKijjk {j jcl jb mnw wjcw @jmi``lk îe|a iw cj{ rifnk iw n{ iw cj{ qlonw{lqlk |cklq {ml fi# [mlalcgm wink {ml {mqll lwwlc{nifw jb i onb{ |cklq @jmi`ìkic Fi iql -n. klgfiqi{njc jb {ml onb{ a~ {ml

kjcjq -1. igglt{icgl jb {ml onb{ a~ {ml kjcll ick -7. klfnrlq~ jb tjwwlwwnjc# ![mj|om {ml q|flw jb@jmi`ìkic Fi kj cj{ ìel qn{nco lwwlc{nif {j {ml rifnkn{~ jb i onb{& ic jqif onb{ b|fbnffnco iff {ml {mqlllwwlc{nifw ìel {ml onb{ gj`tfl{l ick nqqlrjgiafl# Mjlrlq& {ml kjcjq ì~ qlgjqk {ml {qicwig{njc jb onb{nc qn{nco# -`jql. Ikw a~ Ojjofl Wi`|qin Iq`jqw NcW{jge ^jqjn Iq`jqw ick Eia|{j Mlf`l{ L}tqlwwKlfnrlq~ bqj` Hitic)wi`|qinw{jql#gj` !Nc j|q jtncnjc& `lqlf~ algi|wl {ml onb{ nw qlk|glk {j qn{nco a~ i@jmi`ìkic ncw{lik jb n{ mirnco allc ìkl jqiff~& w|gm qn{nco kjlw cj{ algj`l i bjqìf kjg|`lc{ jqncw{q|`lc{ jb onb{# !_mlc i onb{ gj|fk al ìkl a~ @jmi`ìkic jqiff~& n{w ci{|ql ick gmiqig{lq nw cj{gmicolk algi|wl jb n{ mirnco allc ìkl a~ i qn{{lc kjg|`lc{# _mi{ nw n`tjq{ic{ bjq i rifnk onb{ |cklq@jmi`ìkic Fi nw {mi{ {mqll lwwlc{nif qly|nwn{lw `|w{ al b|fbnfflk&! H|w{ngl Fjkmi qn{nco {ml h|kol`lc{ wink# [ml itl} gj|q{ tiwwlk {ml h|kol`lc{ mnfl |tmjfknco {ml ittlif bnflk a~ îe|agmifflconco {ml Mnom Gj|q{/w q|fnco mngm mik wl{ iwnkl i Rnwiemiti{ci` {qnif gj|q{ klgqll {mi{ cj w|gmqlonw{lqi{njc iw qly|nqlk# Nc {ml ncw{ic{ giwl& Wminem Kijjk mik onb{lk -mnai. mnw tqjtlq{nlw {j jcl jbmnw wjcw îe|a jc Blaq|iq~ <& 9>2=& a~ i~ jb ic |cqlonw{lqlk qn{{lc kjg|`lc{# [ml rifnkn{~ jb {ml onb{

iw gmifflcolk a~ mnw j{mlq wjc Wminem Biqnk ick bi`nf~ `làlqw# [mj|om {ml {qnif gj|q{ qlhlg{lk {mlnqtfli& {ml Mnom Gj|q{ {jje {ml gjc{qiq~ rnl {mi{ {ml onb{ iw ncrifnk iw n{ iw cj{ qlonw{lqlk# Iooqnlrlkîe|a ittliflk nc {ml itl} gj|q{# -NL& 42*4<*1499.

Klaiqqnco fi~lqw nc fiaj|q& bi`nf~ gj|q{w ”tqnì bignl |cgjcw{n{|{njcif/[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc Bqnki~ nww|lk cj{ngl {j I{{jqcl~Olclqif O#L# Rimicri{n jc i tl{n{njc gmifflconco{ml tqjrnwnjcw nc {ml Nck|w{qnif Knwt|{lw Ig{ ick {ml Bi`nf~ Gj|q{w Ig{ klaiqqnco fi~lqw bqj` ittliqnconc nck|w{qnif {qna|cif ick bi`nf~ gj|q{w# I Alcgm jb H|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqi wink{mi{ tqnì bignl Wlg{njc 72 -;. jb {ml NK Ig{ -mngm wi~w i tiq{~ {j i knwt|{l ì~ al qltqlwlc{lk a~ ifloif tqig{n{njclq n{m {ml gjcwlc{ jb {ml j{mlq tiq{nlw {j {ml tqjgllkncow ick n{m {ml flirl jb {ml fiaj|q



gj|q{& {qna|cif jq ci{njcif {qna|cif& iw {ml giwl ì~ al.& klaiqqnco fi~lqw bqj` ittliqnco albjql {mlfiaj|q gj|q{*nck|w{qnif {qna|cif& iw |cgjcw{n{|{njcif alnco rnjfi{nrl jb Iq{ngflw 9; ick 9>-9.-o.# ‖[mnw nwalgi|wl nck|w{qnif fi miw algj`l wj gj`tfl} {mi{ i fi~ìc giccj{ tjwwnaf~ tqlwlc{ mnw giwl tqjtlqf~albjql {ml fiaj|q gj|q{*nck|w{qnif {qna|cif# Wn`nfiqf~& Wlg{njc 97 jb {ml Bi`nf~ Gj|q{w Ig{& 9>=; klaiqqncofi~lqw bqj` ittliqnco albjql bi`nf~ gj|q{w ittliqw {j |w& tqnì bignl& {j al |cgjcw{n{|{njcif algi|wlbi`nf~ fi miw algj`l wj gj`tfl} {mi{ ic jqknciq~ fi~ìc giccj{ tjwwnaf~ al l}tlg{lk {j t|{ |t mnw*mlqgiwl tqjtlqf~ albjql {ml bi`nf~ gj|q{w# Mlcgl {j klaiq fi~lqw nff qliff~ al klc~nco h|w{ngl {j `nffnjcw jbtljtfl# _l iql l}ticknco {ml wgjtl jb {mnw wtlgnif flirl tl{n{njc w|j `j{| a~ ikknco {ml oqj|ckgmifflconco {ml rifnkn{~ jb Wlg{njc 97 jb {ml Bi`nf~ Gj|q{w Ig{#‐ [ml Alcgm iwelk {ml I{{jqcl~Olclqif {jbnfl mnw qlwtjcwl# N{ iwelk wlcnjq ikrjgi{l Bifn Ciqnìc {j iwwnw{ {ml gj|q{ iw i`ng|w g|qnil# Nc {mnw giwl&M~onlcng Bjjkw gmifflcolk i h|ko`lc{ jb {ml T|chia ick Miq~ici Mnom Gj|q{ mjfknco {mi{ i fi~lq gj|fkcj{ ittliq albjql i fiaj|q gj|q{*nck|w{qnif {qna|cif |cklq {ml NK Ig{ n{mj|{ {ml gjcwlc{ jb {ml jqeìcick flirl jb {ml gj|q{ nc rnl jb Wlg{njc 72-;.# [ml Alcgm w|j `j{| ikklk bjq gmifflcol Wlg{njc 97 jb{ml Bi`nf~ Gj|q{w Ig{# B|q{mlq mliqnco nw tjw{lk {j H|f~ 91# -Mnck|& 4?*4<*1499.

Gj|q{ |tmjfkw ”{ifiy/ onrlc {mqj|om iolc{I Klfmn gj|q{ miw |tmlfk {ml rifnkn{~ jb knrjqgl onrlc a~ i Wmni @|wfn` {j mnw nbl {mqj|om icj{mlq ìcittjnc{lk a~ mn` iw mnw iolc{ {j tqjcj|cgl {ml jqk {ifiy nc Iqiang iw ml mn`wlfb gj|fk cj{ wtlie {mlfico|iol# Ikkn{njcif Knw{qng{ H|kol Qll{lwm Wncom |tmlfk {ml floifn{~ jb {ml knrjqgl onrlc a~ WianqM|wwinc& wi~nco {mi{ Wmni @|wfn` tlqwjcif fi iffjw i ìc& |ciafl {j wtlie Iqiang& {j ittjnc{ ic iolc{

jc mnw almifb {j tqjcj|cgl {ml jqk {ifiy# ‖Qlwtjcklc{ Wianq M|wwinc miw k|f~ tqjrlk {mi{ ml mikja{inclk knrjqgl ioincw{ {ml ittlffic{ -@|`{ix. iw tqlwgqnalk |cklq Wmni @|wfn` Fi&‐ {ml h|kol wink#[ml h|kol oirl mnw rlqkng{ knw`nwwnco {ml tfli jb Wianq„w nbl @|`{ix& mj mik gjc{lcklk {mi{ {j wlg|qlknrjqgl |cklq {ml Wmni @|wfn` Fi& {ifiy wmj|fk al tqjcj|cglk jcf~ nc Iqiang a~ {ml m|waick mn`wlfbmnfl mlq m|waick Wianq gj|fk cj{ wtlie Iqiang# [ml gj|q{ wink {mi{ lrlc iw Wianq gj|fk cj{ wtlieIqiang& ml& iw tlq {ml fi& mik lcoiolk {ml wlqrnglw jb ic iolc{ lff rlqwlk nc Iqiang fico|iol {jtqjcj|cgl {ifiy jc mnw almifb# Wianq iw ìqqnlk {j @|`{ix nc 9>>1# Aj{m lql qlwnknco nc Aqim`t|qn nccjq{mliw{ Klfmn ick mirl {j wjcw ick i ki|om{lq# Nc 144<& Wianq knrjqglk @|`{ix ifflonco {mi{ wml{qli{lk mn` gq|lff~ ick elt{ giffnco tjfngl mnfl ìenco ajo|w iffloi{njcw ioincw{ mn` ick mnw bi`nf~# Iglq{nbngi{l jb knrjqgl iw nww|lk a~ @icwiani Iqiang Gjfflol& @llq|{ nc \{{iq Tqiklwm# @|`{ix `jrlk{ml {qnif gj|q{ gjc{lcknco {mi{ wncgl cj cj{ngl iw wlqrlk nc{nì{nco mlq jb {ml knrjqgl& {ml wi`l iw cj{rifnk |cklq {ml @|wfn` Wmni fi# -Tnjcllq& 4>*4<*1499.

[j @T h|kolw w|wtlcklk[j h|kolw nc @ikm~i Tqiklwm& jcl jb {ml` bignco gqn`ncif gmiqolw& mirl allc w|wtlcklk& i {jt @TMnom Gj|q{ jbbngnif wink jc W|cki~# Wtlgnif H|kol jb Wnkmn JT W|ciqn~i ick Ikkn{njcif Knw{qng{ H|kol jbQimlfn nc Wioiq knw{qng{ WW Tiqìq mirl allc w|wtlcklk n{m n``lkni{l lbblg{& ml wink# W|ciqn~i iww|wtlcklk bjq iiqknco jcf~ {mqll`jc{m hinf {lq` {j ic igg|wlk nc i qitl giwl ncw{lik jb {ml `ncn`|`t|cnwm`lc{ jb wlrlc ~liqw nc tqnwjc& MG Tqncgntif Qlonw{qiq -Ncwtlg{njc ick Rnonficgl. EK Emic {jfk`lknitlqwjcw mnfl Tiqìq miw allc w|wtlcklk iw ml nw jcl jb 71 igg|wlk ci`lk nc i gmiqol wmll{bnflk a~ {ml \{{iq Tqiklwm Tjfngl nc Hmicwn knw{qng{ gj|q{ nc i gqn`ncif giwl& ml ikklk# [ml Mnom Gj|q{ {jje{ml klgnwnjc {j w|wtlck {ml k|j i{ i `ll{nco mlfk qlglc{f~# [ml w|wtlcwnjc jqklq miw allc wlqrlk jc{ml`& Emic wink# I kltiq{`lc{if lcy|nq~ -KL. j|fk wjjc al ncn{ni{lk ioincw{ W|ciqn~i# Jc {ml j{mlqmick& {mlql iw cj cllk {j mjfk i tqjal ioincw{ Tiqìq iw& iggjqknco {j wlqrngl q|flw& n{ nw ìcki{jq~ {jw|wtlck i w{ibblq mjwl ci`l bno|qlw nc i gmiqol wmll{ nc i gqn`ncif giwl& jbbngnifw wink# W|ciqn~i miwallc wmnb{lk {j Qli knw{qng{ gj|q{ ick Tiqìq {j Oifnjq knw{qng{ gj|q{ k|qnco {ml w|wtlcwnjc tlqnjk& {ml~

ikklk# -Tnjcllq& 4>*4<*1499.

Aiwlflww ncbnklfn{~ gmiqol nw gq|lf{~8 MG@\@AIN8 @ienco aiwlflww iffloi{njcw jb ik|f{lq~ ioincw{ nbl nw `lc{if gq|lf{~& {ml Ajài~ MG winkmnfl mjfknco i @|àin qlwnklc{ o|nf{~# H|w{ngl I Q Hjwmn oirl {ml m|waick ic jt{njc5 ti~ Qw 9 fiem iwgj`tlcwi{njc jq oj {j hinf# !Nc rnl jb lrnklcgl ick {ml iffloi{njcw ìkl ioincw{ {ml gmiqig{lq jb -{mlnbl.& klbncn{lf~ n{ nw i giwl nc mngm {mlql iw i `lc{if gq|lf{~ tqig{nwlk jc -mlq.&! wink {ml h|kol# CnflwmGmi|mic/w tfli {j qlfliwl mn` jc i ajck jb ojjk gjck|g{ iw qlhlg{lk a~ {ml gj|q{& wi~nco kjnco wjj|fk al !`nwtfiglk w~`ti{m~!# Gmi|mic ick Wmllfi ìqqnlk nc 1441# A|{ wjjc& {ml~ y|iqqlfflk iwGmi|mic igg|wlk mlq jb mirnco nffngn{ qlfi{njcw# Wml fi{lq bnflk i kjq~ gj`tfinc{# -[JN& 4>*4<*1499.



@jql {mic ;7&444 giwlw wl{{flk nc fje ikifi{wCL_ KLFMN8 @jql {mic ;7&444 giwlw mngm lql tlcknco nc riqnj|w gj|q{w nc {ml gitn{if lql jcW|cki~ i`ngiaf~ wl{{flk nc fje ikifi{w jqoicnxlk a~ Klfmn Floif Wlqrnglw I|{mjqn{~ -KFWI.# [ml fjeikifi{w& jqoicnwlk nc iff {ml wn} knw{qng{ gj|q{ gj`tfl}lw& lql tqlwnklk jrlq a~ fjlq gj|q{ h|kolw#Wlrlqif gnrnf ick gqn`ncif giwlw& mngm lql qlblqqlk {j {ml fje ikifi{w a~ qlo|fiq gj|q{w& lql {ielc |tbjq mliqnco {j bignfn{i{l wl{{fl`lc{# Alwnklw {mlwl giwlw& iw ìc~ iw 9#1; fiem {qibbng gmifficw lql ifwjknwtjwlk jb a~ {ml gj|q{w# ![ml gj|q{w wi i qlk|g{njc nc {ml c|àlq jb tlcknco giwlw a~ ;7&144 nc {mlknw{qng{ gj|q{w# Fje ikifi{w lql jqoicnxlk cj{ jcf~ bjq gmly|l aj|cgl giwlw a|{ ifwj bjq @IG[& Fiaj|qIg{& Gnrnf Qlgjrlq~& lflg{qngn{~ ì{{lqw ick ì{qn`jcnif giwlw bjq mngm cj{nglw bjq wl{{fl`lc{ mik allcnww|lk&! wink Knornci~ Wncom& tqlwnknco jbbnglq& KFWI# J|{ jb {ml wl{{flk giwlw& >1 giwlw jb @IG[ lqlwl{{flk ick i {j{if i`j|c{ jb Qw 9#=< gqjql iw iiqklk a~ {ml gj|q{w# [ml gj|q{w ifwj knwtjwlk jb ;;?giwlw a~ i~ jb Tfli Aiqoincnco# [ml fje ikifi{w lql mlfk |cklq {ml o|nkicgl jb Gmnlb H|w{ngl jb mnomgj|q{ H|w{ngl Kntie @nwqi# Wlrlqif alcgmlw lql gjcw{n{|{lk nc iff {ml wn} gj|q{ gj`tfl}lw {j knwtjwl jb{ml giwlw# I {j{if jb 7>&444 giwlw lql n{mkqic a~ {ml NGNGN Aice ick 1&>44 giwlw lql n{mkqic a~j{mlq aicew ick bncicgnif ncw{n{|{njcw nc gjcclg{njc n{m {ml gmly|l aj|cgl giwlw# [ml h|kolw iffjlk{ml aice ncw{n{|{njcw {j n{mkqi {mlwl giwlw ib{lq {ml~ lql cj{ bj|ck bn{ bjq gjc{nc|i{njc# -[JN&4>*4<*1499.

Tiq{nlw& `lkni bigl w{qng{ BGQI cjq`w

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W|tql`l Gj|q{ knqlg{w ig{njc ioincw{ Ikkn{njcif Knw{qng{ H|kol[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw knqlg{lk ig{njc ioincw{ ic ikkn{njcif knw{qng{ h|kol& Iqgmici Wncmi& tjw{lk ncKlfmn& bjq klb~nco n{w jqklq& ib{lq qlhlg{nco mlq qltli{lk tfliw bjq ”`lqg~„# Wncmi iw tqlwlc{ nc {ml gj|q{#[ml itl} gj|q{ mik knqlg{lk {ml lrng{njc jb i {lcic{ gmiqn{iafl jqoicnwi{njc a|{ Wncmi w{i~lk {ml lrng{njctqjgllkncow# Wml jrlqqj{l {ml WG„w jqklq# ‖J|q mlikw mico nc wmi`l‐& i alcgm jb h|w{nglw @iqeickl~Ei{h| ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqi wink& mnfl wfi``nco {ml IKH# Wncmi mik {lcklqlk ic |cgjckn{njcif itjfjo~nc {ml jtlc gj|q{ a|{ {ml h|kolw blf{ n{ iw {n`l {j wlck i ‖w{lqc `lwwiol‐ igqjww {ml gj|c{q~ ioincw{‖oqjnco gjqq|t{njc nc {ml w|ajqknci{l h|kngniq~‐# ‖Iqgmici Wncmi mik cj a|wnclww {j klb~ j|q jqklq ickwml miw algj`l i w|tlq W|tql`l Gj|q{&‐ ic ico|nwmlk gj|q{ wink& knwqloiqknco fi~lq Hi~ic{Am|wmic„w tfli wllenco `lqg~ bjq Wncmi# Liqfnlq jc Cjrlàlq 1494& h|w{ngl Ei{h| ick @nwqi mik afiw{lk{ml Iffimiaik Mnom Gj|q{& n{m {ml bjq`lq wi~nco& ‖Wj`l{mnco nw qj{{lc nc {ml W{i{l jb Klcìqe& wink

Wmielwtliql nc Mi`fl{& ick n{ gic wn`nfiqf~ al wink wj`l{mnco nw qj{{lc nc {ml Iffimiaik Mnom Gj|q{& iw{mnw giwl nff|w{qi{lw#‐ -KCI clw& 99*4<*1499.

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tl{n{njc ick ncw{lik tqjgllklk& nc {ml cl}{ 9; ~liqw& {j tqjwlg|{l {ml igg|wlk |cklq NTG Wlg{njcw 74; I&772 -ig{ lckicolqnco fnbl jq tlqwjcif wibl{~ jb j{mlqw. ick 77? ick 77= -gi|wnco m|q{*oqnlrj|w m|q{. qlikn{m Wlg{njc 7< -gqn`ncif ecjflkol jq nc{lc{njc.# [ml GAN bnflk ic ittlif albjql {ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{ bjqlcmicgl`lc{ jb {ml gmiqolw ick {ml W{i{l ifwj bnflk i qlrnwnjc ioincw{ {ml ìonw{qi{l/w jqklq iiqknco i{j~liq wlc{lcgl# Nc {mlwl tlcknco ittlifw ‖{ml floif tjwn{njc nw gjqqlg{f~ w{i{lk&‐ {ml GHN wink# A|{ {ml‖g|qi{nrl tl{n{njcw iql aiwlk jc i tfli {mi{ nw qjco ick biffignj|w# Jcl jb {ml ìnc tficew jb {ml g|qi{nrltl{n{njcw nw {mi{ lrlc {mj|om nc {ml gj|qwl jb {qnif albjql {ml ìonw{qi{l& ikkn{njcif lrnklcgl miw gj`l jcqlgjqk {mi{ b|ff~ iqqic{w {ml bqi`nco jb mnomlq gmiqolw ick {ml {qnif jb {ml igg|wlk jc {mjwl mnomlqgmiqolw& iw fjco iw {ml 9>>2 h|ko`lc{ w{ickw {ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{ j|fk bllf mlftflww nc bqi`nco ic~mnomlq gmiqol#‐ [ml Alcgm wink {mi{ nb& iggjqknco {j {ml GAN& {ml ìonw{qi{l mik binflk {j ittqlgni{l {mlgjqqlg{ floif tjwn{njc ick `nwqlik {ml Wlt{làlq 97& 9>>2 klgnwnjc iw {~nco mnw mickw bqj` l}lqgnwnco{ml tjlq |cklq Wlg{njc 717 jq 192 jb {ml Gq#TG n{ gj|fk glq{incf~ al gjqqlg{lk a~ {mlittlffi{l*qlrnwnjcif gj|q{# Jc {ml cnom{ jb Klglàlq 1& 9>=;& {mlql iw i ìwwnrl lwgitl jb fl{mif oiwbqj` {ml `l{m~f nwjg~ici{l w{jqiol {ice nc Amjtif tfic{ nc{j {ml i{`jwtmlql& gi|wnco {ml kli{m jb <&1><tljtfl ick flirnco <&2=&1>1 j{mlqw n{m knbblqlc{ enckw jb nch|qnlw qiconco bqj` tlqìclc{ {j{ifknwiafl`lc{ {j flww wlqnj|w tqjafl`w# [ml igg|wlk& j{mlq {mic _iqqlc Icklqwjc -mj iw gminqìc ickGLJ jb \cnjc Giqankl mlc {ml iggnklc{ jgg|qqlk.& gmifflcolk nc {ml @ikm~i Tqiklwm Mnom Gj|q{ {mlbqi`nco jb gmiqolw a~ {ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{# Ib{lq {mlnq tfli iw knw`nwwlk& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ nc 9>>2y|iwmlk {ml gmiqol jb g|ftiafl mj`ngnkl cj{ i`j|c{nco {j `|qklq# -Mnck|& 91*4<*1499.

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Jqnonciff~& {ml `jcl{iq~ fn`n{ wtlgnbnlk iw jcf~ Qw <&444 a|{ k|l {j gjcwnklqiafl klgqliwl nc `jcl~rif|l ick {j tqj{lg{ {ml nc{lqlw{ jb {ml tjjq floif mlnqw& lwtlgniff~ nkjw ick `ncjq gmnfkqlc bqj`tqj{qig{lk ick l}tlcwnrl floif ql`lk~& {ml `jcl{iq~ fn`n{ iw lcmicglk {j Qw 9<&444 nc 9>?1& Qw<4&444 nc 9>=7 ick {j fiem nc 9>>># -Tnjcllq& 91*4<*1499.

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w{i{l`lc{w lql& nckllk& ìkl a~ Wicon{i&// qlìqelk {ml gj|q{# [ml gj|q{ tjnc{lk {j ncbnq`n{nlw ncWicon{i/w w{i{l`lc{w8 {ml iawlcgl jb ic lckjqwl`lc{ a~ {ml `lkngif jbbnglq nb wml iw bn{ {j onrl iw{i{l`lc{# Wicon{i/w ki|om{lq mik wink mlq `j{mlq iw gj``|cngi{nco nc olw{|qlw& a|{ ìkl cj `lc{njcjb {ml big{ {mi{ {j k~nco klgfiqi{njcw lql qlgjqklk# ![ml tqjwlg|{njc lrnklcgl iw ncw|bbngnlc{ {jlw{iafnwm {ml gmiqol ioincw{ {ml igg|wlk al~jck qliwjciafl kj|a{# [ml tjwwnanfn{~ jb Wicon{i mirncogj``n{{lk w|ngnkl& iw gfin`lk a~ {ml igg|wlk& giccj{ al q|flk j|{ ick glq{incf~& {mnw iwwlq{njc jb {mligg|wlk nw y|n{l tfi|wnafl&// wink {ml h|kolw mnfl y|iwmnco {ml `|qklq gmiqolw ioincw{ Hikmir ickjqklqnco {mi{ ml al qlfliwlk# -[JN& 91*4<*1499.

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jìc mj ifwj mik {j enkw bqj` mlq bnqw{ ìqqniol# Wml iw i Mnck| albjql mlq fiw{ ìqqniol# [ml~j|co jbbnglq mik `l{ {ml jìc jc ajiqk ibfnom{ {j M~klqiaik bqj` Klfmn# [ml~ oj{ ìqqnlk i{ mnwci{nrl tfigl nc Qihiw{mic# A|{ {ml qlfi{njcwmnt wj|qlk ick {ml NIB jbbnglq wj|om{ knwwjf|{njc jb {mlìqqniol jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ mnw nbl iw i @|wfn` i{ {ml {n`l jb ìqqniol#[ml tfli iw igglt{lk ick {mlìqqniol iw klgfiqlk rjnk# A|{ {ml jìc tqjk|glk lrnklcgl nc i mnomlq gj|q{ {mi{ wml iw i Mnck|albjql mlq bnqw{ ìqqniol ick {m|w {mlql iw cj rnjfi{njc jb {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{# -KCI& 97*4<*1499.

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LWNG bnclk bjq klc~nco ì{lqcn{~ gfin` {j w{ibb[ml gn{~„w knw{qng{ Gjcw|`lq Knwt|{lw Qlkqlwwif Bjq|` miw bnclk {ml L`tfj~llw W{i{l Ncw|qicglGjqtjqi{njc& T|chia ick Gmicknoiqm& bjq klc~nco {ml ì{lqcn{~ flirl gfin` {j ic l`tfj~ll qlonw{lqlk|cklq {ml alclbn{ wgml`l jb {ml gjqtjqi{njc# Iggjqknco {j {ml gj`tfincic{ Rickici jb Wlg{jq ;? jbGmicknoiqm& wml iw jqenco iw w{jql elltlq nc Ikricglk Tlkni{qng Glc{ql -TON@LQ. ick wml iw ifwjqlonw{lqlk |cklq LWNG alclbn{w wgml`l rnkl LWN giqk Cj >;>79>7 wncgl Itqnf 144<# [ml wifiq~ jb {mlgj`tfincic{ iw ncgqliwlk bqj` d<&444 {j d99&41< nc Itqnf 144=& wj wml |wlk {j kltjwn{ mnomlqgjc{qna|{njc n{m {ml gjqtjqi{njc# Fi{lq jc& {ml gj`tfincic{ iw aflwwlk n{m i wjc nc Cjrlàlq 144>#[ml gj`tfincic{ irinflk ì{lqcn{~ flirl bjq bnrl `jc{mw ick ifwj bnflk i ì{lqcn{~ flirl gfin` n{m {mlgjqtjqi{njc# Ib{lqiqkw& wml ifwj qlglnrlk i fl{{lq ki{lk @i~ <& 1494& w{i{nco {mlqlnc {mi{ mlq gfin` mikallc igglt{lk# Ib{lq w|a`n{{nco {ml kjg|`lc{w& wml iw ifwj micklk jrlq i gmly|l bjq d7>&791& a|{w|awly|lc{f~& {ml gjqtjqi{njc iwelk mlq {j mick jrlq {ml gmly|l aige iw wj`l l}{qi i`j|c{ miw allc

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knlk nc i qjik `nwmit# [ml itl} gj|q{ wink n{ iw {ml k|{~ jb {ml rlmngfljclq {j lcw|ql {mi{ n{ iw cj{`nw|wlk jq |wlk nc gjc{qirlc{njc jb {ml q|flw# I alcgm jb H|w{nglw If{iìw Eianq ick G~qnig Hjwltmqlhlg{lk {ml tfli jb {ml jclq Hiimiq Wncom {mi{ {ml `ncjq Hi{nc& mj nw mnw cltml& mik {ielc ii~{ml el~ jb {ml `j{jqg~gfl n{mj|{ mnw ecjflkol ick iw w|gm ml giccj{ al mlfk qlwtjcwnafl# !_l giccj{wm|{ j|q l~lw {j {ml big{ {mi{ n{ iw Hi{nc& mj gi`l jc {ml `j{jqg~gfl ick mn{ {ml wgjj{lq jb {mlklgliwlk bqj` almnck# [ml qlwtjcwnanfn{~ jb gi|wnco {ml iggnklc{ iw& {mlqlbjql& bj|ck {j al wjflf~ {mi{jb Hi{nc# !Mjlrlq& wncgl Hi{nc iw i `ncjq ick n{ iw {ml qlwtjcwnanfn{~ jb {ml tl{n{njclq {j lcw|ql {mi{ mnw`j{jqg~gfl iw cj{ `nw|wlk ick {mi{ {jj a~ i `ncjq mj mik cj fnglcgl {j kqnrl {ml wi`l& {ml @j{jqIggnklc{ Gfin`w [qna|cif y|n{l qnom{f~ wikkflk {ml fnianfn{~ bjq ti~`lc{ jb gj`tlcwi{njc jc {ml tl{n{njclq&!H|w{ngl Eianq qn{nco {ml h|kol`lc{ wink# [ml itl} gj|q{ tiwwlk {ml h|ko`lc{ mnfl knw`nwwnco {ml



ittlif bnflk a~ Wncom mj gmifflcolk {ml gj`tlcwi{njc iiqklk {j {ml klgliwlk/w bi`nf~& bjq mngm mliw mlfk fniafl |cklq !gjc{qna|{jq~ clofnolcgl#! [ml iggnklc{ mik jgg|qlk jc 9={m H|f~& 144;& mlc i`j{jqg~gfl& kqnrlc a~ Hi{nc qi``lk nc{j i wgjj{lq kqnrlc a~ @|elwm Hinc& mj iw iggj`ticnlk a~ mnwwjc& Wmiwmice Hinc& nc {ml tnffnjc cliq WK@„w Jbbngl& Oll{i Gjfjc~& Klfmn# -KCI& 9?*4<*1499.

W|tql`l Gj|q{ c|ffnbnlw wifl kllk ib{lq 24 ~liqw[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw mlfk iw ncrifnk i wifl kllk qlfi{nco {j i `ncjq/w tjq{njc nc i hjnc{ bi`nf~ tqjtlq{~iw n{ iw l}lg|{lk a~ {ml kl big{j o|iqknic nc 9><9& jc almifb jb {ml `ncjq& n{mj|{ gj|q{ tlq`nwwnjc# IAlcgm gj`tqnwnco H|w{nglw H#@# Ticgmif ick O~ic W|kmi @nwqi iffjlk ic ittlif bnflk a~ jclQicoi`ìf ioincw{ i @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{ h|ko`lc{ knw`nwwnco mlq ittfngi{njc nc i w|n{ bnflk a~ mlq nc9>=1 y|lw{njcnco {ml l}lg|{njc jb {ml wifl kllk nc 9><9 n{mj|{ mlq ecjflkol ick n{mj|{ gj|q{tlq`nwwnjc# N{ iw gfin`lk {mi{ {ml wifl jb {ml `ncjq/w tjq{njc iw kjcl nc jqklq {j knwgmiqol {ml kla{mngm {ml klgliwlk `j{mlq jb {ml ittlffic{ ifflolk {j mirl allc jnco {j wj`ljcl# _qn{nco {ml h|ko`lc{& H|w{ngl @nwqi wink8 ‖Nc i w|n{ bjq tiq{n{njc& n{ nw l}tlg{lk jb {ml tfinc{nbb {j ncgf|kl jcf~ {mjwltqjtlq{nlw bjq tiq{n{njc {j mngm {ml bi`nf~ miw gfliq {n{fl ick |ciàno|j|wf~ alfjco {j {ml `làlqw jb {ml hjnc{ bi`nf~ mngm nw wj|om{ {j al tiq{n{njclk#‐ [ml Alcgm mlfk {mi{ nb wj`ljcl lfwl/w tqjtlq{~& `licnco{mlqla~ knwt|{lk tqjtlq{~& iw ncgf|klk nc {ml wgmlk|fl jb {ml w|n{ bjq tiq{n{njc ick {ml wi`l iwgjc{lw{lk a~ i {mnqk tiq{~ mj iw iffjlk {j al n`tfliklk a~ {ml {qnif gj|q{& {ml tfinc{nbb j|fk mirl {jlw{iafnwm {mi{ {ml knwt|{lk tqjtlq{~ alfjcolk {j {ml hjnc{ bi`nf~# [ml Alcgm wink8 ‖_mlc i tlqwjc& ib{lqi{{incnco ìhjqn{~& y|lw{njcw ic~ wifl jb mnw*mlq tqjtlq{~ a~ {ml o|iqknic k|qnco mnw*mlq `ncjqn{~& {ml

a|qklc fnlw jc {ml tlqwjc mj |tmjfkw*iwwlq{w {ml t|qgmiwl cj{ jcf~ {j wmj {mi{ {ml o|iqknic mik {mltjlq {j wlff a|{ b|q{mlq {mi{ {ml mjfl {qicwig{njc iw ajci bnkl#‐ Nc {ml ncw{ic{ giwl& {mj|om {ml wiflkllk iw l}lg|{lk nc 9><9 a~ {ml tqlrnj|w olclqi{njc& {ml ittlffic{ oj{ mlqwlfb n`tfliklk jcf~ nc 9>=1nc i w|n{ bnflk a~ {ml tfinc{nbbqlwtjcklc{ E|tt|wi`n ioincw{ mnw aqj{mlq Icknrlf| bjq tiq{n{njc jb {mltqjtlq{~& mngm ncgf|klk {ml tjq{njc jb {ml tqjtlq{~ {mi{ alfjcolk {j @w# Qicoi`ìf# N{ iw gfin`lk {mi{@w# Qicoi`ìf/w wmiql iw {qicwblqqlk a~ mlq o|iqknic E|ìqi Cingelq {j {ml tqlklglwwjqw jb @q#Icknrlf| ick {mi{ wml mik cj qnom{ nc {ml wink tqjtlq{~# Ib{lq {ml Mnom Gj|q{ knw`nwwlk mlq tfli& wml bnflk{ml tqlwlc{ ittlif# Nc mlq ittlif& @w# Qicoi`ìf gjc{lcklk {mi{ {ml wifl kllk& l}lg|{lk nc 9><9 mlcwml iw i `ncjq& j|om{ cj{ {j al floiff~ ancknco jc mlq wj iw {j ncgf|kl mlq tqjtlq{~ bjq tiq{n{njc nc {mlw|n{& ncw{n{|{lk a~ ic if{jol{mlq knbblqlc{ aqicgm jb {ml bi`nf~ {mi{ mik wltiqi{lk `jql {mic {mqllolclqi{njcw ioj# Iffjnco {ml ittlif& {ml Alcgm wink {ml Mnom Gj|q{ blff nc{j i gfliq lqqjq nc mjfknco {mi{{ml w|n{ iw aiqqlk a~ fn`n{i{njc iw n{ iw bnflk ib{lq 79 ~liqw mngm iw big{|iff~ ncgjqqlg{# Wml mik`lqlf~ n`tfliklk mlqwlfb nc {ml tiq{n{njc w|n{ mlc n{ gi`l {j mlq ecjflkol {mi{ {ml tqjtlq{~& mngm iw

nc mlq jgg|ti{njc ick tjwwlwwnjc& mik allc ncgf|klk nc {ml wgmlk|fl bjq tiq{n{njc# [ml Alcgm wl{ iwnkl{ml Mnom Gj|q{ h|ko`lc{ nc wj biq iw {ml wmiql jb @w# Qicoi`ìf iw gjcglqclk ick gjcwly|lc{f~ {mlklgqll tiwwlk a~ {ml {qnif gj|q{ ick |tmlfk a~ {ml Mnom Gj|q{# [ml wink klgqll j|fk l}gf|kl mlq tjq{njcjb {ml tqjtlq{~& {ml Alcgm wink& ick iffjlk {ml ittlif n{m gjw{w# -Mnck|& 9>*4<*1499.

\cìqqnlk Mnck| jìc miw ly|if tqjtlq{~ qnom{w8 W|tql`l Gj|q{Ic |cìqqnlk Mnck| jìc nw lc{n{flk {j ly|if wmiql nc icglw{qif jq gjtiqglclq~ tqjtlq{~ ifjco n{mj{mlq ìfl `làlqw |cklq {ml i`lcklk Mnck| W|gglwwnjc Ig{& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw mlfk#Gjtiqglciq~ qlblqw {j ly|if ncmlqn{icgl mngm iw qlw{qng{lk jcf~ {j ìfl `làlqw jb {ml Mnck|\cknrnklk Bi`nf~ a|{ ib{lq w|gglwnrl i`lckl`lc{w wlrlqif w{i{lw mirl gmjwlc {j l}{lck {ml alclbn{ {j|cìqqnlk blìfl `làlqw {jj# I alcgm jb H|w{ngl OW Wncomrn ick H|w{ngl EW Qikmieqnwmcic wink lrlcnb i klgqll jb tiq{n{njc miw allc tiwwlk& i blìfl gfinìc{ gic lcbjqgl mlq ly|if tqjtlq{~ qnom{ nb wml iw|cìqqnlk i{ {ml {n`l jb {ml i`lck`lc{ aqj|om{ nc a~ {ml qlwtlg{nrl w{i{l flonwfi{|qlw# [ml itl} gj|q{

wink {ml t|qtjwl jb l}{lcknco ly|if tqjtlq{~ qnom{ {j j`lc iw {j lck knwgqn`nci{njc jc {ml oqj|ck jbwl} iw tiq{ jb {ml gjcw{n{|{njcif jafnoi{njc ick wjgnif flonwfi{njc# !Bqi`lqw jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc lql oqli{rnwnjciqnlw# [ml~ cj{ jcf~ tfiglk h|w{ngl ick ly|ifn{~ i{ {ml mnomlw{ tlklw{if a|{ ifwj ncgjqtjqi{lk wlrlqiftqjrnwnjcw bjq lcw|qnco {mi{ {ml tljtfl iql cj{ w|ahlg{lk {j knwgqn`nci{njc jc {ml oqj|ck jb giw{l& gjfj|q&qlfnonjc jq wl}# -KCI& 9>*4<*1499.

[nbb " {i|c{ cj oqj|ck bjq knrjqgl8 Klfmn mnom gj|q{Klwtn{l {ml mliq{ a|qc n{ ì~ gi|wl ick flirl ~j| wmi{{lqlk l`j{njciff~& {i|c{nco nw cj{ gq|lf{~ nc floif{lq`w# [ml Klfmn mnom gj|q{ q|flk {mnw nc i wn`nfiq giwl mlql m|waick oj{ knrjqgl bqj` mnw nbl a~ {ml{qnif gj|q{ jc {ml oqj|ckw {mi{ wml |wlk {j {i|c{ mn` bjq mnw jbbngnif tjwn{njc jb alnco i gflqe nc i jbbngl ick



y|iqqlf n{m mn` jrlq tl{{~ nww|lw# H|w{ngl Einfiwm Oiàmnq wink& ‖@lc{if gq|lf{~ nckllk nw cj{ iw liw~ {jlw{iafnwm iw tm~wngif gq|lf{~ a|{ {ml n`tig{ jb {ml ifflolk gq|lf ncgnklc{w jc {ml `nck jb {ml gj`tfincncowtj|wl miw {j al klfnalqi{lk |tjc# Mjlrlq ic nwjfi{lk jq w{qi~ ncgnklc{& ic icoq~ fjje& i qickj`y|iqqlf& i w|oiq gji{lk ncw|f{ jq i {i|c{ giccj{ flik {ml gj|q{ {j oqic{ i klgqll jb knrjqgl#‐ Iggjqknco {jQnwmn& m|waick jb W`n{i& wml |wlk {j bnom{ n{m mn` jrlq `ncjq nww|lw ick |wlk {j g|qwl mlq f|ge bjqìqq~nco i gflqe& mngm nw kl`jqifnwnco ick knwmliq{lcnco bjq mn`# [ml {qnif gj|q{ oqic{lk knrjqgl {j Qnwmnjc {ml oqj|ckw jb gq|lf{~ nc @i~ 144># Jrlq{|qcnco {ml {qnif gj|q{ jqklq& {ml gj|q{ wink& ‖_mnfl ikh|kngi{ncoì{qn`jcnif giwlw& {ml gj|q{w mirl {j al gi|{nj|w ick gjcwgnj|w jb {ml big{ {mi{ {ml mjf~ ajck jbì{qn`jc~ ncrjfrlw klfngi{l m|ìc l`j{njcw ick gj`tfl} wn{|i{njcw ick jb{lc {mlql ol{w gqli{lk igmiw` mngm nb bjq{nbnlk a~ {ml gj|q{ gic flik {j nqqlkllìafl klw{q|g{njc#‐ Qnwmn ick W`n{i oj{ ìqqnlk nc9>>; ick {mncow {|qclk |of~ bqj` {ml alonccnco n{wlfb# W`n{i iw klìcknco i wltiqi{l qlwnklcgl bjq mlq5wml oj{ mlqwlfb iajq{lk n{mj|{ ncbjq`nco Qnwmn ick ifflolk {mi{ mlq fnbl miw allc q|nclk a~ ìqq~nco iwn`tfl gflqe# A|{ {ml gj|q{ wink& ‖Nc {ml tqlwlc{ giwl& {ml gjcw{ic{ miqtnco jb {ml qlwtjcklc{ jb {jq{|qlick `lc{if iojc~ gi|wlk a~ {ml ncw{n{|{njc jb gqn`ncif tqjgllkncow giccj{ al i`tfnbnlk {j w{qinc {mlì{qn`jcnif gmjqk {j {ml l}{lc{ {mi{ n{ nw aqjelc kjc# -KCI& 17*4<*1499.

_j`lc lc{n{flk {j bi{mlq„w lw{i{l8 WGKi|om{lqw gfin`nco wmiql nc {mlnq bi{mlq„w icglw{qif tqjtlq{~ mirl i qliwjc {j gmllq# Nc i fickìqe h|kol`lc{& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw mlfk {mi{ {ml~ nff al lc{n{flk {j ic ly|if wmiql nc {mlnq bi{mlq„w lw{i{llrlc nb w|gm giwlw lql ikrlqwlf~ wl{{flk ioincw{ {ml` albjql 144< mlc {ml Mnck| W|gglwwnjc Ig{&

9><2 iw i`lcklk& jq a~ ic~ j{mlq fi# [ml giwl qlfi{lw {j i jìc bqj` Eiqci{iei mj iw klcnlkly|if wmiql nc mlq bi{mlq„w tqjtlq{~# [ml tl{n{njclq Tqlì mik qlfnlk jc {ml Eiqci{iei Mnck| W|gglwwnjc-I`lck`lc{. Ig{& 9>>4& a~ mngm |cìqqnlk ki|om{lqw algi`l lc{n{flk {j ly|if wmiql iw wjcw ncbi{mlq„w lw{i{l nc {ml iawlcgl jb i nff# A|{ {ml Ig{ gi`l nc{j bjqgl jc H|f~ 74& 9>>; a~ mlc itqlfn`nciq~ klgqll tiwwlk a~ i @|cwnb gj|q{ i{ Wqnqicoiti{ci jc I|o|w{ 99& 9>>1 klgnklk mlq wmiql nc{ml icglw{qif tqjtlq{~ {j al jcl{lc{~lnom{ tiq{# Tqlì gfin`lk {jwlrlc{m tiq{ jb {ml tqjtlq{~ |cklq{ml cl fi# Aj{m {ml {qnif gj|q{ ick {ml Eiqci{iei Mnom Gj|q{ qlhlg{lk mlq gfin` jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ mlqbi{l iw wliflk n{m {ml {qnif gj|q{ klgqll# A|{ {ml itl} gj|q{ wi qliwjc {j igglt{ mlq ittlif# I Alcgmjb H|w{nglw OW Wncomrn ick EWT Qikmieqnwmcic wink& ‖A~ {ml tqlfn`nciq~ klgqll& wmiqlw jb {ml tiq{nlwlql kl{lq`nclk a|{ {ml ig{|if tiq{n{njc jq knrnwnjc mik cj{ {ielc tfigl#‐ N{ cj{lk {mi{ {ml tl{n{njclqwj|om{ alclbn{ jb i fi mlc {ml klgqll tiwwlk a~ fjlq gj|q{ iw cj{ ~l{ bncif# ‖Nb fi ojrlqcnco {mltiq{nlw nw i`lcklk albjql gjcgf|wnjc jb {ml bncif klgqll tqjgllkncow& {ml tiq{~ alclbn{lk a~ w|gmi`lck`lc{ gic ìel i qly|lw{ {j {ml gj|q{ {j {iel gjocnwicgl jb {ml i`lck`lc{ ick onrl lbblg{ {j {ml

wi`l&‐ {ml Alcgm ikklk# [mnw klgnwnjc iww|`lw wnocnbngicgl wncgl {ml q|fnco j|fk mirl i aliqncoigqjww {ml gj|c{q~ ib{lq {ml Glc{ql i`lcklk {ml Mnck| W|gglwwnjc Ig{ 9><2 tqjrnknco ly|if tqjtlq{~qnom{w {j ki|om{lqw -ìqqnlk jq |cìqqnlk. nc bi`nf~ tqjtlq{~# Wncgl {ml i`lcklk fi gi`l nc{j bjqgl i{ i{n`l mlc {ml bncif klgqll jb tiq{n{njc iw ~l{ {j al tiwwlk& {ml gj|q{ wink& ‖[ml ittlffic{ mik lrlq~ qnom{{j wlle lcfiqol`lc{ jb mlq wmiql a~ tjnc{nco j|{ {mi{ {ml knwgqn`nci{njc tqig{nglk ioincw{ {ml |cìqqnlkki|om{lq mik allc ql`jrlk a~ {ml flonwfi{nrl nc{lqrlc{njc ick {mlql nw cj qliwjc m~ {ml gj|q{ wmj|fkmlwn{i{l nc onrnco lbblg{ {j ic i`lck`lc{ ìkl a~ {ml W{i{l flonwfi{|ql#‐ Jc {ml wgjtl jb Wlg{njc 2I jb{ml Eiqci{iei Ig{& {ml Alcgm wink {mi{ n{ in`lk {j lcfiqol {ml iàn{ jb alclbn{w {j |cìqqnlk ki|om{lqw#Ittf~nco {mnw {mj|om{ {j {ml giwl i{ mick& {ml Alcgm wink& ‖_n{m i rnl {j igmnlrl {ml ojif jb ly|ifn{~lcwmqnclk nc Iq{ngflw 9; ick 9<-9. jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc ick {j lfn`nci{l knwgqn`nci{njc ioincw{ ki|om{lqw#‐ N{oirl Tqlì tlq`nwwnjc {j `jrl ic ittqjtqni{l ittfngi{njc |cklq {ml i`lcklk Ig{ {j gfin` i mnomlqwmiql jb tqjtlq{~ {j ql`jrl {ml knwgqn`nci{njc ick {j aqnco n{ nc gjcbjq`n{~ n{m Iq{ngflw 9; ick 9< jbGjcw{n{|{njc# -Tnjcllq& 17*4<*1499.

WG wtliew |t bjq h|kolw nc i wtj{[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ q|lk {ml tqig{ngl jb gjckl`cnco i h|kol albjql ml jq wml iw mlfko|nf{~ a~ ic ncy|nq~ gj``n{{ll& wi~nco knbblqlc{ wgml`lw jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc& ncgf|knco {ml tqncgntfl jbnckltlcklcgl jb h|kngniq~& iw ol{{nco knf|{lk //w~w{lì{ngiff~//# ‖Tiqfni`lc{ jq {ml Ncy|nq~ Gj``n{{ll ì~jq ì~ cj{ bnck mn` o|nf{~# A|{ {ml ìc w{ickw gjckl`clk# _mlql nw {ml tqj{lg{njc irinfiafl {j {ml ìc&‐i Alcgm jb H|w{nglw O W Wncomrn ick G E Tqiwik wink# [ml Alcgm ìkl {ml jawlqri{njc mnfl mliqnco itfli bnflk a~ Wneen` Mnom Gj|q{ Gmnlb H|w{ngl T K Kncieiqic gjc{lcknco {mi{ {ml Ncy|nq~ Gj``n{{ll mik{qirlqwlk al~jck n{w ìcki{l onrlc nc {ml Qih~i Wiamiik`n{{lk n`tligm`lc{ `j{njc# Wlcnjq ikrjgi{lAiwiri Tqiam| Ti{nf& ittliqnco bjq H|w{ngl Kncieiqic w|a`n{{lk {mi{ nb i t|afng klai{l iw tlq`n{{lk {j



{iel tfigl& {ml b|cg{njcnco jb ic~ h|kol j|fk algj`l knbbng|f{# ‖T|afng {qnif gic mirl i knwiw{qj|w lbblg{#N{ j|fk wl{ i tqlglklcgl mngm j|fk mirl kl{qn`lc{if lbblg{&‐ ml wink#[j {mnw& {ml gj|q{ jawlqrlk {mi{{ml t|afng {qnif iw {ienco tfigl lrlq~ cj ick {mlc# ‖[mnw nw algj`nco i qlo|fiq bli{|ql# N{ iw cj{lcrnwiolk nc {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc• I tiqifflf ncy|nq~ nw ifwj ojnco jc# N{ nw i cl {qlck&‐ {ml gj|q{ wink#H|w{ngl Wncomrn ifwj {jje i tj{wmj{ jc `lkni& wi~nco ‖i h|kol giccj{ lrlc biff nff y|nl{f~& mnw wngeclww ol{wqltjq{lk nc {ml `lkni#‐ -Klggic Mlqifk& 1?*4<*1499.

W|tql`l Gj|q{ qlrlifw bj|q tjnc{w lwwlc{nif {j lwgitl `|qklq gjcrng{njcIc igg|wlk gic lwgitl gjcrng{njc bjq `|qklq nb ml tqjrlw {mi{ {mlql iw cj tql`lkn{i{njc bjq {ml ig{&jgg|qqlk nc i mli{ jb tiwwnjc& cj gq|lf{~ ncrjfrlk ick |ck|l ikric{iol {ielc& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miwq|flk# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw Iwje E|ìq Oico|f~ ick Klltie Rlqì nc i h|kol`lc{ wink {mi{ {ml igg|wlkgic wlle n``|cn{~ bqj` `|qklq jcf~ nb iff {mlwl bj|q iajrl gnqg|`w{icglw iql lw{iafnwmlk nc klblcgl jb{ml gqn`l# !Nc jqklq {j aqnco i giwl |cklq L}glt{njc -;. {j Wlg{njc 744 NTG& {ml lrnklcgl `|w{ wmj {mi{{ml igg|wlk ig{lk n{mj|{ ic~ tql`lkn{i{njc ick nc i mli{ jb tiwwnjc ick n{mj|{ mirnco {ielc |ck|likric{iol ick ml mik cj{ ig{lk nc i gq|lf jq |c|w|if ìcclq# !Lrlq~ jcl jb {mlwl gnqg|`w{icglw nwqly|nqlk {j al tqjrlk {j i{{qig{ L}glt{njc -;. {j Wlg{njc 744 NTG ick n{ nw cj{ w|bbngnlc{ {j tqjrl jcf~wj`l jb {ml`# I `nwgiqqniol jb h|w{ngl mngm ì~ iqnwl bqj` igy|n{{if jb {ml o|nf{~ nw cj flww {mic bqj` igjcrng{njc jb ic nccjglc{&! H|w{ngl Oico|f~ wink# [ml itl} gj|q{ tiwwlk {ml h|ko`lc{ mnfl wl{{nco iwnkli Qihiw{mic mnom gj|q{ h|ko`lc{ mngm mik if{lqlk {ml gjcrng{njc jb @jmi``lk Nwfi` bjq `|qklq -741NTG. {j 74; -99. NTG jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ {ml gqn`l gj``n{{lk a~ mn` blff |cklq L}glt{njc ; tqjrnklk

|cklq Wlg{njc 744 NTG# [ml mnom gj|q{ mik qlrlqwlk {ml fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ n`tjwlk a~ {ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{nc Kllo {j wn} ~liqw mngm mik liqfnlq mlfk mn` o|nf{~ bjq `|qklqnco jcl Hlc| jc @iqgm 9=& 9>== bjffjncoic if{lqgi{njc jrlq i bncicgnif knwt|{l# [ml Qihiw{mic ojrlqc`lc{ mik ittliflk ioincw{ {ml q|fnco nc {mlitl} gj|q{# -KCI& 1>*4<*1499.

Gic giff bjq qlrjf|{njc al k|aalk ic jbblcgl: WG iwew Ojr{[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [|lwki~ oqic{lk ainf {j ifflolk @ijnw{ w~`ti{mnwlq Tn~|wm O|mi jcklqncoml{mlq i giff bjq i qlrjf|{njc {j qlbjq` {ml wjgnl{~ gj|fk al {qli{lk iw ic jbblcgl# !I fiqol c|àlq jbì{lqnif ick clw gj`l {j |w# Wn`nfiqf~& w|gm ì{lqnif gj`l {j ~j| ick {mnw tlqwjc ifwj# Nb {mi{ nw mnwnkljfjo~ ick ml wi~w qlrjf|{njc nw {ml jcf~ i~ {j qlbjq` wjgnl{~& gic l wi~ {mi{ nw ic jbblcgl!: irigi{njc alcgm jb h|w{nglw O W Wncomrn ick G E Tqiwik wink# [ml itl} gj|q{ ìkl {ml qlìqew ib{lqwlcnjq gj|cwlf \ \ Fifn{& ittliqnco bjq Gmmi{{nwoiqm ojrlqc`lc{& jttjwlk {ml ainf jc oqj|ck {mi{ O|miiw ic ig{nrl w~`ti{mnwlq jb @ijnw{w ick {mlql lql i fiqol c|àlq jb ì{lqnif ick ti`tmfl{w {j fnce

mn` {j {ml aicclk jqoicnwi{njc# [ml alcgm wink `lql tjwwlwwnjc jb glq{inc ì{lqnif giccj{ al i oqj|ckbjq gjcrng{nco i tlqwjc# !Itiq{ bqj` {mlwl kjg|`lc{w& iql {mlql ic~ j{mlq ì{lqnif: Tjwwlwwnjc jb titlqwnw cj{ ic jbblcgl# _l gic/{ oj jc {ml aiwnw jb `lql w|q`nwlw ick gjchlg{|qlw!& {ml alcgm wink# Fifn{w|a`n{{lk {ml w{i{l mik ì{lqnif {j wmj {mi{ O|mi& alwnklw alnco i @ijnw{ w~`ti{mnwlq& mik l|fjonwlk{ml enffnco jb tjfngl`lc a~ Ci}ifn{lw ick iw ifwj ic igg|wlk nc {ml T|q|fni iq`w kqjt giwl nc _lw{Alcoif# Fifn{ wink {ml w{i{l mik wlnxlk ti`tmfl{w {j tqjrl {mi{ @ijnw{w mik wink {mi{ O|mi mik kjcl i!gj``lckiafl hja! bjq {ml jqoicnwi{njc# !N{ nw rlq~ knbbng|f{ {j onrl i klbncn{l `licnco {j {ml jqkgj``lckiafl# N{ nw wink nc knbblqlc{ gjc{l}{ ick tlqwtlg{nrl# Ifwj& n{ knbblqw nc `licnco bqj` tlqwjc {jtlqwjc# Gj|q{w giccj{ gjcrng{ i tlqwjc |cflww {mlql nw lrnklcgl# L}glt{ tjwwlwwnjc jb ì{lqnif& {mlql nwcj j{mlq lrnklcgl&! {ml alcgm wink mnfl tqjgllknco {j oqic{ ainf {j O|mi# !If{mj|om {mnw gj|q{ kjlw cj{nc{lqblql nc {ml oqic{ jb ainf mlc gjigg|wlk Anci~ie Wlc miw allc oqic{lk ainf a~ {mnw gj|q{& {mlwlc{lcgl n`tjwlk a~ {ml {qnif gj|q{ nw w|wtlcklk# Tl{n{njclq nw knqlg{lk {j al qlfliwlk jc ainf jcb|qcnwmnco Qw {j fiem n{m {j w|ql{nlw jb Qw jcl fiem ligm!& {ml alcgm wink nc n{w jqklq# O|mi& i

Ejfei{iaiwlk a|wnclwwìc& iw gjcrng{lk ifjco n{m Wlc ick Ci}if nkljfjo|l Ciqi~ic Wic~if bjqgjff|knco n{m @ijnw{w {j lw{iafnwm i cl{jqe {j bnom{ {ml w{i{l# [ml~ lql iiqklk fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{# Ml{mlc gmifflcolk mnw gjcrng{njc nc {ml Gmmi{{nwoiqm Mnom Gj|q{ mngm qlb|wlk {j oqic{ mn` ainf nc {ml giwl#[ml itl} gj|q{ mik jc @i~ 1; nww|lk i cj{ngl {j {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ ick mik iwelk n{ {j bnfl n{wqlwtjcwl a~ {jki~# Gmifflconco {ml jqklq jb {ml Gmmi{{nwoiqm Mnom Gj|q{& ikrjgi{l Tqiwmic{ Am|wmic&ittliqnco bjq O|mi& mik tfliklk n{m {ml gj|q{ {j oqic{ ainf wi~nco ml miw ifqlik~ wtlc{ bj|q ~liqw nc hinf#Ml mik ifwj tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ {ml itl} gj|q{ mik qlglc{f~ oqic{lk ainf {j Wlc# [ml itl} gj|q{ mik oqic{lkainf {j 29~liqjfk Wlc jc Itqnf 9< mnfl y|lw{njcnco mnw gjcrng{njc ick fnbl wlc{lcgl bjq wlkn{njc& wi~ncoml gj|fk al i w~`ti{mnwlq jb Ci}ifn{lw ick cj{mnco al~jck {mi{# !Cj giwl jb wlkn{njc nw ìkl j|{&! {mlitl} gj|q{ mik wink# [ml gjcrng{njc ick fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ jb Wlc& ifjco n{m O|mi ick Wic~if& mik flk {j



j|{qiol nc ìc~ y|iq{lqw& ncgf|knco nc{lqci{njcif m|ìc qnom{w ajknlw mngm mik wj|om{ ojrlqc`lc{/wtlq`nwwnjc {j jawlqrl {ml gj|q{ tqjgllkncow nc {ml giwl# -NL& 49*42*1499.

@lql qlgjrlq~ jb {inc{lk `jcl~ cj{ i oqj|ck bjq gjcrng{njc8 WGI tlqwjc giccj{ al gjcrng{lk bjq gjqq|t{njc jc `lql qlgjrlq~ jb {ml {inc{lk `jcl~ |cflww {ml gmiqol nww|ttjq{lk a~ w|aw{ic{nrl lrnklcgl& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw q|flk& |tmjfknco {ml igy|n{{if jb i gjffloltqjblwwjq# [ml itl} gj|q{ ifwj wink n{ iw clglwwiq~ {j tqjrl {mi{ {ml igg|wlk rjf|c{iqnf~ igglt{lk {mlaqnal bjq l}{lcknco i birj|q jq b|fbnffnco ic jafnoi{njc# !@lql qlgjrlq~ jb {inc{lk `jcl~& knrjqglk bqj` {mlgnqg|`w{icglw |cklq mngm n{ nw tink& nw cj{ w|bbngnlc{ {j gjcrng{ {ml igg|wlk mlc {ml w|aw{ic{nrllrnklcgl nc {ml giwl nw cj{ qlfniafl# ![ml `lql qlgjrlq~ a~ n{wlfb giccj{ tqjrl {ml gmiqol jb {mltqjwlg|{njc ioincw{ {ml igg|wlk# Nc {ml iawlcgl jb ic~ lrnklcgl {j tqjrl ti~`lc{ jb aqnal jq {j wmj{mi{ {ml igg|wlk rjf|c{iqnf~ igglt{lk `jcl~ ecjnco n{ {j al aqnal& gjcrng{njc giccj{ al w|w{inclk&! {mlalcgm wink& y|j{nco bqj` n{w liqfnlq h|kol`lc{w nc {ml Onqnwm Aia| -144>.ick W|qih @if-9>?>. giwlw# Ialcgm jb h|w{nglw Iwje E|ìq Oico|f~ ick Klltie Rlqì tiwwlk {ml h|kol`lc{ knw`nwwnco Elqifiojrlqc`lc{/w ittlif gmifflconco {ml Mnom Gj|q{/w igy|n{{if jb tqjblwwjq G T Qij# [ml itl} gj|q{ wink {mlmnom gj|q{ mik qnom{f~ igy|n{{lk {ml igg|wlk iw {ml gj`tfincic{ iw cj{ l}i`nclk a~ {ml tqjwlg|{njc ick{mlql iw w|bbngnlc{ lrnklcgl {j tqjrl {mi{ {ml `jcl~ iw {mq|w{ |tjc mn`# !Itiq{ bqj` {mi{& n{ nw {ml giwljb {ml qlwtjcklc{ {mi{ mlc G_ 9 -gj`tfincic{. `l{ mn` nc i mj{lf qjj`& {ml qlwtjcklc{ wmj|{lk {mi{wj`l g|qqlcg~ cj{lw mik allc {mq|w{ nc{j mnw tjgel{ a~ G_# !W|gm wmj|{w jb {ml qlwtjcklc{ lql mliqka~ T_ 9 ick T_ 1# [ml lrnklcgl jb T_ 9 ick T_ 1 lql qlgjqklk a~ {ml {qnif gj|q{# [ml lrnklcgl jb

T_ 9 ick T_ 1 gj|fk cj{ al& nc ic~ i~& wmielc a~ ìcclq jb gqjww l}i`nci{njc# T_ 7 miw ifwj onrlclrnklcgl jb {ml tqlrnj|w icn`jwn{~ al{llc {ml gjfflol i|{mjqn{nlw ick {ml qlwtjcklc{ mj mik icjggiwnjc {j bnfl qltjq{w n{m {ml gjfflol i|{mjqn{nlw jc {ml aiwnw jb wj`l ncwtlg{njc&! {ml itl} gj|q{ wink#ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{ mik liqfnlq wlc{lcglk Qij {j {j ~liqw n`tqnwjc`lc{ |cklq {ml Tqlrlc{njc jbGjqq|t{njc Ig{ bjq ifflolkf~ igglt{nco i aqnal jb Qw <444 bqj` {ml gj`tfincic{ jc Jg{jalq 9>& 9>>;& bjqonrnco tiww ìqew {j glq{inc gicknki{lw nc iff {ml w|ahlg{w# Iggjqknco {j {ml tqjwlg|{njc& {ml igg|wlktqjblwwjq mik wj|om{ {ml aqnal bjq iiqknco tiww ìqew {j iff w{|klc{w mj ittliqlk nc {ml tqig{ngifl}i`nci{njc jb tmiqìgl|{ngifNN nc KTmiqì bncif l}i`nci{njc nc {ml ~liq 9>>;# !N{ nw ic ik`n{{lk giwl{mi{ {ml qlwtjcklc{ ifjcl giccj{ onrl w|gm ìqew# Nc rnl jb {ml l}i`nci{njc w~w{l` tqlrinfnco& w|gmìqew mirl {j al ittqjrlk a~ j{mlqw# [ml qlwtjcklc{ ifjcl& {mlqlbjql& nw ik`n{{lkf~ cj{ nc i tjwn{njc {jiffj{ mnomlq ìqew&! {ml alcgm wink# [ml alcgm ioqllk n{m {ml mnom gj|q{/w qliwjcnco {mi{ mlc {mlqliw cj gjqqjajqi{njc jb {ml gj`tfincic{/w {lw{n`jc~ qloiqknco {ml aqnal klìck& {ml iffloi{njc miw {j alknwgiqklk# -Klggic Mlqifk& 47*4<*1499.

[qicwblq jqklqw cj{ jtlc {j h|kngnif qlrnl8 Mnom Gj|q{I alcgm jb Klfmn Mnom q|flk @jcki~ {mi{ {ml tqjrnwnjc jb h|kngnif qlrnl giccj{ al |wlk {j gnqg|`rlc{ icik`ncnw{qi{nrl jqklq jb {qicwblq onrlc {j ic jbbnglq# !_l iql jb {ml gjcwnklqlk jtncnjc {mi{ {ml jqklq jb{qicwblq giccj{ al ficgl{lk a~ l}lqgnwl jb h|kngnif qlrnl&! Gmnlb H|w{ngl Kntie @nwqi ick H|w{ngl WichnrEmicci wink# [ml gj|q{/w jawlqri{njc gi`l jc {ml tl{n{njc jb \kin Rnq Wncom Qi{mn& ic IGT n{m KlfmnTjfngl& gmifflconco mnw {qicwblq {j Ickiìc ick Cngjaiq Nwfickw jc I|o|w{ 9=& 1494 bjffjnco i qly|lw{ìkl a~ {ml Gmnlb Wlgql{iq~# !N{ nw jafnoi{jq~ jc {ml tiq{ jb tl{n{njclq -Qi{mn. {j hjnc i{ {ml tfigl jb{qicwblq&! {ml gj|q{ wink ick oirl mn` {n`l {nff H|cl 74 {iel |t k|{nlw i{ mnw cl tfigl jb tjw{nco# Qi{mn& ncmnw tl{n{njc& iwwinflk {ml jqklq jb {ml Glc{qif Ik`ncnw{qi{nrl [qna|cif mngm mik |tmlfk {ml {qicwblq jqklq#Mjlrlq& ittlffi{l gj|q{ klcnlk {ml tfli giffnco n{ !jafnoi{jq~ jc tiq{ jb {ml jbbnglq {j hjnc {ml tfigl jb{qicwblq qi{mlq {mic ellt ecjgenco gj|q{w/ kjjqw#! Qi{mn mik gjc{lcklk {mi{ {mlql iw cj h|w{nbngi{njc jb{ml {qicwblq jqklq onrlc mnw n`tlggiafl qlgjqk ick i c|àlq jb fi|qlfw {j mnw gqlkn{ nc klwtn{l wlqrnco nc

ìc~ wlcwn{nrl tjw{w jb {ml Klfmn Tjfngl# Ml b|q{mlq gmifflcolk mnw {qicwblq jc {ml oqj|ckw {mi{ {mlrigicgnlw i{ IGT flrlf l}nw{lk i{ aj{m Klfmn ick n{w j|{f~nco wlo`lc{w ick {mi{ ml iw ojnco {j ql{nql jcKlglàlq 79& 1497# -Tnjcllq& 4?*42*1499.

Cl fi tqjtjwlk {j g|qa ”mjcj|q enffncow/[j {igefl {ml `lcigl jb ”mjcj|q enffncow/ nc wj`l tiq{w jb {ml gj|c{q~ ick klif n{m nffloif jqklqw bqj` a~”emit ticgmi~i{w&/ {ml Fi Gj``nwwnjc miw tqjtjwlk flonwfi{njc {j tqjwlg|{l tlqwjcw jq i oqj|tncrjfrlk nc w|gm lckicolqnco gjck|g{ ick ig{nrn{nlw# [ml tqjtjwlk flonwfi{njc& ”[ml Lckicolq`lc{ jb Fnblick Fnalq{~ -Tqj{lg{njc& Tqjwlg|{njc ick j{mlq `liw|qlw. Ig{& 1499&/ kqib{lk a~ Fi Gj``nwwnjc@làlq ick wlcnjq ikrjgi{l Q# Rlcei{iqiìcn& miw allc knwg|wwlk ick ittqjrlk a~ {ml Gj``nwwnjc&



mngm nw mliklk a~ H|w{ngl T# Rlcei{iqiì Qlkkn# N{ nw l}tlg{lk {j al qlfliwlk wmjq{f~ bjq gj``lc{w#[ml Gj``nwwnjc miw {|qclk kjc {ml klìck bjq nc{qjk|gnco i gfi|wl nc Wlg{njc 744 jb {ml Ncknic TlcifGjkl -`|qklq. {j aqnco ”mjcj|q enffncow/ |cklq {ml iàn{ jb {mnw Wlg{njc# N{ wi~w8 ‖[mlql nw cj cllk {jnc{qjk|gl i tqjrnwnjc nc Wlg{njc 744 nc jqklq {j aqnco {ml wjgifflk mjcj|q enffncow n{mnc {ml iàn{ jb {mnwtqjrnwnjc# [ml ikkn{njc jb w|gm i gfi|wl ì~ gqli{l gjcb|wnjc ick nc{lqtql{i{njcif knbbng|f{nlw# [mll}nw{nco tqjrnwnjcw nc {ml NTG iql ikly|i{l {j {iel giql jb {ml wn{|i{njcw fliknco {j jrlq{ ig{w jb enffnco jqgi|wnco ajknf~ jq j{mlq ig{w {j {ml {iqol{lk tlqwjc mj ifflolkf~ |cklq`nclk {ml mjcj|q jb {ml giw{l jqgj``|cn{~#‐ [ml nkli almnck {ml tqjrnwnjcw nc {ml kqib{ flonwfi{njc nw {mi{ {mlql `|w{ al i {mqlwmjfk aiq jcgjcoqloi{njc jq iwwlàf~ bjq knwg|wwnco ick gjckl`cnco {ml gjck|g{ jb ~j|co tlqwjc iajrl {ml iol jbìhjqn{~ nc ìqq~nco iw tlq {mlnq gmjngl lrlc nb {ml~ alfjco {j {ml wi`l ”oj{qi/ -mngm nw cj{ tqjmnan{lk. jq{ml~ alfjco {j knbblqlc{ giw{lw jq gj``|cn{nlw# ”Ticgmi~i{kiqw/ jq rnffiol lfklqw mirl cj qnom{ {j nc{lqblqln{m {ml fnbl ick fnalq{~ jb w|gm ~j|co gj|tflw ick {ml~ giccj{ gqli{l i wn{|i{njc nc mngm w|gm gj|tflwiql tfiglk nc i mjw{nfl lcrnqjc`lc{ nc {ml rnffiol*fjgifn{~ gjcglqclk# \cklq {ml tqjtjwlk fi& ‖{ml ig{ jblckicolq`lc{ jb fnbl ick fnalq{~ wmiff `lic ick ncgf|kl ic~ ìcclq jb ig{w jb {mqli{& lcgj|qiol`lc{&gj``lcknco& l}mjq{nco ick gqli{nco ic lcrnqjc`lc{ mlqla~ fjww jb fnbl ick fnalq{~ nw n``nclc{ jq{mqli{lclk ick wmiff ncgf|kl -i. lcbjqgl`lc{ jb `liw|qlw w|gm iw wjgnif aj~gj{{& kltqnri{njc jb {ml`licw jb fnrlfnmjjk& klcnif jb bignfn{nlw ick wlqrnglw mngm iql j{mlqnwl olclqiff~ irinfiafl {j {ml tljtfljb {ml fjgifn{~ gjcglqclk ick -a. knqlg{f~ jq ncknqlg{f~ gj`tlffnco {ml tlqwjcw gjcglqclk {j flirl jqiaickjc {mlnq mj`lw{lik nc {ml fjgifn{~#‐ ‖B|q{mlq& n{ wmiff al |cfib|f bjq ic~ oqj|t jb tlqwjcw {j oi{mlq&iwwlàfl jq gjcoqloi{l n{m {ml • nc{lc{njc {j klfnalqi{l& klgfiql jc& jq gjckl`c ic~ ìqqniol jq

qlfi{njcwmnt w|gm iw ìqqniol al{llc {j tlqwjcw jb ìhjqn{~ iol nc {ml fjgifn{~ gjcglqclk jc {ml aiwnw{mi{ w|gm gjck|g{ jq qlfi{njcwmnt miw knwmjcj|qlk {ml giw{l jq gj``|cn{~ jq qlfnonjc jb iff jq wj`l jb {mltlqwjcw bjq`nco tiq{ jb {ml iwwlàf~ jq {ml bi`nf~ jq {ml tljtfl jb {ml fjgifn{~ gjcglqclk#‐ N{ wmiff altqlw|`lk {mi{ ic~ tlqwjc jq tlqwjcw bj|ck {j al tiq{ jb {ml |cfib|f giw{l iwwlàf~ knk wj n{m {mlnc{lc{njc {j ig{ nc lckicolq`lc{ jb fnbl jq fnalq{~# W|gm ic iwwlàf~ wmiff al {qli{lk iw ic |cfib|fiwwlàf~ ick {mjwl tqlwlc{ nc n{ wmiff al t|cnwmlk n{m n`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq i tlqnjk jb cj{ flww {mic {mqll~liqw ick l}{lcknco |t {j bnrl ~liqw ick i bncl jb Qw#74&444# [ml kqib{ flonwfi{njc wi~w8 ‖Ic~ tlqwjc jqtlqwjcw ncw{q|`lc{if nc oi{mlqnco jb w|gm ic iwwlàf~ jq mj {ielw ic ig{nrl tiq{ nc {ml l}lg|{njc jb {mliwwlàf~ wmiff ifwj al w|ahlg{lk {j gnrnf wicg{njcw&‐ rnx#& {ml~ nff cj{ al lfnonafl {j gjc{lw{ ic~ lflg{njc {jic~ fjgif i|{mjqn{~ ick nff al {qli{lk iw i knwy|ifnbnlk gicknki{l# -Mnck|& 4=*42*1499.

Tlcwnjc gic„{ al n{mmlfk k|l {j tlcknco giwl8 GI[Cl Klfmn& ? H|cl8 Tlcwnjc ick ncgql`lc{w jb i t|afng wlqric{ giccj{ al n{mmlfk jcf~ jc {ml aiwnw jb i

tlcknco gqn`ncif giwl ioincw{ mn` |cflww ml nw gjcrng{lk& {ml Itl} ik`ncnw{qi{nrl {qna|cif miw mlfk# ‖N{ nwi`tf~ gfliq {mi{ jcf~ jc {ml aiwnw jb {ml giwl tlcknco ioincw{ {ml ittfngic{ -Tqnìq~ Wgmjjf Mlik @iw{lqFiemn Qi`.& tlcwnjc giccj{ al n{mmlfk |cklq Glc{qif Gnrnf Wlqrnglw -GGW Tlcwnjc. Q|flw& 9>?1&‐ i {j`làlq Alcgm jb Glc{qif Ik`ncnw{qi{nrl [qna|cif mliklk a~ @W H|w{ngl @llqi Gmmnaalq wink# [mlalcgm ifwj birj|qlk qlfliwnco oqi{|n{~ k|qnco {ml tlcklcg~ jb gqn`ncif giwl a|{ n{m ic liqfnlq h|kol`lc{jb {ml GI[ q|fnco ioincw{ n{& {ml alcgm qlblqqlk {ml y|lw{njc jc {ml oqi{|n{~ nww|l {j i fiqolq alcgm#‖Oqi{|n{~ giccj{ al n{mmlfk |cklq q|flw jb GGW Tlcwnjc Q|flw# J{mlqnwl ifwj iw tlq {ml tqjrnwnjc -jb.Ti~`lc{ jb Oqi{|n{~ Ig{& 9>?1& oqi{|n{~ giccj{ al n{mmlfk&‐ n{ wink -W{i{lwìc& 4=*42*1499.

Klfmn MG {lffw gj|q{ {j fl{ igg|wlk mirl ”binq {qnif„[ml Klfmn Mnom Gj|q{ miw iwelk i fjlq gj|q{ {j qlh|kol i `|qklq giwl& wi~nco klcnif jb jttjq{|cn{~ {jic igg|wlk {j l}i`ncl n{clwwlw flk {j mnw gjcrng{njc ick iw rnjfi{njc jb mnw qnom{ {j ‖binq {qnif‐# ‖Nc {mnwgjcclg{njc& n{ j|fk cj{ al j|{ jb tfigl {j cj{ngl i{ {mnw w{iol {mi{ Wlg{njc 74; GqTG giw{w ic jafnoi{njc

jc {ml gj|q{ {q~nco wlqnj|w jbblcglw -nc {mnw giwl gmiqol qlfi{nco {j i gitn{if jbblcgl. {j lcw|ql {mi{ ic|cqltqlwlc{lk igg|wlk nw onrlc {ml bignfn{~ jb floif ink&‐ i alcgm jb H|w{nglw W Qirnckqi Ami{ ick OT@n{{if wink# Ncw{lik jb wl{{nco iwnkl {ml fjlq gj|q{ h|kol`lc{& {ml Mnom Gj|q{ jqklqlk qlh|konco jb {mlgiwl ib{lq iffjnco gjcrng{ Klltie& iiqklk fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{& {j l}i`ncl bnrl n{clwwlw {j tqjrl mnwnccjglcgl# [ienco wlqnj|w cj{l jb klcnif jb ic jttjq{|cn{~ {j gqjwwl}i`ncl n{clwwlw& {ml gj|q{ wink8‖Mirnco qloiqk {j {ml big{w ick gnqg|`w{icglw& l iql jb {ml jtncnjc {mi{ {ml {qnif gj|q{„w gfjwncoittlffic{„w qnom{ {j gqjwwl}i`ncl T_9 {j T_; ick T_? -n{clwwlw. tqlh|knglk mn`& qlw|f{nco ncrnjfi{njc jb mnw qnom{ {j i binq {qnif#‐ ‖_l wl{ iwnkl {ml n`t|oclk h|ko`lc{ ick ql`n{ {ml ì{{lq {j {ml {qnifgj|q{ nc jqklq {j onrl jttjq{|cn{~ {j {ml ittlffic{ {j gqjwwl}i`ncl n{clwwlw&‐ {ml gj|q{ wink# [mlgjcrng{& mj ifjco n{m i gjigg|wlk& iw iiqklk fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq ifflolkf~ w{iaanco {j kli{m



Bnqjx jc Klglàlq 9=& 144>& mlql& bnflk ic ittlif wi~nco ml iw cj{ onrlc ic jttjq{|cn{~ {j l}i`ncln{clwwlw# Ml gfin`lk {mi{ mnw liqfnlq gj|cwlf knk cj{ ittliq nc mnw klblcgl ick fi{lq mnw j{mlq fi~lqiw cj{ iffjlk a~ {ml fjlq gj|q{ {j l}i`ncl {ml n{clwwlw# -Tnjcllq& 94*42*1499.

Cj& fi~lqw gic tqig{nwl iff jrlq gj|c{q~Bqj` _lkclwki~& fi~lqw nff al iafl {j tqig{nwl nc gj|q{w igqjww {ml gj|c{q~ nqqlwtlg{nrl jb {mlnqlcqjf`lc{ nc ic~ aiq gj|cgnf n{mj|{ {qicwblqqnco fnglcgl {j {mlnq klwnqlk W{i{lw# [ml \cnjc ojrlqc`lc{miw cj{nbnlk Wlg{njc 74 jb {ml Ikrjgi{lw Ig{ jb 9>29# [mj|om <4 ~liqw mirl tiwwlk wncgl {ml Ig{ iwlcig{lk& {ml Wlg{njc iw aqj|om{ {j bjqgl jcf~ jc H|cl ># Iggjqknco {j i Fi @ncnw{q~ cj{nbngi{njc&Wlg{njc 74 jb {ml Ig{ nff gj`l nc{j bjqgl jc H|cl 9<# Wlg{njc 74 jb {ml Ikrjgi{lw Ig{ wi~w8 ‖W|ahlg{ {j{ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {mnw Ig{& lrlq~ ikrjgi{l mjwl ci`l nw lc{lqlk nc {ml w{i{l qjff wmiff al lc{n{flk iw jbqnom{ {j tqig{nwl {mqj|omj|{ {ml {lqqn{jqnlw {j mngm {mnw Ig{ l}{lckw nc iff gj|q{w ncgf|knco {ml W|tql`lGj|q{# ‖Albjql ic~ {qna|cif jq tlqwjc floiff~ i|{mjqnwlk {j {iel lrnklcgl5 ick albjql ic~ j{mlq i|{mjqn{~jq tlqwjc albjql mj` w|gm ikrjgi{l nw a~ jq |cklq ic~ fi bjq {ml {n`l alnco nc bjqgl lc{n{flk {jtqig{nwl#‐ Jcgl {ml Wlg{njc gj`lw nc{j bjqgl& ikrjgi{lw nff al bqll {j tqig{nwl nc ic~ gj|q{& {qna|cif jqic~ y|iwnh|kngnif i|{mjqn{~ iff jrlq {ml gj|c{q~# Tlcknco klìck Ikrjgi{lw bjq wlrlqif ~liqw mirl allcklìcknco lcbjqgl`lc{ jb {ml Wlg{njc# ‖Bnciff~& {mlnq klìckw mirl allc `l{###n{ nff al jb n``lcwl mlft{j {ml`&‐ \cnjc Fi @ncnw{lq @# Rllqitti @jnf~ {jfk T[N# Nc 9>==& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ iwelk {ml Glc{ql{j gjcwnklq ml{mlq Wlg{njc 74 wmj|fk al aqj|om{ nc{j bjqgl jq cj{# [ml gj|q{& mjlrlq& mlfk {mi{ n{ iw{ml knwgql{njc jb {ml Glc{ql {j aqnco {ml Wlg{njc nc{j bjqgl a~ nww|nco i cj{nbngi{njc# ‛ T[N -Mnck|&

97*42*1499.

I`lcknco klbjq`lk tlqwjcif fiwFltqjw~ nw cj{ i gjc{ionj|w knwliwl a|{ {ml klbjq`n{~ {mi{ knwbno|qlw i tlqwjc ibbfng{lk a~ n{ miw w{i`tlki tlqglt{njc jb ”w{noì„ {j n{# N{„w ic nqjc~ {mi{ wlrlqif iqgming a|{ lwwlc{nif lcig{`lc{w nc rjo|l ncgf|kncotlqwjcif fiw aqixlcf~ nocjql {ml qnom{w jb fltqjw~ibblg{lk tlqwjcw -FIT.# N{ nw lw{iafnwmlk {mi{ i tlqwjcw|bblqnco bqj` knial{lw gj|fk ifwj algj`l i rng{n` jb {mnw knwliwl# Cj{n{mw{icknco {ml big{ {mi{ FIT gical g|qlk ick FIT gic b|cg{njc klwtn{l {ml klbjq`n{~& {mlql l}nw{w i fig|ci nc {ml ojrlqcicgl„w `nckwl{{mi{ wllew {j wloqloi{l {ml` bqj` {ml ìncw{qli`# Fnel ic~ j{mlq inf`lc{ jb wj`l wlqnj|wclww& ic FITqly|nqlw {j al {ielc giql jb a~ gfjwl qlfi{nrlw ncgf|knco wtj|wl& gmnfkqlc jq tiqlc{w# Wtj|wl alnco icnc{loqif tiq{ jb i ìqqnlk tlqwjc„w fnbl& mnw*mlq i{{lc{njc {j {ml tiq{clq nc cllk gic tfi~ jcklqw nc {mlqitnk n`tqjrl`lc{ jb ic FIT# A|{& {mlql l}nw{ tlqwjcif fiw w|gm iw {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{& Knwwjf|{njcjb @|wfn` @iqqniol Ig{& 9>7>&Ncknic Gmqnw{nic @iqqniol Ig{& 9=?1&Ncknic Knrjqgl Ig{& 9=2>&ickMnck|

Ikjt{njc ick @inc{lcicgl Ig{& 9><2& mngm gj|fk al ncrjelk `lqlf~ jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ iw tj|wl miwklrlfjtlk klbjq`n{~ ick bjq {mi{ ifjcl {mlql„w ncgj`ti{nanfn{~ nc {ml qlfi{njcwmnt# Iq{ngfl gjc{nc|lw alfj{ml ikrlq{nwl`lc{### N{„w ic igglt{iafl oqj|ck bjq wllenco knrjqgl# [m|w& w|gm tlqwjcif fiw gic gi|wl{ql`lckj|w `lc{if {qi|ì {j i ìqqnlk fltqjw~ibblg{lk tlqwjc mj nw ifqlik~ w{q|oofnco {j jrlqgj`lw{qlwwlw gi|wlk a~ {ml knwliwl# I tiqfni`lc{iq~ ticlf flk a~ Amioi{ Wncom Ejwm~iqn miw tjnc{lk j|{ {mnwnc n{w qltjq{ ick miw qlgj``lcklk i`lck`lc{w nc {ml knwgqn`nci{jq~ tqjrnwnjcw gjc{inclk nc {mltlqwjcif fiw# Iw nw n{w jc{& {ml Fi `ncnw{q~ miwc„{ qlwtjcklk {j i gj``|cngi{njc ìkl a~ {ml Mlif{m`ncnw{q~ l}tqlwwnco n{w gjcglqcw qloiqknco {ml nff lbblg{w jb tlqwjcif fiw nc qlfi{njc {j FIT# -KCI&97*42*1499.

Cj& fi~lqw gic tqig{nwl nc iff gj|q{wCj& fi~lqw gic tqig{nwl& iw i ì{{lq jb qnom{& nc iff gj|q{w ick bjq|`w& ncgf|knco {qna|cifw jq ic~ y|iwn h|kngnif i|{mjqn{~# Bnb{~ ~liqw ib{lq {ml Ikrjgi{lw Ig{& 9>29& gi`l nc{j bjqgl& {ml Glc{ql miw cj{nbnlk

Wlg{njc 74 jb {ml Ig{ ‛ n{m lbblg{ bqj` _lkclwki~ ‛ {j lciafl ikrjgi{lw {j tqig{nwl ic~mlql# [mnwtqjrnwnjc iw cj{ cj{nbnlk mlc {ml Ig{ iw ikklk {j {ml w{i{|{l ajje# Iw i qlw|f{& nc glq{inc gj|q{w ick{qna|cifw& fi~lqw gj|fk ittliq jcf~ nb {ml~ lql tlq`n{{lk a~ {ml tqlwnknco jbbnglq# [ml fjcotlckncoklìck jb fi~lqw bjq cj{nb~nco {mnw Wlg{njc iw b|fbnfflk& {micew {j \cnjc Fi @ncnw{lq Rllqitti @jnf~/wncn{ni{nrl# Wlg{njc 74 wi~w8 ‖W|ahlg{ {j {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {mnw Ig{& lrlq~ ikrjgi{l wmiff al lc{n{flk iw jbqnom{ {j tqig{nwl {mqj|omj|{ {ml {lqqn{jqnlw {j mngm {mnw Ig{ l}{lckw5 nc iff gj|q{w ncgf|knco {ml W|tql`lGj|q{5 albjql ic~ {qna|cif jq tlqwjc floiff~ i|{mjqnwlk {j {iel lrnklcgl5 ick albjql ic~ j{mlq i|{mjqn{~ jqtlqwjc albjql mj` w|gm ikrjgi{l nw a~ jq |cklq ic~ fi bjq {ml {n`l alnco nc bjqgl lc{n{flk {j tqig{nwl#‐Nc ic nc{lqig{njc liqfnlq {mnw `jc{m n{m [ml Mnck|& @q# @jnf~ wink ml j|fk {iel n``lkni{l w{ltw {j ol{Wlg{njc 74 cj{nbnlk# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ nww|lk {ml Oixl{{l Cj{nbngi{njc jc H|cl ># N{ wink8 ‖[ml Glc{qif



ojrlqc`lc{ mlqla~ ittjnc{w H|cl 9<& 1499 iw {ml ki{l jc mngm Wlg{njc jb {ml Ikrjgi{lw Ig{ wmiffgj`l nc{j bjqgl#‐ IffNckni Aiq Iwwjgni{njc gminqìc Iknwm Iooiqifi ick rnglgminqìc W# Tqiamieiqic&mj nw ifwj i @làlq jb {ml Aiq Gj|cgnf jb Nckni& mirl lfgj`lk {ml Glc{ql/w klgnwnjc ick {micelk @q#@jnf~ bjq gjcglknco {ml fjcotlcknco klìck jb fi~lqw# -Mnck|& 92*42*1499.

Gjcblwwnjc nw lie lrnklcgl nc gqn`ncif giwlw8 WG[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ nc i fi{lw{ h|ko`lc{ jc {ml lrnklc{niq~ rif|l jb ‖l}{qih|kngnif‐ gjcblwwnjc nc gqn`ncifgiwlw miw mlfk {mi{ {ml ik`nwwnjc jb {ml o|nf{ a~ ic igg|wlk {j ic~ tqnri{l tlqwjc giccj{ al igglt{lk iwi wj|ck lrnklcgl {j gjcrng{ mn` |cflww w|gm i gjcblwwnjc w{jjk {ml qlif h|kngnif {lw{ fink kjc nc {mlLrnklcgl Ig{# ‖L}{qih|kngnif gjcblwwnjc `|w{ al lw{iafnwmlk {j al {q|l ick ìkl rjf|c{iqnf~ ick nc i bn{w{i{l jb `nck# [ml jqkw jb {ml n{clww -tqnri{l tlqwjc. `|w{ al gfliq& |ciàno|j|w ick gfliqf~ gjcrl~{mi{ igg|wlk nw {ml tlqtl{qi{jq jb {ml gqn`l# [ml l}{qih|kngnif gjcblwwnjc gic al igglt{lk ick gic al {mlaiwnw jb i gjcrng{njc nb n{ tiwwlw {ml {lw{ jb gqlknanfn{~&‐ i alcgm jb H|w{nglw A#W# Gmi|mic ick Wi{ic{lqE|ìq q|flk# [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ fink kjc {ml fi mnfl igy|n{{nco W#E# ^|w|b bqj` Hiìft|q iqli jb_lw{ Alcoif& iiqklk fnbl wlc{lcgl bjq i{{l`t{lk qitl ick `|qklq jb i 97~liqjfk onqf {lfrl ~liqw ioj#Mlq ajk~ iw bj|ck a|qnlk nc {ml i{lqfjoolk bnlfkw |wlk a~ {ml rnffiolqw bjq gi{gmnco ‖hmncoi‐ bnwm ick^|w|b iw igg|wlk a~ {ml tjfngl jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ ml iw {ml fiw{ tlqwjc {j al wllc nc {ml iqli bqj`mlql {ml ajk~ iw qlgjrlqlk# Mjlrlq& cjajk~ mik wllc mn` n{m {ml onqf& mj ifwj mik ojcl {j gi{gm{ml bnwm nc {ml iqli# [ml tjfngl b|q{mlq mik gmiqolk mn` jb |wnco mnw wtikl {j enff {ml onqf mlc ml binflk nc

mnw i{{l`t{ {j qitl mlq# Iggjqknco {j {ml tjfngl& {ml `|qklq iw gj``n{{lk {j wnflcgl {ml onqf iw ml bliqlk{mi{ wml j|fk l}tjwl mn` albjql {ml blffj rnffiolqw# [ml tjfngl ifwj mik gfin`lk {mi{ ^|w|b mik bflkbqj` {ml rnffiol ib{lq {ml giwl iw qlonw{lqlk ick iw gi|om{ ib{lq i lle& mngm wmjlk mnw o|nf{#Mjlrlq& {ml tqjwlg|{njc giwl iw ìncf~ aiwlk jc {ml qltjq{lk ‖gjcblwwnjc‐ jb {ml gqn`l a~ mn` albjql{j tlqwjcw bqj` {ml rnffiol& ncgf|knco i ì{lqcif |cgfl jb {ml onqf# A|{ {ml tjfngl knk cj{ {iel ic~ tincln{mlq {j qlgjqk mnw gjcblwwnjc n{wlfb& jq albjql i ìonw{qi{l& iw nw qly|nqlk |cklq {ml fi& {ml itl} gj|q{wink mnfl icif~wnco {ml lrnklc{niq~ rif|l jb {ml ‖l}{qih|kngnif‐ gjcblwwnjc# Mjfknco {mi{ {ml mjfl giwliw aiwlk jc {ml wj gifflk gjcblwwnjc jb ^|w|b {j wj`l tqnri{l tlqwjcw& {ml itl} gj|q{ ifwj qlblqqlk {j{ml tjw{`jq{l` qltjq{& mngm iw ‖wnflc{‐ jc {ml i{{l`t{lk wl}|if iwwi|f{ jc {ml onqf# -II& 92*42*1499.

Ojr{ tficw {j aqnco tqnri{l wlg{jq& COJw |cklq oqib{ fiwCL_ KLFMN8 [ml Glc{ql nff i`lck {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl {j aqnco tqnri{l wlg{jq ick COJw |cklq {mlic{ngjqq|t{njc fiw& w{ql{gmnco {ml bqjc{nlqw jb oqib{ klai{l i`nk {ml knwg|wwnjc {j w{qlco{mlc {ml qlon`l

ioincw{ tjfn{ngif gfiww ick mnomlq h|kngniq~# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ miw h|celk i tqjtjwif {j i`lck {mlTqlrlc{njc jb Gjqq|t{njc Ig{& `lic{ bjq t|afng wlqric{w iqqinoclk bjq ìfbliwicgl& ick \cnjc mj`l`ncnw{q~ miw ncn{ni{lk gjcw|f{i{njcw bjq gmicolw nc NTG {j l}tick n{w ic{noqib{ iàn{ {j tqnri{l wlg{jq# [ml/oqj|t jb `ncnw{lqw jc gjqq|t{njc/ miw knwg|wwlk {ml nww|l# [ml `jrl bfjw bqj` {ml 1ck Ik`ncnw{qi{nrlQlbjq`w Gj``nwwnjc mngm& nc i qltjq{ {n{flk /L{mngw nc Ojrlqcicgl/& ìkl i w{qjco giwl bjq t|{{ncotqnri{l wlg{jq |cklq {ml oqib{ wgicclq nc rnl jb {mlnq oqjnco bjj{tqnc{ nc wlqrnglw liqfnlq fn`n{lk {j t|afngwlqric{w# COJw mngm qlglnrl fiqol kjci{njcw bqj` ojrlqc`lc{ ì~ al |cklq {ml wgicclq {jj# [mlrjf|c{iq~ ajknlw iql ncrjfrlk nc tqjhlg{w b|cklk a~ glc{qif ick w{i{l `ncnw{qnlw ick iql ifwj lcoiolk {jknwtlcwl wlqrnglw j{mlqnwl kjcl a~ ojrlqc`lc{ iq`w# Nc{lqlw{ncof~& {mlql mirl allc w{qjco klìckwbqj` Gjcoqlww {mi{ COJw wmj|fk al t|{ |cklq ic{noqib{ fi& i klìck wllc iw iqnwnco bqj` n{w tny|ljrlq gnrnf wjgnl{~/w gi`tinoc bjq Fjetif anff# Wj|qglw wink mj`l `ncnw{q~ nw mjfknco gjcw|f{i{njcw {jgmicol NTG {j gjrlq aqnalq~ nc tqnri{l wlg{jq# [ml NTG qj|{l gi`l ib{lq ojrlqc`lc{ wink n{ iw cj{ bjqaqnconco lc{nql ig{nrn{nlw jb cjcojrlqc`lc{ wlg{jq |cklq wgicclq a|{ jcf~ bjq lbblg{nrlf~ gjqq|t{njc fiw#

Ic nc{lq`ncnw{lqnif gjcw|f{i{njc l}tqlwwlk |cicn`j|w rnl {j aqnco tqnri{l wlg{jq |cklq oqib{ |àqlffil}glt{ `ncnw{q~ jb gnrnf irni{njc mngm jttjwlk {ml `jrl# _mnfl {ml tqlwlc{ qlon`l {j klif n{m gjqq|t{njcnc tqnri{l wlg{jq nw bj|ck {j al lie& {ml nww|l jb mj {j tf|o {ml oit miw ion{i{lk tjfng~ìelqw# [mlittqlmlcwnjc miw allc {mi{ ic~ giw|if ittqjigm gj|fk qlw|f{ nc {jj `|gm w{i{l nc{lqrlc{njc ncgj`ticnlw# [ml gj`t|fwnjcw jb bncl aificgnco qlw|f{lk nc kqjttnco jb tqjtjwif {j i`lck {ml TGI# N{ iwklgnklk {mi{ NTG al i`lcklk {j ìel tqnri{l wlg{jq fniafl bjq oqib{& ick {ml i~w jb kjnco n{ ì~ lrjfrlbqj` gjcw|f{i{njcw# [ml Gj`ticnlw Ig{& 9><2& miw tlcif tqjrnwnjcw {j klif n{m gqn`ncif jbblcgl nc iclc{lqtqnwl# _mnfl gjqq|t{njc jq aqnalq~ nw cj{ wtlgnbnlk nc {ml wink fi& {ml `lgmicnw` jb iggj|c{w icki|kn{& ncwtlg{njc iw onrlc nc Gj`tic~ Fi Ajiqk& iql |wlk {j gmlge qjcokjncow# Ic i`lck`lc{ {jTGI iw l}i`nclk iw tjwwnafl jt{njc a|{ iw kqjttlk i`nk bliqw {mi{ w{i{l nc{lqrlc{njc nc nc{lqcif



tqjglwwlw jb ic jqoicnxi{njc gj|fk cloi{nrlf~ n`tig{ {ml lbbngnlcg~ nc cjcojrlqc`lc{ wlg{jq# Alwnklw& n{gj|fk ncgqliwl {ml a|qklc |cklq TGI mngm ic~i~ nw bignco m|ol klfi~w nc {qnifw jb t|afng wlqric{w#-[JN& 9?*42*1499.

_j`lc gic ellt hja " gmnfk g|w{jk~ {jj8 MG@\@AIN8 I jqenco jìc gic {iel giql jb mlq gmnfkqlc ick mlq hja nw cj{ i qliwjc {j klc~ mlq g|w{jk~jb mlq gmnfk& {ml Ajài~ mnom gj|q{ miw q|flk# I knrnwnjc alcgm jb H|w{nglw Rnhi~i Eitwl[imnfqiìcn ick@ F [imifn~icn {mql j|{ i mialiw gjqt|w tl{n{njc bnflk a~ i 7<~liqjfk Ciot|q qlwnklc{& Cnflwm Wi{mlmj wj|om{ g|w{jk~ jb mnw bnrl~liqjfk ki|om{lq bqj` mnw lw{qicolk nbl wi~nco wml mik i b|ff{n`l hja#!_jqenco j`lc iql {ienco giql jb {mlnq gmnfkqlc rlq~ lff ick n{ wmj|fk cj{ al {ml oqj|ckw bjq knw{|qanco{ml g|w{jk~ jb {ml gmnfk&! wink {ml h|kolw# [ml~ ikklk {mi{ gjcwnklqnco {ml iol jb {ml gmnfk& elltnco mlq nc{ml g|w{jk~ jb {ml `j{mlq j|fk al tqlblqiafl {j wlcknco mlq {j fnrl n{m mlq bi{mlq# !N{ nw cj{ {ml giwl {mi{{ml bi{mlq nw hjaflww ick ml gic {iel giql jb {ml gmnfk {ml mjfl ki~&! {ml h|kolw wink# Wi{ml nc mnw tl{n{njcwink {mi{ Cllfnì mik flb{ mlq ì{qn`jcnif mj`l fiw{ Cjrlàlq# Ml ifflolk {mi{ Cllfnì& nc Itqnf 1499&bjqgnaf~ {jje {mlnq ki|om{lq bqj` mnw mj`l n{m {ml mlft jb tjfngl tlqwjcclf# Ml |qolk {ml gj|q{ {j knqlg{{ml tjfngl {j tqjk|gl mnw ki|om{lq ick mick jrlq mlq g|w{jk~ {j mn`# [ml tjfngl klcnlk |wnco bjqgl ick{jfk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ Wi{ml mik {ielc ii~ mnw ki|om{lq bqj` Cllfnì/w g|w{jk~# Fi{lq& mlc {ml~ rnwn{lkWi{ml/w mj|wl {ml gmnfk mik q|wmlk {j {ml `j{mlq# [ml tjfngl gfin`lk {ml~ mik i{{l`t{lk {j qlgjcgnfl {mlgj|tfl a|{ knk cj{ w|ggllk# Wi{ml gfin`lk {mi{ wncgl mnw nbl iw i jqenco jìc& wml gj|fk cj{ ti~i{{lc{njc {j {mlnq ki|om{lq ick {mnw j|fk ibblg{ mlq lfbiql# Ml b|q{mlq ifflolk {mi{ Cllfnì/w wnw{lq iw

ic ic{nwjgnif lfl`lc{ ick mlq `j{mlq -{ml gmnfk/w oqick`j{mlq. iw mirnco ic nffngn{ ibbinq# [ml gj|q{ wink{mi{ {mlql iw cj tqjjb iaj|{ {ml iffloi{njcw ioincw{ {ml oqick`j{mlq# !Cj ì{lqnif nw tfiglk albjql |w {jwmj {mi{ {ml oqick`j{mlq nw {jj jfk ick nw cj{ iafl {j {iel giql jb {ml gmnfk&! wink {ml h|kolw# [ml~ mlfk{mi{ {ml g|w{jk~ jb {ml gmnfk gj|fk cj{ al {ielc ii~ bqj` mlq h|w{ algi|wl wml mik i hja ick knw`nwwlkWi{ml/w tl{n{njc# -[JN& 19*42*1499.

Ojrlqcjq wllew gfiqnbngi{njcw jc `lqg~ tfliMjtlw jb ic liqf~ klgnwnjc jc {ml `lqg~ tl{n{njc jb @jmi``lk Emifnf Gmnwm{~& {ml Tienw{icn kjg{jq cj|cklqojnco fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ nc Qihiw{mic/w Ih`lq Glc{qif Hinf& mirl allc kiwmlk n{m ig{nco OjrlqcjqWmnrqih Ti{nf ql{|qcnco {ml bnfl {j {ml W{i{l Mj`l Kltiq{`lc{ jc [|lwki~ n{m i fnw{ jb y|lqnlw# [mlgfl`lcg~ tfli bqj` {ml ?=~liqjfk rnqjfjonw{& w|ttjq{lk a~ i fiqol c|àlq jb m|ìc qnom{w ig{nrnw{wncgf|knco H|w{ngl @iqeickl~ Ei{h| jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{& rl{lqic hj|qcifnw{ E|fknt Ci~iq ick bnf`ìelq@imlwm Ami{{& iw gfliqlk a~ Qihiw{mic Gmnlb @ncnw{lq Iwmje Olmfj{ fiw{ Bqnki~# [ml `lqg~ tl{n{njc bqj`

Kq# Gmnwm{~ nw ifwj tlcknco albjql Tqlwnklc{ Tqi{nami Ti{nf# [ml Tqlwnklc{/w tjlq {j oqic{ `lqg~ nc w|gmgiwlw gj`lw |cklq Iq{ngfl ?1 jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc mnfl {mi{ jb {ml Ojrlqcjq nw |cklq {ml tqjrnwnjcw jbIq{ngfl 929# Kq# Gmnwm{~& wlc{lcglk jrlq i `|qklq mngm {jje tfigl nc {ml Ih`lq Wmiqnb Kiqoim tql`nwlwnc 9>>1& nw alwl{ a~ i mjw{ jb mlif{m tqjafl`w& ncgf|knco i mnt bqig{|ql# [mjwl w|ttjq{nco mnw qlfliwl iql&nc big{& jqqnlk ml{mlq ml j|fk al iafl {j ìel n{ aige {j Eiqigmn nc jcl tnlgl# _mnfl |cfnelf~& {ml~ifwj nwm {mi{ {ml iccj|cgl`lc{ jb mnw qlfliwl j|fk gj`l albjql H|cl 17& mlc {ml bjqlnoc wlgql{iqnlwjb aj{m Nckni ick Tienw{ic iql wgmlk|flk {j `ll{ nc Nwfiìaik# @q# Ti{nf& mj nw w{i{njclk nc Gmicknoiqm ‛ alnco {ml qlo|fiq Ojrlqcjq jb T|chia ‛ qligmlk {ml Qihiw{mic gitn{if jc @jcki~ ick gifflk bjq W{i{lMj`l Wlgql{iq~ T# E# Kla jc [|lwki~ {j knwg|ww {ml nww|l# [ml `ll{nco qltjq{lkf~ fiw{lk ic mj|q&k|qnco mngm @q# Ti{nf fnw{lk ìc~ y|lqnlw& ncgf|knco jcl jc m~ {ml {qnif {jje w|gm i fjco tlqnjk ‛ 9=~liqw5 {ml wlc{lcgl gi`l nc Hic|iq~ {mnw ~liq# Bjq iff tqig{ngif t|qtjwlw& @q# Ti{nf ql{|qclk {ml bnfl {j {mlMj`l Kltiq{`lc{#”Cj{ tqjgqiw{nci{njc/

Cj l`nclc{ `lc jb fi y|lw{njc {ml nwkj` jb {ml Ojrlqcjq l}lqgnwnco w|gm ic jt{njc# [ml~ tjnc{ j|{{mi{ lrlc {ml mnomlw{ gj|q{ jb fi miw& nc {ml tiw{& ig{lk jc {ml ikrngl jb {ml ojrlqc`lc{# ‖[mlql iqlwlrlqif klgnwnjcw jb {ml Ncknic W|tql`l Gj|q{ {mi{ lrlc nc {ml ì{{lq jb oqic{nco tiqkjc& {mlTqlwnklc{*Ojrlqcjq miw {j ig{ jc {ml ikrngl jb {ml ojrlqc`lc{ ick cj{ jc mnw jc knwgql{njc&‐ jawlqrlkic l`nclc{ h|kol gj``lc{nco jc {ml klfi~& mngm ml {lq`lk ‖tqjgqiw{nci{njc‐#”Cj{ knwmliq{lclk/M|ìc qnom{w ig{nrnw{w mlql iql i an{ knwittjnc{lk a|{ cj{& nc ic~ i~& knwmliq{lclk# ‖[ml gi`tinoc&gjcwnw{nco jb wlrlqif jb |w jc aj{m wnklw jb {ml ajqklq nc Nckni ick Tienw{ic& nw cj{ ojnco {j alkl`jqifnwlk a~ {mnw&‐ wink Eirn{i Wqnriw{iri& olclqif wlgql{iq~ jb Tljtfl/w \cnjc bjq Gnrnf Fnalq{nlw&Qihiw{mic# ‖_l nff gjc{nc|l jqenco bjq {ml qlfliwl ick wlck Kq# Gmnwm{~ aige mj`l# _l nff `ll{ iff



{ml Uclglwwiq~ i|{mjqn{nlwP ick lcw|ql mnw liqf~ qlfliwl#‐ -Mnck|& 11*42*1499.

Cj gjcrng{njc |cflww gmiqolk lrlc nb i|{jtw~ qlrlifw qitl8WGLrlc nb {ml tjw{ `jq{l` qlrlifw wl}|if iwwi|f{& i tlqwjc giccj{ al gjcrng{lk bjq qitl |cflww gmiqolkn{m {ml jbblcgl jq {ml igg|wlk onrlc ic jttjq{|cn{~ {j l}tfinc {ml ì{lqnif ioincw{ mn`& {ml W|tql`lGj|q{ miw q|flk# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw A W Gmi|mic ick Wi{ic{lq E|ìq tiwwlk {ml q|fnco mnflqlrlqwnco {ml igy|n{{if jb {j gjcrng{w ick gmnklk {ml Iffimiaik Mnom Gj|q{ bjq kqinco ncblqlcglw jb qitlick `|qklq ioincw{ {ml knrjqglk m|waick jb {ml klgliwlk Qiwm`n `|qklqlk 79 ~liqw ioj jc @i~<&9>=4 nc \{{iq Tqiklwm# ![ml {qnif gj|q{ knk cj{ bqi`l ic~ gmiqol |cklq Wlg{njc 7?2 NTG -qitl. jqWlg{njc 7?2 qlik n{m Wlg{njc <99 NTG -i{{l`t{ {j gj``n{ jbblcgl.# @jqljrlq& cj n{clww mik lrlq`lc{njclk ic~{mnco nc {mnw qlwtlg{# [m|w& n{ nw al~jck ic~ w{ql{gm jb nìonci{njc jb ic~ tlqwjc& mj w|gmjawlqri{njcw gj|fk al ìkl a~ {ml Mnom Gj|q{# ![m|w& lrlc nb {ml tjw{ `jq{l` qltjq{ qlrliflk ic~ wl}|ifiwwi|f{ jc {ml klgliwlk rng{n`& w|gm gjc{lc{w iql cj{ ik`nwwnafl nc wtn{l jb {ml big{ {mi{ {ml tjw{ `jq{l`qltjq{ mik allc l}mnan{lk ick tqjrlk a~ Kq O Q Wmiqì -T_#9.& nc rnl jb {ml big{w `lc{njclk mlqlnciajrl&! H|w{ngl Gmi|mic& qn{nco {ml h|kol`lc{& wink# Nc {ml ncw{ic{ giwl& {ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{ ncWimiqict|q mik wlc{lcglk @jmk Nyqi` ick icj{mlq tlqwjc bjq w{qico|fi{nco {j kli{m Qiwm`n i{ mlqmj|wl mj iw knrjqglk bqj` W|qlwm E|ìq# [mj|om {ml tqjwlg|{njc mik ci`lk W|qlwm iw ic igg|wlk&{ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{ igy|n{{lk mn` jb {ml gmiqolw#[ml klgliwlk iw qlwnknco nc i tjq{njc jb {ml mj|wl jbW|qlwm iw tlq i klgqll jb i ì{qn`jcnif gj|q{ mngm mik ifwj jqklqlk mn` {j ti~ mlq i `jc{mf~ìnc{lcicgl jb Qw 9<4# Qiwm`n mik bnflk ic ittlif nc {ml ittlffi{l gj|q{ k|qnco {ml tlcklcg~ jb mngm

wml iw `|qklqlk# [ml mnom gj|q{& mjlrlq& igy|n{{lk @jmk Neqi` ick {ml j{mlq igg|wlk a|{ lc{ jc {jncblq {mi{ W|qlwm mik tqjaiaf~ gj``n{{lk {ml `|qklq ib{lq gj``n{{nco mlq qitl# N{ wink !{ml tjw{`jq{l`qltjq{ wmjw {mi{ wl`ncif bf|nk iw bj|ck nc mlq rioncif tiq{ ick wlrlqif ic{l`jq{l` nch|qnlw mik ifwjallc ncbfng{lk jc mlq# [ml i|{jtw~ nckngi{lk iw nb wml iw w|ahlg{ {j bjqgnafl nc{lqgj|qwl ifwj albjql mlqkli{m# ![ml oqli{lq tjwwnanfn{~ nw {mi{ n{ iw mlq m|waick mj g|{ wmjq{ mlq fnbl ib{lq ncbfng{nco wlrlqifnch|qnlw jc mlq ick w{qico|fi{nco mlq a|{ albjql kjnco {mi{ ml lrlc mik bjqgnafl wl}|if nc{lqgj|qwl n{mmlq l}mnan{nco wiknw{ng {lcklcg~#!Iooqnlrlk a~ {ml igy|n{{if& {ml \T ojrlqc`lc{ mik ittliflk nc {ml itl}gj|q{ -Klggic Mlqifk& 17*42*1499.

Kjg{jqw `|w{ ol{ alclbn{ jb kj|a{8 Gjcw|`lq ticlf[ml Ci{njcif Gjcw|`lq Gj``nwwnjc miw q|flk {mi{ i kjg{jq gic„{ al mlfk qlwtjcwnafl bjq lrlq~ `lkngifclofnolcgl k|qnco {ml gj|qwl jb {ml {qli{`lc{ {j i ti{nlc{# [ml itl} gjcw|`lq gj|q{„w qlwtjcwl gi`l jci tl{n{njc bnflk a~ W|amlck| @ih|`kiq& i qlwnklc{ jb Ejfei{i& mj miw ifflolk {mi{ ml fjw{ rnwnjc nc jcl jb

mnw l~lw nc 9>>2 k|l {j `lkngif clofnolcgl# W|amlck| miw igg|wlk Kq Iwmnwm Ami{{igmlqhll jb flirncomnw l~lw ncblg{lk# [|qcnco kjc W|amlck|„w tfli& {ml gjcw|`lq gj``nwwnjc y|j{lk {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{o|nklfnclw jc i kjg{jq„w qjfl ick wink& ‖[ml `lkngif tqjblwwnjcifw iql lc{n{flk {j ol{ tqj{lg{njc wj fjco iw{ml~ tlqbjq` {mlnq k|{nlw n{m qliwjciafl wenff ick gj`tl{lcgl ick nc {ml nc{lqlw{ jb {ml ti{nlc{w# [mlnc{lqlw{ ick lfbiql jb {ml ti{nlc{w mirl {j al tiqi`j|c{ bjq {ml `lkngif tqjblwwnjcifw#‐ W|amlck| ifwjafi`lk {ml kjg{jq jb cj{ tlqbjq`nco {ml gi{iqig{ w|qolq~ tqjtlqf~ ick knwgmiqonco mn` bqj` {ml mjwtn{ifliqf~# Ml miw klìcklk gj`tlcwi{njc jb cliqf~ Qw14 fiem# Knw`nwwnco mnw iffloi{njcw {ml ticlf q|flk&‖Nc {ml qlif` jb kniocjwnw ick {qli{`lc{ {mlql nw wgjtl bjq olc|ncl knbblqlcgl jb jtncnjc ick jcltqjblwwnjcif kjg{jq nw gfliqf~ cj{ clofnolc{ `lqlf~ algi|wl mnw gjcgf|wnjc knbblqw bqj` {mi{ jb j{mlqtqjblwwnjcif kjg{jq#‐ -KCI& 1?*42*1499.

Flienco mlif{m ncbjqì{njc nc Nckni gic fick ~j| nc tqnwjcFlienco ncbjqì{njc jc {ml mlif{m jb ic ncknrnk|if ì~ liqc i {lq` nc tqnwjc bjq wn} `jc{mw ick ifwj i bncl

|t {j Qw9 fiem# Iggjqknco {j {ml cl Tqnrig~ Anff& 1499& mngm nw wfi{lk {j al {iaflk nc Tiqfni`lc{ k|qnco{ml bjq{mgj`nco wlwwnjc& ic~ mlif{m ncbjqì{njc jb ic~ gn{nxlc jb Nckni gjfflg{lk n{m mnw gjcwlc{ wmiff alelt{ a~ {ml tlqwjc {nff {ml {n`l {ml ncknrnk|if ic{w ick fi{lq n{ wmj|fk al ql{|qclk jq klw{qj~lk# \cklq {mltqjrnwnjc nc {ml kqib{ Anff {mi{ miw >; wlg{njcw& cj tlqwjc jq jbbnglq jb {ml ojrlqc`lc{ wmiff gjfflg{ mlif{mncbjqì{njc nc qlwtlg{ jb ic ncknrnk|if wj iw {j qlrlif nc t|afng mnw mlif{m ncbjqì{njc {m|w ikrlqwlf~ibblg{nco mnw qnom{ {j tqnrig~# !_mjwjlrlq knwgfjwlw nc t|afng& {ml mlif{m ncbjqì{njc nc qlwtlg{ jb ic~gn{nxlc jb Nckni nc gjc{qirlc{njc jb {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {mnw Ig{& wmiff al t|cnwmiafl bjq w|gm jbblcgl n{mn`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq i {lq` mngm ì~ l}{lck {j wn} `jc{mw jq n{m i bncl mngm ì~ l}{lck {j Qw9 fiem& jqn{m aj{m&! {ml anff wink |cklq n{w Mlif{m Ncbjqì{njc Tqnrig~# [ml anff tqjtjwlw {mi{ ic~ mlif{m ncbjqì{njcjb ic~ gn{nxlc jb Nckni gjfflg{lk n{m mnw gjcwlc{ jq i|{mjqnwlk |cklq fi wmiff cj{ al qlrliflk nc t|afng#



Mlif{m Ncbjqì{njc Tqnrig~ nw tiq{ jb {ml riqnj|w `liw|qlw tqjtjwlk nc {ml Anff mngm tqjtjwlw i`jcoj{mlq {mncow w{qncolc{ t|cnwm`lc{& ncgf|knco qlrjgi{njc jb fnglcglw jb {lflgj` wlqrngl tqjrnklqw& bjqnffloiff~ nc{lqglt{nco {lfltmjcl giffw ick ìenco {mlnq gjc{lc{ t|afng# N{ ifwj ncgf|klw i t|cnwm`lc{ jb itqnwjc {lq` jb bnrl ~liqw bjq tljtfl nck|fonco nc |ci|{mjqnwlk wt~nco jc ic~ ncknrnk|if# _mnfl nffloifwcjjtnco jq nc{lqglt{njc gic fick i tlqwjc nc hinf bjq i tlqnjk jb bnrl ~liqw ick i bncl |t {j Qw9 fiem&tljtfl ncrjfrlk nc gnqg|fi{njc jb ic nc{lqglt{lk gj``|cngi{njc jq ic~ j{mlq tlqwjcif ncbjqì{njc wmiff alt|cnwmlk n{m i tqnwjc {lq` jb {mqll ~liqw ick n{m i bncl |t {j Qw<4&444# [ml Anff ifwj tqjtjwlw {j wl{|t i Ki{i Tqj{lg{njc I|{mjqn{~ jb Nckni -KTIN. {j `jcn{jq ick lcbjqgl gj`tfnicgl jb iff tqjrnwnjcw ickqlglnrl ick ncrlw{noi{l gj`tfinc{w iaj|{ ifflolk rnjfi{njcw jb ki{i tqj{lg{njc q|flw# KTIN nff tqjal ic~ki{i wlg|qn{~ aqligm ick nww|l ittqjtqni{l jqklqw iw ì~ al qly|nqlk {j wiblo|iqk wlg|qn{~ nc{lqlw{w jbiff ibblg{lk ncknrnk|ifw n{m qloiqk {j tlqwjcif ki{i {mi{ miw jq nw fnelf~ {j mirl allc gj`tqj`nwlk a~wlg|qn{~ aqligm# [ml tqjtjwlk i|{mjqn{~ wmiff gjcwnw{ jb i gminqtlqwjc ick cj{ `jql {mic {j `làlqwmj mirl wtlgnif ecjflkol ick tqjblwwnjcif l}tlqnlcgl jb ki{i tqj{lg{njc& nck|w{q~& bncicgl& fiìciol`lc{ ick gjcw|`lq ibbinqw ick {ml wlflg{njc wmiff al kjcl a~ {ml ojrlqc`lc{# [ienco i {j|omw{ick ioincw{ ojrlqc`lc{ jbbnglqw& {ml Anff tqjtjwlw {mi{ !mlql ic jbblcgl |cklq {mnw Ig{ miw allcgj``n{{lk a~ ic~ kltiq{`lc{ jb {ml Ojrlqc`lc{& {ml Mlik jb {ml Kltiq{`lc{ wmiff al kll`lk {j alo|nf{~ jb {ml jbblcgl ick wmiff al fniafl {j al tqjgllklk ioincw{ ick t|cnwmlk iggjqkncof~ |cflww mltqjrlw {mi{ {ml jbblcgl iw gj``n{{lk n{mj|{ mnw*mlq ecjflkol jq ml*wml l}lqgnwlk k|l knfnolcgl {jtqlrlc{ {ml gj``nwwnjc jb w|gm jbblcgl#! -KCI& 1?*42*1499.

Qlfnonj|w bici{ngnw` wmj|fk al klif{ n{m bnq` mick8 MGJawlqrnco {mi{ qlfnonj|w bici{ngnw` wmj|fk al klif{ n{m i bnq` mick& {ml Elqifi Mnom Gj|q{ jc @jcki~knw`nwwlk ainf ittfngi{njcw jb {j igg|wlk nc {ml giwl qlfi{nco {j {ml gmjttnco jb {ml mick jb i tqnri{lgjfflol flg{|qlq nc H|f~ fiw{ ~liq# [ml giwl qlfi{lw {j {ml i{{ige jc [ H Hjwltm bjq tqltiqnco i y|lw{njctitlq mirnco glq{inc ifflolk klqjoi{jq~ qlblqlcglw {j Tqjtml{ @jmi``lk# Knw`nwwnco ainf ittfngi{njcwjb Wmn~iw ick @jmi``lk Ifn& i knrnwnjc alcgm gj`tqnwnco h|w{nglw I E Aiwmllq ick T Y Aiqyi{ Ifn wink&‖_l mirl cj kj|a{ {mi{ {ml gmiqolw flrlfflk ioincw{ {ml igg|wlk iql `jw{ mlncj|w#‐ [ml gj|q{ wink iwìff wlg{njc alfjconco {j wj`l qlfnonjc |cbjq{|ci{lf~ ol{ giqqnlk ii~ a~ bici{ngnw` ick nff|wjq~jttqlwwnjc ick rng{n`nwi{njc# ‖Qlfnonj|w bici{ngnw` jb iff m|lw ick wmiklw wmj|fk al klif{ n{m i bnq`mick# _mi{ nw wikklcnco nc {mnw giwl nw {mi{ {ml Tqjtml{ miw allc qnkng|flk# [ml~ wll` {j mirl bjqoj{{lc{ml qlifn{~ {mi{ {ml~ iql fnrnco nc i gj|c{q~ mngm onrlw {ml` iawjf|{l bqllkj` {j tqig{nwl {mlnq qlfnonjc&‐{ml alcgm wink# [ml gj|q{ tjnc{lk j|{ {mi{ qlfnonj|w miq`jc~ ick {jflqicgl {mi{ `làlqw jb `ncjqn{~gj``|cn{~ lchj~ nw |ctiqifflflk ick {mlql nw cj w~`ti{m~ {j `nwgqlic{w gqli{nco gj``|cif knwmiq`jc~#

‖[ml~ iql {iqcnwmnco {ml nìol jb cj{ jcf~ {ml gj|c{q~& a|{ {mlnq jc qlfnonjc&‐ {ml alcgm wink# Mjlrlq&{ml gj|q{ oqic{lk ainf {j icj{mlq igg|wlk @jnkllc E|{{~ jb Rificgmlqq~ nc @ifitt|qi knw{qng{ mj nw ncg|w{jk~ wncgl H|f~ 11 fiw{ ~liq# -NL& 1=*42*1499.

Giwlw ioincw{ cl{iw wlfkj` tqjalk tqjtlqf~& wi~w W|tql`l Gj|q{CL_ KLFMN8 [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw `jrlk {j tf|o fjjtmjflw nc {ml h|kngnif ik`ncnw{qi{njc w~w{l` {mi{iql l}tfjn{lk {j |cklq`ncl tqjal nc{j gqn`ncif giwlw ncrjfrnco n`tjq{ic{ tjfn{ngif bno|qlw ick ncjqknci{lf~klfi~ {mlnq {qnif# [lq`nco {ml tqjafl` i /oqirl ick wlqnj|w/ kicolq {j h|w{ngl klfnrlq~ w~w{l`& {ml itl}gj|q{ miw wj|om{ i qltjq{ bqj` {ml Fi Gj``nwwnjc jc {ml nww|l# [ml ncn{ni{nrl gi`l nc qlwtjcwl {j i TNFbnflk qlglc{f~ a~ R E Jmqn mngm w{i{lk {mi{ gqn`ncif giwlw ioincw{ ncbf|lc{nif tlqwjcw wlfkj` oj{ tqjtlqf~ncrlw{noi{lk ick {qnlk binqf~& l}tlkn{nj|wf~ ick nc iggjqkicgl n{m fi# !Iw i qlw|f{& ncbf|lc{niftljtfl*igg|wlk mirnco gj``n{{lk mlncj|w jbblcglw iql cj{ aqj|om{ {j ajje ick iql `jw{f~ iafl {jlwgitl# [mnw qlw|f{w& jc ìc~ jggiwnjcw& nc{j oqirl `nwgiqqniol jb h|w{ngl ick lqjklw {ml gqlknanfn{~ jb

{ml gqn`ncif h|w{ngl w~w{l`&! Jmqn/w gj|cwlf Tqiwmic{ Am|wmic {jfk {ml gj|q{# I alcgm gj`tqnwnco H|w{nglwIb{ia Ifi` ick Q @ Fjkmi wink& ![ml tqjafl` nklc{nbnlk nc {ml qn{ tl{n{njc nw nckllk oqirl ick qly|nqlwwlqnj|w gjcwnklqi{njc# Mjlrlq& {ml gj|q{ bnckw n{ knbbng|f{ {j klif n{m {ml nww|l nc i `licncob|f i~ nc {mliawlcgl jb clglwwiq~ ki{i ick iff {ml big{w ick bno|qlw qlflric{ {j {ml nww|l#! N{ ikklk& !Nc {mlwlgnqg|`w{icglw& itiq{ bqj` l}tlg{nco i wlqnj|w iwwnw{icgl bqj` {ml wnkl jb {ml \cnjc jb Nckni& l j|fkfnel {ml Fi Gj``nwwnjc jb Nckni {j l}i`ncl {ml ì{{lq ick w|a`n{ n{w qltjq{ n{m i rnl {j iwwnw{ {mlgj|q{#! [ml gj|q{ qly|lw{lk {ml gj``nwwnjc {j gjcwnklq {ml nww|l ick w|a`n{ i kl{inflk qltjq{ a~ lck jbI|o|w{& mlc Jmqn/w tl{n{njc j|fk al {ielc |t bjq mliqnco ibqlwm# [ml gj``nwwnjc mliklk a~ H|w{ngl TR Qlkk~ knwg|wwlk {ml nww|l fiw{ lle ick elt{ n{ bjq b|q{mlq klfnalqi{njc cl}{ `jc{m# [ml tl{n{njclq mikgn{lk {ml giwl jb Wmna| Wjqlc& ifflonco {mi{ klwtn{l alnco klgfiqlk tqjgfin`lk jbblcklq nc i giwl& ml iw



iafl {j irjnk iqqlw{ ifflolkf~ nc gjccnricgl n{m tjfngl& ick i{{lcklk Tiqfni`lc{& lflg{njc `ll{ncow ickalgi`l i `ncnw{lq i{ {ml Glc{ql# !Wn`nfiq nw {ml bi{l jb {mj|wickw jb giwlw ioincw{ ncbf|lc{nif tlqwjcw mjmirl gj``n{{lk oq|lwj`l gqn`lw ioincw{ gj``jc ìc ick mirl ojcl wgj{ bqll k|l {j klfi~ nc tqjglwwìcnt|fi{lk a~ {ml` algi|wl jb {mlnq ncbf|lcgl&! {ml tl{n{njclq wink# [ml j|{gj`l jb {ml giwl gj|fk ibblg{{ml tqjgllkncow jb {ml 1O wgi` {qnif nc mngm bjq`lq {lflgj` `ncnw{lq I Qihi& @T Eicn`jxmn ickgjqtjqi{l anoonlw iql ìkl igg|wlk ib{lq {ml GAN bnflk i gmiqolwmll{ ifflonco {mi{ {ml ci{njc iwgmli{lk jb Qw 11&444 gqjql algi|wl jb nqqlo|fiq iffj{`lc{ jb wtlg{q|`# -[JN& 1>*42*1499.

MG {j gjcwnklq ml{mlq ik|f{lq~ wmj|fk al ic jbblcgl[ml gjcw{n{|{njcif rifnkn{~ jb {ml wlg{njc ;>? ‗ tlq{incnco {j ik|f{lq~ ‗ jb {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl -NTG. miwgj`l |cklq h|kngnif wgicclq& n{m {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ mliqnco i tl{n{njc bnflk a~ i gn{~aiwlka|wnclwwìc gmifflconco {ml wlg{njc# [ml a|wnclwwìc ittqjigmlk {ml Gj|q{ ib{lq ml iw ajjelk|cklq ;>? bjq ifflolkf~ mirnco ic ibbinq n{m i ìqqnlk jìc# [ml jbblcgl i{{qig{w t|cnwm`lc{ jb |t {jbnrl ~liqw# Wlcnjq gj|cwlf Cn{llc Tqikmic& ittliqnco bjq {ml tl{n{njclq& iqo|lk {mi{ n{ iw {ml j`lc/wb|cki`lc{if qnom{ {j mirl wl} n{m i ìc jb mlq gmjngl ick {ml wi`l giccj{ al g|q{inflk a~ ic iqgmingick j|{ki{lk gjcglt{ jb klglcg~# !Tljtfl gj``n{ ik|f{lq~ jcf~ mlc {mlnq wtj|wl nw ncgj`ti{nafl# N{ nwmlc wj`l{mnco aloncw {j wj|q# N{ nw cj{ bjq {mqnffw {mi{ ic~jcl miw i qlfi{njcwmnt j|{wnkl ìqqniol# [mlqnom{ {j mirl wl} n{m i tlqwjc jb jcl/w gmjngl nw i b|cki`lc{if qnom{&! Tqikmic iqo|lk# Ml b|q{mlq iqo|lk{mi{ {ml tqjrnwnjc nc fi iw knwgqn`nci{jq~ iw i m|waick iooqnlrlk a~ mnw nbl/w l}{qiìqn{if qlfi{njcwmntgic ol{ mlq tiqi`j|q ajjelk |cklq wlg{njc ;>?& a|{ i nbl gic cj{ ncrjel {ml tqjrnwnjc nb {ml m|waick nw

mirnco ibbinq n{m icj{mlq jìc# Ikkn{njcif Wjfngn{jq Olclqif Kiqn|w Emiài{{i& mjlrlq& jttjwlk {mltl{n{njc& w{i{nco {mi{ {ml qnom{ {j aqlie |t i ìqqniol a~ mirnco ic nffngn{ ibbinq n{m wj`ljcl lfwl/w nbl ‗ giccj{ al wllc iw i Qnom{ {j Fnbl# ![ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw qlhlg{lk wn`nfiq tl{n{njc gmifflconco {mlncgf|wnjc jb ik|f{lq~ iw ic jbblcgl |cklq NTG jc {mqll jggiwnjcw&! Emiài{{i iqo|lk# !Nb {j ik|f{w ic{{j mirl gjcwlcw|if wl} {ml~ iql bqll {j kj wj a|{ {ml~ wmj|fk qlìnc j|{wnkl {ml ncw{n{|{njc jb ìqqniol&!H|w{ngl A M @iqfitiffl jawlqrlk mnfl ikhj|qcnco {ml ì{{lq bjq b|q{mlq mliqnco# -NL& 74*42*1499.

Qw# 11 fiembjq iggnklc{ rng{n`/w encIc Iggnklc{ Gfin`w [qna|cif miw iiqklk Qw# 11#79 fiem iw gj`tlcwi{njc {j {ml bi`nf~ jb ia|wnclwwìc mj knlk nc ic iggnklc{ mlql bj|q ~liqw ioj# [ml @j{jq Iggnklc{ Gfin`w [qna|cif tqlwnklkjrlq a~ Iwmicn Wiqtif knqlg{lk Ci{njcif Ncw|qicgl Gj`tic~ Fn`n{lk& ncw|qlq jb i @iq|{n ric mngm mn{W|amiwm Gmick/w `j{jqg~gfl& {j ti~ {ml i`j|c{ {j mnw nbl ick {mlnq bj|q `ncjq gmnfkqlc# [ml gj|q{ ifwjiiqklk kiìolw nc birj|q jb mnw `j{mlq# Flcknco gqlklcgl {j {ml {lw{n`jc~ jb Ciqlwm& {ml tnffnjc qnklq

jc {ml `j{jqg~gfl kqnrlc a~ W|amiwm& ;9& {ml h|kol wink8 ‖N bnck cj oqj|ck {j knwalfnlrl {ml rlqwnjc jbtqjwlg|{njc n{clww& ick iggjqkncof~ n{ nw mlfk {mi{ {ml iggnklc{ mik {ielc tfigl n{m {ml jbblcknco giqk|l {j n{w qiwm ick clofnolc{ kqnrnco a~ n{w kqnrlq# [ml klgliwlk flb{ almnck mnw nbl& bj|q gmnfkqlc&ncgf|knco jcl nc {ml jà& ick mnw `j{mlq# [mlql lql rnq{|iff~ bnrl kltlcklc{w |tjc mn` i{ {ml {n`l jbmnw kli{m#‐ W|amiwm ick Ciqlwm/w `j{jqg~gfl iw mn{ a~ {ml ric i{ Aiici mlql jc @iqgm 9;& 144?# Mlknlk lnom{ ki~w fi{lq# [ml gj|q{ qlhlg{lk {ml ric jclqw/ tfli {mi{ {ml iggnklc{ {jje tfigl k|l {jclofnolc{ kqnrnco a~ {ml rng{n`& mj iw ifwj cj{ liqnco i mlf`l{# ‛ T[N -Mnck|& 49*4?*1499.

@ic gjcrng{lk bjq fnbl nc kjq~ kli{mGjcrng{nco ic igg|wlk m|waick ick j{mlq ncfiw nc i kjq~ qlfi{lk `|qklq giwl jb 144<& ikkn{njcifwlwwnjc h|kol jb Aifiwjql HA Kiwm jc [m|qwki~ wlc{lcglk {ml tqncgntif igg|wlk& Miqnwm Gmickqi @imif&{ml m|waick& {j i fnbl {lq` nc hinf ick Qw94&444 tlcif{~& if{lqci{nrlf~ 1 `jql ~liqw nc tqnwjc nc giwl jbklbi|f{# [ml j{mlq {j gjigg|wlk& {ml `j{mlqnc fi Fi}`n @imif ick {ml wnw{lq nc fi @icnei Kiw lql

wlc{lcglk i ? ~liq {lq` ifjco n{m Qw1&444 tlcif{~ ligm ick nc giwl jb klbi|f{& jcl `jql ~liq nc tqnwjc#[ml rng{n` Oj|qìcn Almlqi jb @nonqn`|ckn |cklq Eiìqki tjfngl fn`n{ mik ìqqnlk Miqnwm @imif jbAiw{i nc 1441# N{ iw ifflolk {mi{ if{mj|om kjq~ klìckw lql b|fbnfflk k|qnco ìqqniol& {mlaqnkloqjj`/w bi`nf~ qinwlk i b|q{mlq klìck bjq icj{mlq d<4&444 ib{lq {ml ìqqniol# _mnfl {ml rng{n`/wbi`nf~ gj|fk iqqicol Qw74&444 mngm iw onrlc {j Miqnwm& n{ iw cj{ tjwwnafl {j iqqicol {ml qlw{# [mnw{|qclk {j al {ml gi|wl jb mlq `|qklqlk jc Jg{jalq 9<& 144<# Ncn{niff~& {ml igg|wlk gfin`lk n{ i w|ngnkl a|{{ml tjw{ `jq{l` qltjq{ mik gjcbnq`lk n{ i `|qklq# Ikrjgi{l Tqicia Ticki gjck|g{lk {ml giwl jc almifbjb {ml tqjwlg|{njc# -Tnjcllq& 49*4?*1499.

Klgqn`ncifnwnco ik|f{lq~ j|fk |cklq`ncl ìqqniol8 Ajài~ MG



Kjnco ii~ n{m i tqjrnwnjc nc {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl mngm tlcifnwlw ik|f{lq~ j|fk |cklq`ncl {mlwicg{n{~ ick ncw{n{|{njc jb ìqqniol nc {ml wjgnl{~& {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ {jki~ jawlqrlk# I knrnwnjcalcgm jb h|w{nglw A M @iqfitiffl ick \ K Wifrn iw mliqnco i tl{n{njc gmifflconco {ml gjcw{n{|{njcifrifnkn{~ jb wlg{njc ;>? jb {ml NTG# !Nb {mnw wlg{njc tlq{incnco {j ik|f{lq~ iw i gqn`ncif jbblcgl nw kjcl ii~n{m& mi{ mittlcw {j {ml wicg{n{~ ick ncw{n{|{njc jb ìqqniol# [ml lc{nql gjcglt{ jb bi`nf~ ick ìqqniolj|fk al klbli{lk&! {ml h|kolw qlìqelk# I gn{~aiwlk a|wnclwwìc& mj nw bignco i gqn`ncif giwl |cklqwlg{njc ;>? bjq ifflolkf~ mirnco ibbinq n{m i ìqqnlk jìc& miw bnflk {ml tqlwlc{ tl{n{njc# !Nc {ml Ncknicwjgnl{~& ìqqniol nw gjcwnklqlk iw i wigqjwicg{ qlfi{njc al{llc i ì{|ql ìc ick i jìc# Ik|f{lq~ nwcj{ ic jbblcgl ioincw{ {ml wjgnl{~ a|{ ic jbblcgl ioincw{ {ml ajck jb ìqqniol&! H|w{ngl @iqfitiffljawlqrlk# !Nc bi`nf~ gj|q{& ìhjqn{~ jb knrjqgl giwlw iql bnflk jc oqj|ckw jb ncgj`ti{nanfn{~# Rlq~ blgiwlw iql bnflk jc {ml oqj|ckw jb ik|f{lq~# [ml qliwjc nw {jflqicgl# I ìqqnlk gj|tfl {qnlw n{w alw{ {jtqj{lg{ {ml ìqqniol&! ml wink# Ittliqnco bjq {ml tl{n{njclq& wlcnjq gj|cwlf Cn{llc Tqikmic mik liqfnlqiqo|lk {mi{ n{ iw i jìc/w b|cki`lc{if qnom{ {j mirl wl} n{m i ìc jb mlq gmjngl& ick n{ giccj{ alg|q{inflk a~ ic iqgming ick j|{ki{lk gjcglt{ jb klglcg~# Ikrjgi{l @nmnq Klwin& ittliqnco bjq {ml COJ/Bjq|` Ioincw{ Jttqlwwnjc jb _j`lc/ mngm miw bnflk ic nc{lqrlcnco ittfngi{njc nc {mnw giwl& iqo|lk {mi{{ml wlg{njc nw knwgqn`nci{jq~ ick wmj|fk al kjcl ii~ n{m# -Klggic Mlqifk& 49*4?*1499.

Anfenw Aicj giwl8 Ajài~ MG qlhlg{w ainf tfli jb gjcrng{w[ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ {jki~ qlhlg{lk ainf tfliw jb {ml wlrlc gjcrng{w nc {ml 1441 Anfenw Aicj oicoqitlgiwl ib{lq jawlqrnco {mi{ n{ iw i !wlqnj|w jbblcgl!# !Gjcwnklqnco {ml wlqnj|wclww ick oqirn{~ jb {ml giwl&

{ml igg|wlk giccj{ al qlfliwlk jc ainf {nff {ml bncif knwtjwif jb {mlnq ittlifw ioincw{ gjcrng{njc&! i knrnwnjcAlcgm jb H|w{nglw C M Ti{nf ick @qnk|fi Ami{eiq jawlqrlk# Iff {ml wlrlc igg|wlk lql wlc{lcglk {j fnbln`tqnwjc`lc{ a~ i {qnif gj|q{ nc 144= bjffjnco mngm {ml~ `jrlk MG wllenco ainf tlcknco knwtjwif jb {mlittlifw# Iggjqknco {j tqjwlg|{njc& jc @iqgm 7& 1441& Anfenw Aicj/w bi`nf~ iw i{{igelk a~ i `ja i{Qickmnet|q rnffiol& iaj|{ 1<4 e`w bqj` Im`lkiaik& k|qnco {ml tjw{Ojkmqi qnj{w# Lnom{ `làlqw jb mlqbi`nf~ lql enfflk ick Anfenw iw oicoqitlk& mnfl wn} j{mlq `làlqw jb mlq bi`nf~ lc{ `nwwnco# ![mligg|wlk iql bignco `|qklq ick qitl gmiqolw mngm iql wlqnj|w jbblcglw# I{ {mnw w{iol {ml igg|wlkgiccj{ al qlfliwlk&! H|w{ngl Ti{nf jawlqrlk# [ml mnom gj|q{ miw ik`n{{lk {ml ittlifw jb {ml igg|wlkioincw{ {ml gjcrng{njc ick ifwj {ml GAN/w ittlif wllenco kli{m tlcif{~ bjq {mqll jb {ml wlrlc gjcrng{w#[ml {qnif nc {ml giwl mik allc {qicwblqqlk {j i gj|q{ nc @|àin a~ {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ bjffjncoiffloi{njcw {mi{ {ml n{clwwlw gj|fk al ncbf|lcglk nc O|hiqi{# -NL& 49*4?*1499.

H|kol miqiwwlw jbbnglq& fjwlw hja

GMICKNOIQM8 Gj`nco {j {ml qlwg|l jb i mnw{flafjlq Miq~ici w{i{l gnrnf wlqrnglw jbbnglq& mj iwrng{n`nxlk bjq |cliq{mnco i wgi` nc {ml lk|gi{njc kltiq{`lc{ nc Ein{mif knw{qng{& {ml T|chia ick Miq~icimnom gj|q{ miw {lq`nci{lk {ml wlqrnglw jb i h|kol& Iwmicn E|ìq Wmjqn& bjq miqiwwnco ick tqlww|qnxncoWichllr Rlqì |cklq {ml ncbf|lcgl jb {ml {mlc klt|{~ gj``nwwnjclq jb Ein{mif& Qihncklq Ei{iqni# Ei{iqninw ic NIW jbbnglq jb Eiqci{iei gikql ick wjcncfi jb Miq~ici Tqiklwm Gjcoqlww Gj``n{{ll -MTGG.tqlwnklc{ Tmjjf Gmick @|fici# I{ tqlwlc{& ml nw tjw{lk iw ik`ncnw{qi{jq& Miq~ici |qaic klrlfjt`lc{i|{mjqn{~ -M\KI.# [ml klgnwnjc {j {lq`nci{l {ml wlqrnglw jb Wmjqn& ikkn{njcif knw{qng{ ick wlwwnjcw h|kol-IKH. Wnqwi& iw {ielc nc {ml b|ff gj|q{ `ll{nco jb {ml mnom gj|q{ jc @i~ 9># [mnw iw kjcl ib{lqgjcwnklqnco i qltjq{ a~ H|w{ngl Ihin Fiài jb {ml mnom gj|q{& mj mik {mjqj|omf~ tqjalk {ml iffloi{njcwflrlfflk a~ {ml mnw{flafjlq& mj nw tjw{lk iw ikkn{njcif knw{qng{ gj``nwwnjclq -IKG.& Ticgme|fi#Rlqì& k|qnco mnw w{nc{ iw iw IKG Ein{mif mik |cliq{mlk {ml nffloif tqig{nglw ikjt{lk a~ jbbngnifw jb WiqrWmnewmi Iamn~ic nc Itqnf 144?# [ml qltjq{ jb {ml ncy|nq~ ioincw{ Wmjqn gjck|g{lk a~ {ml MG jc Rlqì/wgj`tfinc{ w|a`n{{lk jc @iqgm 92 gjt~ jb mngm nw irinfiafl n{m {ml [n`lw jb Nckni ‛ mlfk {mi{ ncw{lik

jb {q~nco {j bnck j|{ Ei{iqni/w qjfl nc {ml wgi`& Wmjqn wmnb{lk {ml bjg|w {jiqkw Rlqì# N{ nw tqnì bignltqjrlk {mi{ ml iw ig{nco |cklq {ml ncbf|lcgl jb Ei{iqni # L}tqlwwnco wlqnj|w gjcglqc jrlq Wmjqn/wgjck|g{ jb giffnco {ml Rlqì {j mnw ql{nqnco qjj`& ncwnw{nco {mi{ ml m|wm |t {ml ì{{lq ick fi{lq tiwwncow{qng{|qlw ioincw{ mn`& {ml qltjq{ mlfk& //ml gj``n{{lk oqjww n`tqjtqnl{~ nc {ml gjck|g{ jb {qnif& iw i h|kngnifjbbnglq& n{ nw clrlq l}tlg{lk bqj` mn` {j wg|{{fl {ml gj|qwl jb h|w{ngl#! -[JN& 4;*4?*1499.

Gj|q{ wfitw bncl jb Qw# 9 fiem jc Ai{i Nckni F{k#[ml Eiqci{iei Mnom Gj|q{ jc @jcki~ n`tjwlk i bncl jb Qw# 9 fiem jc Ai{i Nckni F{k# bjq iw{nco {ml {n`ljb {ml gj|q{# I Knrnwnjc Alcgm gj`tqnwnco Gmnlb H|w{ngl H#W# Emlmiq ick H|w{ngl M#O# Qi`lwm n`tjwlk{ml bncl w{i{nco {mi{ {ml gj`tic~/w gj|cwlf |cclglwwiqnf~ {jje cliqf~ ic mj|q bjq iqo|`lc{ ncw{lik jb



ncbjq`nco {ml Alcgm iaj|{ i h|kol`lc{ jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{# [ml Alcgm wink {mi{ n{ j|fk mirl {ielccj{ `jql {mic i bl wlgjckw {j knw`nww {ml ittlif bnflk a~ {ml gj`tic~ nc gjcclg{njc n{m ic nck|w{qnifknwt|{l mik {ml gj|cwlf `lc{njclk {ml itl} gj|q{/w h|kol`lc{ nc gjcclg{njc n{m {ml knwt|{l# [ml Alcgmknqlg{lk {ml gj`tic~ {j kltjwn{ {ml bncl n{m {ml Aicoifjql @lkni{njc Glc{ql n{mnc {mqll `jc{mw#-Mnck|& 4<*4?*1499.

Cj{ngl {j I`n{iam& Wjc~ [R bjq EAG; tqj`j[ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ jc [|lwki~ nww|lk cj{nglw {j ig{jq I`n{iam Aigmgmic ick Wjc~ Lc{lq{inc`lc{[lflrnwnjc jc i tl{n{njc bnflk ioincw{ i tqj`j{njcif ikrlq{nwl`lc{ bjq {ml y|nx wmj Eiq|c Aiqcloi{Gjqqlfi{l& w{i{nco n{ ncw|f{lk i wfjoic onrlc a~ bqllkj` bnom{lq Ci{mifnl W|a miw Gmickqi Ajwl# [mlt|afng nc{lqlw{ fn{noi{njc tl{n{njc& bnflk a~ @|gew Wmiqì nc 1494& wi~w {ml tqj`j jb EAG; aqjikgiw{k|qnco I|o|w{Wlt{làlq {mi{ ~liq ittliqlk {j ìfnoc Ajwl/w wfjoic [|` `|xml emjjc kj& `lnc {|`mlixikn kjjcoiUOnrl `l ~j|q afjjk ick N nff onrl ~j| bqllkj`P# [ml gj|q{ knqlg{lk {ml ig{jq& {ml mjw{ jb{ml wmj& ick Wjc~ [R {j qlwtjck a~ H|f~ 1=# I Knrnwnjc Alcgm jb Gmnlb H|w{ngl @jmn{ Wmim ick H|w{nglO#W# Ojkajfl knqlg{lk @q# Wmiqì {j i`lck {ml tl{n{njc {j ncgf|kl {ml \cnjc Ncbjqì{njc ickAqjikgiw{nco @ncnw{q~ ick {ml Ikrlq{nwnco W{ickiqkw Gj|cgnf jb Nckni ifwj iw qlwtjcklc{w# [ml gj|q{ wink{mnw ib{lq {ml Glc{qif Ajiqk jb Bnf` Glq{nbngi{njc wink {ml~ lql i|{mjqnwlk {j onrl tlq`nwwnjc bjq q|ccnco{ml tqj`j nc {mli{qlw ick cj{ jc [R# Gj|cwlf bjq {ml ajiqk wink {ml glc{qif ajk~ bj|ck {ml tqj`j b|cc~ick cj{ klqjoi{jq~# A|{ {ml TNF wink8 ‖Bjq {ml t|qtjwl jb lwgifi{nco {ml [QT jb {ml qlifn{~ wmj& {mlGlc{qif Ajiqk jb Bnf` Glq{nbngi{njc ick Wjc~ Lc{lq{inc`lc{ [lflrnwnjc mirl ikrlq{lc{f~ ick t|qtjq{lkf~

ncw|f{lk {ml wfjoic onrlc a~ Cl{ihn#‐ @q# Wmiqì wink bnrl jb {ml wn} tqj`jw ittliqlk ‖ncw|f{nco&klbiì{jq~& `nwgmnlrj|w ick ìfnocnco#‐ ‖[ml wglclw mirl kltng{lk {mi{ wlrlqif tljtfl iql |ciiql jb{ml big{ U{mi{ {ml wfjoic iw onrlc {j oinc bqllkj` bjq j|q gj|c{q~P#‐ Nc ikkn{njc& n{ iw kltng{lk {mi{ {mlqllql wlrlqif Ncknicw mj nocjqlk {ml gjc{qna|{njc ìkl a~ Cl{ihn {j {ml ci{njc# Onrnco {ml qliwjc bjqìenco @q# Aigmgmic i qlwtjcklc{& @q# Wmiqì wink ml iw ‖wmjgelk ick w|qtqnwlk‐ {mi{ {ml flolckiq~iq{nw{ knkc/{ l}g|wl mn`wlfb bqj` ig{nco nc {ml tqj`j# Ml wink mnw{jqng wfjoicw onrlc a~ bqllkj` bnom{lqwwmj|fk al qlwtlg{lk iw `|gm iw {ml ci{njcif ic{ml`# -Mnck|& 42*4?*1499.

Ti~ kli{mg|`ql{nql`lc{ oqi{|n{~ {j ql{nqlk {ligmlq& wi~w Mnom Gj|q{[ml @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{ Alcgm mlql miw gj`l {j {ml qlwg|l jb i ql{nqlk wgmjjf mlikìw{lq mj iwklcnlk kli{mg|`ql{nql`lc{ oqi{|n{~ -KGQO. {j {ml {|cl jb Qw# 1#4; fiem jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ ml ifflolkf~knrlq{lk ojrlqc`lc{ b|ckw bjq t|qtjwlw j{mlq {mic {j mngm {ml~ lql nc{lcklk ick |{nfnwlk {mlìggjqknco {j mnw mn`w ick bicgnlw k|qnco mnw wlqrngl tlqnjk# Iffjnco i qn{ tl{n{njc bnflk a~ I# Lalclxlq

jb [nq|clfrlfn& H|w{ngl K# Miqntiqic{miìc knqlg{lk {ml Knqlg{jq jb Wgmjjf Lk|gi{njc -Mnomlq Wlgjckiq~.ick {ml [nq|clfrlfn Knw{qng{ Lk|gi{njcif Jbbnglq {j ti~ {ml KGQO i`j|c{ k|l {j {ml tl{n{njclq n{mnc lnom{llew ifjco n{m nc{lqlw{ i{ {ml qi{l jb 94 tlq glc{ wncgl 1441 mlc ml {jje rjf|c{iq~ ql{nql`lc{ bqj`wlqrngl# [ml h|kol wink {mi{ {lq`ncif alclbn{w gj|fk al n{mmlfk |cklq Q|fl > -9. -i. jb {ml [i`nf Cik|Tlcwnjc Q|flw& 9>?= jcf~ nb {mlql iw ic~ kltiq{`lc{if jq h|kngnif tqjgllknco mlqlnc i ojrlqc`lc{l`tfj~ll& mj mik i{{inclk {ml iol jb w|tlqicc|i{njc& iw bj|ck o|nf{~ jb oqirl `nwgjck|g{ jqclofnolcgl k|qnco {ml tlqnjk jb mnw wlqrngl# Nc {ml tqlwlc{ giwl& cj w|gm tqjgllkncow mik allc ncn{ni{lkioincw{ {ml tl{n{njclq mj hjnclk wlqrngl iw i Mnom Wgmjjf Iwwnw{ic{ nc 9>?=& oj{ tqj`j{lk iw MnomlqWlgjckiq~ Wgmjjf Mlikìw{lq nc 9>>2 ick {jje |t rjf|c{iq~ ql{nql`lc{ nc 1441 mnfl ml iw wlqrnco i{{ml Ojrlqc`lc{ Mnomlq Wlgjckiq~ Wgmjjf i{ Iàiwi`|kqi` nc [nq|clfrlfn knw{qng{# [ml tl{n{njclq iwqlfnlrlk bqj` wlqrngl jc @i~ 2& 1441 ick tink mnw `jc{mf~ tlcwnjc# [ml KGQO ifjcl iw n{mmlfk jc{ml aiwnw jb i|kn{ jahlg{njcw qinwlk nc Cjrlàlq 1447# [ml i|kn{ tiq{~ wgq|{ncnwlk kjg|`lc{w tlq{incnco{j {ml tlqnjk al{llc 9>>< ick 1447 ick bj|ck 1;4 jahlg{njcw jb mngm 1> lql qlfi{lk {j {ml tl{n{njclq#

[ml iffloi{njc flrlfflk ioincw{ {ml tl{n{njclq iw {mi{ ml knrlq{lk ojrlqc`lc{ b|ckw {j {ml {|cl jb Qw#1#2; fiem {j j{mlq jqew bjq mngm {ml~ lql cj{ `lic{ bjq# ‖N{ nw cj{ {ml giwl jb {ml qlwtjcklc{w {mi{ {mltl{n{njclq `nwittqjtqni{lk {ml b|ckw# Nc ic~ lrlc{& wncgl {mlql iw cj kltiq{`lc{if jq h|kngniftqjgllknco& {ml qlwtjcklc{w mirl cj i|{mjqn{~ {j klc~ KGQO&‐ {ml h|kol wink# -Mnck|& 42*4?*1499.

Enc jb iggnklc{ rng{n` {j ol{ gj`tlcwi{njcI `j{jq iggnklc{ {qna|cif miw iiqklk cliqf~ Qw 19 fiem iw gj`tlcwi{njc {j {ml bi`nf~ jb i KlfmnOjrlqc`lc{ jbbngnif mj w|gg|àlk {j mnw nch|qnlw nc Blaq|iq~ fiw{ ~liq bjffjnco i qjik iggnklc{#Qlfnicgl Olclqif Ncw|qicgl& {ml ncw|qlq jb {ml jbblcknco rlmngfl& iw knqlg{lk a~ {ml {qna|cif& tqlwnklkjrlq a~ jbbnglq Knclwm Ami{{& {j ti~ Qw 14#?< fiem iw gj`tlcwi{njc {j {ml bi`nf~ jb gn{~ Ojrlqc`lc{



jbbngnif& Amioi{n Tqiwik& n{mnc i `jc{m# Tqiwik& mj iw jqenco iw ic Iggj|c{w Jbbnglq n{m {ml KlfmnOjrlqc`lc{ ick iw i qlwnklc{ jb Klfmn Ik`ncnw{qi{njc bfi{w i{ [nìq T|q nc Cjq{m Klfmn& w|w{inclk wlrlqlnch|qnlw mlc ml iw mn{ a~ i wtllknco {l`tj nc {ml wi`l iqli mnfl ml iw kqnrnco {j jbbngl ncKlglàlq 144># [ml giq& {jj& iw l}{lcwnrlf~ kiìolk# Bjffjnco {ml iggnklc{& Tqiwik iw q|wmlk {jIq|ci Iwnb Ifn mjwtn{if bqj` mlql ml iw {ielc {j {ml Fje Ci~ie Hin Tqiami Mjwtn{if -FCHT. Mjwtn{ifmlql afjjk gfj{w lql kl{lg{lk nc mnw aqinc# Tqiwik iw wmnb{lk {j i tqnri{l c|qwnco mj`l ick {mlc {jItjffj Mjwtn{if& a|{ nc rinc# Tqiwik lrlc{|iff~ knlk nc liqf~ Blaq|iq~ 1494# -Tnjcllq& 42*4?*1499.

NQW jbbngnif ol{w {mqll ~liqw/ hinf bjq aqnalq~E Gmickqnei& ic jbbngnif jb Ncknic Qlrlc|l Wlqrngl& ick jcl {n`l Iwwnw{ic{ Gj``nwwnjclq jb Ncgj`l [i}&Aicoifjql& iw jc [|lwki~ gjcrng{lk ick wlc{lcglk {j {mqll~liq n`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq {ienco Qw 1 fiemaqnal bqj` i Aicoifjqlaiwlk bnq` nc 144># Gmickqnei & ic jbbngnif jb NQW& 144; ai{gm iw ifwj bnclk Qw9<4&444 a~ i wtlgnif gj|q{& iggjqknco {j {ml Glc{qif A|qli| jb Ncrlw{noi{njc -GAN. mngm tqjalk {ml giwl{mi{ iw qltjq{lk nc 144># I ìcionco knqlg{jq jb {ml Aicoifjqlaiwlk bnq` mik {mlc ifflolk nc mnwgj`tfinc{ {mi{ Gmickqnei mik klìcklk i aqnal jb Qw 94 fiem bqj` mn` bjq qlk|gnco {ml {i} fnianfn{~ jb mnwbnq`# [ml GAN wink n{ fink i {qit ick {ml igg|wlk iw ‖gi|om{ qlk micklk‐ mnfl klìcknco ick igglt{ncoi aqnal jb Qw 1 fiem bqj` {ml gj`tfincic{ jc Hic|iq~ 1& 144># [ml GAN bnflk i gmiqolwmll{ ioincw{Gmickqnei& {ml {mlc iwwnw{ic{ gj``nwwnjclq jb ncgj`l {i}& Aicoifjql& |cklq {ml Tqlrlc{njc jb Gjqq|t{njcIg{& 9>==# [ml {qnif gj|q{ bj|ck {ml igg|wlk o|nf{~ jb {ml jbblcgl ick gjcrng{lk mlq jc [|lwki~& {ml GANwink# -Klggic Mlqifk& 42*4?*1499.

Bjq`lq w|qoljc gjcrng{lk nc giwl jb `lkngif clofnolcglI bjq`lq w|qoljc iw {jki~ gjcrng{lk a~ i gn{~ ìonw{qi{l nc i giwl jb `lkngif clofnolcgl ncrjfrncokli{m jb i jìc nc 9>==# Kq Tqib|ffi Klwin& bjq`lq w|qoljc jb Ajài~ Mjwtn{if& iw wlc{lcglk {j|cklqoj wn`tfl n`tqnwjc`lc{ {nff {ml qnwnco jb {ml gj|q{ ick ifwj iwelk {j ti~ bncl jb Qw <4&444 {j {mlrng{n`/w m|waick# [ml gj`tfinc{ iw bnflk a~ TG Wncomn& i ql{nqlk NIW jbbnglq mjwl nbl Fllfi w|bblqlkbqj` iakj`ncif gicglq nc 9>??# Wml iw {ielc {j Wfjic El{{lqnco Mjwtn{if nc Cl ^jqe bjq ql`jrif jb mlq|{lq|w# Kjg{jqw {mlql oirl {ml jtncnjc {mi{ wml gj|fk cj{ al jtlqi{lk |tjc algi|wl n{ gj|fk {|qc bi{if#Ib{lq tqjb|wl rioncif afllknco& wml iw ik`n{{lk {j Ajài~ Mjwtn{if |cklq {qli{`lc{ jb Klwin jcKlglàlq >& 9>=?# Ml l}i`nclk mlq jc Klglàlq 9? ick qlgj``lcklk w|qolq~# Iggjqknco {j {mlgj`tfincic{& Klwin iwelk mnw iwwnw{ic{ Kq @|emlqhll {j jtlc mlq iakj`lc ick giff mn`# Ib{lq jtlcnco{ml iakj`lc& @|emlqhll bj|ck n{ iw ncjtlqiafl# Klwin iw {mlc nc icj{mlq jtlqi{njc {mli{ql# _mlcKlwin gi`l j|{& ml iwelk Kq @|emlqhll {j gfjwl {ml iakj`lc# Fllfi knlk jc Blaq|iq~ 12& 9>=>& nc

Hint|q jnco {j gj`tfngi{njcw iqnwnco j|{ jb {ml w|qolq~# Wncomn bnflk {ml gj`tfinc{ jc Wlt{làlq ?& 9>==#Tjfngl ìkl Kq @|emlqhll gjigg|wlk# Mjlrlq& ml iw igy|n{{lk a~ {ml gj|q{# Wncomn miw ifwj bnflk ignrnf giwl gfin`nco kiìolw bqj` Klwin# [mnw giwl nw tlcknco nc {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{# [mnw nw {ml bnqw{giwl jb `lkngif clofnolcgl nc mngm lrnklcgl jb i \W kjg{jq& Kq Lqclw{ Oqllcalqo& iw qlgjqklk{mqj|om {ml `lkn|` jb rnklj gjcblqlcgl jc Itqnf 9& 1447# -Klggic Mlqifk& 42*4?*1499.

Bnf` tqjk|glq Oi|qico Kjwmn gjcrng{lk nc kjq~ giwlTqjk|glq Oi|qico Kjwmn jb //Iicemlc// ick //Klliiq// bi`l iw {jki~ wlc{lcglk {j |cklqoj {mqll ~liqwqnojqj|w n`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq w|ahlg{nco mnw nbl {j gq|lf{~ {j b|fbnf mnw kjq~ klìckw# Iw ml iw cj{tqlwlc{& {ml ìonw{qi{l gj|q{ klgfiqlk mn` iawgjcklq ick nww|lk i cjc ainfiafl iqqic{ bjq mnw iqqlw{#Kjwmn iw cj{ irinfiafl bjq mnw gj``lc{# Mnw fi~lq Qnwmn Am|{{i& wink {ml jqklq nff al gmifflcolk nc imnomlq gj|q{# !Cln{mlq `l cjq Oi|qico lql tqlwlc{ nc {ml gj|q{ mlc {ml h|kol`lc{ iw klfnrlqlk#Oi|qico mik ojcl iaqjik nc Blaq|iq~ ib{lq wllenco tlq`nwwnjc jb {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ ick ql{|qclk

jc H|cl 74# Ml iw cj{ iiql {mi{ {ml h|kol`lc{ j|fk al klfnrlqlk {jki~&! Am|{{i {jfk T[N# Kjwmn iwwlc{lcglk {j {mqll ~liqw/ QN |cklq wlg{njc ;>=I NTG ick iwelk {j ti~ bncl jb Qw <&444# Ml iw ifwjwlc{lcglk {j |cklqoj jcl ~liq QN |cklq wlg{njc 717 bjq rjf|c{iqnf~ gi|wnco m|q{ {j mnw nbl @ikm|qn#Alwnklw& Kjwmn iw iiqklk {mqll ~liqw QN bjq gj``n{{nco gqn`ncif aqligm jb {q|w{ a~ cj{ ql{|qcncoiq{ngflw alfjconco {j mnw nbl mngm wml mik aqj|om{ iw kjq~# Iff {ml wlc{lcglw j|fk q|c gjcg|qqlc{f~#@ikm|qn bnflk i tjfngl gj`tfinc{ jc @iqgm 1& 144<& ioincw{ Kjwmn bjffjnco mngm ic BNQ iw qlonw{lqlk#Mlq fi~lq Wi{nwm @iclwmnckl iqo|lk {mi{ Kjwmn mik klìcklk Qw bnrl fiem bqj` @ikm|qn iw kjq~ ickj|fk jb{lc ali{ mlq |t mlc wml binflk {j b|fbnf mnw j{mlq kjq~ klìckw# Kjwmn/w ki|om{lq iw jcl jb{ml n{clwwlw jc mngm {ml tqjwlg|{njc qlfnlk |tjc {j tqjrl {ml gmiqolw jb gq|lf{~ ioincw{ {ml igg|wlk#Wml {jfk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ mlq `j{mlq iw iwwi|f{lk wlrlqif {n`lw a~ Kjwmn# Kjwmn mik tqjk|glk I`n{iam



Aigmgmic w{iqqlqw fnel !Iicemlc! ick !Klliiq!# -Klggic Mlqifk& 42*4?*1499.

WG |tmjfkw fnbl {lq` {j qitnw{ bi{mlq ick aqj{mlq jb 9;~liqjfkCL_ KLFMN8 I wmjgelk W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [|lwki~ |tmlfk {ml fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ iiqklk {j i ìc&mj ifjco n{m mnw wjc& qltli{lkf~ qitlk mnw 9;~liqjfk ki|om{lq {nff mlq `j{mlq bj|ck mlq tqlocic{ ickfjkolk i gj`tfinc{ n{m tjfngl# Cj& aj{m {ml igg|wlk W~lk Nwiy ick mnw wjc& {ml onqf/w lfklq aqj{mlq nff gjjf {mlnq mllfw nc hinf bjq fnbl# I alcgm gj`tqnwnco H|w{nglw T Wi{miwnri` ick A W Gmi|mic wink {ml{qnif gj|q{ iw gjqqlg{ nc iiqknco fnbl wlc{lcgl {j {ml bi{mlqwjc k|j bjq {mlnq ncm|ìc gjck|g{# Jc Itqnf14& 144<& {ml 9;~liqjfk onqf bqj` Cifojcki fjkolk i tjfngl gj`tfinc{ ifflonco {mi{ mlq `j{mlq iwjqenco iw i ìnk ick |wlk {j flirl mlq i{ mlq oqick`j{mlq/w tfigl albjql ojnco {j jqe# Wml igg|wlkmlq bi{mlq jb {ienco mlq aige {j {ml mj|wl bqj` mlq oqick`j{mlq/w mj|wl ick qitnco mlq |cklq {mqli{ {jfnbl# _mlc wml ciqqi{lk {ml ncgnklc{ {j mlq oqick`j{mlq& {ml jfk jìc w|ttjq{lk {ml bi{mlq#Làjfklclk& {ml bi{mlq gjc{nc|lk {j iwwi|f{ mlq# Wjjc ib{lq& {ml lfklq aqj{mlq w{iq{lk wl}|iff~ iwwi|f{ncomlq& {ienco mlq {j mnw mj|wl jc jcl tql{l}{ jq {ml j{mlq# \ciafl {j aliq {ml {qi|ì ic~ `jql& {ml rng{n`{|qclk {j mlq `j{mlq mj {jje mlq {j i mjwtn{if# Kjg{jqw gjcbnq`lk tqlocicg~ ick {ml `j{mlq {jje mlq {j{ml tjfngl ick fjkolk i giwl ioincw{ mlq m|waick ick wjc bjq wl}|iff~ iwwi|f{nco mlq ki|om{lq bjq bnrl`jc{mw# Jc H|f~ 1=& 1442& M~klqiaik @imnfi Gj|q{ gjcrng{lk {ml bi{mlqwjc k|j bjq qitl |cklq Wlg{njc7?2 ick iiqklk {ml` fnbl wlc{lcgl# [ml MG jc Itqnf 1= fiw{ ~liq knw`nwwlk {mlnq ittlifw# -[JN&42*4?*1499.

Kjc/{ wn{ jc `lqg~ tl{n{njcw8 TNF[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc _lkclwki~ nww|lk cj{ngl {j {ml \cnjc Mj`l @ncnw{q~ jc i t|afng nc{lqlw{fn{noi{njc tl{n{njc wllenco i knqlg{njc {j l}tlkn{nj|wf~ klgnkl tlcknco `lqg~ tl{n{njcw n{mnc i {n`l bqi`l#I Alcgm jb H|w{nglw A# W|klqwmic Qlkk~ ick W#W# Cnhhiq iw ig{nco jc {ml tl{n{njc bnflk a~ {ml COJ&H|w{ngl jc [qnif& mnomfnom{nco {ml klfi~ jb wlrlqif ~liqw nc klgnknco {ml `lqg~ tl{n{njcw jb gjcrng{w ib{lq {mlW|tql`l Gj|q{ mik tqjcj|cglk {ml rlqkng{# [ml tl{n{njclq wink l}lg|{nrl gfl`lcg~& {mj|om i ì{{lq jbknwgql{njc& iw w|ahlg{ {j glq{inc w{ickiqkw# ‖[ml tjlq nw cj{ `lqlf~ i tqnrnflol a|{ i ì{{lq jbtlqbjqìcgl jb jbbngnif k|{~# [ml tjlq miw {j al l}lqgnwlk cj{ jcf~ bjq {ml alclbn{ jb {ml gjcrng{ a|{ ifwjbjq {ml lfbiql jb {ml tljtfl mj ì~ ncwnw{ jc {ml tlqbjqìcgl jb {ml k|{~ ick& {mlqlbjql& {ml knwgql{njcmiw {j al l}lqgnwlk jc t|afng gjcwnklqi{njcw ifjcl#‐ [ml @ncnw{q~ cj{ klgnknco jc {ml tl{n{njcw bjq ~liqwiw ici{mlì {j {ml aiwng gicjcw jb q|fl jb fi& {ml tl{n{njc wink# I tlqcngnj|w n`tqlwwnjc ‖wll`w {j aloqjnco nc {ml `nckw jb {ml t|afng {mi{ mi{lrlq {ml gj|q{w ì~ klgnkl jcl gic ifi~w {|qc {j {mll}lg|{nrl bjq klbli{nco {ml rlqkng{ a~ qlwjq{nco {j klfi~nco {ig{ngw iw klfi~ klbli{w h|w{ngl#‐ [ml tl{n{njclq

wink wlrlqif tl{n{njcw tqlblqqlk {j {ml Tqlwnklc{ wllenco gj``|{i{njc jb {ml kli{m wlc{lcgl {j fnbln`tqnwjc`lc{ lql tlcknco gjcwnklqi{njc a~ {ml @ncnw{q~# Iw {mlql iw i m|ol aigefjo jb giwlw& {mlqliw lcjq`j|w klfi~ nc {ienco i klgnwnjc# [ml tl{n{njc wink {mi{ iggjqknco {j Mj`l @ncnw{lq T#Gmnkiàiqi`/w w{i{l`lc{& 1= `lqg~ tl{n{njcw& ncgf|knco {mi{ jb Ibxif O|q| -gjcrng{lk nc {ml Tiqfni`lc{i{{ige giwl. lql tlcknco ick jcl jb {ml` iw tlcknco bjq 99 ~liqw# N{ wj|om{ i knqlg{njc {j {ml @ncnw{q~{j b|qcnwm i fnw{ jb tlqwjcw mjwl tl{n{njcw lql tlcknco# -Mnck|& 4?*4?*1499.

L|c|gmw lfnonafl bjq Ojr{ hjaw& q|flw MGT|chia ick Miq~ici Mnom Gj|q{ jc _lkclwki~ ìkl n{ gfliq {mi{ l|c|gmw iql lfnonafl bjq Ojrlqc`lc{ hjaw# Ick {j qlgq|n{ {ml`& i {mnqk gi{lojq~ jb {qicwolcklq miw allc gqli{lk nc {ml ittfngi{njc bjq`w#W|a`n{{nco {mnw& T|chia ìnc{inclk {mi{ i cj{nbngi{njc {j {mnw lbblg{ miw ifwj allc nww|lk jc @iqgm ;# [mlW{i{l ìkl n{ gfliq {mi{ {ml~ nff al gjcwnklqlk nc {ml `lc„w gi{lojq~# _n{m {mnw& T|chia algi`l {ml bnqw{W{i{l {j onrl {ml l|c|gmw {mlnq k|l qnom{w# Ib{lq T|chia ìkl n{w w{ick gfliq& Miq~ici {jj w|a`n{{lk {mi{

l|c|gmw j|fk al gjcwnklqlk nc {ml gi{lojq~ jb `lc# [ml klrlfjt`lc{ w{ickw wnocnbngic{ iw n{ ì~ oj ifjco i~ nc mlftnco {ml l|c|gmw wlg|ql qlwtlg{iafl hjaw# _mlql {ml {j clnomaj|qnco W{i{lw ‛ T|chiaick Miq~ici ‛ mirl {ielc {ml flik nc {mnw knqlg{njc& {ml ci{njcif tjfng~ jc gi{lojqnwi{njc jb l|c|gmw nwcjmlql nc wnom{# T|chia Klt|{~ Wlgql{iq~ nc {ml Kltiq{`lc{ jb Wjgnif Wlg|qn{~ ick _j`lc ick GmnfkKlrlfjt`lc{ I`qn{tif Wncom& nc ic ibbnkirn{& qln{lqi{lk {ml w{i{l`lc{ liqfnlq ìkl albjql {ml gj|q{ {mi{ iwltiqi{l {qicwolcklq -[. gi{lojq~& j{mlq {mic ìfl -@. ick blìfl -B. j|fk al ncgjqtjqi{lk nc iff {mlittfngi{njc bjq`w bjq Ojrlqc`lc{ hjaw# ‖[ml ittfngi{njc nc {ml [ gi{lojq~ j|fk al {qli{lk iw ìfl bjq iffOjrlqc`lc{ hjaw# [mnw miw allc kjcl elltnco nc rnl {ml t|afng wlcwn{nrn{~ ncrjfrlk nc glq{inc hjaw& ick hjaw l}gf|wnrlf~ liqìqelk bjq j`lc nc rnl jb {ml wtlgnbng ci{|ql jb {ml hja nc {ml kltiq{`lc{ jb mlif{m-IC@.& j`lc ick gmnfk klrlfjt`lc{ -Icoiciqn jqelqw.& lk|gi{njcnw{w -blìfl {ligmlqw. l{g&‐ qlik



{ml ibbnkirn{# [ml w|a`nwwnjc gi`l nc {ml qlw|`lk mliqnco jb i T|afng Nc{lqlw{ Fn{noi{njc a~ ikrjgi{lO|q`ncklq Wncom# -Tnjcllq& 4?*4?*1499.

H"E knwittliqicgl giwl8 MG iwew Jìq ojr{ {j ti~ Qw 14 fiem gj`tlcwi{njcWQNCIOIQ8 [ml Hi``| ick Eiwm`nq mnom gj|q{ {mnw lle iwelk {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ {j ti~ igj`tlcwi{njc jb Qw 14 fiem {j {ml enc jb i bi{mlqwjc k|j mj knwittliqlk ib{lq {ml Ncknic Iq`~ {jje{ml` nc g|w{jk~ nc 9>>? nc glc{qif Eiwm`nq& A|koi`# !Nc giwl {ml Hi``| ick Eiwm`nq ojrlqc`lc{ binfw{j ti~ gj`tlcwi{njc {j {ml bi`nf~ n{mnc bj|q llew& {ml w{i{l wmiff al tlcifnxlk jb icc|if nc{lqlw{ {j {ml{|cl jb 94 tlqglc{&! H|w{ngl N`{n~ix M|wwinc wink nc mnw jqklq jc @jcki~# [ml mnom gj|q{ mik liqfnlqwj|om{ ncrlw{noi{njc nc{j {ml ì{{lq a~ Wlwwnjcw H|kol jb A|koi` ick iwelk {j bnfl i qltjq{ iaj|{ {mlknwittliqicgl jb {ml bi{mlq ick wjc# [ml wlwwnjcw gj|q{/w bnckncow qlrliflk {mi{ @|mi`ìk îm~i Emicick mnw wjc @|mi`ìk Wmiaic Emic & qlwnklc{w jb Ciwwiftjqi nc A|koi` nc glc{qif Eiwm`nq lqltngelk |t a~ {ml wjfknlqw jb 14Oqlciknlqw k|qnco {ml nc{lqrlcnco cnom{ jb Itqnf 92*9? nc 9>>? ick {mlnqmlqliaj|{w lql w{nff |cecjc {j {ml bi`nf~# [ml Wlwwnjcw H|kol A|koi` ncbjq`lk {ml Mnom Gj|q{ {mi{n{w jqklqw lql n`tfl`lc{lk ick ic BNQ& 12*4< |cklq 72; \*W& 741 QTG iw qlonw{lqlk nc tjfngl w{i{njcA|koi`# [ml mnom gj|q{ ifwj knqlg{lk {ml w|ajqknci{l gj|q{ jb Gmnlb H|kngnif @ionw{qi{l A|koi` {j`jcn{jq {ml ncrlw{noi{njcw ick ol{ n{ gj`tfl{lk n{mj|{ ic~ klfi~ a~ {ml tjfngl# -[JN& 4?*4?*1499.

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Wlqrngl miw cj qnom{ {j al iffjgi{lk {j i tiq{ng|fiq w{i{l gikql jq hjnc{ gikql a|{ ml miw i qnom{ {j i binqick ly|n{iafl {qli{`lc{ nc {ml ì{{lq jb iffjgi{njc |cklq Iq{ngflw 9; ick 92-9. jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc&! H|w{nglTi{cine& qn{nco {ml h|kol`lc{& wink# [ml itl} gj|q{ ìkl {ml qlìqew mnfl knw`nwwnco {ml Glc{ql/wittlif gmifflconco ic Ickmqi Tqiklwm Mnom Gj|q{ jqklq y|iwmnco iffjgi{njc jb mj`l gikql {j RneqiìRiqì mj wlg|qlk 149w{ qice nc {ml 144; Gnrnf Wlqrnglw L}i` gjck|g{lk a~ \TWG jrlqfjjenco {mlgfin` jb Irnciwm @jmic{~ mj mik ja{inclk {ml ;<{m qice# _mnfl @jmic{~ iw iffjgi{lk Gmmi{{nwoiqmgikql& Rneqiì Riqì iw onrlc IT gikql# [ml mnom gj|q{ mlfk {mi{ iffjgi{njc jb Rneqiì Riqì {jIckmqi Tqiklwm gikql j|fk ìel i {j{if jb {lc JAG gicknki{lw nc {ml 74 tjnc{ qjw{lq& mngm iw 2,l}glww jrlq {ml 1?, qlwlqri{njc nc birj|q jb JAG gicknki{lw ick y|iwmlk {ml iffjgi{njc# Iooqnlrlk& {mlGlc{ql ick Riqì ittliflk nc {ml itl} gj|q{ gjc{lcknco {ml q|flw lql ittiqlc{f~ alc{ {j birj|q Riqìklwtn{l {ml big{ {mi{ ml iw cj{ lc{n{flk {j al iffjgi{lk {ml mj`l w{i{l gikql# !N{ ittliqw {j |w {mi{ jcf~n{m i rnl {j wj`lmj h|w{nb~nco {ml iffjgi{njc jb Rneqiì Riqì& ic JAG gicknki{l& {j IckmqiTqiklwm gikql bqj` {ml Gnrnf Wlqrnglw L}i`nci{njc& 144;& {ml \cnjc jb Nckni miw {ielc {ml bno|qlw jbiffjgi{njc jb gicknki{lw wlflg{lk bjq {ml NTW nc {ml bnrl Gnrnf Wlqrnglw L}i`nci{njcw jb 9>>> {j 1447ncw{lik jb {ienco {ml bno|qlw jb ittjnc{`lc{w {j {ml rigicgnlw nc {ml 74 tjnc{ qjw{lq w{iq{nco bqj` {ml 9>>;Gnrnf Wlqrnglw L}i`nci{njc {nff 1447 Gnrnf Wlqrnglw L}i`nci{njcw# ![ml Mnom Gj|q{ iw& {mlqlbjql& qnom{ ncgj`nco {j {ml gjcgf|wnjc {mi{ iffjgi{njc jb Rneqiì Riqì {j Ickmqi Tqiklwm gikql iw nc rnjfi{njc jb{ml o|nklfnclw gjc{inclk nc {ml fl{{lq ki{lk 79#4<#9>=< ick iw gfliqf~ iqan{qiq~ ick cj{ ly|n{iafl&! {mlalcgm ikklk# -Klggic Mlqifk& 97*4?*1499.

H|kngnif ig{nrnw` k|{~ jb w|tlqnjq gj|q{w8 WG -9>.Cl Klfmn& H|f~ 9<& 14998 H|kngnif ig{nrnw` jq jrlqqligm: Iw {ml klai{l qiolw& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miwwink w|tlqnjq gj|q{w j|fk binf nc {mlnq gjcw{n{|{njcif k|{~ nb {ml~ klgfncl {j lc{lq{inc olc|ncl tl{n{njcwlwtj|wnco {ml gi|wl jb {ml |cklqtqnrnflolk# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw OW Wncomrn ick IE Oico|f~ winkmlclrlq ‖knqlg{njcw iql onrlc bjq {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb fiw lcig{lk bjq {ml alclbn{ jb {ml mirlcj{w& iklai{l nw w{iq{lk a~ qinwnco {ml ajol~ jb h|kngnif ig{nrnw` jq jrlqqligm‐# Knqlg{nco {ml Klfmn Hif Ajiqk ickgnrng iolcgnlw {j lcw|ql `ncn`|` wibl{~ ick mlif{m w{ickiqkw bjq n{w |cjqoicnwlk jqelqw& {ml alcgmwink& ‖N{ nff al i wik ki~ mlc {ml gj|q{w wm|{ {mlnq kjjqw {j {mjwl mj n{mj|{ ic~ `j{nrl bjq tlqwjcifoinc jq j{mlq l}{qiclj|w qliwjcw wlle {ml tqj{lg{njc• jb {ml knwikric{iolk wlg{njcw jb wjgnl{~‐# [mlqlìqew gj`l i{ i {n`l mlc {ml tjfn{ngif gfiww ick {ml `lkni mirl allc {ifenco jb h|kngnif jrlqqligm nc{ml iel jb qlglc{ rlqkng{w# ‖Nb {ml w~w{l` gic klrj{l `jc{mw {j mliq {ml lfn{nw{ gfiww jb ikrjgi{lwlcoiolk a~ {mjwl igg|wlk jb lriknco {i}lw• jq igg|wlk jb mlncj|w gqn`lw•& wj`l {n`l gic alklrj{lk {j mliq {ml oqnlricglw jb {ml wnflc{ w|bblqlqw&‐ {ml gj|q{ wink# -Mnck|w{ic [n`lw 9<*?*99.

Bjjk wlg|qn{~ fi gj|fk t|wm |t jqfk tqnglw& nklc w|awnk~ anff -9>.[ml tqjtjwlk Bjjk Wlg|qn{~ Ig{ miw {ml tj{lc{nif {j w{jel ofjaif bjjk tqnglw ick wnocnbngic{f~ ncgqliwl{ml gj|c{q~/w bjjk w|awnk~ anff& jbbngnifw ick l}tlq{w wi~# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ tficw {j nc{qjk|gl i flonwfi{njcmngm in`w {j lcw|ql bjjk wlg|qn{~ bjq ?<, jb {ml q|qif mj|wlmjfkw ick <4, jb {ml |qaic iqliw ickncgf|klw aj{m alfj tjrlq{~ fncl ick iajrl tjrlq{~ fncl bi`nfnlw# L}tlq{w wi~ {mi{ nc giwl {mlql nw ikqj|om{ nc b|{|ql ick tqjg|ql`lc{ kqjtw alfj {ml klwnqlk flrlf& {ml ojrlqc`lc{ ì~ mirl {j qlwjq{ {jn`tjq{w {j `ll{ {ml gj``n{`lc{ |cklq {ml tqjtjwlk Ig{ ick {mnw nw aj|ck {j {qnoolq i wmiqt ncgqliwl ncofjaif tqnglw& onrlc {ml fnelf~ wgifl jb {ml n`tjq{w# !Mnw{jqngiff~ l mirl l}tjq{lk i{ fj tqnglw ickn`tjq{lk i{ mnom tqnglw# [ml ofjaif ìqel{ elltw i gfjwl i{gm jc tqjk|g{njc iqj|ck {ml jqfk ick Nckninw cj{ i qlo|fiq n`tjq{lq jq l}tjq{lq# Wj mlclrlq Nckni lc{lqw {ml ofjaif ìqel{& bjq l}i`tfl iw {ml~ knknc 144=& l mik {j n`tjq{ i{ mnom tqnglw&! wink Rncjk Eitjjq& ic nckltlcklc{ {qikl l}tlq{# Jbbngnifw wi~

{ml gjw{w ncrjfrlk bjq q|ccnco {ml wgml`l gj|fk ifwj tjwl i wlqnj|w gmifflcol# [ml~ wi~ `jcn{jqnco ickn`tfl`lc{nco {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {mnw onoic{ng tfic j|fk ifwj tqjrl {j al i m|ol jaw{igfl bjq {mlojrlqc`lc{ ìgmnclq~ ick t|{ i m|ol w{qinc jc {ml tqjg|ql`lc{ iolcgnlw# [mnw ~liq {ml ojrlqc`lc{miw tqjg|qlk qlgjqk i`j|c{ jb oqincw a|{ nc {ml tiw{ 94 ~liqw {mlql mirl allc {n`lw mlc {mltqjg|ql`lc{ iw alfj l}tlg{i{njc# _mnfl {ml jt{njc {j `jt |t oqincw bqj` {ml jtlc ìqel{ nw irinfiafl&n{ j|fk t|{ i m|ol w{qinc ick flik {j ìqel{ knw{jq{njcw# Iggjqknco {j ojrlqc`lc{ lw{nì{lw& {ml {j{ifqly|nql`lc{ {j n`tfl`lc{ {ml tfic j|fk al iqj|ck 29 `nffnjc {jcclw# !Nc 9>?1?7 & {mlql iw i gj`tfl{l{ieljrlq jb {ml mjflwifl ìqel{ bjq oqincw ick mik {j al qlrlqwlk n{mnc llew# [mi{ kicolq nw {mlqlcj&! i wlcnjq jbbngnif& mj knk cj{ nwm {j al nklc{nbnlk& {jfk [JN# [mlc tqn`l `ncnw{lq Ncknqi Oickmnci{njcifnxlk {ml mjflwifl {qikl nc bjjkoqinc a|{ mik {j qlrlqwl {ml klgnwnjc ib{lq {ml klgnwnjc flk {j



ìqel{ gmijw ick a|`tlk |t tqnglw# Wj`l l}tlq{w w|oolw{ {mi{ tqjrnknco giwm gj`tlcwi{njc wmj|fk alìkl ic |tbqjc{ tqjrnwnjc nc {ml flonwfi{njc# [jj `|gm l`tmiwnw jc mli{ ick qngl ì~ ifwj m|q{ {mltqjglww jb knrlqwnbngi{njc jb ioqng|f{|ql& {ml~ iqo|l# !_m~ jcf~ mli{ ick qngl# [mlql wmj|fk al i gmjngl{mi{ {ml mj|wlmjfk gic t|qgmiwl loow& ìnxl& l{g# [mnw nff qlk|gl {ml a|qklc jc mli{ ick qngl&! winkic jbbngnif# Icj{mlq jqq~ mngm miw l`lqolk nw {ml bnwgif a|qklc {mi{ {ml `jrl nff n`tjwl# Jbbngnifw kjcj{ l}tlg{ ic~ ìhjq a|qklc {mnw ~liq iw {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc gj|fk {iel tfigl a~ iqj|ck Klglàlq jqHic|iq~& ib{lq {ml flonwfi{njc nw ittqjrlk a~ Tiqfni`lc{ # A|{ {mncow j|fk al knbblqlc{ bqj` cl}{ ~liq#!Bjq {ml b|ff ~liq {ml bjjkw|awnk~ anff cl}{ ~liq gj|fk {j|gm Qw >4&444 gqjql nb cj{ Qw 944&444 gqjql&! winkicj{mlq wlcnjq jbbngnif& gfjwlf~ fncelk {j {ml knwg|wwnjc& mj knk cj{ nwm {j al nklc{nbnlk# Lgjcj`nw{w winkmnfl w|gm i tqjoqi``l iw klwnqiafl& {ml ojrlqc`lc{ j|fk mirl {j qlw{q|g{|ql n{w wtlcknco {j g|wmnjc{ml n`tig{ jc bncicglw# -Lgjcj`ng [n`lw 1<*?*99.

Fick kqib{ anff wtlffw j|{ t|afng t|qtjwl -9>.Cl Klfmn& H|f~ 1;8 I `ll{nco {mi{ jqelk jc {ml kqib{ anff {j i`lck {ml fick igy|nwn{njc ig{ miw klbnclk‖tqjhlg{ bjq t|afng t|qtjwl‐& i el~ {lq` nc {ml flonwfi{njc# ‖N{ qlblqw {j ic~ tqjhlg{ {mi{ alclbn{w {ml t|afng#[mnw ncgf|klw nck|w{q~ a~ tqnri{l lc{n{nlw nb n{ qlcklqw ic~ alclbn{ {j {ml t|afng&‐ wink C#G# Wi}lci& i`làlq jb {ml Ci{njcif Ikrnwjq~ Gj|cgnf -CIG.& mj i{{lcklk {ml `ll{nco gjcrlclk a~ q|qifklrlfjt`lc{ `ncnw{lq Hinqi` Qi`lwm# _mlc fick nw igy|nqlk bjq nck|w{q~& {ml fickjclqw nff al tink i{i qi{l wn} {n`lw {mi{ `lc{njclk jc {ml qlonw{lqlk wifl kllk jb ic~ tfj{ nc {ml iqli nc {ml tqlrnj|w wn}`jc{mw# [mlql nff ifwj al ic ikkn{njcif wjfi{n|`& mjwl y|ic{n{~ nw ~l{ {j al bncifnwlk# Nb {ml fick tqngl

ojlw |t al{llc {ml {n`l jb igy|nwn{njc ick {mi{ jb tjwwlwwnjc a~ {ml nck|w{q~& 14 tlq glc{ jb {mlncgqliwlk tqngl nff al tink {j {ml fickjclqw# Itiq{ bqj` {mnw& {ml fickfjwnco bi`nfnlw ‛ ick {mlfickflww mj|wlmjfkw kltlcklc{ jc {ml fick wjfk ‛ nff ligm qlglnrl Qw 1&444 tlq `jc{m bjq 14 ~liqw#[mnw w|` nff al ncbfi{njcnckl}lk8 n{ nff oj |t iw ncbfi{njc qnwlw# Alwnklw& jcl `làlq bqj` ligm fickfjwnco bi`nf~ nff al lc{n{flk {j i hja nc {ml nck|w{q~ tqjhlg{# Nb i bi`nf~ figew ic~ lfnonafl gicknki{l& n{ nffol{ i jcl{n`l gj`tlcwi{njc jb Qw 1 fiem# Nb i tqjhlg{ knwtfiglw bi`nfnlw& {ml~ nff mirl {j al qlwl{{flk ncgjfjcnlw n{m aiwng i`lcn{nlw w|gm iw wgmjjfw ick qjikw ick nff ol{ ic ikkn{njcif Qw 7&444 i `jc{m bjq91 `jc{mw# Nb i {qnaif bi`nf~ fjwlw fick {j ic~ tqjhlg{& n{ nff al onrlc ic igql lfwlmlql# Qi`lwm wink jc[m|qwki~ {ml anff j|fk al nc{qjk|glk nc Tiqfni`lc{ nc {ml `jcwjjc wlwwnjc {mi{ w{iq{w cl}{ `jc{m#-[lfloqitm 1<*?*99.

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Gmnfk ikjt{njc tqjglww alnco b|q{mlq wn`tfnbnlk -9>.

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\cnbjq` w~ffia|w w~w{l` {j al n`tfl`lc{lk nc [i`nf Cik|8 WG -9>.GMLCCIN8 Wiìgmllq Eifrn nff al n`tfl`lc{lk nc Gfiwwlw 1 {j < ick ? {j 94 nc wgmjjfw igqjww {ml w{i{l{mnw igikl`ng ~liq# [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ klfnrlqlk n{w rlqkng{ jc [|lwki~& y|iwmnco {ml i`lck`lc{ {j {ml

Wiìgmllq Eifrn Ig{& aqj|om{ j|{ a~ {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ nc @i~ tjw{tjcnco {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb {mlgj``jc w~ffia|w nc {ml w{i{l# _n{m {mnw h|kol`lc{& [i`nf Cik|& {ml jcf~ w{i{l nc {ml gj|c{q~ {j mirl bj|qajiqkw jb lk|gi{njc& nff mirl i gj``jc w~ffia|w& {l}{ajjew ick l}i`nci{njcw# Wiìgmllq Eifrn& bnqw{gifflk bjq a~ i gnrnf `jrl`lc{ nc 1442& iw {ielc |t iw ic lflg{njc tqj`nwl a~ {ml K@E k|qnco {ml 1442iwwlàf~ lflg{njcw# N{ iw n`tfl`lc{lk ib{lq `|gm tjw{tjcl`lc{ nc Gfiwwlw 9 ick 2 nc 1494 ick iwl}tlg{lk {j al l}{lcklk {j Gfiwwlw 1 {j < ick ? {j 94 nc {mnw igikl`ng ~liq# Mjlrlq& {ml INIK@Eojrlqc`lc{& klgnklk {j tjw{tjcl {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb {ml Ig{ ick tiwwlk ic i`lck`lc{ {j {ml Ig{ nc@i~# Qljtlcnco ki{lw jb wgmjjfw lql tjw{tjclk {j H|cl 9< {j lciafl {ml [i`nf Cik| [l}{ajje Wjgnl{~ick tqnri{l t|afnwmlqw {j tqnc{ {l}{ajjew |cklq {ml jfk w~ffia|w# @licmnfl& Wiìgmllq Eifrn {l}{ajjew&tqnc{lk i{ i gjw{ jb Qw 144 gqjql lql nc kicolq jb ojnco {j iw{l# [ml W{i{l Tfi{bjq` bjq Gj``jc



Wgmjjf W~w{l`& ic jqoicnxi{njc jb lk|gi{njcnw{w ick igikl`ngw& ittliflk ioincw{ {ml i`lck`lc{ {j {mlIg{ nc {ml @ikqiw mnom gj|q{ nc H|cl# Nc H|f~ {ml mnom gj|q{ y|iwmlk {ml i`lck`lc{ ick knqlg{lk {mlw{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ {j n`tfl`lc{ Wiìgmllq Eifrn nc wgmjjfw nc {ml g|qqlc{ igikl`ng ~liq& ick knw{qna|{l{l}{ajjew a~ H|f~ 11# [ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ ittliflk ioincw{ {ml mnom gj|q{ rlqkng{ nc {ml W|tql`lGj|q{& mngm ncn{niff~ tjw{tjclk {ml knw{qna|{njc jb ajjew {j I|o|w{ <# Jc I|o|w{ ;& mlc {ml mliqnco iwgj`tfl{lk& i alcgm jb {mqll h|kolw qlwlqrlk jqklqw jc {ml giwl ick tjw{tjclk {ml klikfncl bjq {mlknw{qna|{njc jb ajjew {j I|o|w{ 94# Jc [|lwki~& {ml itl} gj|q{ jqklqlk {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb WiìgmllqEifrn nc Gfiwwlw 1 {j < ick ? {j 94 albjql 94 ki~w# N{ gi`l j|{ n{m {ml rlqkng{ {ienco nc{j gjcwnklqi{njc1< tjnc{w# -[n`lw jb Nckni >*=*99.

Icwlqwmll{w gic al igglwwlk |cklq Q[N8 WG -9>.Cl Klfmn& I|o|w{ 94& 14998 Nc i fickìqe q|fnco jc [|lwki~& i W|tql`l Gj|q{ alcgm wink w{|klc{w mik{ml qnom{ {j igglww {mlnq icwlqwmll{w |cklq {ml Qnom{ {j Ncbjqì{njc -Q[N. Ig{# [ml gj|q{ mlfk {mi{lrif|i{lk icwlqwmll{w lql gjrlqlk |cklq {ml klbncn{njc jb ‖ncbjqì{njc‐ |cklq {ml Q[N Ig{& 144<# [mlalcgm& gj`tqnwnco h|w{ngl QR Qirllckqic ick h|w{ngl IE Ti{cine& |tmlfk i Blaq|iq~ <& 144> q|fnco jb {mlGifg|{{i mnom gj|q{ {mi{ l}i`nci{njc gjck|g{nco iolcgnlw lql cj{ l}l`t{lk |cklq {ml {qicwtiqlcg~ fibqj` knwgfjwnco {ml icwlqwmll{w# [ml rlqkng{ nff alclbn{ fiemw jb w{|klc{w ittliqnco bjq riqnj|wl}i`nci{njcw& ncgf|knco {mjwl gjck|g{lk a~ {ml \TWG& iw n{ onrlw i w{|klc{ {ml qnom{ {j ncwtlg{ icwlqwmll{w a~ h|w{ ittf~nco {j {ml qlflric{ |cnrlqwn{~& gj|cgnf& ajiqk jq gj``nwwnjc# [ml gj|q{ knw`nwwlk {mliqo|`lc{w jb {ml Gifg|{{i \cnrlqwn{~& _lw{ Alcoif Ajiqk jb Wlgjckiq~ Lk|gi{njc ick GAWL& mngm

gjc{lcklk {mi{ w{|klc{w mik cj qnom{ {j mirl igglww {j i knwt|{lk icwlqwmll{ iw {mlql iw i bnk|gniq~qlfi{njcwmnt al{llc {ml l}i`nclq ick {ml l}i`nci{njc gjck|g{nco iolcg~# -Mnck|w{ic [n`lw 94*=*99.

Ojr{ gic/{ a~tiww fi& gmicol tjfng~ klgnwnjcw bjq tjfn{ngif qliwjcw8 WG -9>.Cl Klfmn8 Nc i qit bjq tjfn{ngif tiq{nlw& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ q|flk ojrlqc`lc{ giccj{ lbblg{ tjfng~gmicolw bjq tjfn{ngif gjcwnklqi{njcw jc `lql gmicol jb o|iqk iw n{ j|fk al nc gjcbfng{ n{m {ml q|fl jb fi#Qlhlg{nco Hi~ififn{mii ojrlqc`lc{/w ank {j i`lck {ml [C \cnbjq` W~w{l` jb Wgmjjf Lk|gi{njc Ig{& 1494&jb {ml tqlrnj|w K@E knwtlcwi{njc bjq klblqqnco n{w n`tfl`lc{i{njc& {ml itl} gj|q{ wink jcgl ic Ig{ miwallc |tmlfk a~ i gj|q{& {ml ojrlqc`lc{ giccj{ ikjt{ aigekjjq `l{mjkw {j c|ffnb~ {ml lbblg{ jb i h|kngnifklgnwnjc# !\cflww n{ nw bj|ck {mi{ {ml ig{ kjcl a~ {ml i|{mjqn{~ liqfnlq nc l}nw{lcgl nw ln{mlq gjc{qiq~ {jw{i{|{jq~ tqjrnwnjcw& nw |cqliwjciafl jq nw ioincw{ t|afng nc{lqlw{& {ml w{i{l wmj|fk cj{ gmicol n{w w{ick`lqlf~ algi|wl {ml j{mlq tjfn{ngif tiq{~ miw gj`l {j tjlq# !Tjfn{ngif iolcki jb ic ncknrnk|if jq i tjfn{ngiftiq{~ wmj|fk cj{ al w|arlqwnrl jb q|fl jb fi&! i {mqllh|kol alcgm jb h|w{nglw H @ Ticgmif& Klltie

Rlqì ick A W Gmi|mic wink nc i h|kol`lc{# [ml itl} gj|q{ tiwwlk {ml h|kol`lc{ mnfl knw`nwwnco[i`nf Cik| ojrlqc`lc{/w ittlif gmifflconco {ml @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{/w knqlg{njc bjq n`tfl`lc{nco {ml Ig{ick y|iwmnco {ml i`lck`lc{ aqj|om{ nc a~ {ml w{i{l# [ml i`lck`lc{ wj|om{ {j klblq n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb{ml jqnoncif Ig{ jc {ml tfli {mi{ {l}{ ajjew tqnc{lk iw tiq{ jb {ml g|qqng|f|` lql jb w|aw{ickiqk y|ifn{~ick nc{lcklk {j tqj`j{l {ml nc{lqlw{w jb K@E# -L}tqlww Nckni 94*=*99.

Anff tiwwlk wllenco wtllk~ knwtjwif jb qitl giwlw nc \T -9>.F|gecj v Iolcg~8 T[N8 Bjq wtllk~ knwtjwif jb qitl giwlw ick w{qncolc{ tqjrnwnjc jb ainf bjq {ml igg|wlk&{ml \{{iq Tqiklwm Iwwlàf~ {jki~ tiwwlk i anff i`lcknco {ml Gjkl jb Gqn`ncif Tqjglk|ql# Nc {ml Gjkljb Gqn`ncif Tqjglk|ql -\{{iq Tqiklwm Wlgjck I`lck`lc{. Anff i bl wlg{njcw ick w|awlg{njcw qlfi{lk {j{qnif ick ainf tqjrnwnjcw nc w|gm giwlw mirl allc nc{qjk|glk# Wlg{njc 17<I jb {ml anff& tiwwlk a~ {mlIwwlàf~& tqjrnklw i h|kol {j gjcgf|kl {ml {qnif jb jbblcglw |cklq wlg{njc 7?2 jb {ml NTG iw biq iwtjwwnafl n{mnc i tlqnjk jb wn} `jc{mw# \cklq Wlg{njc ;7?& -gfi|wl 99i.& i tlqwjc wmj|fk cj{ al qlfliwlk

nb {mlql ittliqw i qliwjciafl oqj|ck bjq alfnlrnco {mi{ ml nw o|nf{~ jb ic jbblcgl jb qitl& t|cnwmiafl n{mn`tqnwjc`lc{# [mnw n`tqnwjc`lc{ wmiff cj{ al flww {mic wlrlc ~liqw a|{ gic l}{lck {j i fnbl {lq` jq bjq`jql {mic 94 ~liqw& ick wmiff ifwj al fniafl {j bncl# Wlg{njc ;7>I tqjrnklw {mi{ i tlqwjc iqqlw{lk jcgmiqolw jb qitl gic al tqjrnklk ainf a~ i gj|q{ jcf~ jc {j oqj|ckw# Bnqw{& {ml gj|q{ ncgf|knco {ml MnomGj|q{ ick Wlwwnjcw Gj|q{& bjq {ml qliwjcw {j al qlgjqklk nc qn{nco& nw wi{nwbnlk {mi{ {mlql iql qliwjciafloqj|ckw bjq alfnlrnco {mi{ w|gm tlqwjc nw cj{ o|nf{~# Wlgjck& w|gm tlqwjc nw |cklq {ml iol jb 92 jq i wngejq ncbnq`# [ml Mj|wl ifwj tiwwlk \T [qll Gjcwlqri{njc -I`lck`lc{. Anff& Wmqn Qi`wiqjjt @l`jqnif\cnrlqwn{~ Anff ick Wmjamn{ \cnrlqwn{~ Anff# -KCI 94*=*99.

Ajcklk Fiaj|qlqw W~w{l` -Iajfn{njc. Ig{& 9>?2 -9>.



[ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw knqlg{lk {mi{ {ml Ci{njcif M|ìc Qnom{w Gj``nwwnjc -CMQG. wmj|fk alncrjfrlk nc klifnco n{m {ml nww|l jb ajcklk fiaj|q# [ml gj|q{ miw ifwj nww|lk knqlg{njcw bqj` {n`l {j {n`lbjq gj`tfnicgl a~ {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{w qloiqknco nklc{nbngi{njc& qlfliwl ick qlmianfn{i{njc jb ajcklkfiaj|qlqw# Nc t|qw|icgl jb {ml knqlg{njc jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{& CMQG nw `jcn{jqnco ick qlrnlnco {mllbbjq{w ìkl a~ {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{w {jiqkw n`tfl`lc{nco {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {ml Ajcklk Fiaj|qW~w{l` -Iajfn{njc. Ig{& 9>?2& {mqj|om qlo|fiq nc{lqig{njc n{m {ml gjcglqclk i|{mjqn{nlw# CMQG ifwjgjck|g{w bi`nfniqnxi{njcg|`wlcwn{nxi{njc jqewmjtw jc {ml lfn`nci{njc jb ajcklk fiaj|q ick gmnfk fiaj|qi{ {ml w{i{l flrlf# [ml Gjcw{n{|{njc jb Nckni |cklq Iq{ngfl 17-9. tqjmnan{w ”aloiq„ ick j{mlq wn`nfiq bjq`w jbbjqglk fiaj|q# [ml ajcklk fiaj|q w~w{l` iw iajfnwmlk a~ fi {mqj|omj|{ {ml gj|c{q~ #l#b# bqj` 1<{mJg{jalq& 9>?< |cklq {ml Ajcklk Fiaj|q W~w{l` -Iajfn{njc. Jqkncicgl mngm iw qltfiglk a~ AjcklkFiaj|q W~w{l` -Iajfn{njc. Ig{& 9>?2# N{ l}{lckw {j {ml mjfl jb Nckni# Iw tlq {ml Ig{& cj tlqwjc nw iffjlk{j ìel ic ikricgl |cklq jq nc t|qw|icgl jb {ml ajcklk fiaj|q w~w{l` ick cj jcl gic gj`tlf ic~tlqwjc {j qlcklq ic~ ajcklk fiaj|q jq j{mlq bjq` jb bjqglk fiaj|q# Cj gmlgew mirl allc n`tjwlk jc{ml b|ckw wicg{njclk bjq |{nfnxi{njc jb nklc{nb~nco ajcklk ick gmnfk fiaj|q# [mnw ncbjqì{njc iw onrlc a~{ml @ncnw{lq jb Fiaj|q ick L`tfj~`lc{ Wmqn @iffneiqh|c Emiqol nc qltf~ {j i qn{{lc y|lw{njc nc {ml FjeWiami {jki~# -TNA# Ojr{# jb Nckni 99*=*99.

Qinwl iol bjq gmnfk ìnc{lcicgl {j 198 Gj|q{ -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 I {qnif gj|q{ miw |qolk {ml Glc{ql {j i`lck {ml Mnck| @inc{lcicgl Ig{ mngm lc{n{flw igmnfk {j ol{ ìnc{lcicgl jcf~ {nff {ml iol jb 9=& wi~nco {mi{ nc {mnw {n`l {ml iol wmj|fk al ncgqliwlk {j 19

wj {mi{ {ml gmnfk nw iafl {j bncnwm mnw w{|knlw ick liqc i fnrlfnmjjk# Ikkn{njcif Knw{qng{ H|kol QihlcklqE|ìq Wmiw{qn wink {ml Mnck| Ikjt{njc ick @inc{lcicgl Ig{ iw lcig{lk 24 ~liqw ioj ick nc {mnw ki~ick iol& {mncow mirl gmicolk gjcwnklqiaf~# ![mnw tlqnjk jb `jql {mic mifbiglc{|q~ miw n{clwwlk riw{gmicolw nc lrlq~ ife jb fnbl# @igmnclw iql qltfignco `lc nc big{jqnlw ick nck|w{qnlw### Jcf~ wenfflkjqelqw iql iafl {j ol{ hjaw# @lcnif hjaw iql qlk|glk {j {mlnq fjlw{ laa# I gmnfk jb af|lafjjk ì~ cj{ jt{bjq w|gm {qiwm hjaw& |cflww i{ {ml aqnce jb w{iqri{njc# Y|lw{ jb l`tfj~lqw {j ol{ {ml alw{ jb hjawllelqw miwgjchjnc{f~ ìkl n{ rlq~ knbbng|f{ bjq i gmnfk jb {lcklq iol {j b|fbnff {ml w{qncolc{ qly|nql`lc{w jb i hja&! IKHWmiw{qn wink# !Fl{ i gjt~ jb {mnw jqklq al wlc{ {j {ml wlgql{iq~ -fi.& \cnjc jb Nckni& iw lff iw {mlgminqìc jb Fi Gj``nwwnjc bjq {mlnq enck gjcwnklqi{njc &! {ml h|kol ikklk# [ml gj|q{ ìkl {mlwlqlìqew mnfl mliqnco {ml tfli jb i aj~ mjwl bi{mlq w{jttlk onrnco mn` ìnc{lcicgl mlc ml {|qclk9=# [ml aj~/w gj|cwlf wink {mi{ {ml aj~ mik cj nckltlcklc{ ncgj`l ick nb {ml ìnc{lcicgl iw w{jttlk&ml ì~ cj{ mirl ic~ jt{njc a|{ {j flirl mnw w{|knlw `nkw{qli`# [mj|om& aj|ck a~ {ml fi& {ml gj|cwlfknk cj{ tqlww bjq wllenco ìnc{lcicgl& ml |qolk {ml gj|q{ {j ìel i qlblqlcgl {j {ml Mnom Gj|q{ {j

klgfiql {ml tqjrnwnjc tqlwgqnanco ìnc{lcicgl bjq i wjc {nff ml i{{incw ìhjqn{~& iw |f{qi rnq|w# [ml gj|q{l}tqlwwlk n{w fn`n{i{njcw nc cj{ alnco iafl {j knqlg{ {ml ìc {j ti~ ìnc{lcicgl iw {ml fi knk cj{ tqjrnklw|gm i tqjrnwnjc# ![mnw gj|q{ miw cj jt{njc a|{ {j iffj {ml klblckic{ -bi{mlq . cj{ {j ti~ ìnc{lcicgl {j{ml wjc# I{ {ml wi`l {n`l& {mnw gj|q{ bllfw {mi{ {ml ibjql`lc{njclk tqjrnwnjc wmj|fk al i`lcklk# I gmnfk-j{mlq {mic ìqqnlk ki|om{lq. wmj|fk al lc{n{flk {j ìnc{lcicgl {nff ml*wml i{{incw {ml iol jb 19 tqjrnklkml*wml nw w{nff t|qw|nco mnw*mlq w{|knlw jq j{mlqnwl ncgitiafl jb liqcnco mnw*mlq fnrlfnmjjk jq n{ al flb{ {j{ml gj|q{ {j kl{lq`ncl {nff mlc i gmnfk al tqjrnklk ìnc{lcicgl&! {ml h|kol wink# -[n`lw jb Nckni 91*=*99.

Qnom{ {j Tqnrig~ Anff -9>.[ml Ojrlqc`lc{ tqjtjwlw {j aqnco j|{ i flonwfi{njc {mi{ nff tqjrnkl tqj{lg{njc {j ncknrnk|ifw nc giwl {mlnqtqnrig~ nw aqligmlk {mqj|om |cfib|f `licw# Bjq {ml t|qtjwl n{ nw jqenco jc ”Qnom{ {j Tqnrig~„ Anff# [mlkqib{nco jb {ml flonwfi{njc nw i{ i rlq~ tqlfn`nciq~ w{iol ick kl{infw jb {ml flonwfi{njc iql ~l{ {j al bncifnxlk#[mnw iw w{i{lk a~ {ml @ncnw{lq jb W{i{l nc {ml @ncnw{q~ jb Tlqwjcclf& T|afng Oqnlricglw ick Tlcwnjcw Wmqn

R#Ciqi~iciwi`~ nc qn{{lc qltf~ {j y|lw{njc nc {ml Qih~i Wiami {jki~# -TNA& Ojr{# jb Nckni 9=*=*99.

_mi{ nw Fjetif Anff: -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 [ml Fjetif nw i ajk~ n{m i gminqtlqwjc mj nw jq iw i Gmnlb H|w{ngl jb Nckni ick lnom{j{mlq `làlqw# [ml Fjetif Anff& ic lbbjq{ {j qlnc nc {ml tlqriwnrl gjqq|t{njc nc t|afng fnbl& iw bnqw{ bfji{lknc {ml fi{l 24w& a|{ binflk {j algj`l fi klwtn{l w|gglwwnrl i{{l`t{w# N`tfl`lc{i{njc jb {ml Fjetif anffnff mjtlb|ff~ qlk|gl gjqq|t{njc nc Nckni# [ml aiwng nkli jb {ml Fjetif nw ajqqjlk bqj` {ml jbbngl jb {mljà|kwìc nc j{mlq gj|c{qnlw# N{ tqjrnklw bjq bnfnco gj`tfinc{w jb gjqq|t{njc ioincw{ `ncnw{lqw ick`làlqw jb tiqfni`lc{ n{m {ml jà|kwìc# [ml ojrlqc`lc{/w Fjetif Anff miw elt{ {ml Tqn`l @ncnw{lqick {ml h|kngniq~ iw lff iw gjck|g{ jb @Tw nc Tiqfni`lc{ j|{ jb {ml iàn{ jb {ml ic{ngjqq|t{njc i{gmkjo#



[ml T@& mjlrlq& nff gj`l |cklq {ml t|qrnl jb Fjetif ib{lq ml kl`n{w jbbngl# [ml anff onrlw tlq`nwwnjc{j Fjetif {j tqjal ic~ \cnjc `ncnw{lq jq jbbngnifw jb Oqj|t /I/ ick iajrl qice n{mj|{ ic~ wicg{njc#Iggjqknco {j {ml ojrlqc`lc{/w kqib{& {ml ajk~ nff mirl i gminqtlqwjc ick lnom{ `làlqw& ncgf|knco bj|q h|kngnif `làlqw mj nff al bjq`lq jq wn{{nco h|kolw jb W|tql`l Gj|q{ jq gmnlb h|w{nglw jb {ml mnom gj|q{#[ml Fje I~|e{iw nc {ml w{i{lw kjlw cj{ gj`l |cklq {ml t|qrnl jb {mnw anff iw {ml Glc{ql giccj{ nc{lqrlclnc {ml tjlqw jb {ml w{i{l# [ml Fjetif nff mirl n{w jc tqjwlg|{njc ick ncrlw{noi{njc nco n{m jbbnglqwick w{ibb clglwwiq~ {j giqq~ j|{ n{w b|cg{njcw# -[n`lw jb Nckni 9=*=*99.

H|kngnif W{ickiqkw ick Iggj|c{ianfn{~ Anff -9>.[ml H|kngnif W{ickiqkw ick Iggj|c{ianfn{~ Anff nc{lqifni wllew {j tqjrnkl i w{i{|{jq~ `lgmicnw` bjqlcy|nqnco nc{j gj`tfinc{w& ncgf|knco bqj` ncknrnk|ifw& ioincw{ h|kolw jb {ml Mnom Gj|q{w ick {ml W|tql`lGj|q{& lciafnco klgfiqi{njc jb iwwl{w ick fnianfn{nlw a~ {ml H|kolw ick fi~nco kjc h|kngnif w{ickiqkw {j albjffjlk a~ H|kolw# Onrnco {mnw ncbjqì{njc nc qn{{lc qltf~ {j i y|lw{njc nc {ml Fje Wiami& Wmqn WifìcEm|qwmnk& @ncnw{lq bjq Fi " H|w{ngl& mjlrlq& wink {mi{ {ml Ojrlqc`lc{ miw cj{ ìkl ic~ tqjrnwnjc {jbn} {ml {n`l fn`n{ {j tqjcj|cgl H|kol`lc{ ib{lq {ml bncif mliqnco jb {ml giwl nc {ml H|kngnif W{ickiqkw ickIggj|c{ianfn{~ Anff# -TNA& Ojr{# jb Nckni 9=*=*99.

Bjjk Anff nff al {iaflk nc nc{lq wlwwnjc8 ER [mjìw -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 [ml Qnom{ {j Bjjk Anff& mngm tqjtjwlw {j onrl `jql w|awnknwlk oqincw {j {ml tjjq& j|fk alnc{qjk|glk jcf~ nc {ml nc{lq wlwwnjc jb Tiqfni`lc{ iw gjcw|f{i{njcw n{m w{i{lw iw {ienco fjcolq {mic

l}tlg{lk& Bjjk @ncnw{lq ER [mjìw wink jc _lkclwki~# [ml kqib{ anff& ittqjrlk a~ {ml l`tjlqlkoqj|t jb `ncnw{lqw& nw g|qqlc{f~ alnco tqjglwwlk nc {ml fi `ncnw{q~# N{ iw l}tlg{lk {j al nc{qjk|glk nc{ml `jcwjjc wlwwnjc jb Tiqfni`lc{ a|{ wj`l nww|lw& ncgf|knco n{w giwm {qicwblq gj`tjclc{ ick n`tig{ jcjtlc ìqel{ tqnglw& iql w{nff {j al nqjclk j|{# Nc ln{mlq giwl& {ml Bjjk Ig{ j|fk al n`tfl`lc{lk jcf~bqj` cl}{ bnwgif& wncgl ib{lq n{w nc{qjk|g{njc nc Tiqfni`lc{& {ml anff nff al wlc{ {j {ml W{icknco Gj``n{{ll jbTiqfni`lc{ albjql n{ nw ikjt{lk# [mnw tqjglww nw l}tlg{lk {j l}{lck {nff Hic|iq~# _mnfl {ml bjjk `ncnw{q~mik tqjtjwlk i `lknic gjrlqiol jb ?<, jb {ml q|qif tjjq |cklq {ml anff& {ml CIG mik w|oolw{lkgjrlqiol jb |t {j >4,#-Lgjcj`ng [n`lw 9=*=*99.

I`lck`lc{w nc Gjcw|`lq Tqj{lg{njc Ig{ \cklq Gjcwnklqi{njc -9>.[ml Ojrlqc`lc{ nw gjcwnklqnco b|q{mlq i`lck`lc{w nc Gjcw|`lq Tqj{lg{njc Ig{ {j ìel n{ `jql rnaqic{ick lbblg{nrl# [mnw iw w{i{lk a~ Tqjb# E#R# [mjìw& @ncnw{lq jb Gjcw|`lq Ibbinqw& Bjjk " T|afngKnw{qna|{njc mnfl nci|o|qi{nco clf~ gjcw{q|g{lk a|nfknco jb Gjcw|`lq Knwt|{l Qlkqlwwif Gj``nwwnjc

mlql {jki~# Ml wink {mi{ i k~ci`ng wjgnl{~ qly|nqlw gjcw{ic{ |tki{nco jb l}nw{nco fiw {j `ll{ {ml lfbiqlick klrlfjt`lc{ cllkw jb {ml tljtfl# W{qlwwnco jc wtllk~ knwtjwif jb giwlw i{ Gjcw|`lq Knwt|{lQlkqlwwif Bjqi& Tqjb# [mjìw wink Ojrlqc`lc{ nw n`tfl`lc{nco lOjrlqcicgl tqjhlg{ gifflk‖GJCBJCL[‐ {j a|nf{ {mqll {nlq ncbjqì{njc w~w{l` i{ Gjcw|`lq Bjqi mngm nff mlft {j knwtjwl giwlwy|ngef~# Iff {ml 7< W{i{l Gj``nwwnjcw ick <>7 Knw{qng{ Bjqi mirl allc gjrlqlk |cklq {mnw N[ tqjhlg{#Mnomfnom{nco {ml cllk jb iooqlwwnrl Gjcw|`lq Iiqlclww Tqjoqi``l& {ml @ncnw{lq wink n{ nw rlq~n`tjq{ic{ {j a|nf{ gjcw|`lq gjcbnklcgl i{ {ml {n`l mlc ìqel{w iql oqjnco rlq~ biw{ ick riqnl{~ jb clwlqrnglw iql alnco nc{qjk|glk# Gjcw|`lq miw {j al lk|gi{lk {j tqj{lg{ mnw jq mlq nc{lqlw{# Tqjb# [mjìwwink `lkni gic tfi~ i wnocnbngic{ qjfl nc {mnw lcklirj|q lwtlgniff~ {j lk|gi{l gjcw|`lqw ioincw{`nwfliknco ikrlq{nwl`lc{w# W|gm ikrlq{nwl`lc{w rnjfi{l {ml gjcw|`lq qnom{w {j ncbjqì{njc ick ncbjq`gmjngl& {mlqla~ gi|wnco mn` bncicgnif fjww ick lrlc `lc{if iojc~# [ml @ncnw{lq l}tqlwwlk {ml mjtl {mi{qlglc{ ncn{ni{nrl {ielc a~ {ml Kltiq{`lc{ jb Gjcw|`lq Ibbinqw nc {mnw qloiqk j|fk ol{ mjflmliq{lkgjjtlqi{njc a~ {ml `lkni nck|w{q~# -TNA& Ojr{# jb Nckni 9?*=*99.

9> ~liqw fi{l& ”kj`lw{ng rnjflcgl„ giwl y|iwmlk -9>.@\@AIN8 I Omi{ejtiq qlwnklc{/w i{{l`t{w {j bnfl i kj`lw{ng rnjflcgl ick kjq~ miqiww`lc{ giwl& 9>~liqw ib{lq {ml ifflolk ncgnklc{w jb gq|lf{~& ioincw{ i ìc mj` wml gfin`lk {j mirl ìqqnlk& miw allc{mqjc j|{ a~ {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{# !Cj kj|a{ {mi{ {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {ml Kj`lw{ng Rnjflcgl Ig{ iql bjq{ml t|qtjwl jb wiblo|iqknco j`lc bqj` kj`lw{ng rnjflcgl&! wink H|w{ngl A Q Oirin& !i{ {ml wi`l {n`l&{ml wink tqjrnwnjcw ifwj giccj{ al tlq`n{{lk {j al `nw|wlk jq ia|wlk#! [ml h|kol wink {mi{ {ml bnqw{ncbjqì{njc qltjq{ qloiqknco gq|lf{~ iw qlonw{lqlk 9> ~liqw ib{lq {ml ifflolk ìqqniol jb 9>=># [mliffloi{njcw jb nff{qli{`lc{ iql ifwj tlq{incnco {j {ml wi`l ~liq# !Qloiqknco {ml nff{qli{`lc{& cj wtlgnbng



ncgnklcgl jb nff{qli{`lc{ ln{mlq a~ {ml ìc jq mnw tiqlc{w miw allc w{i{lk nc {ml wink BNQ&! wink {ml h|kol#!N bnck {mi{ tlq`n{{nco {ml tqjgllkncow {j al ncn{ni{lk bjq ic ifflolk rnjflcgl& ib{lq {ml tlqnjk jb 9> ~liqwbqj` {ml -ncgnklc{.& j|fk al cj{mnco flww a|{ ic ia|wl jb {ml tqjglww jb fi#! Wmic{i gfin`lk {mi{ wmlmik ìqqnlk Anh| Hjmc nc @i~ 9>=> iggjqknco {j Mnck| qlfnonj|w qn{lw# [ml wi`l `jc{m Anh|& {mj|om&ql{|qclk {j mnw mj`l{jc nc @|ri{|t|xmi& Elqifi& wi~nco ml j|fk ql{|qc# _mlc ml knk cj{& Wmic{i bnflki tl{n{njc nc {ml bi`nf~ gj|q{ bjq qlw{n{|{njc jb gjch|oif qnom{w nc 9>>4# Bnrl ~liqw fi{lq& {ml bi`nf~ gj|q{knw`nwwlk Wmic{i/w ittfngi{njc wi~nco {ml ìqqniol iw cj{ rifnk wncgl wml iw i Mnck| ick ml& iGmqnw{nic# [ml ìqqniol gj|fk mirl jcf~ allc |cklq {ml Wtlgnif @iqqniol Ig{ ick cj{ |cklq {ml Mnck|@iqqniol Ig{# [ml mnom gj|q{ nc 9>>? mik |tmlfk {ml rlqkng{# If`jw{ {j klgiklw fi{lq& nc 144?& Wmic{ibnflk i gj`tfinc{ jb kj`lw{ng rnjflcgl n{m {ml Rnemqjfn gj|q{# [ml gj|q{ nww|lk tqjgllkncow ioincw{ Anh|ick mnw bi`nf~ ick ittjnc{lk i tqj{lg{njc jbbnglq# Nc 144=& wml fjkolk ic BNQ i{ {ml Ajqnrfn tjfngl w{i{njc|cklq Wlg{njc ;>= I jb {ml Ncknic Tlcif Gjkl& ifflonco {mi{ wml iw w|ahlg{lk {j gq|lf{~ a~ mlq!m|waick! ick ncfiw mlc wml lc{ {j w{i~ nc mlq ì{qn`jcnif mj`l nc 9>=># Wmic{i qlfnlk jc i!ìqqniol glq{nbngi{l! ick tmj{jw {j tqjrl {mi{ wml iw ìqqnlk {j Anh|# [ml mnom gj|q{ wink {mi{ {mlìonw{qi{l ick wlwwnjcw gj|q{ mik lqqlk nc onrnco gqlklcgl {j {ml giwl# !N{ ittliqw {mi{ {ml ìonw{qi{lmiw {j{iff~ jrlqfjjelk {ml jqklqw tiwwlk a~ {ml bi`nf~ gj|q{ ick {ml jqklq tiwwlk a~ {mnw gj|q{ nc ittlifnc {mlqlbqj`&! wink {ml h|kol# Wi~nco {mi{ !a~ cj w{ql{gm jb nìonci{njc! {ml gmiqolw gic al ncrjelk wncgl{ml ìqqniol iw mlfk {j al ncrifnk& {ml mnom gj|q{ y|iwmlk aj{m {ml BNQ ick {ml kj`lw{ng rnjflcgl giwl#-[n`lw jb Nckni 17*=*99.

Gj`ticnlw Ig{ -9>.[ml @ncnw{lq jb W{i{l nc {ml @ncnw{q~ jb Gjqtjqi{l Ibbinqw Wmqn Q#T#C# Wncom {jki~ ncbjq`lk {ml Fje Wiami{mi{ elltnco nc rnl {ml klrlfjt`lc{w {ienco tfigl ci{njciff~ iw lff iw nc{lqci{njciff~ ick n{m i rnl {j`jklqcnxl {ml w{q|g{|ql bjq gjqtjqi{l wlg{jq {mqj|om lcfnom{lclk qlo|fi{njc& i klgnwnjc iw {ielc {jqlrnwl {ml l}nw{nco Gj`ticnlw Ig{& 9><2# Jc gj`nco nc{j bjqgl jb {ml cl Gj`ticnlw Anff& {ml l}nw{ncoGj`ticnlw Ig{& 9><2 nff al qltliflk# [ml Gj`ticnlw Anff& 144> wllew {j tqjrnkl w{qng{lq tqjrnwnjcw bjq`jql lbblg{nrl lcbjqgl`lc{ ig{njc ioincw{ gj`ticnlw ncrjfrlk nc bqi|k# Tqjrnwnjcw fnel ncn{ni{nconcrlw{noi{njc a~ Glc{qif Ojrlqc`lc{ w|j `j{j& iffjnco wliqgm ick wlnx|ql k|qnco ncrlw{noi{njc n{mj|{ja{incnco ic jqklq bqj` Wtlgnif Gj|q{& tqjrnwnjc bjq bqllxnco jb iwwl{w jb i gj`tic~ |cklq ncrlw{noi{njcjc {ml jqklq jb [qna|cif mirl allc tqjrnklk# Alwnklw& {ml Anff l`tmiwnxlw knwgfjw|qlw& kl{lqqlc{tlcif{nlw ick miw l}{lcwnrl lcbjqgl`lc{ tqjrnwnjcw# [ml @ncnw{lq iw qltf~nco {j i qn{{lc y|lw{njcml{mlq {ml Ojrlqc`lc{ tqjtjwlw {j qltlif {ml Gj`ticnlw Ig{& 9><2 a~ aqnconco nc i cl Gj`ticnlwIg{ ick {ml l}{lc{ {j mngm {ml qltfigl`lc{ jb {ml Gj`ticnlw Ig{ nw fnelf~ {j mlft nc gmlgenco bqi|kw

gj``n{{lk a~ gj`ticnlw ioincw{ ncrlw{jqw: -TNA& Ojr{# jb Nckni 1<*=*99.

QW wlif jc i`lck`lc{ {j m|ìc jqoicw anff -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 Tiqfni`lc{ jc Bqnki~ tiwwlk ic i`lck`lc{ Anff& nklcnco jt{njcw bjq m|ìc jqoic{qicwtfic{w ick ìenco ìcki{jq~ bjq `lkngif w{ibb {j qly|lw{ qlfi{nrlw jb aqinc klik ti{nlc{w bjq jqoickjci{njc# [ml flonwfi{njc& [qicwtfic{i{njc jb M|ìc Jqoicw -I`lck`lc{. Anff& 144>& nff ifwj ìel n{ìcki{jq~ bjq iff qlonw{lqlk mjwtn{ifw bjq jqoic ql{qnlrif ick {qicwtfic{i{njc {j ittjnc{ i {qicwtfic{gjjqknci{jq {j nc{lqig{ n{m {ml enc jb aqinc klik ti{nlc{w# [ml Anff& mngm iw tiwwlk a~ {ml Qih~i Wiamijc Bqnki~& ifwj tqjrnklw bjq ncgf|wnjc jb oqicktiqlc{w ick oqickgmnfkqlc nc {ml fnw{ jb cliq qlfi{nrlw& mjgic al qlglnrlqw ick kjcjqw# Liqfnlq& {ml fnw{ ncgf|klk jcf~ wtj|wl& wjc& ki|om{lq& bi{mlq& `j{mlq ickwnw{lq# -[n`lw jb Nckni 1?*=*99.

Emit ticgmi~i{w qln{lqi{l i`lck`lc{ nc Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{ -9>.

QJM[IE8 [mj|om {ml emit ticgmi~i{w rj {j w{qlco{mlc {ml `jrl`lc{ ioincw{ gjqq|t{njc& {ml~ lqlcj{ qlik~ {j wmlk {iajjw ick qln{lqi{lk {mlnq klìck bjq i`lck`lc{ nc {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{# [ml~ifwj w{jjk bnq` jc cj{ iffjnco wgqllcnco jb {ml `jrnl !EmitI w{jq~ jb mjcj|q enffnco!& nc Miq~ici# [mlwiqr emit ìmiticgmi~i{ mngm `l{ nc @lmi` {jc jb Qj{mie jc {ml ncrn{i{njc jb @lmi` gmi|anwn emitticgmi~i{ ikjt{lk bj|q qlwjf|{njcw# _mnfl n{ iwwlq{lk {j hjnc {ml bnom{ ioincw{ gjqq|t{njc ick ifwj {jiielc {ml wjgnl{~ ioincw{ blìfl blj{ngnkl& {ml ticgmi~i{w qlìnc ikiìc{ jc {j j{mlq nww|lw |tjcmngm {mlwl mik allc kqinco bfie bqj` fnalqif wjgnl{nlw oj{qi ìqqniolw ick ig{nco nc ìcclq jbeicoiqjj gj|q{w# Tqikmic jb {ml @lmi` gmi|anwn Qickmnq Wncom& {jfk [JN {mi{ {ml~ lql bnq` jc {mlnqklìck jb i aficel{ aic jc wgqllcnco jb emit& {ml `jrnl mngm mik wmjc emit ticgmi~i{w nc cloi{nrlfnom{# !_l nff cj{ fl{ i bnf` fnel {mnw wgqllc nc Miq~ici& mngm nw fnelf~ {j giw{ ic ikrlqwl lbblg{ jc {ml



wjgnl{~# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ nff al qlwtjcwnafl bjq ic~ |c{jiqk ncgnklc{ nb {mnw `jrnl nw wgqllclk klwtn{l{ml jahlg{njc jb emit ticgmi~i{w#! Wncom wink nc wlgjck qlwjf|{njc {ml~ mik |qolk {ml Miq~iciojrlqc`lc{ {j ìel ic i`lck`lc{ nc {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{& mngm nw |cklq {ml gjcg|qqlc{ fnw{ {jiggj``jki{l {ml tqlrinfnco g|w{j`w jb tqjmnan{njc jb wi`l oj{qi ick amingmiqi oj{qi ìqqniolw# ![mlklfloi{njc jb emitw j|fk `ll{ {ml gmnlb `ncnw{lq n{m j|q klìck#! Mjlrlq& ienco |t {j {ml {mqli{ jbolcklq nàificgl nc {ml wjgnl{~ k|l {j {ml blìfl blj{ngnkl& {ml emit ticgmi~i{w w{qlwwlk jc wtqlikncoiiqlclww i`jco ìwwlw jc {ml nww|l# !_mnfl {ml ojrlqc`lc{ miw bjq`|fi{lk fiw {j gmlge {ml`lcigl& n{ nw {ml qlwtjcwnanfn{~ jb emit ticgmi~i{w ick {mlnq qltqlwlc{i{nrl {j wtqlik {ml `lwwiolioincw{ blìfl blj{ngnkl# Tljtfl nc rnffiolw wmj|fk ellt i {qige jb bi`nfnlw jb tqlocic{ jìc ickic~ajk~ i{{l`t{nco wl} kl{lq`nci{njc ick iajq{njc&! {ml qlwjf|{njc w{i{lk# [ml ticgmi~i{ w|ttjq{lk {mlIcci Mixiql `jrl`lc{ ioincw{ gjqq|t{njc nc n{w bj|q{m qlwjf|{njc ick iwwlq{lk {j tiq{ngnti{l nc b|q{mlqion{i{njcw jc {ml nww|l# -[n`lw jb Nckni 1>*=*99.

Wnem ìqqniol ig{8 Ieif [iem{& KWO@G `ll{ncow {j klgnkl cl}{ `jrl -9>.I@QN[WIQ8 Ieif [iem{ Hi{mlkiq Onicn O|qaigmic Wncom miw gjcrlclk i `ll{nco jb bnrl Wnem mnomtqnlw{w jc Wlt{làlq = {j knwg|ww {ml nww|l jb wltiqi{l Wnem ìqqniol ig{ bjffjnco {ml \cnjcojrlqc`lc{dw klgnwnjc {j kqjt {ml tqjtjwif# Gqn{ngnxnco {ml Glc{ql bjq n{w !knwgqn`nci{jq~ i{{n{|kl {jiqkw{ml Wnemw!& O|qaigmic Wncom wink& !N{ nw i wlqnj|w nww|l tlq{incnco {j {ml knw{ncg{ nklc{n{~ jb {ml Wnemw ickcllkw {j al gjc{l`tfi{lk i{ {mlnq flrlf#! Ml nckngi{lk {mi{ wj`l w|ahlg{ l}tlq{w gj|fk ifwj al ncrn{lk {j{ml `ll{nco {j onrl {mlnq w|oolw{njcw nc klgnknco {ml b|{|ql gj|qwl jb ig{njc# -[n`lw jb Nckni 9*>*99.

Qnom{ {j Wlqrngl Anff tiwwlk -9>.QICGMN8 [ml iwwlàf~ jc [|lwki~ tiwwlk {ml Qnom{ {j Wlqrngl Anff ick \qaic Mielqw Anff i`nk tqj{lw{a~ {ml jttjwn{njc klìcknco aic jc l}tjq{ jb `nclqif bqj` {ml w{i{l# [ml {j anffw lql tiwwlk a~ rjnglrj{l nc {ml mj|wl mlc n{ iwwlàflk bjq {ml {mnqk {n`l ib{lq jttjwn{njc{qnoolqlk ikhj|qc`lc{w# Cj aj{m{ml anffw nff al wlc{ bjq {ml ojrlqcjq/w iwwlc{# Nc {ml bnqw{ tmiwl& {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ nc{lckw {j aqnco 14wlqrnglw |cklq {ml qnom{ {j wlqrngl ick nc giwl ic jbbnglq binfw {j gj`tfl{l {ml jqe n{mnc {ml w{nt|fi{lk{n`l& ml jq wml nff mirl {j ti~ bncl# Wj`l jb {ml n`tjq{ic{ wlqrnglw ncgf|kl knwa|qwl`lc{ jb tlcwnjc&wgmjfiqwmnt& lflg{qng gjcclg{njc ick nww|l jb kqnrnco fnglcgl& tiwwtjq{& giw{l ick ncgj`l glq{nbngi{l# Nb {mlklwnoci{lk jbbnglq binfw {j tqjrnkl wlqrngl nc {n`l n{mj|{ ic~ rifnk qliwjc& ml ì~ mirl {j ti~ i tlcif{~&mngm wmiff cj{ al flww {mic Qw <44 ick cj{ `jql {mic Qw <&444# [mlql nw ifwj i tqjrnwnjc jb n`tjwn{njc jbbncl i{ {ml qi{l jb Qw 1<4 tlq ki~ a|{ cj{ l}gllknco Qw <&444 nc giwl {ml ittlffi{l i|{mjqn{~ nw jb {mljtncnjc {mi{ {ml klwnoci{lk jbbngl miw gi|wlk |cclglwwiq~ klfi~ nc tqjrnknco wlqrngl# [ml i`j|c{ nff al

qlifnwlk bqj` {ml wifiq~ jb {ml jbbnglq# [ml \qaic Mielqw Anff miw ìkl tqjrnwnjcw bjq mlif{m ncw|qicgl{j mielqw ick {mlnq bi`nf~ `làlqw ifjco n{m tqjtlq iffj{`lc{ jb wtigl bjq rlcknco# I{ tqlwlc{mielqw kjc/{ ol{ {ml alclbn{ jb mlif{m ncw|qicgl wgml`l# -[n`lw jb Nckni 9*>*99.

Gmicolw nc Tlqwjcif Fiw -9>.Ojrlqc`lc{ wi~w {mi{ n{ nw cj{ gjqqlg{ {j wi~ {mi{ n{ miw jcf~ qlbjq`lk {ml Mnck| Tlqwjcif Fi ick miwbinflk {j jrlqmi|f tlqwjcif fiw jb `ncjqn{~ gj``|cn{nlw# W{i{nco {mnw nc qn{{lc qltf~ {j i y|lw{njc nc {mlQih~i Wiami& Wmqn Wifìc Em|qwmnk& @ncnw{lq jb Fi " H|w{ngl& wink {mi{ n{ nw {ml gjcwnw{lc{ tjfng~ jb {mlGlc{qif Ojrlqc`lc{ cj{ {j nc{lqblql nc {ml tlqwjcif fiw jb {ml `ncjqn{~ gj``|cn{nlw |cflww clglwwiq~ncn{ni{nrl {mlqlbjq gj`lw bqj` i wnxliafl gqjww wlg{njc jb {ml gj``|cn{~ gjcglqclk# Wmqn Em|qwmnk b|q{mlqncbjq`lk {ml Mj|wl {mi{ \cklq gfi|wl -i. jb wlg{njc 1 jb {ml Tqjmnan{njc jb Gmnfk @iqqniol Ig{& 1442& i‖gmnfk‐ `licw i tlqwjc mj& nb i ìfl& miw cj{ gj`tfl{lk {lc{~ jcl ~liqw jb iol ick nb i blìfl& miwcj{ gj`tfl{lk lnom{llc ~liqw jb iol ick |cklq gfi|wl -a. {mlqljb& ‖gmnfk ìqqniol‐ `licw i ìqqniol {j

mngm ln{mlq jb {ml gjc{qig{nco tiq{nlw nw i gmnfk# Iw tlq wlg{njc gfi|wl -nnn. jb wlg{njc < jb {ml Mnck|@iqqniol Ig{& 9><<& i ìqqniol ì~ al wjfl`cnxlk al{llc ic~ {j Mnck|w nb {ml aqnkloqjj` miwgj`tfl{lk {ml iol jb {lc{~ jcl ~liqw ick {ml aqnkl& {ml iol jb lnom{llc ~liqw i{ {ml {n`l jb ìqqniol#[m|w& {mlql nw cj gjcbfng{ nc aj{m Ig{w jc {ml iol jb ìqqniol& Wmqn Em|qwmnk wink# -TNA# Ojr{# nb Nckni1*>*99.

I`lck`lc{ jb Icick @iqqniol Ig{ -9>.[ml Glc{qif Ojrlqc`lc{ iw gjcwnklqnco {ml tqjtjwif {j i`lck {ml Icick @iqqniol Ig{& 9>4> wj iw {jtqjrnkl bjq qlonw{qi{njc jb Wnem @iqqniolw {mlqlnc# Mjlrlq& t|qw|ic{ {j {ml knqlg{njc jb {ml Mjc„aflW|tql`l Gj|q{ nc {ml giwl jb Wllì Rw# Iwmicn E|ìq& qltjq{lk nc INQ 1442 WG 99<=& `jw{ jb {ml



W{i{l Ojrlqc`lc{w ick \cnjc {lqqn{jq~ Ik`ncnw{qi{njcw iql {ienco clglwwiq~ w{ltw {j ìel iff ìqqniolwgj`t|fwjqnf~ qlonw{lqlk nc {mlnq qlwtlg{nrl W{i{lw* {lqqn{jqnlw mlql w|gm ìqqniol nw wjfl`cnxlknqqlwtlg{nrl jb qlfnonj|w klcj`nci{njcw# Onrnco {mnw ncbjqì{njc nc qn{{lc qltf~ {j i y|lw{njc nc {ml Qih~iWiami& Wmqn Wifìc Em|qwmnk& @ncnw{lq jb Fi " H|w{ngl& wink {mi{ mirnco qloiqk {j {ml tjwn{njc jb fi iwgjc{inclk nc Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{& 9><< mngm nw ittfngiafl {j Mnck|w& Wnemw& A|kmnw{& Hinciw ick j{mlqtlqwjcw mj iql cj{ @|wfn`w& Gmqnw{nicw& Tiqwnw ick Hlw ick {mi{ Wlg{njc = {mlqljb gjrlqw {mlqlonw{qi{njc jb Wnem @iqqniolw n{mnc n{w iàn{ ick {mi{ wlgf|knco Wnemw bqj` j{mlq gi{lojqnlw jb tlqwjcì~ ncrn{l wn`nfiq klìckw bqj` j{mlq qlfnonj|w klcj`nci{njcw mngm j|fk oj ioincw{ knqlg{nrl tqncgntflgjc{inclk nc iq{ngfl ;; jb {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc# Mlcgl& cj wltiqi{l flonwfi{njc bjq qlonw{qi{njc jb Wnemìqqniolw nw gjcwnklqlk clglwwiq~& Wmqn Em|qwmnk wink# -TNA 1*>*99.

@|wfn` ajiqkw wtfn{ jrlq _ieb knwwjf|{njc -9>.@|àin v Iolcg~8 KCI8 Iw {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ nw jc {ml rlqol jb onrnco j|{ ic n`tjq{ic{ h|ko`lc{jc ml{mlq {ml @imiqiwm{qi W{i{l _ieb Ajiqk -{ml ajk~ {mi{ ik`ncnw{lqw {mj|wickw jb @|wfn` qlfnonj|w{q|w{w. wmj|fk al knwwjfrlk& wj`l gj``|cn{~ oqj|tw iql jttjwnco {ml knwaicknco jb {ml ajiqk# Fiw{`jc{m& fi~lqw jb @|wfn` {q|w{w jttjwnco {mlnq ncgf|wnjc nc {ml _ieb fnw{& ick ojrlqc`lc{ fi~lqw&bncnwmlk {mlnq iqo|`lc{w# [ml knrnwnjc alcgm jb H|w{ngl KE Klwm`|em ick Icjjt @jm{i miw elt{ {mlgiwl bjq jqklqw {mnw lle# Ib{lq {ml _ieb Ig{ iw tiwwlk nc 9>>< ick i w{i{l _ieb Ajiqk gjcw{n{|{lk nc1441& {ml h|qnwkng{njc jb {mj|wickw jb @|wfn` t|afng {q|w{w tiwwlk bqj` {ml gmiqn{~ gj``nwwnjclq {j {ml_ieb Ajiqk# Mjlrlq& wlrlqif fiqol @|wfn` {q|w{w& ncgf|knco Ich|ìcnNwfi` ittqjigmlk {ml mnom gj|q{

gmifflconco {ml h|qnwkng{njc jb {ml _ieb Ajiqk& iqo|nco {mi{ {ml~ lql t|afng {q|w{w ick wmj|fk gjc{nc|l {jal ojrlqclk a~ {ml Ajài~ T|afng [q|w{ Ig{ ick {m|w gj`l |cklq {ml gmiqn{~ gj``nwwnjclq# _ieb {q|w{wiql ojrlqclk a~ qlfnonj|w fiw ick mlcgl gj`l |cklq {ml h|qnwkng{njc jb {ml _ieb Ajiqk# Ikrjgi{l ^|w|b@|gmmifi& mj nw qltqlwlc{nco Ich|ìcnNwfi` ick 9; j{mlq tl{n{njclqw nc {ml giwl& wink {mi{ @|wfn`wgic lw{iafnwm aj{m t|afng ick _ieb {q|w{w# ![mlql nw cj jafnoi{njc {mi{ gmiqn{iafl ncw{n{|{njcw mirl {j algqli{lk |cklq qlfnonj|w fiw# @ic~ @|wfn`w gjcwgnj|wf~ klgnkl {j oj a~ {ml t|afng {q|w{ ig{ qi{mlq {micqlfnonj|w fiw&! wink @|gmmifi# [mlql nw cj qlfniafl ki{i jc {ml c|àlq jb w|gm {q|w{w& a|{ gj``|cn{~oqj|tw gfin` {mi{ {ml {q|w{w jc cliqf~ 9&44&444igqlw jb fick nc {ml w{i{l# Fi{lf~& {mlql mirl allciffloi{njcw {mi{ {ml gmiqn{~ gj``nwwnjclq iffjlk wj`l {q|w{w {j wlff {mlnq fick bjq gj``lqgnif |wl&wj`l{mnco {mi{ nw cj{ iffjlk nb {ml~ iql qlonw{lqlk iw _ieb {q|w{w# I w|qrl~ jc {ml {q|w{w tlqbjq`lk nc1441 mlc {ml _ieb Ajiqk iw lw{iafnwmlk nw igglt{lk iw klblg{nrl# I oqj|t gifflk @imiqiwm{qi _iebAjiqk Aigmij Wi`n{n wink n{ nff jttjwl {ml knwwjf|{njc jb {ml ajiqk# ![ml gmiqn{~ gj``nwwnjclq miwiffjlk cliqf~ 974 {q|w{w {j wlff fick# [ml _ieb ajiqk wmj|fk al iffjlk {j b|cg{njc&! wink @|q{|xi

Aigmgmic jb {ml oqj|t# @|gmgmifi wink& ![ml _ieb Ajiqk miw allc k~wb|cg{njcif bjq {ml fiw{ bl ~liqw#[ml ajiqk kjlw cj{ mirl lcj|om `làlqw#! -KCI ;*>*99.

Fick anff tq|clw CIG tqngl bjq`|fi -9>.Cl Klfmn& Wlt{# <8 [ml gj`tlcwi{njc qi{l w|oolw{lk a~ {ml Ci{njcif Ikrnwjq~ Gj|cgnf miw allc tq|clknc {ml fick igy|nwn{njc anff& mjwl kqib{ {ml giancl{ m|qqnlkf~ ittqjrlk {jki~& wnklw{lttnco wlrlqifjahlg{njcw {j {q~ ick `ll{ i tjfn{ngif {n`l{iafl wl{ a~ Qim|f Oickmn# [ml anff nff al nc{qjk|glk ncTiqfni`lc{ jc _lkclwki~& q|qif klrlfjt`lc{ `ncnw{lq Hinqi` Qi`lwm {jfk qltjq{lqw# N{ nw fnelf~ {j oj {j{ml w{icknco gj``n{{ll ick al {ielc |t bjq tiwwiol k|qnco {ml nc{lq wlwwnjc# Qim|f ic{w n{ tiwwlkalbjql {ml \{{iq Tqiklwm lflg{njcw k|l cl}{ w|``lq# [ml anff gj`tlcwi{lw q|qif fickfjwlqw i{ bj|q {n`lw{ml ìqel{ rif|l& klbnclk iw {ml irlqiol wlffnco tqngl bjq i wn`nfiq {~tl jb fick nc {ml iqli# [ml WjcniOickmnmliklk Ci{njcif Ikrnwjq~ Gj|cgnf mik w|oolw{lk {ml gj`tlcwi{njc al wn} {n`lw {ml ìqel{rif|l nc q|qif iqliw# [ml qi{l nc |qaic iqliw nff al {ngl {ml ìqel{ rif|l# Qi`lwm wink {ml w{i{lw lql

bqll {j lcig{ {mlnq jc fick igy|nwn{njc fi jc {ml fnclw jb {ml glc{qif fi# Alcoif gmnlb `ncnw{lq @iì{iAiclqhll mik {jfk mn` jc Wi{|qki~ {mi{ {ml Glc{ql wmj|fk iffj {ml w{i{lw {mnw flli~# [ml anff igglt{wicj{mlq jb @iì{i„w klìckw8 {mi{ ic~ igy|nqlk tfj{ {mi{ qlìncw |c|{nfnwlk bjq 94 ~liqw gic al t|{ nc ifick aice& {j al fi{lq |wlk bjq ic~ t|qtjwl {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ kll`w bn{# Qi`lwm {micelk @iì{i bjqmlq ‖b|ff w|ttjq{‐ {j {ml anff#Wj|qglw wink {mi{ i{ {ml giancl{ `ll{nco& mngm fiw{lk `jql {mic {j mj|qw&wlrlqif `ncnw{lqw mik jahlg{lk {j glq{inc tqjrnwnjcw {mi{ {ml~ blf{ j|fk knwgj|qiol nck|w{q~ ick ibblg{ncrlw{`lc{w# [ml gqn{ngw& `jw{f~ bjq`lq gmnlb `ncnw{lqw bi`nfniq n{m {ml cn{{~oqn{{~ jb fick igy|nwn{njc& lql{jfk {ml w{icknco gj``n{{ll j|fk fi{lq fjje nc{j {mlwl tjnc{w a|{ {ml anff mik {j al {iaflk {mnw wlwwnjc#I`jco {ml gjc{lc{nj|w tqjrnwnjcw iw {ml icc|n{~ gfi|wl wi~nco ligm fickfjwlq bi`nf~ `|w{ al tink Qw1&444 lrlq~ `jc{m bjq 14 ~liqw# Wmiqik Tiiq blf{ {mnw j|fk al |ctifi{iafl bjq nck|w{q~# [ml j{mlq



jahlg{jqw ncgf|klk Rnfiwqij Klwm`|em& W|wmnf E|ìq Wmnckl& Rllqitti @jnf~ ick Rnqamikqi Wncom# [mlnqiqo|`lc{w lql cj{ qlhlg{lk j|{ jb mick algi|wl {ml ojrlqc`lc{ |cklqw{ickw {mi{ glq{inc tiq{w jb {mlkqib{ ì~ cllk {j al {infjqlk# Tqn`l @ncnw{lq @ic`jmic Wncom wink {ml anff j|fk al knwg|wwlk i{ {mlCi{njcif Klrlfjt`lc{ Gj|cgnf& mngm miw iff {ml gmnlb `ncnw{lqw iw n{w `làlqw& nc `nkJg{jalq# Qi`lwmmik fiw{ `jc{m qn{{lc {j iff {ml gmnlb `ncnw{lqw wllenco {mlnq gj``lc{w jc {ml anff& a|{ jcf~ i bl mirlqlwtjcklk# Jc i w|oolw{njc bqj` w{i{lw w|gm iw T|chia ick Miq~ici& {ml tqjrnwnjc aiccnco igy|nwn{njcjb `|f{ngqjt fick miw allc kqjttlk# [ml anff wi~w {ml gj`tlcwi{njc nff al tink {j fickfjwlqw n{mnc{mqll `jc{mw jb igy|nwn{njc& ick {ml qlwl{{fl`lc{ ick qlmianfn{i{njc alclbn{w nff al onrlc n{mnc 9=`jc{mw# [mlql nff al cj bjqgnafl knwtfigl`lc{ jb bi`nfnlw bqj` tqjhlg{ iqliw albjql {ml qlmianfn{i{njcgjfjcnlw iql gj`tfl{lk# Ib{lq igy|nwn{njc& {ml t|qtjwl jb fick|wl giccj{ al gmicolk# [mnw nff gmlgetqig{nglw w|gm iw igy|nqnco fick bjq nck|w{q~& wi~& ick |wnco n{ bjq j{mlq t|qtjwlw w|gm iw a|nfkncomj|wnco gj`tfl}lw# [ml anff& mngm wllew {j qltfigl {ml fick igy|nwn{njc ig{ jb 9=>;& ncgf|klw i tqjrnwnjc{j ittf~ {ml fi n{m ql{qjwtlg{nrl lbblg{# ‖[ml cl fi nff ittf~ {j iff giwlw jb fick igy|nwn{njc mlql{ml iiqk -gj`tlcwi{njc. miw cj{ allc ìkl wj biq |cklq {ml tqlrnj|w fi& jq {ml tjwwlwwnjc jb fickmiw cj{ allc ìkl qloiqkflww jb ml{mlq {ml iiqk miw allc tink jq cj{&‐ i `ncnw{q~ wj|qgl wink#-[lfloqitm 2*>*99.

Ojr{ |cmitt~ jrlq knwq|t{njcw iw 9? anffw binf {j ol{ gfliqlk -9>.Cl Klfmn v Iolcg~8 T[N8 _n{m knwq|t{njcw algj`nco jqklq jb {ml ki~& ojrlqc`lc{ miw l}tqlwwlkknwittjnc{`lc{ jrlq {ml binf|ql {j ol{ iw ìc~ iw 9? anffw tiwwlk nc {ml @jcwjjc wlwwnjc jb Tiqfni`lc{

mngm gjcgf|klk {jki~# Tiqfni`lc{iq~ Ibbinqw @ncnw{lq Tiic E|ìq Aicwif qloql{{lk {mi{ {ml ìnc {iwejb Tiqfni`lc{ {j ìel fiw mik {ielc i aige wli{ klwtn{l {ml wlwwnjc alnco ìkl i bnrllle ibbinq# Ncic jarnj|w kno i{ {ml AHT& ml wink tjfn{ngif knbblqlcglw wmj|fk cj{ gj`l nc {ml i~ jb fi ìenco tqjglww#Aicwif fi`lc{lk {mi{ Y|lw{njc Mj|q gj|fk cj{ al {ielc |t nc Tiqfni`lc{ bqj` ki~ {j jb {ml wn{{nco# [mlgq|gnif mj|q mlc `làlqw gic t|{ y|lw{njcw {j {ml ojrlqc`lc{ iw cj{ {ielc |t k|qnco 92 jb {ml 1<wn{{ncow jb Tiqfni`lc{# Ml wink {ml Fje Wiami fjw{ 29 mj|qw mnfl {ml Qih~i Wiami fjw{ <? mj|qw {jknwq|t{njcw# K|qnco {ml wlwwnjc& 9; Anffw 99 nc {ml Fje Wiami ick {mqll nc {ml Qih~i Wiami lqlnc{qjk|glk#[ml Fje Wiami tiwwlk 97 Anffw ick {ml Qih~i Wiami tiwwlk cncl anffw k|qnco {ml wlwwnjc# Nc{ml Fje Wiami& bnrl Wmjq{ K|qi{njc Knwg|wwnjcw |cklq Q|fl 9>7 lql mlfk jc Gj``jclif{m Oi`lw&Qlfnlb ick Qlwl{{fl`lc{ jb [i`nfw nc Wqn Ficei& nklwtqlik gjqq|t{njc nc {ml gj|c{q~ ick nww|lw qlfi{nco{j wl{{nco |t jb i Fjetif# -KCI =*>*99.

_n{mkqiif jb Oqj|ck _i{lq -9>.

Iw tlq fiw{ iwwlww`lc{ jb qltflcnwm iafl oqj|ck i{lq qlwj|qglw giqqnlk j|{ hjnc{f~ a~ Glc{qif Oqj|ck_i{lq Ajiqk ick W{i{l Oqj|ck _i{lq Jqoicnxi{njcw& icc|if oqj|ck i{lq n{mkqiif iw jc 144; bjq iff|wlw nw lw{nì{lk i{ 179 ag` tlq ~liq& j|{ jb mngm n{mkqiif bjq nqqnoi{njc nw 197 ag` ick {mi{ bjqkj`lw{ng ick nck|w{qnif t|qtjwlw {jol{mlq nw 9= ag`# @ncnw{q~ jb _i{lq Qlwj|qglw miw gnqg|fi{lk {ml@jklf Anff {j {ml W{i{lw " \cnjc [lqqn{jqnlw {j qlo|fi{l ick gjc{qjf {ml klrlfjt`lc{ jb oqj|ck i{lq# Wjbiq 99 W{i{lw ick \cnjc [lqqn{jqnlw ci`lf~ Ickmqi Tqiklwm& Anmiq& Oji& Mnìgmif Tqiklwm& Elqifi& [i`nfCik|& _lw{ Alcoif& Gmicknoiqm& Kikqi " Cioiq Mirlfn& Fiewmikllt ick T|kk|gmlqq~ mirl lcig{lkoqj|ck i{lq flonwfi{njc# 9> W{i{lw*\[w iql nc {ml tqjglww jb lcig{`lc{ jb flonwfi{njc# QlìncncoW{i{lw*\[w mirl ifwj allc qly|lw{lk {j lcig{ wn`nfiq flonwfi{njc# ”_i{lq„ nw i W{i{l w|ahlg{ {mlqlbjql&W{i{lw iql tqnìqnf~ qlwtjcwnafl bjq lcig{`lc{ jb {ml `jklf anff# [ml @ncnw{lq jb W{i{l nc {ml @ncnw{q~ Jb_i{lq Qlwj|qglw ick @ncjqn{~ Ibbinqw Wmqn Rncglc{ M# Tifi oirl {mnw ncbjqì{njc nc qn{{lc qltf~ {j iy|lw{njc nc {ml Fje Wiami {jki~# -TNA& Ojr{# jb Nckni >*>*99.

Tl{n{njc ioincw{ w{i~ jc Qihnr enfflqw/ l}lg|{njc -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 I tl{n{njc nc W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ gmifflcolk i @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{ jqklq oqic{ncow{i~ jc {ml l}lg|{njc jb {ml Qihnr Oickmn iwwiwwnci{njc giwl gjckl`clk tqnwjclqw R Wqnmiqic iei@|q|oic& O Tlqiqnrific iei Iqnr| ick [ W|{mlckqiqihi iei Wic{mic# [ml tl{n{njc bnflk a~ jcl E G Wl{mn&mj mik ifwj jqelk iw ic jbbngnif nc {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ tqnjq {j mnw ql{nql`lc{& ifflolk {mi{ {ml lc{nqlgiwl mik allc rnllk iw iwwiwwnci{njc jb Qihnr Oickmn ifjcl ick wlfkj` mik i {mj|om{ allc wtiqlk bjq{ml 9; j{mlqw mj lql enfflk nc {ml afiw{ i{ Wqntlqià|k|q jc @i~ 19& 9>>9# Wl{mn wink {mlql iw cjfloif wicg{n{~ almnck {ml tjfn{ngif w|ttjq{ ick i qlwjf|{njc tiwwlk a~ {ml [i`nf Cik| iwwlàf~ nc w|ttjq{jb gj``|{nco {ml kli{m wlc{lcgl jb {ml gjckl`clk tqnwjclqw jc {ml oqj|ck jb 99~liq klfi~ jc {ml tiq{jb {ml ojrlqc`lc{ {j klgnkl {mlnq `lqg~ tl{n{njcw# [mj|om {ml tl{n{njclq blf{ {mi{ {mlql iw ic |qolc{





wl{ {ml` jc bnql ick bflk# Bj|q ki~w fi{lq& ml iw gi|om{ nc @ikicoich nc Ih`lq knw{qng{& Qihiw{mic#Knwg|wwnco i mjfl oi`|{ jb W|tql`l Gj|q{ h|ko`lc{w klifnco n{m kli{m tlcif{~ ick fi~nco kjc {mlqiqlw{ jb qiql gi{lojq~ o|nklfnclw& H|w{ngl Ei{h| wink8 !Nc j|q jtncnjc {mnw nw jcl jb w|gm giwlw# A|qcncofnrnco tlqwjcw {j kli{m nw i mjqqnafl ig{ mngm gi|wlw l}gq|gni{nco tinc {j {ml rng{n`& ick {mnw gj|fk cj{mirl allc |cecjc {j O|hqif#! -[n`lw jb Nckni 9;*>*99.

L}nw{lcgl jb kli{m tlcif{~ iqqic{w n`tjwn{njc nc wj`l giwlw8 WG -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc [|lwki~ q|flk {mi{ {mi{ {ml tqlwlcgl jb kli{m tlcif{~ nc {ml w{i{|{lajje `licw {mi{ n{ gic al n`tjwlk nc mlncj|w ick oq|lwj`l `|qklq giwlw& w|gm iw {mjwl qlfi{nco {jmjcj|q enffnco& kjq~ kli{m& biel lcgj|c{lqw ick mnqlk enffncow# [mnw q|fnco iw micklk kjc a~ i alcgmjb H|w{nglw @iqeickl~ Ei{h| ick G E Tqiwik mnfl |tmjfknco kli{m tlcif{~ {j jcl Ihn{wncom Miqci`wncomO|hqif mj enfflk mnw nbl ick {mqll oqjc |t gmnfkqlc nc @|àin nc Itqnf 1447# [ml kli{m wlc{lcglgjncgnklw n{m i qlcllk klai{l jc kli{m tlcif{~ nc {ml iel jb lbbjq{w {j mnt |t qlwnw{icgl {j {mln`tlcknco miconco jb kli{m qj gjcrng{w8 bqj` {mjwl mlfk o|nf{~ jb iwwiwwnci{nco bjq`lq T@ Qihnr Oickmn{j Emifnw{icn {lqqjqnw{ Klrlckqi Tif Wncom Am|ffiq {j Tiqfni`lc{ i{{ige tfj{{lq Ibxif O|q|# [ml gj|q{ cj{lk{mi{ ofjaiff~ {ml `jrl`lc{ iw ii~ bqj` kli{m tlcif{~& a|{ wink {mi{ {ml h|kngniq~ giccj{ w{jt |wnco {mlgitn{if t|cnwm`lc{ bjq !qiqlw{ jb qiql! giwlw wj fjco iw n{ iw tqjrnklk bjq |cklq {ml fi# -[n`lw jb Nckni9;*>*99.

Gmnlb h|w{ngl wi~w cl gj`ticnlw Anff gj|fk mirl cn}lk gjck|n{ bnq`w " wgi`w -9>.

@|àin v Iolcg~8 KCI8 K|qnco {ml Rjkibjcl {i} giwl tqjgllkncow nc {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ fi{l fiw{ lle&Gmnlb H|w{ngl Wiqjwm M Eitikni iwelk Rjkibjcl„w gj|cwlf Iamnwmle @ic| Wncomrn iaj|{ {ml w{i{|w jb{ml cl Gj`ticnlw Anff# Wncomrn nw ifwj {ml gminqìc jb {ml Tiqfni`lc{iq~ w{icknco gj``n{{ll jc fi ick h|w{ngl# Eitikni jawlqrlk {mi{ ìc~ jb {ml wgi`w j|fk mirl allc irjnklk a|{ bjq glq{inc mix~klbncn{njcw nc {ml l}{ic{ Gj`ticnlw Ig{# _mlc Wncomrn {jfk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ {ml Anff j|fk al tqlwlc{lk nc{ml nc{lq wlwwnjc jb Tiqfni`lc{& Eitikni ql{jq{lk8 ‖Bjq wlrlqif ~liqw l mirl allc mliqnco {mnw#‐ Mlb|q{mlq jawlqrlk {mi{ gjck|n{ gj`ticnlw iql alnco |wlk {j ti~ aqnalw wncgl {mlql nw cj klbncn{njc jb”iwwjgni{lk gj`tic~„ nc {ml g|qqlc{ Gj`ticnlw Ig{# ‖@ic~ wlg{njcw kj cj{ ittf~ {j tqnri{l fn`n{lkgj`ticnlw ### {mlwl fjjtmjflw cllk {j al tf|oolk&‐ {ml gmnlb h|w{ngl gj``lc{lk# Ml ikklk {mi{ m~aqnkwlg|qn{nlw ick |cfnw{lk gj`ticnlw lql ìnc iqliw jb gjcglqcw# ‖_l iql {lffnco ~j|& Wncomrn& wncgl ~j|mirl i qjfl {j tfi~&‐ {ml gj|q{ jawlqrlk# [ml l}{ic{ Gj`ticnlw Ig{ iw lcig{lk nc 9><2 ick `|gm i{lqmiw bfjc |cklq {ml aqnkol wncgl aj{m nc {lq`w jb {ml wjgnjlgjcj`ng w{q|g{|ql jb {ml gj|c{q~ iw lff iwn{w tjfn{ngw# _jqe jc {ml cl gj`ticnlw Anff aloic wlrlc ~liqw aige ick n{w bncif rlqwnjc iw l}tlg{lk {j

al {iaflk nc {ml `jcwjjc wlwwnjc jb {ml Tiqfni`lc{# Mjlrlq& {mi{ iw cj{ {j al k|l {j wj`l fiw{`nc|{lif{lqi{njcw bjffjnco qltqlwlc{i{njcw bqj` riqnj|w ajknlw ick `ncnw{qnlw# [ml bncif kqib{ jb {ml Anff iw wlc{{j {ml Giancl{ nc {ml bnqw{ lle jb Wlt{làlq# [ml Giancl{ nw l}tlg{lk {j {iel i klgnwnjc jc n{ jrlq {mlgj|qwl jb {ml cl}{ bl llew& wj|qglw wink& ib{lq mngm& n{ nff al {iaflk nc {ml nc{lq wlwwnjc jb {mlTiqfni`lc{ bjffjnco mngm n{ nff al ìkl nc{j ic Ig{# -KCI 9>*>*99.

Miqwmlq t|cnwm`lc{ bjq gj wfi|om{lq jc i~ nc O|hiqi{ -9>.Oickmncioiq v Iolcg~8 KCI8 [ml O|hiqi{ w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ tficw {j {iafl {j cl anffw nc {mlbjq{mgj`nco {jki~ iwwlàf~ wlwwnjc {mi{ aloncw jc Wlt{làlq 12# Jcl jb {ml anffw nw bjq i`lck`lc{ nc{ml O|hiqi{ Icnìf Tqlwlqri{njc Ig{ {j iffj bjq miqwmlq t|cnwm`lc{ bjq gj wfi|om{lq# [ml j{mlqi`lck`lc{ anff {mi{ nw fnelf~ {j al nc{qjk|glk nc {ml bjq{mgj`nco iwwlàf~ wlwwnjc nff ìel gmicolw nc{ml O|hiqi{ Tqnìq~ Lk|gi{njc Ig{ {j gqli{l i /Mlikìw{lq/ gikql bjq tqnìq~ wgmjjfw nc {ml w{i{l#Wj|qglw nc {ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ wink {mi{ i {j{if jb wn} anffw nff al {iaflk nc {ml gj`nco iwwlàf~

wlwwnjc# !Bj|q anffw Qlo|fiqnwi{njc jb \ci|{mjqnwlk Klrlfjt`lc{ Anff -n`tig{ bll anff.& Fjei~|e{i-i`lck`lc{. anff& Tqnri{l \cnrlqwn{nlw Anff ick Ajài~ -E|{gm qlonjc. Nci`w Iajfn{njc -qltlif. Anff lqltiwwlk nc {ml a|kol{ wlwwnjc liqfnlq {mnw ~liq# A|{ iff {ml bj|q anffw mirl allc ql{|qclk a~ {ml Ojrlqcjqn{mj|{ mlq ittqjrif# Cj {ml wi`l anffw nff al {iaflk ioinc nc {ml gj`nco iwwlàf~ wlwwnjc&! ic jbbngnifwink jc {ml gjckn{njc jb icjc~`n{~# ![ml anff bjq i`lck`lc{ nc O|hiqi{ Icnìf Tqlwlqri{njc Ig{ nw tlqmitw{j `jffnb~ {ml gj aqllknco gj``|cn{nlw& {ml @ifkmiqnw ick {ml Ojtifiew& mj mirl allc ion{i{nco bjq iaic jc gj wfi|om{lq# [ml anff& nb tiwwlk& nw l}tlg{lk {j lck {mlnq ion{i{njc&! {ml jbbngnif wink# [mli`lck`lc{ nc {ml O|hiqi{ Tqnìq~ Lk|gi{njc Ig{ nff iffj bjq gqli{njc jb i /mlikìw{lq/ gikql bjqtqnìq~ wgmjjfw# ![ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ tficw {j qlgq|n{ cliqf~ <&444 mlikìw{lqw bjq wgmjjfw nc {mlw{i{l&! {ml jbbngnifw wink# I {j{if jb 79 anffw lql tiwwlk nc {ml fiw{ a|kol{ wlwwnjc# Jb {mlwl& bj|q mirl



allc ql{|qclk a~ {ml Ojrlqcjq# Jcl anff fjgif i|{mjqn{nlw ig{ -i`lck`lc{. anff& tjt|fiqf~ ecjc iwgj`t|fwjq~ rj{nco anff& ick _j`lc/w Qlwlqri{njc Anff iql w{nff tlcknco n{m {ml Ojrlqcjq bjq ittqjrif#-KCI 19*>*99.

I{{l`t{ {j gj``n{ w|ngnkl ì~ gliwl {j al gqn`l wjjc -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 [ml ojrlqc`lc{ nc{lckw {j i`lck {ml fi {j klgqn`ncifnxl i{{l`t{ {j gj``n{ w|ngnkl& ickì~ lbblg{ {ml `|gm cllklk qlbjq` nc i ~liq jq wj# [mnw iw nckngi{lk {j {ml Klfmn mnom gj|q{ jc_lkclwki~ a~ {ml Glc{qif ojrlqc`lc{& nc qlwtjcwl {j i TNF wllenco ql`jrif jb wlg{njc 74> jb {ml NcknicTlcif Gjkl {mi{ t|cnwmlw i{{l`t{ {j w|ngnkl n{m jcl~liq wn`tfl n`tqnwjc`lc{ jq bncl jq aj{m# !W{ickifjcl i`lck`lc{ {j ql`jrl wlg{njc 74> jb NTG ì~ cj{ al tjwwnafl# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ tficw igj`tqlmlcwnrl i`lck`lc{ nc i ~liq/w {n`l {j {ml NTG& {ml GqTG -Gqn`ncif Tqjglk|ql Gjkl. ick {mlLrnklcgl Ig{ {mi{ nff ncgf|kl gjcwnklqnco Fi Gj``nwwnjc/w qlgj``lcki{njc {j klfl{l wlg{njc 74>&!Glc{qif ojrlqc`lc{ gj|cwlf Hi{ic Wncom {jfk i alcgm jb gmnlb h|w{ngl Kntie @nwqi ick h|w{ngl WichnrEmicci# Wj|qglw nc {ml mj`l ick fi `ncnw{q~ gjcbnq`lk {mi{ klgew mirl allc gfliqlk {j tqjtjwlql`jrif jb {mnw wlg{njc# Rnlw lql wj|om{ bqj` {ml w{i{lw iw fi ick jqklq nw i w|ahlg{ jc {mlgjcg|qqlc{ fnw{# Jb {ml 1> w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{w ittqjigmlk& 1< mirl ioqllk {j {ml tqjtjwif# Wncgl gqn`nciffi biffw nc {ml gjcg|qqlc{ fnw{& iw n{ klifw n{m fi ick jqklq& {ml ittqjrif jb i ìhjqn{~ jb w{i{lojrlqc`lc{w nw wllc iw i gfncgmlq bjq {ml Tiqfni`lc{ {j tiww ic i`lck`lc{# Jcf~ ojrlqc`lc{w jb Anmiq&@ikm~i Tqiklwm ick Wneen` iql cj{ nc ioqll`lc{ n{m {ml tqjtjwif& mnfl H"E miw qlwtjcklk {mi{ {mlNTG nw cj{ ittfngiafl {j {ml`# Wncom ifwj w|a`n{{lk i cj{l tqltiqlk a~ {ml mj`l `ncnw{q~ {mi{ w{i{lw& !I

rnl miw ifqlik~ allc {ielc {j gjcwnklq qlgj``lcki{njc jb {ml Fi Gj``nwwnjc bjq klfl{njc jb 74> NTGk|qnco {ml cl}{ ai{gm jb gj`tqlmlcwnrl i`lck`lc{ {j {ml NTG#! [ml cj{l& ki{lk Wlt{làlq 9>& iww|qlw{ml gj|q{ {mi{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ nw wlqnj|w iaj|{ {ml nww|l ick ikkw {mqll Tiqfni`lc{iq~ w{ickncogj``n{{llw jc mj`l ibbinqw mirl ikrjgi{lk cllk {j !qlbjq` ick qi{njcifnxl! {ml gqn`ncif fi jb {mlgj|c{q~ a~ nc{qjk|gnco i gj`tqlmlcwnrl flonwfi{njc nc Tiqfni`lc{ ncw{lik jb aqnconco i`lck`lc{ anffw nctnlgl`lif# -[n`lw jb Nckni 11*>*99.

Wlmihkmiqn rj{nco qnom{w8 MG w|``jcw @MI qlgjqkw -9>.GMICKNOIQM8 [ienco |t {ml tfli jb Wlmihkmiqn Wnem Blklqi{njc& wllenco knqlg{njcw {j y|iwm {mlcj{nbngi{njc {mqj|om mngm {mlnq qnom{ {j rj{l nc Wmnqjìcn O|qkiqi Tiqaickmie Gj``n{{ll -WOTG. tjffwiw n{mkqic& {ml T|chia ick Miq~ici Mnom Gj|q{ jc [m|qwki~ iwelk {ml \cnjc mj`l `ncnw{q~ {jtqjk|gl {ml lc{nql qlgjqkw& jc {ml aiwnw jb mngm {ml n`t|oclk cj{nbngi{njc iw nww|lk nc 1447# H|w{ngl

W|q~i Eic{ jb {ml MG iwelk \cnjc mj`l `ncnw{q~/w gj|cwlf jc @jcki~ {j gj`l |t n{m lc{nql qlgjqkwtlq{incnco {j {ml cj{nbngi{njc ncgf|knco ic~ qlwjf|{njc& gj``|cngi{njc& l{g#& bqj` w{i{l& bjffjnco mngm n{nww|lk {ml cj{nbngi{njc jc Jg{jalq =& 1447# Ml ifwj iwelk n{ tqjk|gl qlgjqkw jb tiqfni`lc{iq~ klai{lw&lwtlgniff~ nc qlblqlcgl {j wlg{njc ?1 jb {ml W{i{lw Qljqoicnxi{njc Ig{& 9>22# [ml knqlg{njcw lql ìkl a~i b|ff alcgm gj`tqnwnco h|w{nglw W|q~i Eic{& @ @ W Alkn ick @|{iggn Hi~iti|f# Knqlg{njcw lql ifwjnww|lk a~ {ml alcgm {mi{ i klt|{~ wlgql{iq~qice wlcnjq jbbnglq jb {ml \cnjc mj`l `ncnw{q~ al tqlwlc{ jc@jcki~ albjql {ml gj|q{& ifjco n{m {ml wink qlgjqkw& mj wmj|fk al iafl {j icwlq {ml y|lqnlw jb {mlalcgm jc {ml nww|l# [ml ì{{lq j|fk gj`l |t bjq b|q{mlq mliqnco jc @jcki~# Liqfnlq& {ml giwl iwmliqk a~ i b|ff alcgm gj`tqnwnco h|w{nglw @ @ E|ìq& Ifje Wncom ick O|qklr Wncom& mngm mik jc[|lwki~ qlg|wlk n{wlfb bqj` {ml giwl ib{lq i gjc{qjrlqwnif w{i{l`lc{ a~ i wlcnjq ikrjgi{l& MiqamioicWncom& flk {ml alcgm {j tiww ic jqklq jc Wlt{làlq 9 nc {ml giwl# Mjlrlq& {ml jqklq iw qlgifflk fi{lq#[ml ì{{lq mik qligmlk {ml mnom gj|q{ ib{lq i a|cgm jb tl{n{njcw bnflk a~ Wlmihkmiqn Wnem Blklqi{njc ickj{mlqw& gmifflconco {ml ig{njc jb {ml \cnjc ojrlqc`lc{ ick j{mlq qlwtjcklc{w& mlqla~ Wlmihkmiqn Wnemw

lql cj{ alnco gjcwnklqlk iw Wnemw nc rnl jb {ml n`t|oclk i`lcklk wlg{njcw ;> ick >1 jb {mlO|qkiqi Ig{# [ml wink i`lck`lc{w lql ìkl nc Jg{jalq 1447 a~ {ml {mlc CKI ojrlqc`lc{ h|w{albjql {ml 144; WOTG lflg{njcw# [ml tl{n{njclqw mirl w|a`n{{lk {mi{ {ml jqnoncif Ig{ klgfiqlk WimhkmiqnWnemw iw y|ifnbnlk lflg{jqw bjq WOTG lflg{njcw ick {ml itl} gj|q{ mik& nc c|`lqj|w h|ko`lc{w& mlfk {mi{{ml w{i{l giccj{ qlo|fi{l {ml klbncn{njc jb qlfnonjc# -[n`lw jb Nckni 17*>*99.

1< w{i{lw ioqll8 w|ngnkl i{{l`t{ wmj|fk cj{ al t|cnwmiafl a~ fi -9>.Cl Klfmn8 [lc{~ bnrl Ncknic w{i{lw mirl birj|qlk w{qnenco kjc NTG Wlg 74> {mi{ gqn`ncifnwlw i{{l`t{{j gj``n{ w|ngnkl a~ ìenco n{ t|cnwmiafl n{m n`tqnwjc`lc{# Qlwtjcknco {j i y|lq~ a~ {ml \cnjc mj`l`ncnw{q~& w{i{lw qlglc{f~ wlc{ {mlnq gj``lc{w gjcg|qqnco n{m {ml qlgj``lcki{njc jb {ml 194{m Qltjq{ jb



{ml Fi Gj``nwwnjc mngm ikrjgi{lk qltlifnco Wlg 74># N{ mik iqo|lk {mi{ i{{l`t{nco w|ngnkl iw‖ìcnblw{i{njc jb i knwliwlk gjckn{njc jb `nck‐ {mi{ gifflk bjq {qli{`lc{ ick giql qi{mlq {mic t|cnwm`lc{#\cklq Wlg 74>& ic~jcl mj i{{l`t{w {j gj``n{ w|ngnkl ‛ jq kjlw ic~ ig{ {jiqkw gj``n{{nco w|gm icjbblcgl ‛ nw fniafl {j al t|cnwmlk n{m i jcl~liq wn`tfl n`tqnwjc`lc{ jq bncl jq aj{m# @T& Anmiq ickWneen` mirl iqo|lk bjq gjc{nc|nco n{m {mnw wlg{njc# [ml fi `ncnw{q~ wink n{ iwc„{ nc birj|q jb i ‖w{ickifjcl‐ i`lck`lc{ jb Wlg 74> ick j|fk fjje i{ i`lcknco {ml fiw gj`tqlmlcwnrlf~# W|awly|lc{f~& {mlmj`l `ncnw{q~ wj|om{ gj``lc{w bqj` w{i{lw# Mj`l `ncnw{q~ jbbngnifw wink n{ j|fk {iel i ~liq {j aqncoiaj|{ gj`tqlmlcwnrl i`lck`lc{w nc cj{ h|w{ {ml NTG a|{ ifwj {ml GqTG ick Lrnklcgl Ig{& alwnklw iklgnwnjc jc klfl{njc jb Wlg{njc 74># I knrnwnjc alcgm jb Klfmn Mnom Gj|q{ Gmnlb H|w{ngl Kntie @nwqi ickH|w{ngl Wichnr Emicci {jje |t bjq mliqnco i qn{ tl{n{njc wllenco {j l}tlkn{l {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb {mlFi Gj``nwwnjc qltjq{# [ml Glc{ql„w gj|cwlf& Ikkn{njcif Wjfngn{jq Olclqif I W Gmickmnje ick Hi{icWncom& ittqnwlk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ {ml `ncnw{q~ qlglnrlk gj``lc{w bqj` {ml w{i{lw ick j|fk gj`l |t n{mgj`tqlmlcwnrl qlbjq`w tlq{incnco {j gqn`ncif fiw nc {ml gj|c{q~# Ittliqnco bjq {ml tl{n{njclq& COJ@lc{if Mlif{m Bj|cki{njc& ikrjgi{l Ikn{~i Wmiceiq iqo|lk {mi{ t|cnwmnco i w|ngnkl i{{l`t{ iwc„{ jcf~icigmqjcnw{ng& n{ iw iqan{qiq~ ick jttqlwwnrl {j {ml lfbiql jb m|ìc alncow# -[ml Bncicgnif L}tqlww17*>*99.

T|chia {j wmlfrl Am|ffiq qlwjf|{njc -9>.Gmicknoiqm v Iolcg~8 KCI8 _mnfl bjq`lq klt|{~ wtlielq Anq Klrncklq Wncom miw wink {mi{ {ml q|flw jb {mlT|chia iwwlàf~ knk cj{ iffj i qlwjf|{njc nc birj|q jb EFB `nfn{ic{ Kirncklq Tif Wncom Am|ffiq {j al

{iaflk nc {ml Mj|wl iw {ml giwl iw tlcknco nc i gj|q{& gmnlb `ncnw{lq Tiqeiwm Wncom Aikif nckngi{lk {mi{‖i qlwjf|{njc bjq gfl`lcg~ bjq Am|ffiq j|fk al nc{qjk|glk nc {ml gj`nco wlwwnjc jb {ml T|chia RnkmicWiami jcf~ nb {mlql iw i tjwwnanfn{~ jb ol{{nco n{ tiwwlk‐# Iw {ml w{i{l AHT ick {ml Gjcoqlww mirlifqlik~ wj|cklk {mlnq jttjwn{njc {j n{& {ml gjc{qjrlqwnif qlwjf|{njc `nom{ clrlq al {iaflk nc {ml Mj|wl iw{ml Ieifnw kj cj{ lchj~ ìhjqn{~ jc {mlnq jc# ‖_l -WIK. ic{lk {j aqnco i qlwjf|{njc {j gjcrlq{ Am|ffiq„wkli{m wlc{lcgl {j fnbl n`tqnwjc`lc{ bjq mnw alclbn{& a|{ {ml Gjcoqlww ick j{mlq tjfn{ngif tiq{nlw iqljttjwlk&‐ ml wink mlql jc Bqnki~# Liqfnlq& {ml bjq`lq klt|{~ wtlielq wink& ‖iw tlq {ml l}nw{nco Q|flw jbTqjglk|ql ick Gjck|g{ jb A|wnclww nc {ml T|chia Rnkmic Wiami& q|fl >7 w|a q|fl -1. gfi|wl -NR. gfliqf~klaiqw i `làlq jb {ml Mj|wl bqj` qlblqqnco {j ic~ w|gm ì{{lq jc mngm i h|kngnif klgnwnjc nw tlcknconc i gj|q{#‐ Ml wink ic @FI gj|fk cj{ qlblq {j i ì{{lq jc mngm i h|kngnif klgnwnjc iw tlcknco# ‖[mnwgfliqf~ n`tfnlw {mi{ {ml nww|l qlfi{nco {j gj``|{nco {ml kli{m wlc{lcgl {j Am|ffiq giccj{ al knwg|wwlk jc{ml bfjjq jb {ml Mj|wl iw {ml giwl nw alnco mliqk a~ {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{#‐ Nb i{ iff {ml T|chia ojrlqc`lc{nwmlw {j knwg|ww {ml ì{{lq nc i bjq` jb qlwjf|{njc& {mlc {ml ojrlqc`lc{ nff mirl {j qly|lw{ {ml wtlielq

{j w|wtlck Q|fl >7 w|a q|fl -1. gfi|wl -nr.&‐ ml ikklk# -KCI 9*94*99.

Qlfnlb bjq `nwmit rng{n`w -9>.Qicgmn& Jg{# 18 Iggnklc{ rng{n`w ick {mlnq bi`nfnlw nff cj fjcolq mirl {j in{ bjq ~liqw bjq gj`tlcwi{njcbqj` ncw|qicgl gj`ticnlw& lwtlgniff~ nc Qicgmn# Klt|{~ gj``nwwnjclq E#E# Wjic miw iwelk wlcnjqw|tlqnc{lcklc{ jb tjfngl -WWT. Wiel{ E|ìq Wncom {j lcw|ql {mi{ iff tjfngl w{i{njcw l}lg|{l Wlg{njc 9<=-2. jb {ml @j{jq Rlmngfl Ig{w& 9>==& nc fnom{ jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ h|kol`lc{ klfnrlqlk jc Klglàlq 9?&144># Iggjqknco {j n`tfngi{njcw& {ml jbbnglq nc gmiqol jb i tjfngl w{i{njc& |cklq mjwl h|qnwkng{njc {mliggnklc{ {ielw tfigl& nff ncbjq` {ml @j{jq Rlmngfl Gfin`w [qna|cif -@RG[. iaj|{ {ml ncgnklc{ n{mnc i`jc{m ick {ml {qna|cif nff {qli{ n{ iw {ml tl{n{njc bjq iiqknco gj`tlcwi{njc {j {ml rng{n`w jq {mlnq enc#[ml itl} gj|q{ knqlg{lk iff w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{w {j lcw|ql {mi{ {ml tjfngl gj`tf~ n{m {ml tqjrnwnjcw jbWlg{njc 9<= -2.# [ml mnom gj|q{w lql ifwj knqlg{lk {j nww|l o|nklfnclw {j {ml @RG[w {j ig{ iw tqjrnklk|cklq Wlg{njc 9<= -2.# [ml WG mik wl{ I|o|w{ 1494 bjq iff tjfngl w{i{njcw*gfin`w {qna|cifw {j n`tfl`lc{

{ml knqlg{nrl# [ml KOT iw knqlg{lk {j lcw|ql {mi{ clglwwiq~ bjq`w ick ncbqiw{q|g{|ql w|ttjq{ iw ìklirinfiafl onrl lbblg{ {j Wlg{njc 9<= -2. jb {ml Ig{# Wjic w|co nc{j ig{njc ib{lq i klgnwnjc i{ {ml knw{qng{`jcn{jqnco glff mliklk a~ h|kngnif gj``nwwnjclq I#R# Wncom qlglc{f~# Nqjcngiff~& knqlg{jq olclqif jb tjfngl-KOT. O#W# Qi{m iw cj{ iiql jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ knqlg{nrl# ‖N i` cj{ iiql jb {ml jqklq& a|{ nffglq{incf~ fjje nc{j ick lcbjqgl n{&‐ ml {jfk [ml [lfloqitm# Wlrlqif w{i{lw& ncgf|knco Klfmn& mirl ifqlik~n`tfl`lc{lk {ml knqlg{nrl# Wnocnbngic{f~& iggnklc{w iql bqly|lc{ nc Hmiqemick# W{i{nw{ngw irinfiafl n{m {mlCi{njcif Gqn`l Qlgjqk A|qli| -CGQA. {nff 144> wi~w {mi{ ;9#= tlq glc{ jb |cci{|qif kli{mw jgg|qqnco nc{ml w{i{l iql fncelk {j qjik iggnklc{w ioincw{ {ml ci{njcif irlqiol jb 7?#> tlq glc{# Hi`wmlkt|q ickKmicaik iggj|c{ bjq `jw{ jb {ml iggnklc{w# I{ tqlwlc{& {ml knw{qng{ ik`ncnw{qi{njc tqjrnklw |t{j Qw1<&444 {j {ml rng{n`w n``lkni{lf~ ib{lq {ml iggnklc{& {qli{nco n{ iw i mn{ ick q|c giwl bqj` n{w jc gjbblq



ick {ml rng{n`w mirl {j bnfl i gfin` albjql {ml {qna|cif mngm {ielw ~liqw {j tqjglww# ‖_l bigl n``lcwlknbbng|f{~ nc ol{{nco kl{infw iaj|{ {ml jclq jb i rlmngfl {j tqltiql {ml kjg|`lc{w bjq ncw|qicgl gfin`w# Ncwlrlqif giwlw N mirl bj|ck {ml jclq ajje {j al biel# N{ {ielw& nc wj`l giwlw& jrlq 94 ~liqw {j ol{gj`tlcwi{njc&‐ wink Iqrnck Fiff& i fi~lq# Ml ikklk {mi{ n{ {ml lc{nql tqjglww wmj|fk nkliff~ {iel {mqll`jc{mw# ‖_mi{ mittlcw nw {mi{ i wl{ jb fi~lqw iql ig{nrl ick ìel gjc{ig{w n{m {ml rng{n`w jq {mlnqbi`nf~ `làlqw {j bnom{ {mlnq giwlw ick bnfl giwlw |cklq Wlg{njc 9;4 bjq ol{{nco nc{lqn` qlfnlb ick ioincWlg{njc 922 bjq b|ff gj`tlcwi{njc# Nc wlrlqif giwlw& {ml fi~lqw bnom{ {ml giwlw jc gj``nwwnjc mngmi`j|c{ {j 14 {j 74 tlq glc{ jb {ml gj`tlcwi{njc i`j|c{ qlglnrlk bqj` {ml ncw|qicgl gj`ticnlw&‐ winkicj{mlq mnom gj|q{ ikrjgi{l# Wjic {jfk [ml [lfloqitm {mi{ {ml qlglc{ A|ck| ncgnklc{& mngm flb{ 11 klik&tqj`t{lk mn` {j nww|l {ml knqlg{nrl jc {ml ikrngl jb {ml h|kngnif gj``nwwnjclq# [ml gfin` {qna|cif nw i{tqlwlc{ b|cg{njcnco i{ Qicgmn ick Mixiqnaiom# Lfwlmlql& knw{qng{ h|kolw iql gj`tl{lc{ {j mliq {mlgiwlw# Iqj|ck <444 giwlw qlfi{lk {j `j{jq iggnklc{ gfin`w iql tlcknco nc riqnj|w gj|q{w nc {ml w{i{l#‖@jw{ giwlw& tiq{ng|fiqf~ nc ql`j{l iqliw& oj |cqltjq{lk ick {ml rng{n`w iql ln{mlq klcnlk gj`tlcwi{njcjq jt{ bjq j|{ jb gj|q{ wl{{fl`lc{# Nb {ml WG jqklq nw lcbjqglk& n{ nff lcw|ql 944 tlq glc{ qltjq{ jb giwlwick iff iggnklc{ rng{n`w nff ol{ gj`tlcwi{njc&‐ wink i fi~lq# [ml itl} gj|q{ q|fnco wink {ml tqjafl`qlfi{lw {j tqjglk|qif klfi~w nc wl{{fl`lc{ jb gfin`w a~ @IG[ ick gjcwly|lc{nif miqkwmnt {j {ml rng{n`wick {mlnq bi`nfnlw#-[ml [lfloqitm 7*94*99.

@iqqniol n{m `ncjq onqf rjnkiafl8 gj|q{ -9>.

MLCCIN& Jg{jalq ;& 14998 @iqqniol jb i tlqwjc n{m i onqf mjwl iol nw alfj 9= nw rjnkiafl# N{ nffw|awnw{ |c{nf n{ nw icc|fflk a~ i gj|q{ |cklq {ml Tqjmnan{njc jb Gmnfk @iqqniol Ig{& {ml @ikqiw Mnom Gj|q{wink jc @jcki~# W|gm i ìqqniol nw cj{ i ‖rifnk ìqqniol‐ nc {ml w{qng{ wlcwl5 a|{ n{ nw ‖cj{ ncrifnk&‐ n{ wink#Nc i h|ko`lc{& i B|ff Alcgm& gj`tqnwnco H|w{nglw E#C# Aiwmi& [# W|kic{mnqi` ick W# Cioi`|{m|& wink{mi{ {ml ik|f{ ìfl nc i gmnfk ìqqniol j|fk cj{ al {ml ci{|qif o|iqknic jb {ml blìfl gmnfk# [mnw iw ncrnl jb {ml n`tfnlk qltlifnco jb wlg{njc 2 -g. jb {ml Mnck| @ncjqn{~ ick O|iqknicwmnt Ig{# Iw tlq {mltqjrnwnjc& nc {ml giwl jb i ìqqnlk `ncjq onqf& {ml m|waick wmj|fk al {ml ci{|qif o|iqknic# N`tfnlkf~ {mltqjrnwnjc w{jjk qltliflk a~ {ml Tqjmnan{njc jb Gmnfk @iqqniol Ig{# Liqfnlq& {ml bi{mlq jb i `ncjq onqf bnflk imialiw gjqt|w tl{n{njc wllenco i knqlg{njc {j {ml [nq|riff|q [jc tjfngl w{i{njc {j wlg|ql mnw ki|om{lqiolk 9? ~liqw bqj` {ml nffloif g|w{jk~ jb i tlqwjc& tqjk|gl mlq albjql {ml gj|q{ ick mick mlq jrlq {jmn`# _mlc {ml ì{{lq gi`l |t albjql i Knrnwnjc Alcgm& {ml `ncjq onqf ittliqlk ick bnflk ic ibbnkirn{ {mi{wml mik bifflc nc fjrl n{m i tlqwjc ick ìqqnlk mn` nc H|f~ {mnw ~liq# Ib{lq gjcwnklqnco {ml qnrifw|a`nwwnjcw& {ml Alcgm knqlg{lk {mi{ {ml onqf al elt{ nc i ojrlqc`lc{/w gmnfkqlc/w mj`l# N{ qlblqqlk {ml

ì{{lq {j i B|ff Alcgm {j klgnkl {ml y|lw{njcw& ncgf|knco ml{mlq i ìqqniol jb i tlqwjc n{m i blìfl jbflww {mic 9= ~liqw gj|fk al wink {j al i rifnk ìqqniol ick {ml g|w{jk~ jb {ml onqf al onrlc {j {mlm|waick& ick ml{mlq i `ncjq gj|fk al wink {j mirl qligmlk {ml iol jb knwgql{njc ick& {mlqla~& ifeii~ bqj` {ml fib|f o|iqknicwmnt jb mlq tiqlc{w ick qlb|wl {j oj nc {mlnq g|w{jk~# [ml ìfl mj ìqqnlki gmnfk biffnco n{mnc {ml tqjrnwnjc jb Wlg{njc 91 jb {ml Mnck| @iqqniol Ig{ iw cj{ i m|waick jb {ml `ncjqnc {ml floif wlcwl# [mlqlbjql& iw tlq {ml Mnck| @ncjqn{~ ick O|iqknicwmnt Ig{& ml j|fk cj{ igy|nql {mlw{i{|w jb ci{|qif o|iqknic jb w|gm i gmnfk i{ iff# [mj|om w|gm i rjnkiafl ìqqniol w|awnw{w& |c{nf n{ iwln{mlq igglt{lk l}tqlwwf~ jq n`tfnlkf~ a~ {ml gmnfk ib{lq i{{incnco {ml lfnonafl iol jq icc|fflk a~ i gj|q{ jbfi& w|gm ìqqniol gj|fk cj{ al ly|i{lk {j i ‖rifnk ìqqniol‐# [ml Alcgm wink wncgl {ml tiq{nlw nc {mlgiwl lql Mnck|w& n{ iw gjcbncnco n{w knwg|wwnjcw jcf~ {j fiw qlfi{nco {j {mi{ qlfnonjc# N{ wink {ml ìflmj ìqqnlk i gmnfk j|fk cj{ al lc{n{flk {j g|w{jk~ jb {ml gmnfk lrlc nb wml l}tqlwwlk mlq klwnql {j ojn{m mn`# Mjlrlq& nc {ml nc{lqlw{ jb {ml onqf/w lfbiql& ml ì~ `jrl {ml gj|q{ {j wl{ mlq i{ fnalq{~ nb wmliw nffloiff~ kl{inclk a~ ic~ajk~# Nc i mialiw gjqt|w tl{n{njc& mnfl oqic{nco g|w{jk~ jb i `ncjq onqf& {ml

gj|q{ wmj|fk gjcwnklq {ml tiqi`j|c{ lfbiql ncgf|knco {ml `ncjq onqf/w wibl{~ cj{n{mw{icknco {ml floifqnom{ jb {ml tlqwjcw mj wj|om{ g|w{jk~# -[ml Mnck| ;*94*99.

Cj iqqlw{ bjq g|w{j` " l}gnwl {i} lriwnjc n{mj|{ iqqic{w8 W|tql`l Gj|q{ -9>.Cl Klfmn v Iolcg~8 T[N8 Jbblcglw jb lriknco g|w{j`w ick l}gnwl {i} iql ainfiafl ick ic igg|wlktlqwjc giccj{ al iqqlw{lk n{mj|{ iqqic{w& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw q|flk wi~nco w|gm gqn`lw giccj{ ally|i{lk n{m gqn`ncif jbblcglw# I {mqll h|kol alcgm mliklk a~ H|w{ngl If{iìw Eianq wink {ml ìncjahlg{ jb G|w{j` ick L}gnwl Ig{w iw {ml qlgjrlq~ jb l}gnwl k|{nlw ick cj{ qliff~ {j t|cnwm bjqncbqncol`lc{ jb n{w tqjrnwnjcw# !Mirnco gjcwnklqlk {ml riqnj|w tqjrnwnjcw jb {ml Glc{qif L}gnwl Ig{& 9>;;&ick {ml Gjkl jb Gqn`ncif Tqjglk|ql& mngm mirl allc ìkl ittfngiafl {j {ml 9>;; Ig{& l iql jb {ml





wlcnjq AHT fliklq Iq|c Hin{fl~ mik wink {mi{ mnw tiq{~ knk cj{ w|awgqnal {j iff {ml tqjrnwnjcw jb {ml anff& mlwink& !Qnom{ cj N i` {ienco n{ -Oikeiqn/w fl{{lq. jc bigl rif|l# Mj gic ~j| cj wi~ {mi{ Hin{fl~ nw qnom{ jqqjco jq Oikeiqn nw qnom{ jq qjco: _ml{mlq i tiq{ng|fiq tiq{~ nff klfnrlq -n{w tqj`nwl. nff al tqjrlk ncTiqfni`lc{# Nb {ml AHT kjlw cj{ klfnrlq& {ml gj|c{q~ nff oj {j lflg{njcw nc wj`l tfigl jq {ml j{mlq#!Klblcknco {ml klgnwnjc {j jttjwl Gjcoqlww& ml wink n{ iw {ml k|{~ jb {ml q|fnco tiq{~ {j ol{ i anff tiwwlknc Tiqfni`lc{# !Gjcoqlww nw tfi~nco tjfn{ngw ick {q~nco {j gq|wm {ml `jrl`lc{&! Elhqnif wink# Iwelk m~Mixiql iw {iqol{nco jcf~ {ml Gjcoqlww& {ml ig{nrnw{ wink ml ic{lk {j gfiqnb~ {mi{ {ml Oickmnic `lic{\TI mlc ml qlblqqlk {j Gjcoqlww# Ml wink {ml iffnlw mik fn{{fl w{iel nc {ml bnrl w{i{lw mngm j|fk oj {jtjffw nc {ml cliq b|{|ql# Iwelk m~ [li` Icci mik cj{ iccj|cglk n{w nc{lc{njc {j gi`tinoc ioincw{Wiìhikn Tiq{~ jq AWT mngm mirl ìkl n{ gfliq {mi{ {ml~ mirl nww|lw n{m [li` Icci/w anff& ml wink{mlwl tiq{nlw lql cj{ ncrjfrlk nc ol{{nco {ml anff tiwwlk# !N{ nw {ml \TI mngm nw ncrjfrlk nc tiwwnco jb {mlanff# Wj nb {ml \TI kjlw cj{ tiww {ml anff& Icci nff gi`tinoc ioincw{ {ml \TI&! ml wink# Elhqnif wink mlknk cj{ {mnce {ml `jrl`lc{ j|fk fjwl gqlknanfn{~ k|l {j n{w ic{nGjcoqlww w{ick& gfin`nco {mi{ {mlbllkaige qlglnrlk jc {mlnq klgnwnjc {j gi`tinoc ioincw{ Gjcoqlww iw tjwn{nrl# -[n`lw jb Nckni94#94#99.

Ikrjgi{lw& t|afng wlle ittjnc{`lc{ jb tw~gmjfjonw{ i{ gj|q{ -9>.GMLCCIN8 [mlql nw i cllk bjq i b|ff{n`l y|ifnbnlk tw~gmjfjonw{ n{m gfncngif l}tlqnlcgl {j mickfl giwlw i{{ml bi`nf~ gj|q{& wi~ ikrjgi{lw ick {ml t|afng# _n{m gj|cwlffnco tfi~nco ic n`tjq{ic{ qjfl nc i{{l`t{nco {jmlft qlwjfrl ì{qn`jcnif knwt|{lw& tqjblwwnjcifw gj|fk h|kol {ml wlrlqn{~ jb oqj|ckw nc knrjqgl tl{n{njcw

igg|qi{lf~& {ml~ blf{# Bi`nf~ gj|q{ tqncgntif h|kol [ G W Qihi Gmjgeifncoi` wink {mlql iw ic |twnco nctlqwjcw n{m `lc{if mlif{m nww|lw bnfnco tl{n{njcw bjq knrjqgl# [mlwl ncgf|klk gjckn{njcw w|gm iwwgmnxjtmqlcni ick antjfiq `jjk knwjqklq# Ml ifwj `lc{njclk {mi{ n{ iw n`tjq{ic{ bjq h|kolw {j mirl iaiwng ecjflkol jb tw~gmjfjo~ {j |cklqw{ick giwlw al{{lq# [ml Bi`nf~ Gj|q{w Ig{& 9>=;& iw lcig{lk {jtqj`j{l gjcgnfni{njc ick wlg|ql wtllk~ wl{{fl`lc{ jb knwt|{lw qlfi{nco {j ìqqniol ick bi`nf~ ibbinqw#![ml gjcglt{ jb {ml bi`nf~ gj|q{ nw {j ql|cn{l {ml bi`nf~# Nb {mi{ kjlwc/{ jqe& l {q~ {j iqqnrl i{ iwl{{fl`lc{ {mqj|om `|{|if gjcwlc{# [mlql iql ncw{icglw mlc fi~lqw {ml`wlfrlw mirl mlfk gj|cwlffncowlwwnjcw bjq aj{m tiq{nlw nc {mlnq gmiàlqw n{wlfb&! wink Ikmnfiewm`n Fjoi`|q{m~& i fi~lq mj miw allctqig{ngnco i{ {ml bi`nf~ gj|q{ bjq `jql {mic i klgikl# G|qqlc{f~& {mlql iql 11 gj|cwlffjqw mj klif n{mgiwlw qlblqqlk {j {ml` bqj` {ml bj|q bi`nf~ gj|q{w nc Gmlccin# Lnom{ tljtfl bqj` {ml oqj|t i{{lck {j {mlì{{lqw lrlq~ `jc{m# _mnfl gj|cwlffjqw gj`tqnwl wjgnif jqelqw ick tlqwjcw n{m l}tlqnlcgl nc klifncon{m ìqn{if knwt|{lw& ikrjgi{lw wink {mi{ {ml tqjglww gj|fk al ìkl `jql lbbngnlc{ nb {ml gj|cwlffjqw miki aiwng y|ifnbngi{njc nc tw~gmjfjo~ jq lql onrlc i wtlff jb {qincnco# !N{ nw n`tjq{ic{ bjq fn{noic{w {j al iafl

{j jtlc |t {j {mlnq gj|cwlffjqw# [ml~ wmj|fk al iafl {j rlc{ {mlnq oqnlricglw bqllf~# [mlql iql {n`lw mlc{ml gj|cwlffjqw {ml`wlfrlw ittliq aniwlk nc birj|q jb jcl tiq{~# [mnw wmj|fk al irjnklk# N{ nw iawjf|{lf~clglwwiq~ bjq {ml tljtfl {j al gj`bjq{iafl mnfl i{{lcknco gj|cwlffnco&! wink ikrjgi{l A Qih~ifiewm`n#-[n`lw jb Nckni 94*94*99.

W|tql`l gj|q{ q|flw& cj gjqqjajqi{njc qly|nqlk nc qitl giwlw -9>.Cl Klfmn v Iolcg~8 T[N8 [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw q|flk {mi{ nc qitl giwlw {mlql iw cj cllk bjqgjqqjajqi{njc ick gjcrng{njc gic al n`tjwlk jc {ml wjfl w{i{l`lc{ jb {ml rng{n` iw mlq {lw{n`jc~ giccj{al fjjelk i{ n{m w|wtngnjc# !N{ nw i {qn{l fi {mi{ i jìc& mj nw {ml rng{n` jb wl}|if iwwi|f{& nw cj{ iciggj`tfngl {j {ml gqn`l a|{ nw i rng{n` jb icj{mlq tlqwjc/w f|w{# [ml tqjwlg|{qn} w{ickw i{ i mnomlqtlklw{if {mic ic nch|qlk n{clww iw wml w|bblqw bqj` l`j{njcif nch|q~# [mlqlbjql& mlq lrnklcgl cllk cj{al {lw{lk n{m {ml wi`l i`j|c{ jb w|wtngnjc iw {mi{ jb ic iggj`tfngl# [ml Ncknic Lrnklcgl Ig{ cjmlqlwi~w {mi{ mlq lrnklcgl giccj{ al igglt{lk |cflww n{ nw gjqqjajqi{lk nc ì{lqnif tiq{ng|fiqw&! {ml itl}

gj|q{ wink# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw T Wi{miwnri` ick A W Gmi|mic tiwwlk {ml q|fnco mnfl knw`nwwnco icittlif bnflk a~ @jmk N`qic Emic ick Hiìf Im`lk gmifflconco {mlnq gjcrng{njc bjq qitl jb i `ncjq onqfiaj|{ 11 ~liqw ioj# [ml klblcgl mik iqo|lk {ml rng{n`/w w{i{l`lc{ giccj{ al qlfnlk |tjc iw wml miklfjtlk n{m {ml igg|wlk# -KCI 99*94*99.

MG qlb|wlw {j y|iwm BNQ ioincw{ ìc bjq qitl& gqn`ncif nc{n`nki{njc jb nbl -9>.@|àin8 [ml Ajài~ mnom gj|q{ miw qlb|wlk {j y|iwm i Bnqw{ Ncbjqì{njc Qltjq{ -BNQ. jb qitl ickgqn`ncif nc{n`nki{njc fjkolk a~ i jìc ioincw{ mlq m|waick& albjql {mlnq ìqqniol# Onrlc {mlwlqnj|wclww jb {ml gmiqolw& {ml gj|q{ miw iwelk {ml gj|tflw„ tiqlc{w {j onrl ic jqif |cklq{ienco {mi{ {mlwn{|i{njc jc„{ al qltli{lk# [ml gj|tfl mik `jrlk {ml gj|q{ {j y|iwm {ml BNQwi~nco {ml~ mik i`ngiaf~



wl{{flk {ml ì{{lq ick knk cj{ ic{ {j t|qw|l i floif giwl# Nc H|f~ {ml gj|q{ mik iwelk {ml gj|tfl bjqtqjjb jb {mlnq ìqqniol# [ml knrnwnjc alcgm jb H|w{ngl I@ Emicnfeiq ick H|w{ngl TK Ejkl jawlqrlk&‖Mj gic l y|iwm wlqnj|w jbblcglw fnel qitl ick gqn`ncif nc{n`nki{njc:‐ @ice|ciq Klwm`|em& {mlikkn{njcif t|afng tqjwlg|{jq mik jttjwlk {ml tfli ìkl a~ {ml gj|tfl# ‖_mi{ nb ib{lq y|iwmnco {ml BNQ&{ml m|waick nff{qli{w {ml nbl ick ioinc {ml lc{nql tjfngl ìgmnclq~ nw wl{ nc `j{njc&‐ ml wink# [ml gj|q{ioqllk n{m Klwm`|em ick miw knqlg{lk {ml tiqlc{w jq qlfi{nrlw jb {ml gj|tfl {jittliq nc gj|q{# Iw tlq{ml tl{n{njc bnflk a~ iwtnqnco `jklf W|cnf @itwleiq -ci`l gmicolk.& ml iw gmiqolk n{m qitl ick|cci{|qif wl} a~ i 11~liqjfk jìc -cj mnw nbl.# [ml onqf& ifwj ic iwtnqnco `jklf& minfw bqj` Nckjqlick mik gj`l {j @|àin nc 144? {j algj`l ic ig{jq# [ml~ `l{ nc Wlt{làlq& {jje i fnenco {j ligm j{mlqick oj{ tm~wngiff~ ncrjfrlk# Fi{lq @itwleiq mik kj|a{w {mi{ {ml onqf iw gmli{nco mn` ick ifflolkf~ia|wlk mlq ick ìcmickflk mlq# Jc Klglàlq 91& 1494 {ml onqf fjkolk i gj`tfinc{ n{m {ml Rlqwjritjfngl w{i{njc# Ib{lqiqkw {ml gj|tfl w{q|ge i gj`tqj`nwl jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ {ml~ j|fk ìqq~# [ml {j{mlc bnflk gjcwlc{ {lq`w albjql {ml ìonw{qi{l gj|q{ ick `jrlk {ml mnom gj|q{ {j y|iwm {ml BNQ#-KCI92*94*99.

@iì{i/w mlft wj|om{ bjq qinwnco rjngl ioincw{ IBWTI -9>.EJFEI[I8 @icnt|q Tqiklwm [qnci`jjf Gjcoqlww jc @jcki~ l}{lcklk n{w b|ff w|ttjq{ {j /Nqjc Fik~/ Nqj`Wmiq`nfi Gmic| bjq mlq klgiklfjco m|colq w{qnel klìcknco qltlif jb {ml Iq`lk Bjqglw -WtlgnifTjlqw. Ig{ ick |qolk tiq{~ gmnlb @iì{i Aiclqhll {j qinwl mlq rjngl jc {ml nww|l# !_l iql ioincw{ {mlIBWTI ick l}{lck j|q b|ff w|ttjq{ {j Wmiq`nfi Gmic| bjq mlq fjco bnom{ ioincw{ {mnw kqigjcnic ig{&!

@icnt|q Tqiklwm [qnci`jjf Gjcoqlww gminqtlqwjc Elc Oico{l {jfk qltjq{lqw ib{lq `ll{nco Aiclqhll#Oico{l& iggj`ticnlk a~ fjcl tiq{~ @FI nc {ml w{i{l E Wiqi{ Wncom& `l{ Aiclqhll i{ {ml w{i{l wlgql{iqni{mlql# Ml ifwj ncrn{lk mlq {j gi`tinoc bjq {ml gj`nco Iwwlàf~ lflg{njcw nc {ml w{i{l# Oico{l wink {mi{ {ml@icnt|q Tqiklwm [qnci`jjf Gjcoqlww j|fk gjc{lw{ iff 24 wli{w nc {ml gj`nco lflg{njc# -[n`lw jb Nckni9?*94*99.

Wnaif bql{w jrlq Q[L qjffj|{ klfi~ -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 MQK `ncnw{lq Eitnf Wnaif jc _lkclwki~ l}tqlwwlk gjcglqc iaj|{ {ml binf|ql jb ano w{i{lwnc n`tfl`lc{nco {ml Qnom{ {j Lk|gi{njc Ig{# Ml iw wtlienco i{ {ml w{i{l lk|gi{njc `ncnw{lqw/ gjcblqlcgljc gmifenco j|{ i gj``|cn{~ `janfnxi{njc tqjoqi``l bjq Q[L# !N{ nff al i mnw{jqng binf|ql& nb l mirltiwwlk {ml Ig{ a|{ cj{ n`tfl`lc{lk#! Wnaif wink# Wj biq& 14 w{i{lw mirl cj{nbnlk Q[L q|flw# Mjlrlq& anow{i{lw fnel [i`nf Cik|& Eiqci{iei& @imiqiwm{qi& O|hiqi{ ick _lw{ Alcoif iql ~l{ {j bjffj w|n{# I ci{njcnkl gi`tinoc j|fk al fi|cgmlk bqj` C|m nc @li{& Miq~ici& bqj` Cjrlàlq 99 bjq tqj`j{nco Q[L

igqjww wgmjjfw# I `lwwiol a~ Tqn`l @ncnw{lq iaj|{ Q[L {j lrlq~ mlik {ligmlq jb {ml wgmjjf j|fk alqlik j|{ i{ {ml wgmjjf iwwlàf~# [ml gi`tinoc j|fk al {ielc |t nc iff 97 fiem wgmjjfw igqjww {mlgj|c{q~& Wnaif wink# Jc {ml wnklfnclw jb {ml gjcblqlcgl& {ml `ncnw{lq wink {ml fjgjw{ gj`t|{nco klrngl&Iieiwm& miw olclqi{lk i fj{ jb !lc{m|wniw`! i`jco {ml I`lqngic t|afng ick wlrlqif gj`ticnlw {mlqlmirl lrncglk nc{lqlw{ {j iwwjgni{l n{m {ml tqjhlg{ {j qinwl n{w lbbngnlcg~ ick tqjk|g{nrn{~# Wnaif miw h|w{ql{|qclk bqj` i llefjco {qnt {j {ml \W& mlql ml i{{lcklk {ml bnqw{ Nckj\W mnomlq lk|gi{njc w|``n{#Ml wink kl{infw jb Iieiwm lql ifwj wmiqlk n{m _jqfk Aice& mngm w|oolw{lk wtqliknco n{ i`jco {mlw{|klc{w ofjaiff~# ![mlql iw i fj{ jb lc{m|wniw` w|qqj|cknco Iieiwm# Wlrlqif tljtfl ick ano gj`ticnlw`l{ |w mj iql nc {mnw a|wnclww -N[.# [ml~ l}tqlwwlk nc{lqlw{ {j tiq{clq n{m {mnw tqjhlg{& {j ncgqliwl n{wittfngi{njc ick wtllk& ncgqliwl {ml tqjglwwjq bqj` 744 @Mx {j =44 @Mx&! Wnaif wink# Mjlrlq& ml wink{ml tqngl {io jb +7< j|fk qlìnc {ml wi`l& ick {ml \W bnq`w mirl ioqllk {j {mnw# [ml jqfk/w gmlitlw{{iafl{ TG {mi{ gjw{w jcf~ Qw 1&1?2 iw fi|cgmlk jc Jg{jalq <& ick n{ nff al irinfiafl i{ iqj|ck mifb {mnwtqngl {j w{|klc{w iw tiq{ jb ojrlqc`lc{/w tqjoqi``l {j l}tick lk|gi{njc {mqj|om ncbjqì{njc

{lgmcjfjo~# Ic ncn{nif jqklq jb jcl fiem {iafl{w miw allc tfiglk n{m klrngl ìelq Ki{inck# -[n`lw jbNckni 14*94*99.

WG Gj``nwwnjc ic{w klbncn{njc jb gjqq|t{njc l}ticklk nc Fjetif anff -9>.Cl Klfmn8 [ml Ci{njcif Gj``nwwnjc bjq Wgmlk|flk Giw{lw miw w|oolw{lk l}ticknco {ml klbncn{njc jb{ml {lq` gjqq|t{njc nc {ml tqjtjwlk Fjetif Anff a~ ncgf|knco nww|lw fnel cjc |{nfnwi{njc ick knrlqwnjc jbb|ckw bqj` wgml`lw `lic{ bjq {ml lfbiql jb W[w ick WGw# N{ miw ifwj w|oolw{lk {mi{ cj h|kol jq {mlGmnlb H|w{ngl wmj|fk al lfnonafl bjq ittjnc{`lc{ nc Fjetif ticlf nb ml miw !tiwwlk ikrlqwl h|kol`lc{ jcn`tjq{ic{ kifn{ nww|lw!# Nc i gj``|cngi{njc wlc{ {j {ml Tiqfni`lc{iq~ W{icknco Gj``n{{ll jc Fi ick



H|w{ngl ick Tlqwjcclf wgq|{ncnwnco {ml Fjetif Anff& {ml Gj``nwwnjc nw fliqc{ {j mirl wink nww|lw fnel cjcliqìqenco jb b|ckw |cklq Wgmlk|flk Giw{l w|a tfic ick {qnaif w|a tfic nc tqjtjq{njc {j qlwtlg{nrltjt|fi{njc wmj|fk ifwj biff |cklq {ml klbncn{njc jb gjqq|t{njc# [ml klgnwnjc {j w|oolw{ aqjiklcnco {mlklbncn{njc jb oqib{ iw {ielc i{ i `ll{nco jb {ml b|ff Gj``nwwnjc mlfk qlglc{f~# !###Cjc bjq`|fi{njc jbwgml`lw l}gf|wnrlf~ bjq {ml alclbn{ jb WG& W[5 cjc |{nfnwi{njc jb b|ckw5 knrlqwnjc jb {mlwl b|ckw bjqwgml`lw j{mlq {mic lfbiql jb WG*W[& kltqnri{njc jb qnom{w ick wiblo|iqkw tqjrnklk nc {ml Gjcw{n{|{njcick j{mlq fiw tiwwlk a~ Tiqfni`lc{ ick w{i{l Iwwlàfnlw ick jbbngnif jqklqw ick cj{nbngi{njcw! alaqj|om{ iàn{ |cklq {ml klbncn{njc jb gjqq|t{njc& {ml Gj``nwwnjc miw {jfk {ml W{icknco Gj``n{{ll# N{ miwifwj w|oolw{lk {mi{ nc {ml tqlwgqnalk y|ifnbngi{njcw& i tqjrnwnjc wmj|fk al ikklk {mi{ Fjetif jq n{w`làlqw !`|w{ al bqll bqj` giw{l aniw!# Gj``nwwnjc Gminqìc TF T|cni mik qlglc{f~ ittliqlk albjql{ml Tiqfni`lc{iq~ ticlf# -KCI 1;*94*99.

97 gq|gnif w{i{l anffw iin{ cjk bqj` Glc{ql -9>.[ml \cnjc ojrlqc`lc{„w klfi~ nc onrnco iwwlc{ {j anffw tiwwlk a~ {ml w{i{l flonwfi{|ql miw t|{@imiqiwm{qi ojrlqc`lc{„w wjgnif qlbjq`w tficw jc mjfk# I{ fliw{ 97 anffw tiwwlk nc {ml w{i{l flonwfi{|qlmirl allc iin{nco iwwlc{ bqj` {ml Glc{ql# [ml anffw& mngm mirl allc iin{nco {ml iwwlc{& ncgf|kl anffwqlfi{nco {j mielqw tjfng~& bll qlo|fi{njcw ig{w& ick kq|celc ick qiwm kqnrnco# [ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ miwallc gjcw{ic{f~ bjffjnco |t n{m {ml Glc{ql bjq iwglc{ {j `jql {mic 9< anffw# [j anffw qlglc{f~ oj{ {mlcjk bqj` {ml Glc{ql# Gj|tfl jb {ml anffw miw allc tlcknco n{m {ml Glc{ql bjq cliqf~ {j ~liqw# [ml |qaicklrlfjt`lc{ kltiq{`lc{ miw gmifelk j|{ i tjfng~ {j knwgntfncl {ml mielqw nc ano gn{nlw# [ml anff

i`lcknco {ml Gjqtjqi{njc Ig{ iw tiwwlk a~ aj{m {ml Mj|wlw jb {ml flonwfi{|ql nc 144> ick iw wlc{ {j{ml Glc{ql bjq n{w iwglc{#Wi`l nw {ml giwl jb {ml Jqtmicol anff {mi{ iw tiwwlk cliqf~ {j ~liqw ioj#Lrlc {ml anff bjq {ml ig{njc ioincw{ tqnri{l `jcl~flcklqw miw allc iin{nco {ml cjk bqj` {ml glc{ql# [mlanff iw tiwwlk nc {ml flonwfi{|ql nc liqf~ 1494# [ml w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{ mik w|oolw{lk mnel nc {ml bncl bjqqiwm ick kq|celc kqnrnco ick i`lcklk {ml @j{jq Rlmngflw Ig{ nc Klglàlq 1494# [ml n`tfl`lc{i{njcgiccj{ al w{iq{lk |cflww {ml Glc{ql onrlw n{ cjk bjq {ml i`lck`lc{# Qlglc{ anffw {mi{ mirl allc iin{nco{ml Glc{ql„w iwglc{ ncgf|kl Lk|gi{njc Ncw{n{|{njcw Bll Qlo|fi{njc Ig{& mngm iw tiwwlk nc {ml `jcwjjcwlwwnjc {mnw ~liq# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ nw jqqnlk {mi{ nb {ml iwwlc{ nw cj{ qlglnrlk nc {n`l& {ml qlo|fi{njcgiccj{ al n`tfl`lc{lk bqj` cl}{ igikl`ng ~liq# Ic jbbngnif bqj` {ml fi ick h|kngniq~ kltiq{`lc{ winkgmnlb `ncnw{lq Tqn{mrnqih Gmiric miw qlglc{f~ nc{lqrlclk ick qn{{lc {j {ml glc{qif ojrlqc`lc{ {j l}tlkn{l{ml tqjglk|ql# -KCI 1<*94*99.

LG {j wlle fi `ncnw{q~ cjk jc /qnom{ {j qlhlg{/ jt{njc nc tjffw -9>.

CL_ KLFMN8 Igglt{nco i ìhjq [li` Icci klìck& Lflg{njc Gj``nwwnjc nff al qn{nco {j {ml fi`ncnw{q~ iwenco bjq {ml jt{njc jb ! qnom{ {j qlhlg{! {j al nc{qjk|glk nc lflg{njcw nc bnrl w{i{lw ojnco {j tjffwcl}{ ~liq# [ml gj``nwwnjc nff iwe fi `ncnw{q~ {j w|n{iaf~ i`lck tjff q|flw ick iffj nc{qjk|g{njc jb ia|{{jc nc {ml lflg{qjcng rj{nco ìgmnclw {mi{ onrlw rj{lqw {ml jt{njc jb !cjcl jb {ml iajrl!# Wtlienco {j[JN ib{lq i `ll{nco n{m {ml gj``nwwnjc& [li` Icci `làlq Iqrnck Elhqnif wink& ![ml LG miw nctqncgntfl ioqllk {mi{ iff LR@w wmj|fk ncgf|kl cjcl jb {ml iajrl jt{njc# N{ nff qn{l {j {ml fi `ncnw{q~iwenco bjq {mnw {j al nc{qjk|glk nc bnrl tjff aj|ck w{i{lw bjq n`tfl`lc{i{njc#! Wj|qglw wink {mlql iw cjcllk {j i`lck {ml fi ick i gmicol gj|fk al ìkl {mqj|om ic l}lg|{nrl jqklq# [li` Icci `làlqwncgf|knco Elhqnif& Wmic{n Am|wmic& Tqiwmic{ Am|wmic ick Enqic Alkn `l{ {ml b|ff Lflg{njc Gj``nwwnjcjc @jcki~ qloiqknco {mlnq klìckw# G|qqlc{f~& iggjqknco {j lflg{njc q|flw& wlg{njc ;> kjlw iffj i rj{lq{j igglww i /cjcl jb {ml iajrl/ gmjngl a|{ rnjfi{lw mnw wlgqlg~ iw {ml ncknrnk|if cllkw {j bnff i tm~wngifbjq` i{ {ml tjffnco ajj{m# Gjcrlq{nco {mnw nc{j ic lflg{qjcng bjqì{ nff iffj {ml rj{lq {j qlìncicjc~`j|w# Tqn`l @ncnw{lq @ic`jmic Wncom mik iww|qlk ig{nrnw{ Icci Mixiql {mi{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ iw

gjcwnklqnco {ml /qnom{ {j qlhlg{/ tqjtjwif# [li` Icci mik wink lflg{jqif qlbjq`w lql cl}{ jc n{w iolckiib{lq {ml gi`tinoc i{ Qi`fnfi @inkic lcklk# [ml LG miw wink {mi{ qnom{ {j qlgiff nw qi{mlq `jqlgj`tfngi{lk ick n{w n`tfngi{njcw cllk {j al gjcwnklqlk albjql n{ nw n`tfl`lc{lk# [mlql nw i qnwe {mi{ qnom{{j qlgiff gic flik {j ncw{ianfn{~ n{m rlcolb|f jttjclc{w jb ic @T |wnco {ml jt{njc {j miqiww i flon{nì{lf~lflg{lk qltqlwlc{i{nrl# [ml Mixiql oqj|t w{qlwwlk {ml cllk bjq /qnom{ {j qlgiff/ {j al nc{qjk|glk# Mjlrlq&{ml gj``nwwnjc l}tqlwwlk ittqlmlcwnjc wi~nco {mi{ {mnw j|fk tqjrl n`tqig{ngif# Wj|qglw wink Wmic{nAm|wmic iqo|lk nc birj|q jb {ml qlbjq` wi~nco {mnw j|fk qlk|gl `jcl~ ick `|wgfl tjlq nclflg{njcw#-[n`lw jb Nckni 9*99*99.

Mj|wl ticlf iwew ojr{ {j kqib{ lcl`~ tqjtlq{~ anff ibqlwm -9>.



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mirl allc bnflk ~nlfknco {ml qlrlc|l jb Qw# ?#?9 gqjql# Iw {ml klìck bjq irinfnco jb {mnw gjcglwwnjc nwtlqwnw{lc{& i klgnwnjc miw allc {ielc {j l}{lck {mnw jcl {n`l `liw|ql {nff 9<#91#1499# -a. Nc{loqi{njc jbKnqlg{jq„w Nklc{nbngi{njc C|àlq -KNC. n{m TIC ki{i aiwl8 [ml @GI miw ifqlik~ wn`tfnbnlk {ml tqjglk|qljb jcfncl iffj{`lc{ jb KNC jc {ml aiwnw jb rlqnbngi{njc n{m TIC ki{i aiwl {mqj|om i tqig{ngncotqjblwwnjcif# [j ql`jrl k|tfngi{l KNCw& {ml l}nw{nco KNC mjfklqw mirl allc gifflk |tjc {j |tki{l {mlnqTIC kl{infw& ick {ml {n`l fn`n{ miw bjq {ml t|qtjwl miw allc l}{lcklk {nff 9<{m Klglàlq& 1499# -g.Qlk|gnco Klfi~ nc ittqjrif jb lbjq`w a~ Qlonw{qiq jb Gj`ticnlw8 Liqfnlq& {ml Qlonw{qiq jb Gj`ticnlw-QJGw. lql iffjlk i tlqnjk jb 914 ki~w bjq ittqjrif jb lbjq`w& ncgf|wnrl jb {n`l {ielc& nb ic~& bjqwllenco gfiqnbngi{njcw bqj` {ml gj`ticnlw gjcglqclk# [j qlk|gl {ml tlcklcg~ ick {j l}tlkn{l ittqjrifw&{ml {n`l fn`n{ miw allc qlk|glk {j 24 ki~w# -k. N`tqjrl`lc{w nc {ml FFT lOjrlqcicgl Wlqrngl8 Bnfnco jbicc|if w{i{l`lc{ jb iggj|c{w a~ Fn`n{lk Fnianfn{~ Tiq{clqwmnt miw cj allc aqj|om{ |t |cklq {ml”W{qinom{ [mqj|om Tqjglww ”-W[T. tqjglk|ql# B|q{mlq& kjg|`lc{w bnflk a~ FFT iql cj irinfiafl bjq t|afngrnlnco# -Ojr{# jb Nckni8 TNA 91*99*99.

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Eqnwmci @lcjc @iqo qlwnklcgl nc {ml gitn{if& a|{ kl{infw jb {mlnq knwg|wwnjc lql cj{ irinfiafln``lkni{lf~& wj|qglw nc Cl Klfmn wink# [ml `ll{nco gj`lw gfjwl jc {ml mllfw jb Ic{jc~ wi~nco {mlw{i{l/w \cnbnlk Gj`ìck gjql gj``n{{ll mliklk a~ Iak|ffim ick gj`tqnwnco gj`ìcklqw jb {ml NcknicIq`~/w 9< ick 92 Gjqtw ick {ml w{i{l tjfngl iw l`tjlqlk {j {iel i klgnwnjc jc {ml klìck bjqn{mkqiif jb {ml IBWTI# Ic{jc~ mik i gj|tfl jb ki~w ioj cj{lk {mi{ {ml klblcgl `ncnw{q~ mik ifqlik~gjcrl~lk n{w jtncnjc jc {ml ì{{lq {j {ml ojrlqc`lc{# [ml klblcgl `ncnw{lq/w qlìqew gi`l nc {ml ieljb Iak|ffim/w iwwlq{njcw {mi{ ml mik {ml tjlqw& iw w{i{l gmnlb `ncnw{lq& {j klgnkl jc {ml IBWTIn{mkqiif# @licmnfl& jbbngnif wj|qglw nc Hi``| wink {ml Hi``| ick Eiwm`nq giancl{ nff `ll{Cjrlàlq 9? {j knwg|ww {ml qlrjgi{njc jb IBWTI bqj` tiq{w jb {ml w{i{l# [ml giancl{ j|fk al aqnlblk a~{ml gmnlb `ncnw{lq iaj|{ {ml klfnalqi{njcw {mi{ {jje tfigl jc {ml qlrjgi{njc jb IBWTI i{ {ml |cnbnlkgj`ìck `ll{nco nc Hi``| Cjr >& {ml wj|qglw {jfk NICW# [ml Ncknic Iq`~ miw jttjwlk lrlc tiq{niffnb{nco jb IBWTI bqj` {ml w{i{l& wi~nco n{ j|fk !mi`tlq {ml iq`~/w jtlqi{njcw ioincw{ {lqqjqnw{w ick {mlnqcl{jqe nc {ml w{i{l!# Mjlrlq& Iak|ffim miw nckngi{lk ml j|fk oj imlik n{m {ml qlrjgi{njc jb IBWTI

bqj` i{ fliw{ bj|q knw{qng{w jb {ml w{i{l Wqncioiq ick A|koi` nc {ml Eiwm`nq Riffl~ ick Hi``| ickWiài nc {ml Hi``| qlonjc# Nc ic nc{lqrnl n{m i clw gmicclf qlglc{f~& Iak|ffim wink {ml iq`~ miwcj{ jtlqi{lk nc {mlwl iqliw bjq fjco ick mlcgl kjlw cj{ cllk {ml tqj{lg{njc jb {ml wtlgnif tjlqw# [mlg|qqlc{ klai{l jc {ml nww|l aloic ib{lq {ml gmnlb `ncnw{lq Jg{ 19 iccj|cglk nc Wqncioiq {mi{ IBWTI nffoj bqj` wj`l iqliw jb {ml w{i{l n{mnc ki~w# IBWTI& mngm onrlw wlltnco tjlqw {j {ml iq`lk bjqglw&iw ncrjelk nc {ml riffl~ nc 9>>4 ick {ml Hi``| qlonjc nc 1449# -KCI 97*99*99.

TNFw gic/{ al aiwlk wjflf~ jc Q[N ncbjqì{njc8 WG -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 Ncbjqì{njc ja{inclk |cklq Qnom{ [j Ncbjqì{njc Ig{ nw ncgqliwncof~ algj`nco {ml aiwnw jbt|afng nc{lqlw{ tl{n{njcw wllenco h|kngnif qlkqlww jb oqnlricglw# [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc @jcki~knwittqjrlk jb {mnw `jk|w jtlqickn ick wink bqj` cj& n{ j|fk cj{ lc{lq{inc TNFw wjflf~ aiwlk jc Q[Nncbjqì{njc# !Tl{n{njclqw aicenco jc ncbjqì{njc ja{inclk {mqj|om Q[N Ig{ `|w{ ittqjigm {ml gjcglqclk`ncnw{q~& aqnco {ml big{w {j n{w cj{ngl ick klìck h|w{ngl# Nb {ml `ncnw{q~ kjlw cj{ qltf~& n{ nw i knbblqlc{

ì{{lq# A|{ i tlqwjc `|w{ klìck cj{ngl bqj` {ml i|{mjqn{nlw bnqw{ albjql ittqjigmnco {ml gj|q{w&! ialcgm jb Gmnlb H|w{ngl W M Eitikni ick H|w{ngl Wi{ic{lq E|ìq wink# Gj|cwlf R Hjofleiq& ittliqncobjq tl{n{njclq Iff Nckni Qjik Cl{jqe \wlqw Iwwjgni{njc& wink jrlq 744 Q[N ittfngi{njcw lql bnflk ick {mlncbjqì{njc wmjlk fige jb nc{lc{ ick kqnrl jc {ml tiq{ jb {qicwtjq{ i|{mjqn{nlw igqjww {ml gj|c{q~ {jlcbjqgl wibl{~ bn{`lc{w nc rlmngflw# Iawlcgl jb w|gm bn{`lc{w mik flk {j c|`lqj|w bi{if iggnklc{w nc {mlqinc~ wliwjc& n{ wink ick tfliklk bjq lcbjqgl`lc{ jb cjq`w wtlgnbnlk |cklq {ml @j{jq Rlmngflw Ig{# A|{{ml alcgm iw |cqlflc{nco nc n{w w{ick {mi{ lrlq~ tl{n{njclq `|w{ bnqw{ onrl i gj`tqlmlcwnrlqltqlwlc{i{njc iaj|{ mnw oqnlricgl {j {ml i|{mjqn{nlw ick klìck h|w{ngl# Jcf~ mlc {ml i|{mjqn{nlw jq`ncnw{qnlw binf {j ikkqlww {ml qltqlwlc{i{njc gic i tlqwjc `jrl {ml gj|q{& n{ wink# !N{ nw cj{ binq {mi{lrlq~jcl wmj|fk ittqjigm {ml gj|q{ ib{lq ja{incnco ncbjqì{njc |cklq Q[N n{mj|{ onrnco cj{ngl {j {ml



gjcglqclk i|{mjqn{nlw&! n{ wink# Iff Nckni Qjik Cl{jqe \wlqw Iwwjgni{njc& {mqj|om gj|cwlf @icnwm Tn{ifl&wink n{ mik wj|om{ ncbjqì{njc bqj` {qicwtjq{ gj``nwwnjclqw igqjww {ml gj|c{q~ iaj|{ lcbjqgl`lc{ jbtqjrnwnjcw qlfi{nco {j tqjtlq bn{{ncow nc giqw& a|wlw& {q|gew ick j{mlq mlir~ rlmngflw {j `ncn`nxl iggnklc{wiqnwnco bqj` tjjq rnwnanfn{~ k|qnco {ml `jcwjjc wliwjc# N{ wink {ml glc{qif flonwfi{njc qlfi{nco {j `j{jqrlmngflw wtlgnbnlk cjq`w qlfi{nco {j qliq rnl `nqqjq& `|k bfitw ick qlbflg{jqw bjq riqnj|w gi{lojqnlw jbi|{j`janflw# A|{ algi|wl jb tjjq n`tfl`lc{i{njc& q|ccnco jb rlmngflw jc qinc~ ki~w gi|wlk mlir~ gfj|kjb i{lq tiq{ngflw& mngm jaw{q|g{lk {ml rnwnjc jb kqnrlqw ick flk {j bi{if iggnklc{w# [ml alcgm gfiqnbnlk{mi{ n{ iw cj{ |cklq`ncnco {ml n`tjq{icgl jb {ml TNF a|{ ncwnw{lk {mi{ {ml tl{n{njclqw `|w{ ittqjigm {mlojrlqc`lc{ bnqw{ albjql `jrnco gj|q{w# N{ iffjlk n{mkqiif jb {ml TNF iw {ml gj|cwlf wink {mliwwjgni{njc j|fk ìel i tqjtlq qltqlwlc{i{njc albjql {ml `ncnw{q~ gjcglqclk# -[n`lw jb Nckni 9<*99*99.

Giancl{ gfliqw 12, BKN nc tlcwnjc& a|{ git cj{ tiq{ jb anff5 l„ff wll& wi~w AHT -9>.Cl Klfmn8 [ml |cnjc giancl{ {jki~ ittqjrlk 12 tlq glc{ bjqlnoc knqlg{ ncrlw{`lc{ -BKN. nc {ml tlcwnjcwlg{jq& ick gfliqlk i`lck`lc{w {j {ml Tlcwnjc B|ck Qlo|fi{jq~ ick Klrlfjt`lc{ I|{mjqn{~ -TBQKI.Anff& 1499# Iw qltjq{lk a~ [ml Ncknic L}tqlww jc _lkclwki~& {ml ojrlqc`lc{ miw klgnklk cj{ {j`lc{njc {ml BKN git nc {ml TBQKI anff# N{ nff bnck `lc{njc nc {ml qlo|fi{njcw {j {ml flonwfi{njc# [ml anff iwnc{qjk|glk nc {ml Fje Wiami nc @iqgm& ick iw qlblqqlk {j {ml tiqfni`lc{iq~ w{icknco gj``n{{ll jcbncicgl gminqlk a~ wlcnjq AHT fliklq ick bjq`lq bncicgl `ncnw{lq îwmic{ Wncmi# [ml gj``n{{llqlgj``lcklk {ml ncwlq{njc nc {ml fi {ml 12 tlq glc{ BKN gfi|wl ick {ml iww|qlk ql{|qc gfi|wl nc {mlCl Tlcwnjc Wgml`l# [ml gj``n{{ll mik wj|om{ i qltf~ bqj` {ml bncicgl `ncnw{q~ jc m~ {ml bjqlnoc

ncrlw{`lc{ glnfnco bjq {ml tlcwnjc wlg{jq iw cj{ tqlwgqnalk nc {ml anff& ick flb{ {ml klgnwnjc jc BKN {j {mll}lg|{nrl# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ nw jb {ml rnl {mi{ bjqlnoc ncrlw{`lc{ nc {ml tlcwnjc wlg{jq ì~ al gittlk i{12 tlq glc{ jc tiq n{m {mi{ nc {ml ncw|qicgl wlg{jq |cklq {ml olclqif qlo|fi{njcw bqi`lk |cklq {mlBjqlnoc L}gmicol @iciol`lc{ Ig{ -BL@I.& 9>>># Cj l}tqlww tqjrnwnjc miw allc ìkl nc {ml TBQKIAnff& 1499# ‖[mnw nw nc fncl n{m `jw{ flonwfi{njcw nc {ml bncicgnif wlg{jq‐& {ml Kltiq{`lc{ jb BncicgnifWlqrnglw mik wink nc n{w qn{{lc qltf~# îwmic{ Wncmi {jfk [ml Ncknic L}tqlww {jki~ {mi{ {ml AHT ‖nffmirl {j wn{ kjc ick {iel i rnl‐ -jc w|ttjq{nco {ml anff.# ‖AHT„w w|ttjq{ giccj{ al {ielc bjq oqic{lk#‐-Ncknic L}tqlww 9?*99*99.

Gj|q{w w{q|oofl {j knwtjwl jb TGTCK[ giwlw -9>.T|cl8 [ml h|kngniq~ nw bignco {ml gmifflcol jb gfliqnco >1 tlcknco giwlw jb wl} kl{lq`nci{njc nc jrlq 2<gj|q{w igqjww {ml w{i{l a~ Klglàlq 1499# Nc H|cl& 1499& {ml Ajài~ mnom gj|q{ -MG. mik knqlg{lk {ml

fjlq gj|q{w nc {ml w{i{l {j gfliq {ml giwlw qlonw{lqlk |cklq {ml TqlGjcglt{njc " TqlCi{if Kniocjw{ng[lgmcny|l -TGTCK[. Ig{& 9>>;& a~ Klglàlq 1499# Nc H|cl 1499& mnfl mliqnco i tl{n{njc bnflk a~ KqW|miwncn Eiqicheiq ioincw{ {ml Ejfmit|q @|cngntif Gjqtjqi{njc -E@G. bjq wlnxnco mlq wjcjoqitm~ìgmncl& {ml MG mik wink {mi{ iff {ml giwlw qlonw{lqlk |cklq {ml TGTCK[ Ig{ nc 1494 jq tqnjq {j {mi{ al{qnlk ick gfliqlk a~ {ml ìonw{qi{l gj|q{w a~ Klglàlq 79& 1499# _mnfl {ml klikfncl nw ittqjigmnco&{mlql nw cj{ `|gm tqjoqlww jc {mnw bqjc{# Nc i qlglc{ giwl gfliqlk a~ i Wi{iqi gj|q{ jc Cjrlàlq 9;& KqIàikiw Eiki` iw iiqklk {ml mnomlw{ t|cnwm`lc{ lrlq bjq gjck|g{nco wl} kl{lq`nci{njc {lw{# [mlkjg{jq& mj nw bqj` T|wloijc& 72 e` bqj` Wi{iqi& iw wlc{lcglk {j {mqll ~liqw jb qnojqj|wn`tqnwjc`lc{ ick i bncl jb Qw9#< fiem# [ml mliqnco bjq {ml giwl {jje if`jw{ wn} ~liqw# Eiki` iwgi|om{ giqq~nco j|{ {ml wl}kl{lq`nci{njc {lw{ k|qnco i w{nco jtlqi{njc jc Hic|iq~ 14& 144<# N{ nw jcl jbbj|q giwlw nc {ml w{i{l mlql {ml igg|wlk lql gjcrng{lk# Iwwnw{ic{ knqlg{jq bjq mlif{m -bi`nf~ lfbiql.&Iwiqi` Emikl& wink& ‖[nff Klglàlq 1494& 97> giwlw mik allc bnflk nc {ml w{i{l |cklq {ml Ig{# J|{ jb{mlwl& ;? giwlw mirl allc gfliqlk#‐ [ml qlìncnco >1 iql tlcknco nc {ml gj|q{w# [ml giwlw mirl allc

qlonw{lqlk bjq jbblcglw fnel gjck|g{nco wl}wlflg{nrl iajq{njc& wl}kl{lq`nci{njc {lw{w& knwgfjwnco {ml wl}jb {ml bjl{|w& elltnco ncgj`tfl{l qlgjqkw ick cj{ knwtfi~nco ajiqkw ioincw{ wl}kl{lq`nci{njc {lw{w i{gfncngw# [ml MG mik qlìqelk {mi{ n{ iw knw{qlwwlk a~ {ml big{ {mi{ wj`l giwlw lql tlcknco albjqlriqnj|w ìonw{qi{lw nc {ml w{i{l bjq iw fjco iw lnom{ ~liqw# W{i{nco {ml qliwjcw bjq {ml klfi~& Wi{iqiaiwlk wjgnif ig{nrnw{ Riqwmi Klwmtickl& mj miw gjck|g{lk wlrlqif w{nco jtlqi{njcw& wink {mi{ nc `jw{ jb{ml giwlw {ml kjg{jqw ol{ ainf ick lrlc {ml wlnxlk wjcjoqitm~ ìgmnclw iql ql{|qclk {j {ml`# Wj& {mligg|wlk ol{ aige {j a|wnclww lrlc mnfl {ml giwlw iql ojnco jc# ‖T|afng tqjwlg|{jqw mirl {j al {qinclk{j t|{ |t i w{qjco giwl ioincw{ rnjfi{njc jb {ml Ig{# [ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc miw {j al w{qng{# [mj|om@imiqiwm{qi iw {ml bnqw{ {j n`tfl`lc{ i fi ioincw{ wl}kl{lq`nci{njc& l iql {ml jclw fioonco ncknwtjwnco jb {ml giwlw&‐ wml wink# Bqj` i`jco {ml ;? giwlw& mngm lql gfliqlk& {ml igg|wlk lql



gjcrng{lk nc jcf~ bj|q giwlw#I bncl iw n`tjwlk nc 9; giwlw& mnfl {ml ojrlqc`lc{ fjw{ `jql {mic 74giwlw iff {mnw wncgl {ml nc{qjk|g{njc jb {ml Ig{ nc 9>>; {nff Klglàlq 1494# -KCI 9=*99*99.

Anff jb l}tlg{i{njcw nc nc{lq wlwwnjc -9>.@|àin8 Fjetif Anff& 14998 [ml anff in`w {j wl{ |t ic ic{noqib{ jà|kwìc {j ncy|nql nc{j iffloi{njcw jbgjqq|t{njc ioincw{ t|afng b|cg{njciqnlw# Icci Mixiql& mj miw ojcl jc biw{ {ngl {mnw ~liq bjq i w{qjcoFjetif anff& miw {mqli{lclk {j qlw|`l mnw tqj{lw{ nb {ml anff nw cj{ tiwwlk nc {ml nc{lq wlwwnjc H|kngnifW{ickiqkw ick Iggj|c{ianfn{~ Anff& 1494# [ml anff in`w {j fi~ kjc h|kngnif w{ickiqkw ick lw{iafnwm i`lgmicnw` bjq klifnco n{m gj`tfinc{w jb `nwalmirnj|q jq ncgitign{~ jb i h|kol jb {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jqi mnom gj|q{# N{ ifwj in`w {j ìel tqjrnwnjcw bjq klgfiqi{njc jb iwwl{w ick fnianfn{nlw a~ {ml h|kolw8 WllkwAnff& 144;# [ml anff in`w {j tqjrnkl bjq qlo|fi{nco {ml y|ifn{~ jb wllkw bjq wifl& n`tjq{ ick l}tjq{ ick {jbignfn{i{l tqjk|g{njc ick w|ttf~ jb wllkw jb y|ifn{~# [ml anff biglw jttjwn{njc bqj` {ml Flb{ tiq{nlw& {mlWiìhikn Tiq{~ ick {ml [lf|o| Klwi` Tiq{~ alwnklw biq`lqw„ fjaanlw mj ifflol n{ birj|qw @CGwncrjfrlk nc {ml ìqel{nco jb wllkw# Tlcwnjc B|ck Qlo|fi{jq~ ick Klrlfjt`lc{ I|{mjqn{~ Anff& 1499# [mlanff in`w {j lw{iafnwm i w{i{|{jq~ Tlcwnjc B|ck Qlo|fi{jq~ ick Klrlfjt`lc{ I|{mjqn{~ -TBQKI. {jtqj`j{l jfk iol ncgj`l wlg|qn{~ a~ lw{iafnwmnco& klrlfjtnco ick qlo|fi{nco tlcwnjc b|ckw ick {j tqj{lg{{ml nc{lqlw{w jb w|awgqnalqw {j wgml`lw jb tlcwnjc b|ckw# [ml |cnjc giancl{ qlglc{f~ iffjlk 12, BKN nctlcwnjc b|ck# [ml Gjcw{n{|{njc -94={m I`lck`lc{. Anff& 1494& iw tiwwlk a~ Qih~i Wiami# [ml anff&wllenco 77, qlwlqri{njc bjq j`lc nc tiqfni`lc{ ick w{i{l flonwfi{nrl ajknlw& iw tiwwlk nc {ml Qih~iWiami fiw{ ~liq i`nk mnom kqiì {mi{ wi w|wtlcwnjc jb wlrlc `làlqw mj rnjflc{f~ knwq|t{lk {ml

mj|wl tqjgllkncow# Mjlrlq& n{ iw cj{ tiwwlk a~ {ml Fje Wiami k|l {j jttjwn{njc bqj` {ml îkir {qnj ‛ WT gmnlb @|fi~i` Wncom îkir& Qiwm{qn~i Hici{i Kif gmnlb Fif| Tqiwik -îkir. ick Hici{i Kif-\.gmnlb Wmiqik îkir& mj wlle y|j{i bjq Kifn{& aigeiqk giw{l ick `ncjqn{~ gj``|cn{~ j`lc n{mnc n{-KCI 19*99*99.

/Gic/{ bjqgl w{ibb {j jqe |cklq cl ò`{/ -9>.Cl Klfmn8 L`tfj~llw giccj{ al gj`tlfflk {j jqe |cklq i cl ìciol`lc{ ick iql lc{n{flk {jql{nql`lc{ jq ql{qlcgm`lc{ alclbn{w& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ miw mlfk# [ml itl} gj|q{ qlhlg{lk {ml iqo|`lc{jb Tmnfnt/w Nckni F{k {mi{ wncgl {ml l`tfj~llw mik cln{mlq ql{nqlk cjq ql{qlcgmlk& mlcgl {ml~ lql cj{lc{n{flk {j {ml alclbn{w# !N{ nw wl{{flk fi {mi{ n{mj|{ gjcwlc{& jqe`lc giccj{ al bjqglk {j jqe |cklqknbblqlc{ ìciol`lc{ ick nc {mi{ lrlc{& {mjwl jqe`lc iql lc{n{flk {j ql{nql`lc{*ql{qlcgm`lc{gj`tlcwi{njc nc {lq`w jb {ml Ig{# !Nc rnl jb {ml wi`l& l iql jb {ml rnl {mi{ {ml jqe`lc iql lc{n{flk{j {ml alclbn{ jb w|gm knqlg{njc ick n{ nw {ml jafnoi{njc jc {ml tiq{ jb {ml ìciol`lc{ Tmnfnt/w Nckni F{k#&

{j gj`tf~ n{m {ml wi`l&! {ml itl} gj|q{ wink# I alcgm jb h|w{nglw T Wi{miwnri` ick H Gmlfi`liqtiwwlk {ml h|kol`lc{ |tmjfknco {ml ittlif bnflk a~ iooqnlrlk jqelqw jb lqw{mnfl Tmnfnt/w Nckni F{kmngm mik wjfk n{w gjcw|`lq lflg{qjcngw big{jq~ i{ Wif{ Fiel& Ejfei{i {j En{gmlc Ittfnicglw Nckni F{k# [mliooqnlrlk jqelqw lql cj{ ellc jc gjc{nc|nco n{m {ml gj`tic~ ick ncw{lik wj|om{ RQW bqj` clìciol`lc{ mngm iw {|qclk kjc a~ {ml gj`tic~ jc {ml oqj|ck {mi{ {ml liqfnlq wgml`l mik fitwlknc 9>>?# [ml Gifg|{{i Mnom Gj|q{ mnfl |tmjfknco {qicwblq jb {ml jclqwmnt mjlrlq& jc Jg{jalq 94&1449& knqlg{lk {ml ìciol`lc{ {j ti~ ql{nql`lc{& ql{qlcgm`lc{ alclbn{w {j {ml jqelqw mj lql cj{ellc {j gjc{nc|l n{m {mlnq iwwjgni{njc nc {ml gj`tic~# Iw {ml ìciol`lc{ binflk {j gj`tf~ n{m {mlknqlg{njc& {ml jqelqw ittliflk nc {ml itl} gj|q{# -Bncicgnif L}tqlww 1<*99*99.

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-bjq gjcwnklqi{njc ick tiwwiol. nc {ml jcojnco _nc{lq Wlwwnjc&! i Gjqtjqi{l Ibbinqw @ncnw{q~ jbbngnif winkib{lq {ml Giancl{ `ll{nco# [ml Anff& mngm miw ifqlik~ allc rl{{lk a~ {ml Tiqfni`lc{iq~ W{ickncoGj``n{{ll jb Bncicgl ick ifwj a~ knbblqlc{ `ncnw{qnlw& wllew {j |tki{l {ml gj`tic~ fi nc fncl n{m {mlalw{ ofjaif tqig{nglw# [ml Anff miw nc{qjk|glk nkliw fnel Gjqtjqi{l Wjgnif Qlwtjcwnanfn{~ -GWQ.& gfiwwig{njc w|n{w ick i bn}lk {lq` bjq nckltlcklc{ knqlg{jqw# I`jco j{mlq {mncow& n{ ifwj tqjtjwlw {j {nom{lcfiw bjq qinwnco `jcl~ bqj` {ml t|afng# [ml Anff ifwj wllew {j tqjmnan{ ic~ ncwnklq {qiknco a~ gj`tic~knqlg{jqw jq el~ ìciolqnif tlqwjcclf a~ {qli{nco w|gm ig{nrn{nlw iw i gqn`ncif jbblcgl# B|q{mlq& n{ miwtqjtjwlk {mi{ gj`ticnlw wmj|fk liqìqe 1 tlq glc{ jb {ml irlqiol tqjbn{ jb {ml tqlglknco {mqll ~liqw bjqGWQ ig{nrn{nlw ick ìel i knwgfjw|ql {j wmiqlmjfklqw iaj|{ {ml tjfng~ ikjt{lk nc {ml tqjglww# [ml Anff&mngm iw jqnonciff~ nc{qjk|glk nc Fje Wiami nc 144=& fitwlk algi|wl jb gmicol jb ojrlqc`lc{# N{ iw



qlnc{qjk|glk nc I|o|w{ 144># Giancl{ ittqjrif jc {ml Gj`ticnlw Anff& 144>& iw tlcknco iw {ml Bncicgl@ncnw{q~ ick @GI binflk {j qligm i gj``jc oqj|ck jc tjlqw {j al klfloi{lk {j {ml Wlg|qn{nlw ickL}gmicolw Ajiqk jb Nckni -Wlan. nc giwl jb qlo|fi{jq~ jrlqfitw# Bncicgl @ncnw{lq Tqicia @|emlqhll&Tficcnco Gj``nwwnjc Klt|{~ Gminqìc @jc{le Wncom Imf|ifni ick Gjqtjqi{l Ibbinqw @ncnw{lqRllqitti @jnf~ lql iwelk {j knwg|ww ick nqjc j|{ nww|lw# [ml `ncnw{lqw mirl gj`l {j i gjcwlcw|w jc{ml nww|l& wj|qglw nc {ml ecj wink# Iggjqknco {j {ml`& {ml Bncicgl @ncnw{q~ ick Wlan mirl wj|om{ qlrnljb {ml tqjrnwnjcw mngm gjcbfng{lk n{m {ml Wlan Ig{# Ittiqlc{f~& n{ miw allc klgnklk {mi{ Wlan/w rnl nffal |tmlfk nc giwlw mlql h|qnwkng{njcw gjcbfng{# -[ml Bncicgnif L}tqlww 1<*99*99.

Cj gmicolw nc Q[N& klìck Ig{nrnw{w -9>.@|àin8 Bnrl ki~w ib{lq qn{nco {j Wlci jqenco tqlwnklc{ \kkmir [migelqi~& Q[N ig{nrnw{w klcj|cglk{ml tqnri{l `làlq anff nc{qjk|glk a~ i Wlci @T {j ìel i`lck`lc{w {j {ml Q[N Ig{# [ml~ ifwj tflkolk{j ncn{ni{l i ìww gi`tinoc ioincw{ ic~ i`lck`lc{ {mi{ j|fk knf|{l {ml Q[N Ig{ i{ i t|afng `ll{nco# Jc@jcki~& ig{nrnw{w qj{l {j Wlci tqlwnklc{ ick lìnflk mnw wjc Ikn{~i& iwenco aj{m {j lcw|ql {mi{ {mlnqtiq{~ @T& Ami|wimla _iegmi|ql& n{mkqiw {ml anff ml tqlwlc{lk nc Fje Wiami nc I|o|w{# [ml anff w{i{lk{mi{ ic~ ittfngic{ wllenco ncbjqì{njc j|fk mirl {j tqjrnkl qliwjc bjq {ml wi`l# N{ ifwj wink {mi{ n{j|fk al {ml tqlqjoi{nrl jb {ml t|afng ncbjqì{njc jbbnglq -TNJ. {j klgnkl ml{mlq {ml ncbjqì{njc wmj|fkal onrlc& jc {ml aiwnw jb {ml qliwjc tqjrnklk# ‖_l mik onrlc i fl{{lq {j \kkmir [migelqi~ ick mnw wjcIkn{~i# A|{ l iql ~l{ {j mliq bqj` {ml`# [ml i`lck`lc{ wj|om{ a~ {mlnq @T nw |cgifflk bjq& ick ì~w{iq{ i {qlck mlql j{mlq tiq{~ `làlqw nc{qjk|gl ncknrnk|if anffw&‐ wink Amiweiq Tqiam| jb {ml @imn{n

Ikmneiq @icgm#‖[mlql gj|fk al wj`l |cklqw{icknco al{llc Wlci ick j{mlq tjfn{ngif tiq{nlw {j knf|{l{ml Q[N Ig{ iw {ml~ bllf {mqli{lclk a~ {ml ìc~ {mncow gj`nco j|{ jb {mlnq gfjwl{ cj&‐ ikklk Tqiam|#\kkmir„w TQJ& Miqwmif Tqikmic& wink {ml fliklq iw ~l{ {j wll {ml fl{{lq& mnfl Ikn{~i [migelqi~ knk cj{qlwtjck# A|{& i Wlci fliklq gfjwl {j \kkmir wink& ‖[ml anff iw nc{qjk|glk i{ i tlqwjcif flrlf# [ml tiq{~miw cj{mnco {j kj n{m n{# [ml tiq{~ miw iwelk mn` {j n{mkqi n{ ick iw biq iw l ecj& {ml anff iwn{mkqic jc Bqnki~#‐ -KCI 1?*99*99.

_jìc gic/{ al t|cnwmlk bjq ik|f{lq~8 W|tql`l Gj|q{ -94.Cl Klfmn 8 [ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ {jki~ wink i jìc nc ic nffngn{ qlfi{njcwmnt giccj{ al t|cnwmlk bjqik|f{lq~ klwtn{l alnco ic ial{{jq nc {ml gqn`l {mj|om {ml ìc nw fniafl bjq t|cnwm`lc{# I alcgm jb H|w{nglIf{iìw Eianq ick H|w{ngl Q@ Fjkmi y|iwmlk {ml giwl jb ik|f{lq~ qlonw{lqlk ioincw{ Eif~icn a~ icj{mlqjìc Winfihi mj ifflolk {mi{ mlq m|waick iw nc i nffngn{ qlfi{njcwmnt n{m {ml bjq`lq# [mj|om Eif~icnmik gmifflcolk {ml qlonw{qi{njc jb giwl ioincw{ mlq a~ tjfngl |cklq wlg{njcw ;>? -ik|f{lq~. ick 7;9

-qjcob|f qlw{qinc{.& {ml Ickmqi Tqiklwm Mnom Gj|q{ knw`nwwlk mlq tfli& bjffjnco mngm wml ittliflk nc{ml itl} gj|q{# Nc{lqtql{nco Wlg{njc ;>?& {ml itl} gj|q{ wink& !_mjlrlq miw wl}|if nc{lqgj|qwl n{m itlqwjc mj nw ick mj` ml ecjw jq miw qliwjc {j alfnlrl {j al {ml nbl jb icj{mlq ìc& n{mj|{ {mlgjcwlc{ jq gjccnricgl jb {mi{ ìc& w|gm wl}|if nc{lqgj|qwl cj{ i`j|c{nco {j {ml jbblcgl jb qitl& nw o|nf{~jb {ml jbblcgl jb ik|f{lq~& ick wmiff al t|cnwmlk n{m n`tqnwjc`lc{ jb ln{mlq klwgqnt{njc bjq i {lq` mngmì~ l}{lck {j bnrl ~liqw& jq n{m bncl& jq n{m aj{m# !Nc w|gm giwl {ml nbl wmiff cj{ al t|cnwmiafl iw icial{{jq#! [ml gj|q{ wink {ml tqjrnwnjc nw g|qqlc{f~ |cklq gqn{ngnw` bqj` glq{inc y|iq{lqw bjq wmjnco iw{qjco olcklq aniw# !N{ ìelw {ml tjwn{njc jb i ìqqnlk jìc if`jw{ iw i tqjtlq{~ jb mlq m|waick# A|{nc {lq`w jb {ml fi iw n{ w{ickw& n{ nw lrnklc{ bqj` i tfinc qliknco jb {ml wlg{njc {mi{ jcf~ i ìc gic altqjgllklk ioincw{ ick t|cnwmlk bjq {ml jbblcgl jb ik|f{lq~&! n{ wink# -KCI 1*91*99.

Bqll Tienw{icn tqnwjclqw& wi~w W|tql`l Gj|q{ -9>.CL_ KLFMN8 Mjfknco {mi{ fnalq{~ jb i tlqwjc wmj|fk al {ielc wlqnj|wf~& {ml W|tql`l Gj|q{ jc Bqnki~

knqlg{lk {ml glc{qif ojrlqc`lc{ {j n``lkni{lf~ qlfliwl Tienw{icn tqnwjclqw fico|nwmnco nc Ncknic hinfwn{mj|{ h|w{nbngi{njc# [ienco cj{l jb {ml !|cqliwjciaf~ fjco kl{lc{njc n{mj|{ h|w{nbngi{njc!& {ml itl} gj|q{alcgm jb H|w{ngl Q@ Fjkmi ick H|w{ngl MF Ojemifl knqlg{lk {ml ojrlqc`lc{ {mi{ {ml !kltjq{i{njc jqklq`|w{ al tiwwlk nc {mlnq qlwtlg{!# !Fnalq{~ wmj|fk al {ielc wlqnj|wf~&! {ml gj|q{ wink& ikknco {mi{ !~j|-ojrlqc`lc{. wmj|fk kqi i wgmlk|fl bjq {ml qlfliwl jb w|gm tqnwjclqw!# [ml gj|q{ jawlqri{njc gi`l jci tl{n{njc jb Hi``| ick Eiwm`nq Ci{njcif Tic{mlqw Tiq{~ gmnlb Amn` Wncom bjq qlfliwl jb Tienw{icntqnwjclqw fico|nwmnco nc Ncknic hinfw bjq fjco tlqnjkw n{mj|{ {qnif jq lrlc ib{lq {ml l}tnq~ jb {mlnq tqnwjc{lq`# ![mlwl iql ì{{lqw jb m|ìc qnom{w# _l gic/{ oj a~ {lgmcngifn{nlw&! H|w{ngl Fjkmi wink mlcikkn{njcif wjfngn{jq olclqif -IWO. Tiqio [qnti{mn wj|om{ {j qinwl jahlg{njc jc {ml w|a`nwwnjcw ìkl a~Amn` Wncom# [qnti{mn {jfk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ {j jb {ml bj|q j`lc& mj Amn` Wncom mik ifflolk lql



fico|nwmnco nc hinfw n{mj|{ {qnif& lql gjcrng{lk |cklq {ml Ciqgj{ng Kq|ow ick Tw~gmj{qjtng W|aw{icglwIg{& 9>=<& ick lql wlqrnco 94~liq n`tqnwjc`lc{ nc I`qn{wiq hinf# Aj{m {ml j`lc tqnwjclqw j|fk alqlfliwlk @i~ 94& 1492# [ml gj|q{ iw {jfk {mi{ {ml {mnqk j`lc {jj iw bignco tqjwlg|{njc |cklq wlrlqifgmiqolw a|{ iw j|{ jc ainf# Jc bj|qickmifb ~liqw jfk Aia~ Mllci& [qnti{mn {jfk {ml gj|q{ {mi{ wml gj|fkw{i~ n{m mlq n`tqnwjclk `j{mlq |t {j {ml iol jb wn} ~liqw |cklq {ml hinf q|flw# Mjfknco {mi{ n{ gj|fk cj{tiww ic~ klbncn{l jqklq |cflww n{ mik bnq` gj``n{`lc{ bqj` Aia~ Mllci/w `j{mlq& {ml gj|q{ ittqjrlk {mlmj`l `ncnw{q~/w ikrnwjq~ {j {ml T|chia ojrlqc`lc{ {j tqlwlc{ {ml gmnfk albjql {ml gmnfk lfbiqlgj``n{{ll wl{ |t |cklq {ml H|rlcnfl H|w{ngl Ig{# ![ml gmnfk nw tqlgnj|w ick mlq lfbiql nw tiqi`j|c{ ickcjccloj{niafl&! {ml gj|q{ wink# [ml gj|q{ wink {mi{ Aia~ Mllci iw nccjglc{ ick iw w{i~nco n{m mlq`j{mlq jnco {j tlg|fniq gnqg|`w{icglw# !_l mirl {j al rlq~ w{qng{# ^j| wi~ wj`l{mnco jbb{mlg|bb ickl {iel n{ wlqnj|wf~# N{ nw cj{ binq jc j|q tiq{ {j giff |tjc {ml ojrlqc`lc{ {j qlwtjck {j {ml big{w {mi{ iqllc{nqlf~ knbblqlc{&! {ml gj|q{ {jfk Amn` Wncom# !Cjajk~ knwt|{lw ~j|q liqclw{clww ick klkngi{njc&! {mlgj|q{ {jfk Amn` Wncom& wi~nco {mi{ !`jw{ jb {ml {n`l ~j|q big{w iql cj{ rlqnbnlk# ^j| ìel i w{i{l`lc{igqjww {ml aiq ick iwe bjq gj|q{ jqklq!# [n`lw jb Nckni 1*91*99.

Gmly|lw {j al rifnk bjq 7 `jc{mw -9>.@|àin& Klg# 18 Bqj` Itqnf 9 cl}{ ~liq& aicew nff jcf~ mjcj|q gmly|lw {mi{ iql tqlwlc{lk bjqlcgiwm`lc{ n{mnc {mqll `jc{mw bqj` {ml ki{l ncwgqnalk jc {ml`# [ml QAN miw klgnklk {j wfiwm {mlrifnkn{~ tlqnjk bjq gmly|lw bqj` wn} {j {mqll `jc{mw ib{lq qlglnrnco qltjq{w {mi{ wj`l |cwgq|t|fj|w tljtfllql gnqg|fi{nco {ml gmly|lw iw giwm bjq gfjwl {j wn} `jc{mw& {mlqla~ gqli{nco i {qikliafl ncw{q|`lc{

mngm iw clrlq nc{lcklk |cklq {ml QAN q|flw# [ml cl q|fl nff ittf~ igqjww gj``lqgnif ickgjjtlqi{nrl aicew# [ml glc{qif aice {jki~ knqlg{lk tqnìq~ |qaic gjjtlqi{nrl aicew cj{ {j ìelti~`lc{w jc gmly|lw ick j{mlq bncicgnif ncw{q|`lc{w {mi{ iql jrlq {mqll `jc{mw jfk& n{m lbblg{ bqjÌtqnf cl}{ ~liq# Liqfnlq fiw{ `jc{m& n{ mik onrlc i wn`nfiq knqlg{njc {j {ml mlikw jb gj``lqgnif aicew ickfi{lq {j w{i{l ick glc{qif gjjtlqi{nrl aicew ick qlonjcif q|qif aicew# Aicenco gnqgflw wink {ml `jrlgj|fk flik {j wj`l tqig{ngif tqjafl`w bjq ncknrnk|ifw& tiq{ng|fiqf~ nb {ml~ lql cj{ iiql jb {ml cl q|fl{mi{ j|fk gj`l nc{j lbblg{ cl}{ ~liq# ‖Tljtfl wmj|fk cj{ jcf~ tqlwlc{ {mlnq gmly|l nc {n`l& a|{ ifwjlcw|ql {mi{ nb {ml~ iql qlglnrnco i gmly|l bqj` i gj`tic~ bjq i wlqrngl qlcklqlk& {ml ki{l wmj|fk algmlgelk&‐ i aicelq wink# -[lfloqitm 7*91*99.

W{icknco ticlf wn{{nco jc el~ bncicgnif Anffwc -9>.Cl Klfmn8 [ml tiqfni`lc{iq~ w{icknco gj``n{{ll jc bncicgl miw ikklk {j {ml jlw jb {ml \TIojrlqc`lc{# [ml gj``n{{ll mliklk a~ wlcnjq AHT fliklq ick bjq`lq bncicgl `ncnw{lq îwmic{ Wncmi

miw klfi~lk qltjq{w jc ìc~ bncicgnif wlg{jq Anffw gjcwnklqlk el~ {j wlgjckolclqi{njc qlbjq`w# [mlklfi~ miw wfjlk tiwwnco jb Anffw qlfi{nco {j knqlg{ " ncknqlg{ {i}lw& aicenco ick ncw|qicgl i`jco j{mlqw#Gq|gnif i`lck`lc{w gic al `jrlk a~ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ nc Tiqfni`lc{ jcf~ ib{lq {ml qltjq{ nw irinfiafl#W{icknco gj``n{{llw iql onrlc |t {j {mqll `jc{mw {j w|a`n{ qlgj``lcki{njcw5 a|{ nc wj`l giwlw& n{ nwl}{lcklk a~ i bncn{l tlqnjk# [ml w{icknco gj``n{{ll jc bncicgl& mjlrlq& miw wi{ jc ìc~ Anffw bjq `|gmfjcolq# N{ nw ~l{ {j w|a`n{ n{w qltjq{ jc {ml Knqlg{ [i}lw Gjkl Anff& 1494& {mj|om n{ iw qlblqqlk {j n{ ncWlt{làlq 1494# Qltjq{ jc {ml Anff& mngm iw tqjtjwlk {j jrlqmi|f {ml knqlg{ {i} w~w{l` nc {ml gj|c{q~a~ qltfignco {ml iqgming Ncgj`l [i} Ig{& iw k|l nc Klglàlq 1494# [ml ojrlqc`lc{ ic{lk {jn`tfl`lc{ knqlg{ {i} qlbjq`w bqj` Itqnf& 1491# Mjlrlq& n{m {ml qltjq{ |cfnelf~ {j al w|a`n{{lk nc {mljcojnco nc{lq wlwwnjc& K[G nw fnelf~ {j `nww {ml ki{l# ‖[ml ojrlqc`lc{ giccj{ mirl jcl wl{ jb i{{n{|klwbjq {ml t|afng iggj|c{w gj``n{{ll -mlql Gjcoqlww `làlqw ick {ml gj``n{{ll gmnlb @|qfn @icjmiqHjwmn gfiwmlk bqly|lc{f~.& ick l}tlg{ gjjtlqi{njc nc {ml w{icknco gj``n{{ll jc bncicgl&‐ Wncmi wink#Bncicgl `ncnw{lq Tqicia @|emlqhll jc Bqnki~ |qolk tiqfni`lc{ `làlqw {j fl{ {ml Mj|wl b|cg{njc

w`jj{mf~# [ml nc{lq wlwwnjc miw allc w{ifflk jrlq {ml ojrlqc`lc{/w tqjtjwif {j tlq`n{ BKN nc `|f{naqick ql{inf# ‖N i` tqig{ngiff~ aloonco if`jw{ lrlq~ajk~ {mi{ tiqfni`lc{ nw lwwlc{niff~ `lic{ bjq flonwfi{ncoick wmj|fk al iffjlk {j b|cg{njc# \cflww tiqfni`lc{ b|cg{njcw& n{ algj`lw rlq~ knbbng|f{ -{j tiww anffw.&‐@|emlqhll wink# Nc {ml a|kol{ wlwwnjc& @|emlqhll mik nc{qjk|glk {ml gjcw{n{|{njcif i`lck`lc{ anff {jbignfn{i{l nc{qjk|g{njc jb ojjkw ick wlqrnglw {i} -OW[.# OW[ nw i gqn{ngif qlbjq` {mi{ in`w {j w|aw|`l {mltfl{mjqi jb ncknqlg{ {i}lw w|gm iw glc{qif l}gnwl& wlqrngl {i} ick w{i{lw/ RI[ ick fjgif flrnlw# I`lcknco{ml Gjcw{n{|{njc nw clglwwiq~ wncgl {ml Glc{ql giccj{ n`tjwl l}gnwl k|{~ al~jck {ml ìc|big{|qncow{iol ick {ml w{i{lw giccj{ flr~ i {i} jc wlqrnglw# Mjlrlq& n{ miw allc iqj|ck > `jc{mw a|{ {mlgj``n{{ll nw ~l{ {j w{iq{ gjcgql{l jqe jc {mnw n`tjq{ic{ flonwfi{njc# Wn`nfiqf~& {ml qltjq{ jc {ml Ncw|qicglFiw -I`lck`lc{. Anff miw allc ncklbncn{lf~ klblqqlk& iw {mlql nw cj gjcwlcw|w ~l{ jc {ml tqjtjwif {j



mnel BKN git bqj` 12, {j ;>,# [ml gj``n{{ll/w qltjq{ nw ifwj tlcknco jc {ml Aicenco Fiw-I`lck`lc{. Anff& 1499& mngm wllew {j ifnoc rj{nco qnom{w jb wmiqlmjfklqw nc aicew nc tqjtjq{njc n{m{mlnq ly|n{~ mjfknco# [ml Alci`n [qicwig{njcw -Tqjmnan{njc. Anff ick {ml Ciqgj{ng Kq|ow ick Tw~gmj{qjtngW|aw{icglw -I`lck`lc{. Anff iql f~nco n{m {ml w{icknco gj``n{{ll# >Bncicgnif L}tqlww <*91*99.

Lrlc gjqq|t{ jbbnglqw gic {iel ojjk klgnwnjcw8 Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ -9>.@|àin8 ‖N{„w cj{ clglwwiq~ {mi{ lrlq~ klgnwnjc a~ i gjqq|t{ t|afng jbbnglq nw aik# Gjqq|t{ jbbnglqw ì~mirl {ielc ojjk klgnwnjcw {jj&‐ jawlqrlk {ml Ajài~ Mnom Gj|q{ jc @jcki~ mnfl mliqnco i t|afngnc{lqlw{ fn{noi{njc {mi{ wj|om{ i qlrnl jb iff jqklqw tiwwlk a~ gjqq|t{ t|afng jbbnglqw# I knrnwnjc alcgm jbH|w{ngl WI Ajaikl ick H|w{ngl RE [imnfqiìcn qlb|wlk {j tiww ic~ jqklq nc {ml TNF bnflk a~ CJIiqiàm& wllenco {mi{ ic nckltlcklc{ ìgmnclq~ wmj|fk al wl{ |t {j qlrnl iff klgnwnjcw {ielc a~ t|afngwlqric{w mj lql ln{mlq igg|wlk nc gjqq|t{njc giwlw jq mlfk o|nf{~ |cklq {ml Tqlrlc{njc jb Gjqq|t{njcIg{# [ml COJ mik wj|om{ {mi{ {ml \cnjc iw lff iw {ml @imiqiwm{qi ojrlqc`lc{ wmj|fk al knqlg{lk {jwl{ |t w|gm ìgmnclq~ {j qlrnl {ml jqklqw# Qlb|wnco {j tiww ic~ jqklq& h|w{ngl Ajaikl qlìqelk8 ‖N{ nwcj{ clglwwiq~ {mi{ lrlq~ klgnwnjc nw aik ick gjqq|t{ jbbnglqw ì~ mirl {ielc wj`l ojjk klgnwnjcw ifwj#_l giccj{ wi~ lrlq~ klgnwnjc nw qjco ick aik nc fi# Ligm giwl cllkw {j al qlrnllk ncknrnk|iff~ {jwll nb {mlql nw ic~ miq` {j t|afng nc{lqlw{ jq fjww {j {ml l}gmly|lq#‐ [ml gj|q{ miw iwelk {ml COJ {jìel i qltqlwlc{i{njc albjql {ml @imiqiwm{qi ojrlqc`lc{ tjnc{nco t|{ kl{infw jb ic~ wtlgnbng klgnwnjc{ielc a~ i gjqq|t{ t|afng wlqric{ mngm miw gi|wlk fjww {j {ml ojrlqc`lc{# Nc n{w TNF& {ml COJ gn{lkl}i`tflw jb {ml Gj``jc _lif{m Oi`lw -G_O. wgi` ick {ml `|f{ngqjql engeaigew bjq fjicw wgi` nc

mngm wlrlqif jbbngnifw jb t|afng wlg{jq aicew lql iqqlw{lk a~ GAN bjq gjqq|t{njc# -KCI 2*91*99.

”Qlbjqì{njc j|fk qlk|gl tqlww|ql jc gjtw„ -9>.CIOT\Q8 Wlcnjq h|kol jb @|àin mnom gj|q{& H|w{ngl WI Ajakl wink {mi{ {ml tqjglww jb qlbjqì{njc ì~cj{ al liw~ a|{ nw w{nff qlflric{ {j lcw|ql flww tqlww|ql jc gjtw ick h|kngniq~# Ajakl iw wtlienco i{ {mljclki~ jqewmjt jc /Tqjai{njc jb Jbblcklqw Ig{ ick Tqjai{njc W~w{l`/ i{ {ml H|kolw/ gjcblqlcgl miff i{C~i~ @icknq jc W|cki~# ![ml jcf~ ql`lk~ {j g|qa gqn`l nw {j tqlrlc{ n{# [ml tqjglww jb qlbjq`nco i bnqw{{n`lq nw {mqj|om lbblg{nrl n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb /Tqjai{njc jb Jbblcklq Ig{/&! ml wink# [ml tqjrnwnjc jb {ml Ig{ìelw n{ clglwwiq~ bjq {ml gj|q{ {j gjcwnklq {ml gnqg|`w{icglw ick ci{|ql jb {ml jbblcgl ifjco n{mjbblcklq/w gmiqig{lq# N{ j|fk al al{{lq nb i tlqwjc nw qlfliwlk jc i ajck jb ojjk almirnj|q ncw{lik jbwlc{lcgnco mn`# Ajakl wink {mi{ {ml jahlg{ nw {j tfigl {ml jbblcklq |cklq {ml w|tlqrnwnjc jb i Tqjai{njcJbbnglq# ![ml {iwe cllkw l}tlq{nwl {mic hinf ìc|ifw# N{ j|fk qlk|gl {ml tqlww|ql jc tjfngl ick h|kngnif&!ml ikklk# ![mlql iql tljtfl mj iql o|nf{~ jb gj``n{{nco gqn`l a|{ knk cj{ |cklqw{ick mi{ {ml~ lql

kjnco # [mlwl tljtfl ì~ al iafl {j gjqqlg{ {ml`wlfrlw&! ml wink# ![j aqnco qjcokjlqw aige {j {mlwjgnl{~& ojrlqc`lc{ mik kqib{lk {ml Tqjai{njc jb Jbblcklqw/ Anff nc 9>79# Lrlc{|iff~& {ml fi iw lcig{lkiw {ml Tqjai{njc jb Jbblcklqw Ig{& 9><=&! ncbjq`lk Ajakl# Tqncgntif knw{qng{ ick wlwwnjcw h|kol& Ciot|q&WK @jmjk wink {mi{ {ml gjqqlg{nrl {mljq~ jb t|cnwm`lc{ nw `jql ittfngiafl {j i gnrnfnxlk wjgnl{~# Gmnfkklrlfjt`lc{ tqjhlg{ jbbnglq W`n{i Ticneiq ick knw{qng{ floif wlqrnglw/ i|{mjqn{~ Enwmjql Hinwif lql ifwjtqlwlc{# -[n`lw jb Nckni 2*91*99.

Bjjk wlg|qn{~ Anff nff cj{ qi`t |t w|awnk~8 [mjìw -9>.Cl Klfmn8 H|w{ {j ki~w imlik jb i gq|gnif giancl{ `ll{nco {j gfliq {ml \TINN ojrlqc`lc{„w Ci{njcifBjjk Wlg|qn{~ Anff -CBWA.& bjjk `ncnw{lq ER [mjìw jc W|cki~ wink {ml gj|c{q~„w bjjk w|awnk~ j|fk cj{

oj |t wnocnbngic{f~ bjffjnco n`tfl`lc{i{njc `loi ncn{ni{nrl& mngm in`w i{ onrnco floif lc{n{fl`lc{ {jw|awnknwlk bjjkoqincw {j {j{mnqk jb {ml gj|c{q~/w tjt|fi{njc# ‖[mqj|om `jklqcnwi{njc jb {ml [iqol{{lkT|afng Knw{qna|{njc W~w{l` ick n`tqjrl`lc{ nc {ml bjjkoqincw w{jqiol `lgmicnw`& l iql in`nco i{qlk|gnco iw{iolw jb oqincw mngm j|fk lrlc{|iff~ qlk|gl {ml bjjk w|awnk~ gj`tjclc{&‐ [mjìw {jfkBL# [ml \cnjc giancl{ nw wfi{lk {j `ll{ jc [|lwki~ {j gjcwnklq ittqjrnco {ml bjjk Anff& mngm {ml`ncnw{q~ nc{lckw {j nc{qjk|gl nc {ml g|qqlc{ wliwjc jb Tiqfni`lc{# [mjìw wink {ml icc|if bjjk w|awnk~anff& bjffjnco {ml n`tfl`lc{i{njc jb CBWA& j|fk oj |t bqj` {ml g|qqlc{ flrlf jb Q27&444 gqjql {jQ><&444 gqjql nc {ml wmjq{ q|c# Mjlrlq& n{m {ml qlk|g{njc bjjkoqinc fjwwlw k|l {j `jklqcnwi{njc jb[TKW& mngm nw l}tlg{lk {j aqnco kjc bjjk oqincw tnfblqiol g|qqlc{f~ lw{nì{lk i{ 74, {j ;4,& ‖{ml bjjkw|awnk~ j|fk al qlk|glk {j iqj|ck Q?4&444 gqjql n{mnc {j {j {mqll ~liqw‐# ‖Bnrl ~liqw aige& icc|if





fjlq a|qli|gqig~ n{mnc {ml iàn{ jb {ml Anff ‛ {ml bnqw{ n{m wiblo|iqkw ick {ml wlgjck {mqj|om i`lgmicnw` {mi{ nff wll {ml GRG gjck|g{nco {ml lcy|nqnlw ick qltjq{nco tlqnjkngiff~ n{w tqjoqlww {j {mlFjetif ‛ n{ nw nc cj `jjk {j ~nlfk {j [li` Icci/w klìck {j tfigl {ml GAN |cklq {ml Fjetif& jq {jncgf|kl {ml Gn{nxlcw/ Gmiq{lq nc n{5 {ml ojrlqc`lc{ miw kqib{lk i wltiqi{l Gn{nxlcw/ Oqnlricgl QlkqlwwAnff# Nc {mnw& n{ ì~ cj{ mirl [li` Icci/w w|ttjq{ a|{ n{ miw {ml aigenco jb {ml Ci{njcif Gi`tinoc bjq {mlQnom{ {j Ncbjqì{njc -CGTQN.# Nckllk& {ml CGTQN& mngm mik jqoicnwlk gn{nxlcw/ gi`tw nc {ml gitn{if jrlq{ml fiw{ bl ki~w& g|f`nci{nco nc i ki~ fjco jqewmjt& nw ifwj tn{gmnco bjq {j wltiqi{l Anffw ‛ {ml Fjetifbjq gjqq|t{njc nc mnom tfiglw& ick {ml Gn{nxlcw/ Oqnlricgl Qlkqlww Anff bjq ii` iik`n gj`tfinc{w# -[mlMnck| 9>*91*99.

Fje Wiami tiwwlw Fjetif Anff -9>.I fickìqe anff bjq gqli{njc jb Fjetif iw tiwwlk a~ {ml Fje Wiami {jcnom{ n{m {ml ojrlqc`lc{ ìenco n{gfliq {mi{ wl{{nco |t jb Fjei~|e{iw a~ {ml w{i{lw j|fk cj{ al ìcki{jq~& i`lcknco i gjc{lc{nj|wtqjrnwnjc nc rnl jb jttjwn{njc bqj` iffnlw ick j{mlqw# [ml Fjetif ick Fjei~|e{i Anff& 1499 iw ittqjrlkib{lq {ml ojrlqc`lc{ `jrlk i bl j{mlq el~ i`lck`lc{w& ncgf|knco elltnco {ml klblcgl bjqglw ickgjiw{ o|iqk tlqwjcclf j|{ jb {ml t|qrnl jb {ml ic{noqib{ jà|kwìc ick ncgqliwnco {ml l}l`t{njc {n`ljb bjq`lq @Tw bqj` bnrl {j wlrlc ~liqw# I c|àlq jb i`lck`lc{w `jrlk a~ Jttjwn{njc& ncgf|kncogjqtjqi{lw& `lkni ick COJw qlglnrnco kjci{njcw& lql klbli{lk# Wiìhikn Tiq{~ ick AWT w{iolk iifej|{& tqj{lw{nco ioincw{ {mlnq klìckw cj{ alnco `l{# K|qnco {ml icnì{lk jrlq 94mj|q klai{l&

Tqn`l @ncnw{lq @ic`jmic Wncom iwelk tiq{nlw {j !qnwl iajrl tiq{nwic tjfn{ngw! {j kl`jcw{qi{l {j {mltljtfl jb {ml gj|c{q~ {mi{ !{mnw Mj|wl `licw a|wnclww! nc n{w lbbjq{ {j gjài{ gjqq|t{njc# Ml wink i!mjfnw{ng! ittqjigm iw cllklk {j klif n{m {ml !gicglq! jb gjqq|t{njc a|{ qlhlg{lk klìckw bjq aqnconcoGAN |cklq {ml t|qrnl jb Fjetif iw ml iqclk {mi{ cj lc{n{~ wmj|fk al gqli{lk ncgjcwnw{lc{ n{m {mlGjcw{n{|{njcif bqi`ljqe# Gittnco {ml 94mj|q icnì{lk klai{l k|qnco mngm wlrlqif tiq{nlw& ncgf|kncoAHT& AHK& HK\& QHK& WT& [KT ick Flb{ wink {ml anff iw lie ick ic{lk n{ n{mkqic& Bncicgl @ncnw{lqTqicia @|emlqhll qlhlg{lk {ml gjc{lc{njc {mi{ {ml flonwfi{njc mik allc aqj|om{ nc !miw{l! jq |cklqtqlww|ql# Iffi~nco bliqw jb wlrlqif tiq{nlw& ncgf|knco \TI gjcw{n{|lc{w [qnci`jjf ick K@E& {mi{ {mltqjrnwnjc bjq wl{{nco |t Fjei~|e{iw iw ic !i{{ige! jc blklqif w{q|g{|ql& ml wink {ml ojrlqc`lc{ mikìkl i`lck`lc{w w{i{nco {mi{ cj{nbngi{njc j|fk cj{ al nww|l n{mj|{ {ml gjcwlc{ jb w{i{l ojrlqc`lc{w#-Ncknic L}tqlww 1?*91*99.

Gjcw{n{|{njc I`lck`lc{ Anff klbli{lk nc Fje Wiami

Cl Klfmn8 Qim|f Oickmn/w nkli jb gjcblqqnco Gjcw{n{|{njcif w{i{|w {j Fjetif {jcnom{ binflk {j giqq~gjcrng{njc nc {ml Fje Wiami `|gm fnel mnw bi{mlq Qihnr Oickmn/w Ticgmi~i{n Qih Anff 11 ~liqw ioj# [mlGjcw{n{|{njc -992{m I`lck`lc{. Anff iw klbli{lk nc {ml Fje Wiami a~ i kl{lq`nclk Jttjwn{njc& mlftlka~ {ml iawlcgl jb tiq{nlw w|ttjq{nco {ml ojrlqc`lc{ bqj` j|{wnkl fnel WT& AWT ick QHK# N{ iw i qltli{jb {ml wglclw nc Qih~i Wiami nc 9>=> mlc {ml Jttjwn{njc gjànclk {j klbli{ {ml w{i{|{l i`lck`lc{ anff{j gjcblq Gjcw{n{|{njcif w{i{|w {j Ticgmi~i{ Qih ncw{n{|{njcw# Wjjc ib{lq {ml fi{l Tqn`l @ncnw{lq knwwjfrlkFje Wiami ick lc{ {j tjffw mngm mnw tiq{~ fjw{# A|{ i anff {j gjcblq Gjcw{n{|{njcif w{i{|w {j Ticgmi~i{nQih ncw{n{n{|{njcw iw tiwwlk ib{lq {ml Gjcoqlww ql{|qclk {j tjlq nc 9>>9# -Xll Clw 1=*91*99.

H|kngnif Iggj|c{ianfn{~ Anff {j al elt{ jc mjfk -9>.Cl Klfmn8 [ml ojrlqc`lc{& mngm nw afi`nco {ml jttjwn{njc bjq mi`tlqnco flonwfi{nrl a|wnclww ick bjqcj{ fl{{nco gq|gnif qlbjq` anffw alnco gfliqlk& w|kklcf~ klgnklk {j oj wfj# _jqqnlk iaj|{ {ml wibltiwwiol jb {ml Fjetif anff& ick iq~ jb b|q{mlq làiqqiww`lc{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ jc [m|qwki~ klgnklk cj{

{j tqlww bjq tiwwnco jb n`tjq{ic{ anffw bjq {ml {n`l alnco# [ml H|kngnif W{ickiqkw ick Iggj|c{ianfn{~ Anff1494& mngm iw mlirnf~ klai{lk jc _lkclwki~& ick {ml Gjcw{n{|{njc I`lck`lc{ -99;{m. Anff& jc mngm{ml AHTflk CKI ic{lk rj{nco iw cj{ lrlc fnw{lk jc [m|qwki~# N{ iw gfliq {mi{ {ml ojrlqc`lc{ mikklrlfjtlk gjfk bll{ bjq bliq jb icj{mlq fjww jb bigl ib{lq n{w anff {j onrl Gjcw{n{|{njcif w{i{|w {j Fjetif iwklbli{lk# KCI mik jc _lkclwki~ qltjq{lk {mlwl anffw nff cj{ al nc {ml fnw{ jb a|wnclww jc {ml gjcgf|kncoki~# Nc big{& {ml jcf~ flonwfi{nrl a|wnclww jc [m|qwki~ iw nc{qjk|g{njc jb i anff {j i`lck {ml \cfib|fIg{nrn{nlw -Tqlrlc{njc. Ig{& 9>2?# \TI `ncnw{lqw gjcglklk {mi{ {ml~ knk cj{ mirl lcj|om c|àlqw {j ol{{ml anffw gfliqlk ib{lq AHT ick j{mlq tjfn{ngif tiq{nlw ‖ikjt{lk ic iooqlwwnrl i{{n{|kl#‐I`jco {ml` lql\TI tiq{nlw fnel [qnci`jjf Gjcoqlww ick K@E# [ml Gjcoqlww mjtlw {j nc jrlq {ml knwwlc{nco tiq{clqwa~ {ml {n`l {ml~ gj`l aige bjq {ml A|kol{ wlwwnjc ick {ml iwwlàf~ tjffw# -KCI 74*91*99.



Wl} n{m onqf iajrl 92 kjlw cj{ ìel n{ gjcwlcw|if& q|flw Ajài~ MG -9>.@|àin8 @lqlf~ algi|wl {ml rng{n` jb i wl}|if iwwi|f{ nw iajrl 92 kjlw cj{ clglwwiqnf~ n`tf~ igjcwlcw|if nc{lqgj|qwl& jawlqrlk {ml Ajài~ mnom gj|q{ mnfl |tmjfknco {ml gjcrng{njc jb jcl Ci`kljOirifn nc i `ncjq„w qitl nc 1442# \tmjfknco Oirifn„w gjcrng{njc& H|w{ngl QG Gmiricjawlqrlk8 ‖Wncgl {mlrng{n` miw w{i{lk mirnco qlwnw{lk {ml ig{& wml iw bjqglk nc{j nc{lqgj|qwl a~ {ml ittlffic{# Lrlc nb {ml`ncjq rng{n` nw iajrl 92& n{ i`j|c{w {j qitl#‐ Iggjqknco {j {ml tqjwlg|{njc& {ml rng{n` iw w{|k~nco ncW{ickiqk RNN& a|{ mik tjwwnaf~ onrlc |t wgmjjfnco ick w{iq{lk ojnco bjq wj`l j{mlq jqe# T|afngtqjwlg|{jq Qihwmqll Oikmrn gfin`lk {ml onqf iw igy|inc{lk n{m Oirifn& iw ml j|fk rnwn{ {ml rnffiol bjqbn}nco {lflrnwnjc knwm ic{lcciw# Jc Blaq|iq~ 9?& 1442 lrlcnco& mlc wml iw ql{|qcnco mj`l bqj` bnlfkjqe& Oirifn gifflk mlq {j {ml qnrlq aice mlql ml qitlk mlq& ifflolk {ml tqjwlg|{njc# A|{ mlq tqj{lw{ncogqnlw kql {ml i{{lc{njc jb mlq tiqlc{w& mj lql cliqa~# Tjfngl n``lkni{lf~ qligmlk {ml wtj{ ickittqlmlcklk Oirifn# Mjlrlq& klblcgl ikrjgi{l Iqbic Win{ gfin`lk {mi{ {ml rng{n` iw `ll{nco Oirifnqlo|fiqf~& klwtn{l mlq tiqlc{w knwittqjrnco jb n{ ick iwenco mlq {j w{i~ ii~ bqj` mn`# Ifwj& mnflOirifn„w `lkngif qltjq{ wmjlk mn` {j al |cklq {ml ncbf|lcgl jb fny|jq jc {ml ki~ jb {ml ncgnklc{& {mlrng{n`„w qltjq{ w{i{lk {mi{ wml w|bblqlk cj nch|qnlw iw i qlw|f{ jb {ml nc{lqgj|qwl ifflolkf~ bjqglk |tjc mlq#Nc big{& {ml {j kjg{jqw mj l}i`nclk {ml rng{n`& itiq{ bqj` kltjwnco albjql {ml {qnif gj|q{ {ml iawlcgl jbic~ ìqew nckngi{nco {ml onqf mirnco allc w|ahlg{lk {j qitl& ifwj wink wml iw mian{|i{lk {j nc{lqgj|qwl#_mlc Win{ gjc{lcklk {mi{ {ml knwittqjrnco tiqlc{w gj|fk mirl bifwlf~ n`tfngi{lk Oirifn& h|w{ngl Gmiricjawlqrlk {mi{ {ml big{ {mi{ wml qlwnw{lk Oirifn n`tfnlk qitl# Mjlrlq& {ml mnom gj|q{ jtnclk {mi{ {ml

wlwwnjcw h|kol wmj|fk cj{ mirl iiqklk i wlrlc~liq hinf {lq` ick qlk|glk mnw wlc{lcgl {j i bnrl~liq{lq`# Iw Oirifn& mj miw allc almnck aiqw wncgl mnw iqqlw{ nc 1442& miw ifqlik~ wlqrlk jrlq bnrl ~liqw nc hinf& {ml mnom gj|q{ jqklqlk mnw qlfliwl# -KCI 74*91*99.

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